CN105596937A - 一种治疗糖尿病的药物及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
糖尿病是一组以高血糖为特征的代谢性疾病。高血糖则是由于胰岛素分泌缺陷。糖尿病时长期存在的高血糖,导致各种组织,特别是眼、肾、心脏、血管、神经的慢性损害、功能障碍。<b>病人表现为多饮、多尿、多食和消瘦</b>、<b>疲乏无力,肥胖。</b>本发明药物是选择莲子、乌贼骨、刺猬皮、覆盆子、桑螵蛸、鳖甲、灯笼草、墨旱莲、桑葚、玉竹、火鱼草、金钗石斛、枣皮、天冬、五味子、麦冬、肉苁蓉、扁豆、阿胶、酸枣仁、沙苑子、灵芝、益智仁、决明子、补骨脂、穞豆衣、锁阳、西洋参、胡桃仁、鹿角胶、冬虫夏草、腽肭脐、蛤蚧药物进行组合制备的,将这些药物组合使得各药物功效产生协同作用,从而能够有效治疗糖尿病。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种治疗糖尿病的药物及其制备方法,属中药领域。
技术背景
糖尿病是一组以高血糖为特征的代谢性疾病。高血糖则是由于胰岛素分泌缺陷。糖尿病时长期存在的高血糖,导致各种组织,特别是眼、肾、心脏、血管、神经的慢性损害、功能障碍。病人表现为多饮、多尿、多食和消瘦、疲乏无力,肥胖。由于目前西药无法快速有效的治疗糖尿病,因此人们对快速有效治疗糖尿病的中药药物存在极大的需求,至今为止,还没有发现关于本发明的有关报道。
发明内容
本发明人依据中医理论的研究和临床试验的反复验证,终于找到了有效治疗糖尿病的药物,从而完成了本发明。
本发明的目的就是提供一种有效的治疗糖尿病的中药组合药物。
本发明的另一目的就是提供了该中药组合药物的制备方法。
本发明药物是选择莲子、乌贼骨、刺猬皮、覆盆子、桑螵蛸、鳖甲、灯笼草、墨旱莲、桑葚、玉竹、火鱼草、金钗石斛、枣皮、天冬、五味子、麦冬、肉苁蓉、扁豆、阿胶、酸枣仁、沙苑子、灵芝、益智仁、决明子、补骨脂、穞豆衣、锁阳、西洋参、胡桃仁、鹿角胶、冬虫夏草、腽肭脐、蛤蚧药物进行组合制备的,将这些药物组合使得各药物功效产生协同作用,从而能够有效治疗糖尿病。其中选用莲子是因为其味甘、涩,平。归脾、肾、心经。功能补脾止泻,益肾涩精,养心安神。用于脾虚久泻,遗精带下,心悸失眠。选用乌贼骨是因为其味咸、涩,温。归脾、肾经。功能收敛止血,涩精止带,制酸,敛疮。用于胃痛吞酸,吐血衄血,崩漏便血,遗精滑精,赤白带下;溃疡病。外治损伤出血,疮多脓汁。选用刺猬皮是因为其味苦、甘,平。功能行瘀止痛,止血,固精。用于胃脘疼痛,子宫出血,便血,痔疮,遗精,遗尿。选用覆盆子是因为其味甘、酸,温。归肾、膀胱经。功能益肾,固精,缩尿。用于肾虚遗尿,小便频数,阳痿早泄,遗精滑精。选用桑螵蛸是因为其味甘、咸,平。归肝、肾经。功能益肾固精,缩尿,止浊。用于遗精滑精,遗尿尿频,小便白浊。选用鳖甲是因为其味咸,微寒。归肝、肾经。功能滋阴潜阳,软坚散结,退热除蒸。用于阴虚发热,劳热骨蒸,虚风内动,经闭,癓瘕,久疟疟母。选用灯笼草是因为其味苦,凉。功能清热解毒,消炎利水。