CN105575377B - 弦乐的腔体式拾音单元 - Google Patents

弦乐的腔体式拾音单元 Download PDF

Info

Publication number
CN105575377B
CN105575377B CN201610115709.5A CN201610115709A CN105575377B CN 105575377 B CN105575377 B CN 105575377B CN 201610115709 A CN201610115709 A CN 201610115709A CN 105575377 B CN105575377 B CN 105575377B
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
cavity
pickup
pickup unit
sound
string
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
CN201610115709.5A
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
CN105575377A (zh
Inventor
许昌义
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Xin Fuda Machinery Co., Ltd. of Dongtai City
Original Assignee
Xin Fuda Machinery Co Ltd Of Dongtai City
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Xin Fuda Machinery Co Ltd Of Dongtai City filed Critical Xin Fuda Machinery Co Ltd Of Dongtai City
Priority to CN201610115709.5A priority Critical patent/CN105575377B/zh
Publication of CN105575377A publication Critical patent/CN105575377A/zh
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CN105575377B publication Critical patent/CN105575377B/zh
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Images

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10H—ELECTROPHONIC MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; INSTRUMENTS IN WHICH THE TONES ARE GENERATED BY ELECTROMECHANICAL MEANS OR ELECTRONIC GENERATORS, OR IN WHICH THE TONES ARE SYNTHESISED FROM A DATA STORE
    • G10H3/00—Instruments in which the tones are generated by electromechanical means
    • G10H3/12—Instruments in which the tones are generated by electromechanical means using mechanical resonant generators, e.g. strings or percussive instruments, the tones of which are picked up by electromechanical transducers, the electrical signals being further manipulated or amplified and subsequently converted to sound by a loudspeaker or equivalent instrument
    • G10H3/125—Extracting or recognising the pitch or fundamental frequency of the picked up signal
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10H—ELECTROPHONIC MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; INSTRUMENTS IN WHICH THE TONES ARE GENERATED BY ELECTROMECHANICAL MEANS OR ELECTRONIC GENERATORS, OR IN WHICH THE TONES ARE SYNTHESISED FROM A DATA STORE
    • G10H1/00—Details of electrophonic musical instruments
    • G10H1/32—Constructional details
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10H—ELECTROPHONIC MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; INSTRUMENTS IN WHICH THE TONES ARE GENERATED BY ELECTROMECHANICAL MEANS OR ELECTRONIC GENERATORS, OR IN WHICH THE TONES ARE SYNTHESISED FROM A DATA STORE
    • G10H3/00—Instruments in which the tones are generated by electromechanical means
    • G10H3/12—Instruments in which the tones are generated by electromechanical means using mechanical resonant generators, e.g. strings or percussive instruments, the tones of which are picked up by electromechanical transducers, the electrical signals being further manipulated or amplified and subsequently converted to sound by a loudspeaker or equivalent instrument
    • G10H3/14—Instruments in which the tones are generated by electromechanical means using mechanical resonant generators, e.g. strings or percussive instruments, the tones of which are picked up by electromechanical transducers, the electrical signals being further manipulated or amplified and subsequently converted to sound by a loudspeaker or equivalent instrument using mechanically actuated vibrators with pick-up means
    • G10H3/18—Instruments in which the tones are generated by electromechanical means using mechanical resonant generators, e.g. strings or percussive instruments, the tones of which are picked up by electromechanical transducers, the electrical signals being further manipulated or amplified and subsequently converted to sound by a loudspeaker or equivalent instrument using mechanically actuated vibrators with pick-up means using a string, e.g. electric guitar
    • G10H3/181—Details of pick-up assemblies
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10H—ELECTROPHONIC MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; INSTRUMENTS IN WHICH THE TONES ARE GENERATED BY ELECTROMECHANICAL MEANS OR ELECTRONIC GENERATORS, OR IN WHICH THE TONES ARE SYNTHESISED FROM A DATA STORE
    • G10H3/00—Instruments in which the tones are generated by electromechanical means
    • G10H3/12—Instruments in which the tones are generated by electromechanical means using mechanical resonant generators, e.g. strings or percussive instruments, the tones of which are picked up by electromechanical transducers, the electrical signals being further manipulated or amplified and subsequently converted to sound by a loudspeaker or equivalent instrument
    • G10H3/14—Instruments in which the tones are generated by electromechanical means using mechanical resonant generators, e.g. strings or percussive instruments, the tones of which are picked up by electromechanical transducers, the electrical signals being further manipulated or amplified and subsequently converted to sound by a loudspeaker or equivalent instrument using mechanically actuated vibrators with pick-up means
    • G10H3/18—Instruments in which the tones are generated by electromechanical means using mechanical resonant generators, e.g. strings or percussive instruments, the tones of which are picked up by electromechanical transducers, the electrical signals being further manipulated or amplified and subsequently converted to sound by a loudspeaker or equivalent instrument using mechanically actuated vibrators with pick-up means using a string, e.g. electric guitar
    • G10H3/186—Means for processing the signal picked up from the strings

