CN1055947A - 粒状和粉状燃料的气化方法和气化装置 - Google Patents

粒状和粉状燃料的气化方法和气化装置 Download PDF

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CN1055947A
CN1055947A CN91101666A CN91101666A CN1055947A CN 1055947 A CN1055947 A CN 1055947A CN 91101666 A CN91101666 A CN 91101666A CN 91101666 A CN91101666 A CN 91101666A CN 1055947 A CN1055947 A CN 1055947A
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CN1036855C (zh
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福兰克·兹敖贝克
克劳斯·胡芬
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Krupp Koppers GmbH
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10JPRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/46Gasification of granular or pulverulent flues in suspension
    • C10J3/466Entrained flow processes
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10JPRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/46Gasification of granular or pulverulent flues in suspension
    • C10J3/48Apparatus; Plants
    • C10J3/485Entrained flow gasifiers
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    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10JPRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0913Carbonaceous raw material
    • C10J2300/093Coal
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10JPRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/16Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant
    • C10J2300/164Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant with conversion of synthesis gas
    • C10J2300/1643Conversion of synthesis gas to energy
    • C10J2300/165Conversion of synthesis gas to energy integrated with a gas turbine or gas motor
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10JPRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/16Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant
    • C10J2300/1671Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant with the production of electricity
    • C10J2300/1675Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant with the production of electricity making use of a steam turbine
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10JPRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/16Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant
    • C10J2300/1687Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant with steam generation
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10JPRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/18Details of the gasification process, e.g. loops, autothermal operation
    • C10J2300/1846Partial oxidation, i.e. injection of air or oxygen only
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E20/00Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
    • Y02E20/16Combined cycle power plant [CCPP], or combined cycle gas turbine [CCGT]
    • Y02E20/18Integrated gasification combined cycle [IGCC], e.g. combined with carbon capture and storage [CCS]

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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Abstract

一种压力在10bar以上温度在1400℃以上的粒 状和粉状燃料气化方法和装置,其中,伴随气化产生 的液态熔渣用水使之冷凝,所用的水始终保持在与气 化压力相应的沸点以下20-30℃的温度下。将一股 分流出来的水循环地流经蒸汽发生器,以保持所需要 的水温,并使由此产生的蒸汽送到燃气轮机和蒸汽轮 机复合发电站的蒸汽轮机中去。