主治感冒发热,腮腺炎,支气管炎,急性肾盂肾炎,睾丸炎,泡疹,疖疮,疝气痛。选用墨旱莲是因为其味甘、酸,寒。归肾、肝经。功能滋补肝肾,凉血止血。用于牙齿松动,须发早白,眩晕耳鸣,腰膝酸软,阴虚血热、吐血、衄血、尿血,血痢,崩漏下血,外伤出血。选用桑葚是因为其味甘、酸,寒。归心、肝、肾经。功能补血滋阴,生津润燥。用于眩晕耳鸣,心悸失眠,须发早白,津伤口渴,内热消渴,血虚便秘。选用玉竹是因为其味甘,微寒。归肺、胃经。功能养阴润燥,生津止渴。用于肺胃阴伤,燥热咳嗽,咽干口渴,内热消渴。选用火鱼草是因为其味苦辛,凉。入肺、肝、肾三经。功能补肝肾,益肺阴,散瘀消肿。治遗精,遗尿,白浊,白带,哮喘,胃痛,劳伤,小儿疳积,泻痢,跌打损伤,视力减退,目赤,乳痈。选用金钗石斛是因为其性寒,味甘、淡、微咸。功能滋阴清热,生津止渴。用于热病伤津、口渴舌燥、病后虚热、胃病、干呕、舌光少苔。选用枣皮是因为其味酸、涩,微温。归肝、肾经。功能补益肝肾,涩精固脱。用于眩晕耳鸣,腰膝酸痛,阳痿遗精,遗尿尿频,崩漏带下,大汗虚脱。内热消渴。选用天冬是因为其味甘、苦,寒。归肺、肾经。功能养阴润燥,清肺生津。用于肺燥干咳,顿咳痰黏,咽干口渴,肠燥便秘。选用五味子是因为其味酸、甘,温。归肺,心、肾经。功能收敛固涩,益气生津,补肾宁心。用于久嗽虚喘,梦遗滑精,遗尿尿频,久泻不止,自汗,盗汗,津伤口渴,短气脉虚,内热消渴,心悸失眠。选用麦冬是因为其味甘,微苦,微寒。归心、肺、胃经。功能养阴生津,润肺清心。用于肺燥干咳。虚痨咳嗽,津伤口渴,心烦失眠,内热消渴,肠燥便秘;咽白喉。选用肉苁蓉是因为其味甘、咸,温。归肾、大肠经。功能补肾阳,益精血,润肠通便。用于阳痿,不孕,腰膝酸软,筋骨无力,肠燥便秘。选用扁豆会因为其味甘,平。入脾、胃经。功能健脾和中,消暑化湿。治暑湿吐泻,脾虚呕逆,食少久泄,水停消渴,赤白带下,小儿疳积。选用阿胶是因为其味甘,平。归肺、肝、肾经。功能补血滋阴,润燥,止血。用于血虚萎黄,眩晕心悸,肌痿无力,心烦不眠,虚风内动,肺燥咳嗽,劳嗽咯血,吐血尿血,便血崩漏,妊娠胎漏。选用酸枣仁是因为其味甘、酸,平。归肝、胆、心经。功能补肝,宁心,敛汗,生津。用于虚烦不眠,惊悸多梦,体虚多汗,津伤口渴。选用沙苑子是因为其味甘,温。归肝、肾经。功能温补肝肾,固精,缩尿,明目。用于肾虚腰痛,遗精早泄,白浊带下,小便余沥,眩晕目昏。选用灵芝是因为其味甘,平。归心、肺、肝、肾经。功能补气安神,止咳平喘。用于眩晕不眠,心悸气短,虚劳咳喘。选用益智仁是因为其味辛,温。入脾,肾经。功能温脾,暖肾,固气,涩精。治冷气腹痛,中寒吐泻,多唾,遗精,小便余沥,夜多小便。选用决明子是因为其味甘、苦、咸,微寒。归肝、大肠经。功能清热明目,润肠通便。用于目赤涩痛,羞明多泪,头痛眩晕,目暗不明,大便秘结。选用补骨脂是因为其味辛、苦,温。归肾、脾经。功能温肾助阳,纳气,止泻。用于阳痿遗精,遗尿尿频,腰膝冷痛,肾虚作喘,五更泄泻;外用治白癜风,斑秃。选用穞豆衣是因为其性温,味甘。功能养血疏风。治阴虚烦热,盗汗,眩晕,头痛。选用锁阳是因为其味甘,温。归脾、肾、大肠经。功能补肾阳,益精血,润肠通便。