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Electrophonic Musical Instruments (AREA)
  • Stringed Musical Instruments (AREA)

Abstract

弦乐的腔体式拾音单元，弦乐的拾音单元为腔体形结构，腔体内安置有拾音器，腔体的一面与琴弦固定在一起，对应的另一面与琴体固定在一起，腔体是弹性材料或者部分材料是弹性材料制作的。腔体结构分为上下二个部分，与琴弦固定在一起的为腔体上部，与琴体固定在一起的为腔体下部。腔体上部有琴码，弹性圈或封垫。腔体下部的腔内安装有拾音器。琴码的底面直接作为腔体的上封面，拾音器的拾音面直接作为腔体的下封面，与弹性圈及琴码座共同的围出腔体。弦乐的腔体式拾音单元，给拾音器创造出一个不受外界干扰的封闭空间，能选择标准的拾音器，能让拾音器最大限度的发挥灵敏度、音量、音质的特性。让普通弦乐达到高端的音质，极大的提高弦乐的性价比。

Description

弦乐的腔体式拾音单元
技术领域
本发明涉及弦乐，尤其是“弦乐的腔体式拾音单元”，是针对胡琴、吉他、提琴、琵琶等弦乐的现有拾音方式，提出一种全新的弦乐封闭式的拾音方法，并提出具体的电声二胡及电声提琴作为案例。
背景技术
电声弦乐中最常见的一种拾音方式是，将话筒用夹子安装有弦乐的共鸣箱旁边，这种方式是所有的声音都被放大了。中国专利申请： 200620014595.7《乐器拾音器》，就是这种使用最多的带夹子的拾音器，这种拾音方式是在一个开放的空间拾音，环境中什么声音都被它拾取放大，不能突出人们希望放大的乐器的音量，也不能改善乐器的音质。电声弦乐发展最好当属电声吉他，它的拾音方式主要有，在琴弦的下方安置磁感线圈作为拾音器，为非标准的专用拾音器，这种方式音质较好，但是信号弱小，需要加前置放大器再将信号送如音箱，还需要含铁高的金属琴弦，很多种类的高档弦不能用。还有一种是在琴码的下面安置压电陶瓷元件作为拾音器，也属于专用拾音器，这种方式音质较差，信号很小，需要加前置放大器再将信号送如音箱，对琴弦的材料没什么要求。上面这些弦乐的拾音方法都存在很多的不足，有的甚至在研究专用的拾音器和信号放大器，而现有的标准拾音器、高品质的拾音器都没能安装在弦乐上，都没能在电声弦乐中发挥作用。
发明内容
为了寻找更好完美的弦乐拾音方法，本发明力求提供一种弦乐的腔体式拾音单元，能让各种通用的、标准的拾音器用在各种弦乐上。
本发明解决其技术问题所采用的技术方案是：弦乐的腔体式拾音单元，弦乐的拾音单元为腔体形结构，腔体内安置有拾音器，腔体的一端与琴弦固定在一起，另一端与琴体固定在一起，腔体是弹性材料或者部分材料是弹性材料制作的。腔体结构分为上下二个部分，与琴弦固定在一起的为腔体上部，与琴体固定在一起的为腔体下部。腔体上部有琴码，弹性圈或封垫。腔体下部的腔内安装有拾音器。弦乐的腔体式拾音单元的工作原理是，腔体的厚外壳，能阻隔腔体外的声波，而琴弦的振动力能使腔体发生变形。当琴弦振动时，带动固定有琴码一端的弹性腔体振动，而腔体的对应端因琴体的制约和反作用力，振动力就会挤压腔体，引起腔体的弹性变形，变形的腔体内产生气流或声波，腔体内的拾音器能接收到，再将接收到的琴弦振动信号转化成音频信号输出。腔体式拾音单元可以用同种弹性的材料制作成一个整体式的，但是为了能适应不同种形状的乐器，能方便的选择不同类型的拾音器，分体的、可拆装的腔体式拾音单元更实用。弹性圈或封垫也可以不要，但是拾音效果就差点。