Description

本发明涉及一种压力在10bar以上温度在1400℃以上的粒状和粉状燃料气化方法和装置,气化过程所发生的主要成分为CO和H2的部分氧化气体用于接在气化反应器后面的燃气轮机和蒸汽轮机复合发电站中,而随同产生的液态熔渣则从气化反应器中放出并用水使之冷凝。
在上述温度条件下气化粒状和粉状燃料时,所用燃料的灰分受热而达到了熔点以上的温度,从而形成液态熔渣。熔渣汇集在气化反应器的下部,必须从反应器中将其放出。一般情况下是将熔渣放入水槽并在水槽中使其骤冷而粒化,形成一种玻璃状对环境无害的可供储存和利用的材料。从德国专利DE-PS2342079得知,在高压下进行气化时,气化反应器和其下面所设水槽是一起放在一个共同的高压容器内的。
在以上简述的方法中,目前一般是在冷却熔渣的循环水受热升温到约40℃时就将其从设备中引出而使之冷却。但这种方法的缺点是:必须使大量的冷却水进入循环,从而产生多达每小时1000t的冷却水,而由于其温度相对较低,很难为其找到充分利用的可能途径。如果将气化过程与燃气轮机和蒸汽轮机复合发电站联结起来,就可将一部分这样产生的低温热量用来对给水进行预热。即便为此所需的低温热量能够加以利用,但是所产生的其余的低温热量则不能用于发电。实际上在目前的操作方法中,在绝大多数情况下大部分液态熔渣的热量都不可能在气化过程中和气化后的气体产品的使用中加以利用而浪费掉了。很明显,所使用燃料的灰分含量愈高,这种缺点也愈突出,因为随着灰分含量的增高,随同产生的液态熔渣数量也增加,而此液态熔渣中的热量在冷却过程中全都耗损在水槽中了。因此,这种气化方法的总效率相应下降。这一点可用下表所示实施例来表明,如下表所示,对两种煤料进行了气化,一种是灰分含量较低的煤,另一种是灰分含量较高的煤。在这两种情况下所产生的部分氧化气体都用于总发电量约为197MW的燃气轮机和蒸汽轮机复合发电站。
A煤  B煤
灰分含量  (重量%)  11.8  40.0
用煤量  (kg/S)  15.9  24.5
供热量  (MJ/S)  405  421
熔渣内所含热量  (MJ/S)  3.3  17.3
总效率  (%)  43.0  40.9
因此,本发明的任务在于进一步改进前面所述方法,从而进一步减少液态熔渣中热量的耗损,同时相应提高总效率。
关于本发明用以解决上述任务的方法,其特征在于:使用以冷却熔渣的水始终保持在与气化压力相应的沸点以下20-30℃的温度范围。为保持所要求的水温,将一股分流出来的水循环地流经蒸汽发生器,通过间接的热交换使其冷却,与此同时,使由此产生的蒸汽送到燃气轮机和蒸汽轮机复合发电站的蒸汽轮机中去。
也就是说,本发明气化方法的优点是:熔渣的热量主要用以产生蒸汽,而蒸汽可直接用于发电站的蒸汽轮机内进行发电。这里,由于传热用水没有达到相应压力下的沸点温度,因而不会有大量的蒸汽进入气化反应器干扰气化过程和影响部分氧化气体的纯度。此外,在实施本发明的气化方法中,在以上所述限度内,可使水尽量保持在一个较高的温度以取得尽可能多的蒸汽。
以下通过附图所示实施例对本发明进行进一步的说明。在附图中同时简略地示明了用以实施本发明气化方法的装置。
如图所示,在高压容器1内设有气化反应器2,在此反应器内可设置一个或几个气化燃烧器3。气化反应器2可呈对通笼体形,用于气化。当然,也可采用其他实施方式,在这些实施方式中采用水套来冷却气化反应器2。高压容器向下缩小而形成水槽5。在上述实施例中,气化是在30bar的压力和1600℃的温度下进行的,使所产生的液态熔渣在此温度下按箭头所示方向从气化反应器2通过开口4滴进位于下面的水槽5中。熔渣在温度约为180℃的槽水中凝固。为使水保持在上述温度,将一股水从水槽5中分流出来,用水泵6使其经由蛇形管10进行循环,从而使水槽5与蒸汽发生器7联结起来。在此发生器中,流经蛇形管10的水在流回水槽5之前受到了必要的冷却。所需给水通过管道8送进蒸汽发生器7,所产生的蒸汽则通过管道9排出。根据本发明,此蒸汽通向图中未示出的燃气轮机和蒸汽轮机复合发电站的蒸汽轮机中,直接用以发电。在水槽5中产生的粒化熔渣可通过排渣口11排出,而气化时产生的部分氧化气体通过气体出口12从高压容器1中排出以便在进行相应的冷却和净化后送到接在后面的燃气轮机和蒸汽轮机复合发电站中作进一步的利用。当然,在高压容器1内气化反应器2的上方还可设置用以冷却所产生的部分氧化气体的其他内部装置,对此图中未予表示。同样还可以使高压容器1配置有水冷壁体。
在上述实施例中,在处理能力约为每小时77t煤,而煤的灰分含量为40%的情况下在蒸汽发生器7内每小时产生了约21t的蒸汽,这些蒸汽在燃气轮机和蒸汽轮机复合发电站内额外地发出约4MW/h的电功率。按一年使用期为6000小时,每KWh的电费为0.15DM计算,一年的收益就达3600000DM。与此同时,设备的总效率提高了约1%。
本发明气化方法的优点可归纳如下:
提高了带有煤料气化装置的燃气轮机和蒸汽轮机复合发电站的总效率。这在使用灰分含量较高的燃料的情况下更为适宜;
明显地继低了熔渣粒化中冷却水的需用量;
可以不必将加热的冷却水排放到外界去;
全年收益较高,除偿还可能的附加投资外尚有利润可得;
在熔渣粒化中采用了与目前所用方法相比明显较高的冷却水温度,使水面以上的区域内不致产生低于露点的现象,从而在最大程度上防止了由气体冷凝液中所含H2S和HCl造成的腐蚀现象。