用于腰膝痿软,阳痿滑精,肠燥便秘。选用西洋参是因为其味甘、微苦,凉。归心、肺、肾经。功能补气养阴,清热生津。用于气虚阴亏,内热,咳喘痰血,虚热烦倦,消渴,口燥咽干。选用胡桃仁是因为其味甘,温。入肾、肺经。功能补肾固精,温肺定喘,润肠,治肾虚喘嗽,腰痛脚弱,阳痿,遗精,小便频数,石淋,大便燥结。选用鹿角胶是因为其味甘、咸,温。归肾、肝经。功能温补肝肾,益精养血。用于阳痿滑精,腰膝酸冷,虚劳羸瘦,崩漏下血,便血尿血,阴疽肿痛。选用冬虫夏草是因为其味甘,平。归肺、肾经。功能补肺益肾,止血化痰。用于久咳虚喘,劳嗽咯血,阳痿遗精,腰膝酸痛。选用腽肭脐是以为其味咸,热。入肝、肾经。功能暖肾壮阳,益精补髓。治虚损劳伤,阳痿精衰,腰膝痿弱。选用蛤蚧是因为其味咸,平。归肺、肾经。功能补肺益肾,纳气定喘,助阳益精。用于虚喘气促,劳嗽咳血,阳萎遗精。
具体实施方式
本发明组分的药物用量也是发明人经过大量摸索总结得出的,各组分的用量在下述重量范围内都具有较好的疗效:
优选为:
本发明药物的制备方法如下
一、备料
1、莲子:本品为睡莲科植物莲的干燥成熟种子,除去莲心者称莲肉,秋季果实成熟时采割莲房,取出果实,除去果皮,干燥,
2、乌贼骨:收集乌贼鱼的骨状内壳,洗净,干燥,
3、刺猬皮:将皮剥下,撒上一层石灰,置于通风处阴干,
4、覆盆子:本品为蔷薇科悬钩子属植物华东覆盆子的干燥果实,夏初果实由绿变绿黄时采收,除去梗、叶,置沸水中略烫或略蒸,取出,干燥,
5、桑螵蛸:深秋至次春采收,除去杂质,蒸至虫卵死后,干燥,
6、鳖甲:本品为鳖科动物鳖的背甲,全年均可捕捉,以秋、冬二季为多,捕捉后杀死,置沸水中烫至背甲上的硬皮能剥落时,取出,剥取背甲,除去残肉,晒干,
7、灯笼草:茄科灯笼草,以全草入药,
8、墨旱莲:本品为菊科植物鳢肠的干燥地上部分,花开时采割,晒干,
9、桑葚:本品为桑科植物桑的干燥果穗,4--6月果实变红时采收,晒干,或略蒸后晒干,
10、玉竹:本品为百合科植物玉竹的干燥根茎,秋季采挖,除去须根,洗净,晒至柔软后,反复揉搓、晾晒至无硬心,晒干;或蒸透后,揉至半透明,晒干,
11、火鱼草:为豆科植物截叶铁扫帚的全草或带根全草,9--10月采收,鲜用或晒干用,
12、金钗石斛:兰科植物金钗石斛的茎,全年均可采收,以春末夏初和秋季采者为好,煮蒸透或烤软后,晒干或烘干或鲜用,
13、枣皮:本品为山茱萸科植物山茱萸的干燥成熟果肉,秋末冬初果皮变红时采收果实,用文火烘或置沸水中略烫后,及时除去果核,干燥,
14、天冬:本品为百合科植物天门冬的干燥块根,秋、冬二季采挖,洗净,除去茎基和须根,置沸水中煮或蒸至透心,趁热除去外皮,洗净,干燥,
15、五味子:秋季果实成熟时采摘,晒干或蒸后晒干,除去果梗及杂质,
16、麦冬:本品为百合科植物麦冬(沿阶草)的干燥块根,夏季采挖,洗净,反复暴晒、堆置,至七八成干,除去须根,干燥,
17、肉苁蓉:本品为列当科植物肉苁蓉的干燥带鳞叶的肉质茎,多于春季苗未出土或刚出土时采挖,除去花序,切段,晒干,
18、扁豆:为豆科植物扁豆的白色种子,立冬前后摘取成熟荚果,晒干,打出种子,再晒至全干,