本发明的有益效果是，与现有的弦乐的拾音方法相比，弦乐的腔体式拾音单元，给拾音器创造出一个不受外界干扰的封闭空间，选择性的拾取来自琴弦的信号。能选配各种标准的拾音器，甚至是选择顶级的拾音器，结构简单安装方便。能让拾音器最大限度的发挥灵敏度、音量、音质的特性。带有腔体式拾音单元的弦乐，对音箱的要求不是很高，用低档价廉的放音机也能得到较大的音量和较好的音质，对普及电声弦乐有非常大的意义。弦乐的腔体式拾音单元的拾音方法能达到目前国际一流的水平，能配高品质的拾音器，极大的提高了弦乐的性价比。比如，二胡或小提琴因受材料及制作工艺的限制，顶级音质的几乎是可遇不可求，而配有腔体式拾音单元的二胡或小提琴，其声音通过电声的美化，都能达到灵敏度高，手感好，音质好的高档乐器效果。
附图说明
图1电声二胡的腔体式拾音单元示意图。
图2电声二胡的腔体式拾音单元半剖示意图。
图3小提琴的腔体式拾音单元示意图。
图4小提琴的腔体式拾音单元分解示意图。
图5带腔体式拾音单元的电声二胡示意图。
图6带腔体式拾音单元的电声二胡分解示意图。
在图1中，1.琴码、 2. 弹性圈、3.琴码座、4.拾音器、5.腔体、6.琴体、7.琴杆、8.封垫、9.拾音插座。
具体实施方式
图1与图2是电声二胡的腔体式拾音单元，也是弦乐的腔体式拾音单元的基本原理及结构图，图中的腔体式拾音单元就是一个壳体很厚的腔体，腔体的一端与琴弦固定在一起，另一端与琴体固定在一起，腔体是在琴弦与琴体之间。弹性圈2和琴码1组成为上部腔体。下部腔体为琴码座3，琴码座3要安置在琴体上，拾音器4安装在琴码座3的腔体5内，拾音器4是体积小巧的驻极体咪头。下部腔体固定在琴体上，琴弦压在琴码1上。图2中琴码1的底面直接作为腔体5的上封面，拾音器4的拾音面直接作为腔体5的下封面，与弹性圈2及琴码座3共同的围出腔体5，如果将这些零件粘为一体，就成为整体的腔体式拾音单元，也可选用同种弹性材料制作整体的腔体式拾音单元。可采用O型橡胶圈作为弹性圈2，弹性及密封性都很好。
图3及图4小提琴的腔体式拾音单元示意图，整个拾音单元正好就是一个普通小提琴琴码的高低，不用对标准的琴体作任何的改进，只要更换在原有琴码的位置，就变成了一个电声小提琴。拾音单元旁边还配备了拾音插座9，可方便将信号连接到音箱。为了获得较好的音质，拾音器4采用的是体积较大的动圈式咪头。弹性圈2、封垫8和琴码1组成为上部腔体，上部腔体也可以称为腔体盖板。下部腔体为琴码座3，拾音器4安装在琴码座3的腔体5内。琴码受到琴弦的振动时能让封垫8局部产生变形，能让弹性圈2上下随着变形，变形会引起腔体5内部的气流和声波，拾音器4能接收这些信号。弹性圈2材料的软硬及厚薄，还有封垫8的大小及材料对音质的影响料较大。腔体如密封的太紧，反而拾音器的振片不灵敏。吉他与提琴都是多弦，吉他的腔体式拾音单元结构基本与小提琴的一样，只是琴码的形状不一样。
图5及图6带腔体式拾音单元的电声二胡示意图，弹性圈2和琴码1组成为上部腔体。下部腔体为琴码座3固定在琴体6上，琴体6也是二胡的共鸣箱，共鸣箱上安装有琴杆7，拾音器4安装在腔体5内，拾音器4是采用高档的电容话筒。下部腔体固定在琴体上，电声二胡的琴体可以是共鸣箱也可以是不能发音的实体结构。琴弦压在琴码1上。当琴弦振动时，带动上腔体振动，而下腔体因琴体的制约和反作用力，会让中间的腔体发生变形，会引起弹性圈2弹性变形，变形在腔体5内形成气流或声波，腔体内拾音器4的振动膜也会随着振动，从而达到拾音器5接收到琴弦振动并转化成音频信号输出。