Claims (2)

1、一种压力在10bar以上温度在1400℃以上的粒状和粉状燃料气化方法,气化过程所发生的主要成分为CO和H2的部分氧化气体用于接在气化反应器后面的燃气轮机和蒸汽轮机复合发电站中,而随同产生的液态熔渣则从气化反应器中放出并用水使之冷凝,其特征是:使用以冷却熔渣的水始终保持在与气化压力相应的沸点以下20-30℃的温度范围内,为保持所要求的水温,将一股分流出来的水循环地流经蒸汽发生器,通过间接的热交换使其冷却,与此同时,使由此产生的蒸汽送到燃气轮机和蒸汽轮机复合发电站的蒸汽轮机中去。
2、用以实施权利要求1所述方法的装置,在此装置中,气化反应器和位于其下的水槽设置在一个共同的高压容器内,其特征是:水槽(5)通过配有一个水泵(6)的蛇形管(10)与一设置在高压容器(1)外面的蒸汽发生器(7)联结起来。
CN91101666A 1990-04-14 1991-03-19 冷却液态熔渣的方法和装置 Expired - Fee Related CN1036855C (zh)

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DE4012085A DE4012085A1 (de) 1990-04-14 1990-04-14 Verfahren und vorrichtung zur vergasung von feinkoernigen bis staubfoermigen brennstoffen mit nachgeschaltetem kombinierten gas-/und dampfturbinenkraftwerk
DEP4012085.6 1990-04-14

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104174346A (zh) * 2013-05-27 2014-12-03 任相坤 一种液体残渣的成型工艺及成型装置
CN111826206A (zh) * 2019-04-15 2020-10-27 乔治洛德方法研究和开发液化空气有限公司 在线控制造渣气化工艺的方法和用于气化工艺的设备

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JPH10156314A (ja) * 1996-12-03 1998-06-16 Ebara Corp 廃棄物からのエネルギ回収方法
DE102008035386A1 (de) 2008-07-29 2010-02-11 Uhde Gmbh Schlackeaustrag aus Reaktor zur Synthesegasgewinnung
DE102017219777A1 (de) 2017-11-07 2019-05-09 Thyssenkrupp Ag Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Vergasen von Einsatzstoffen und zum Bereitstellen der vergasten Einsatzstoffe als Bodenprodukt und Synthesegas sowie Verwendung

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US4328006A (en) * 1979-05-30 1982-05-04 Texaco Development Corporation Apparatus for the production of cleaned and cooled synthesis gas
CH661054A5 (de) * 1981-10-23 1987-06-30 Sulzer Ag Gaskuehler an synthesegasgenerator.
US4852997A (en) * 1987-10-05 1989-08-01 Shell Oil Company Slag water bath process

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104174346A (zh) * 2013-05-27 2014-12-03 任相坤 一种液体残渣的成型工艺及成型装置
CN104174346B (zh) * 2013-05-27 2016-01-20 任相坤 一种液体残渣的成型工艺及成型装置
CN111826206A (zh) * 2019-04-15 2020-10-27 乔治洛德方法研究和开发液化空气有限公司 在线控制造渣气化工艺的方法和用于气化工艺的设备
CN111826206B (zh) * 2019-04-15 2024-05-14 乔治洛德方法研究和开发液化空气有限公司 在线控制造渣气化工艺的方法和用于气化工艺的设备

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PL289204A1 (en) 1992-02-24
EP0452653A1 (de) 1991-10-23
DE59101973D1 (de) 1994-07-28
ZA911433B (en) 1993-02-24
CN1036855C (zh) 1997-12-31
DK0452653T3 (da) 1994-10-31
PL164926B1 (pl) 1994-10-31

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