19、阿胶:本品为马科动物驴的皮经煎煮、浓缩制成的固体胶,
20、酸枣仁:本品为鼠李科植物酸枣的干燥成熟种子,秋末冬初采收成熟果实,除去果肉及核壳,收集种子,晒干,
21、沙苑子:本品为豆科植物扁茎黄芪的干燥成熟种子,秋末冬初果实成熟尚未开裂时采割植株,晒干,打下种子,除去杂质,晒干,
22、灵芝:全年采收,除去杂质,剪除附有朽木、泥沙或培养基质的下端菌柄,阴干或在40—50度烘干,
23、益智仁:为姜科植物益智的果实,5--6月间果实呈褐色、果皮茸毛减少时采摘,除去果柄,晒干,
24、决明子:秋季采收成熟果实,晒干,打下种子,除去杂质,
25、补骨脂:本品为豆科植物补骨脂的干燥成熟果实,秋季果实成熟时采收果序,晒干,搓出果实,除去杂质,
26、穞豆衣:为豆科植物大豆黑色的种皮,取黑大豆用清水浸泡,待其发芽后,搓下种皮,晒干,贮藏于干燥处,
27、锁阳:本品为锁阳科植物锁阳的干燥肉质茎,春季采挖,除去花序,切段,晒干,
28、西洋参:本品为五加科植物西洋参的干燥根,均系栽培品,秋季采挖,洗净,晒干或低温干燥,
29、胡桃仁:为胡桃科植物胡桃的种仁,于白露前后果实成熟时采收,将果实外皮沤烂,击开核壳,取其核仁,晒干,本品易返油、虫蛀,立夏前后,须藏于冷室内,
30、鹿角胶:为鹿角经水煎熬、浓缩制成的固体胶,将鹿角锯成长6--10厘米的段,漂泡至水清,分次水煎,滤过,合并滤液(或加入明矾细粉少量),静置,滤取胶液,用文火浓缩(可加适量豆油、冰糖、黄酒)至稠膏状,冷凝,切块,阴干,
31、冬虫夏草:本品为麦角菌科真菌冬虫夏草寄生在蝙蝠蛾科昆虫幼虫上的子座及幼虫尸体的复合体。夏初子座出土、孢子未发散时挖取,晒至六七成干,除去似纤维状的附着物及杂质,晒干或低温干燥,
32、腽肭脐:为海狗科动物海狗或海豹科动物海豹的雄性外生殖器,海豹于春季沿海冰块开裂时捕捉雄兽,割取生殖器(阴茎及睾丸),置阴凉处风干,装坛内,以白糖培之,防虫蛀及走油,
33、蛤蚧:本品为壁虎科动物蛤蚧的干燥体,全年均可捕捉,除去内脏,拭净,用竹片撑开,使全体扁平顺直,低温干燥,
二、制备
1、将所述重量的莲子、乌贼骨、刺猬皮、覆盆子、桑螵蛸、鳖甲、灯笼草、墨旱莲、桑葚、玉竹、火鱼草、金钗石斛、枣皮、天冬、五味子、麦冬、肉苁蓉、扁豆、阿胶、酸枣仁、沙苑子、灵芝、益智仁、决明子、补骨脂、穞豆衣、锁阳、西洋参、胡桃仁、鹿角胶、冬虫夏草、腽肭脐、蛤蚧加水煎煮两次,第一次加水8倍量,武火煎煮沸腾10分钟,再用文火煎煮25分钟,过滤得第一次煎煮液;
2、将第一次过滤后的药渣加水6倍量,武火煎煮沸腾,再用文火煎煮20分钟,过滤得第二次煎煮液;
3、合并两次煎煮液,武火煮沸,再用文火煎煮10分钟即得药液,分为四剂服用;
本发明药物具有清热解毒,升阳解肌,散寒祛风的功能,用于治疗糖尿病见效快、疗效好、不复发;
以下通过试验例来进一步阐述本发明药物的有益效果,这些试验包括本发明药物的动物毒性试验和临床疗效观察试验:
[试验例1]本发明药物的动物毒性试验
取西德兔30只,雌雄兼用,体重2.0-2.5kg,分两组,每组15只,其中一组为超剂量试验组,另一组为正常量试验组。超剂量试验组为25ml/kg,正常量为10ml/kg,给药方式为灌胃法给药,每天二次,连服7天,每天观察给药反应,结果表明二组家兔活动、饮食正常,药物无不良毒副作用,
[试验例2]本发明药物的临床疗效观察
1、一般资料
收治门诊患者共36例。
2、诊断标准
糖尿病患者体内产生胰岛素的能力并非完全丧失,但胰岛素的作用效果较差。摄入高热量及结构不合理(高脂肪、高蛋白、低碳水化合物)膳食会导致肥胖,随着体重的增加及缺乏体育运动,胰岛素抵抗会进行性加重,进糖尿病的发生;体力活动过少和紧张、劳累、精神刺激、外伤、以及使用升高血糖的激素等,也会导致糖尿病。高血压、血脂异常等因素也会增加患病风险;
3、治疗方法
选用上述药剂,给患者服用,每日二次,每次一剂,连续服用9天;
4、疗效评定标准
显效:糖尿病症状痊愈,恢复正常;
好转:糖尿病症状减轻,逐步好转;
无效:达不到好转标准者;
5、治疗结果(见下表):
在上述治疗中,用本发明药物治疗糖尿病患者36例,结果显效33例,显效率为91.67%,好转2例,好转率为5.55%,无效1例,总有效率为97.22%。
Claims (1)
1.本发明组分的药物用量也是发明人经过大量摸索总结得出的,各组分的用量在下述重量范围内都具有较好的疗效:
优选为:
本发明药物的制备方法如下
一、备料
1、莲子:本品为睡莲科植物莲的干燥成熟种子,除去莲心者称莲肉,秋季果实成熟时采割莲房,取出果实,除去果皮,干燥,
2、乌贼骨:收集乌贼鱼的骨状内壳,洗净,干燥,
3、刺猬皮:将皮剥下,撒上一层石灰,置于通风处阴干,
4、覆盆子:本品为蔷薇科悬钩子属植物华东覆盆子的干燥果实,夏初果实由绿变绿黄时采收,除去梗、叶,置沸水中略烫或略蒸,取出,干燥,
5、桑螵蛸:深秋至次春采收,除去杂质,蒸至虫卵死后,干燥,
6、鳖甲:本品为鳖科动物鳖的背甲,全年均可捕捉,以秋、冬二季为多,捕捉后杀死,置沸水中烫至背甲上的硬皮能剥落时,取出,剥取背甲,除去残肉,晒干,
7、灯笼草:茄科灯笼草,以全草入药,
8、墨旱莲:本品为菊科植物鳢肠的干燥地上部分,花开时采割,晒干,
9、桑葚:本品为桑科植物桑的干燥果穗,4--6月果实变红时采收,晒干,或略蒸后晒干,
10、玉竹:本品为百合科植物玉竹的干燥根茎,秋季采挖,除去须根,洗净,晒至柔软后,反复揉搓、晾晒至无硬心,晒干;或蒸透后,揉至半透明,晒干,
11、火鱼草:为豆科植物截叶铁扫帚的全草或带根全草,9--10月采收,鲜用或晒干用,
12、金钗石斛:兰科植物金钗石斛的茎,全年均可采收,以春末夏初和秋季采者为好,煮蒸透或烤软后,晒干或烘干或鲜用,
13、枣皮:本品为山茱萸科植物山茱萸的干燥成熟果肉,秋末冬初果皮变红时采收果实,用文火烘或置沸水中略烫后,及时除去果核,干燥,
14、天冬:本品为百合科植物天门冬的干燥块根,秋、冬二季采挖,洗净,除去茎基和须根,置沸水中煮或蒸至透心,趁热除去外皮,洗净,干燥,
15、五味子:秋季果实成熟时采摘,晒干或蒸后晒干,除去果梗及杂质,
16、麦冬:本品为百合科植物麦冬(沿阶草)的干燥块根,夏季采挖,洗净,反复暴晒、堆置,至七八成干,除去须根,干燥,
17、肉苁蓉:本品为列当科植物肉苁蓉的干燥带鳞叶的肉质茎,多于春季苗未出土或刚出土时采挖,除去花序,切段,晒干,
18、扁豆:为豆科植物扁豆的白色种子,立冬前后摘取成熟荚果,晒干,打出种子,再晒至全干,
19、阿胶:本品为马科动物驴的皮经煎煮、浓缩制成的固体胶,
20、酸枣仁:本品为鼠李科植物酸枣的干燥成熟种子,秋末冬初采收成熟果实,除去果肉及核壳,收集种子,晒干,
21、沙苑子:本品为豆科植物扁茎黄芪的干燥成熟种子,秋末冬初果实成熟尚未开裂时采割植株,晒干,打下种子,除去杂质,晒干,
22、灵芝:全年采收,除去杂质,剪除附有朽木、泥沙或培养基质的下端菌柄,阴干或在40—50度烘干,
23、益智仁:为姜科植物益智的果实,5--6月间果实呈褐色、果皮茸毛减少时采摘,除去果柄,晒干,
24、决明子:秋季采收成熟果实,晒干,打下种子,除去杂质,
25、补骨脂:本品为豆科植物补骨脂的干燥成熟果实,秋季果实成熟时采收果序,晒干,搓出果实,除去杂质,
26、穞豆衣:为豆科植物大豆黑色的种皮,取黑大豆用清水浸泡,待其发芽后,搓下种皮,晒干,贮藏于干燥处,
27、锁阳:本品为锁阳科植物锁阳的干燥肉质茎,春季采挖,除去花序,切段,晒干,
28、西洋参:本品为五加科植物西洋参的干燥根,均系栽培品,秋季采挖,洗净,晒干或低温干燥,
29、胡桃仁:为胡桃科植物胡桃的种仁,于白露前后果实成熟时采收,将果实外皮沤烂,击开核壳,取其核仁,晒干,本品易返油、虫蛀,立夏前后,须藏于冷室内,
30、鹿角胶:为鹿角经水煎熬、浓缩制成的固体胶,将鹿角锯成长6--10厘米的段,漂泡至水清,分次水煎,滤过,合并滤液(或加入明矾细粉少量),静置,滤取胶液,用文火浓缩(可加适量豆油、冰糖、黄酒)至稠膏状,冷凝,切块,阴干,
31、冬虫夏草:本品为麦角菌科真菌冬虫夏草寄生在蝙蝠蛾科昆虫幼虫上的子座及幼虫尸体的复合体,夏初子座出土、孢子未发散时挖取,晒至六七成干,除去似纤维状的附着物及杂质,晒干或低温干燥,
32、腽肭脐:为海狗科动物海狗或海豹科动物海豹的雄性外生殖器,海豹于春季沿海冰块开裂时捕捉雄兽,割取生殖器(阴茎及睾丸),置阴凉处风干,装坛内,以白糖培之,防虫蛀及走油,
33、蛤蚧:本品为壁虎科动物蛤蚧的干燥体,全年均可捕捉,除去内脏,拭净,用竹片撑开,使全体扁平顺直,低温干燥,
二、制备
1、将所述重量的莲子、乌贼骨、刺猬皮、覆盆子、桑螵蛸、鳖甲、灯笼草、墨旱莲、桑葚、玉竹、火鱼草、金钗石斛、枣皮、天冬、五味子、麦冬、肉苁蓉、扁豆、阿胶、酸枣仁、沙苑子、灵芝、益智仁、决明子、补骨脂、穞豆衣、锁阳、西洋参、胡桃仁、鹿角胶、冬虫夏草、腽肭脐、蛤蚧加水煎煮两次,第一次加水8倍量,武火煎煮沸腾10分钟,再用文火煎煮25分钟,过滤得第一次煎煮液;
2、将第一次过滤后的药渣加水6倍量,武火煎煮沸腾,再用文火煎煮20分钟,过滤得第二次煎煮液;
3、合并两次煎煮液,武火煮沸,再用文火煎煮10分钟即得药液,分为四剂服用。
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