Claims (1)

1.弦乐的腔体式拾音单元，电声拉弦乐器都带有拾音器，其特征是：弦乐的拾音单元为腔体形结构，腔体内安置有拾音器，弦乐的拾音单元的腔体是上面的琴码及下面的拾音器围成的空腔，腔体的一端的琴码与琴弦固定在一起，腔体的另一端的拾音器与琴体固定在一起；腔体是弹性材料或者部分材料是弹性材料制作的；腔体结构分为上下二个部分，与琴弦固定在一起的为腔体上部，与琴体固定在一起的为腔体下部；腔体上部有琴码，弹性圈或封垫；弹性圈或封垫在琴码与上腔体之间；腔体下部的腔内安装有拾音器。
CN201610115709.5A 2016-03-02 2016-03-02 弦乐的腔体式拾音单元 Active CN105575377B (zh)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201610115709.5A CN105575377B (zh) 2016-03-02 2016-03-02 弦乐的腔体式拾音单元

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201610115709.5A CN105575377B (zh) 2016-03-02 2016-03-02 弦乐的腔体式拾音单元

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN105575377A CN105575377A (zh) 2016-05-11
CN105575377B true CN105575377B (zh) 2020-02-07

Family

ID=55885434

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN201610115709.5A Active CN105575377B (zh) 2016-03-02 2016-03-02 弦乐的腔体式拾音单元

Country Status (1)

Country Link
CN (1) CN105575377B (zh)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106560890B (zh) * 2017-01-03 2020-05-22 温州青苗影视传媒有限公司 弦乐的隔振式拾音单元
CN109257669A (zh) * 2017-07-14 2019-01-22 许昌义 混合式多功能拾音头
CN111210682A (zh) * 2020-03-06 2020-05-29 占建峰 一种具备识音系统的乐器

Family Cites Families (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP4363270B2 (ja) * 2004-07-13 2009-11-11 ヤマハ株式会社 ピックアップ付き駒および弦楽器
CN2884418Y (zh) * 2005-12-29 2007-03-28 冯一 助兴小喇叭
CN101344996B (zh) * 2007-07-10 2010-06-16 洛阳师范学院 一种拉弦乐电子辅助教学系统
JP2009288317A (ja) * 2008-05-27 2009-12-10 Roland Corp ピックアップ装置および電気弦楽器
CN201957234U (zh) * 2011-01-18 2011-08-31 嘉兴市金利达电子有限公司 一种振动音腔
CN203300211U (zh) * 2013-06-14 2013-11-20 包福全 蒙古族电声四胡
CN204117588U (zh) * 2014-09-26 2015-01-21 内蒙古民族大学 一种无声马头琴
CN204834010U (zh) * 2015-07-06 2015-12-02 梁志辉 胡琴琴码

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN105575377A (zh) 2016-05-11

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
CN105575377B (zh) 弦乐的腔体式拾音单元
CN102667915A (zh) 原声、电子兼用小提琴类弦乐器
CN209526837U (zh) 一种骨声纹传感器及电子设备
CN209526861U (zh) 一种骨声纹传感器及电子设备
CN201294088Y (zh) 打击乐器拾音装置
CN106560890B (zh) 弦乐的隔振式拾音单元
KR100785803B1 (ko) 판 스프링 구조를 갖는 초소형 마이크로 폰, 스피커 및이를 이용한 음성 인식／합성장치
CN205595061U (zh) 弦乐的腔体式拾音单元
CN206226721U (zh) 一种扬声器扩音机构
CN204031447U (zh) 金属化压电薄膜粘贴型高灵敏度乐器拾音器
CN101754075A (zh) 扬声器改良结构
CN209120466U (zh) 一种骨传导振子
CN207235107U (zh) 一种具有膜片的电声换能器
CN206226727U (zh) 一种扬声器组装盘架
CN201708921U (zh) 动芯式音频换能器
KR100959763B1 (ko) 압전스피커
CN201290174Y (zh) 弹片式扬声器
CN207410521U (zh) 一种自动识别厂商id扬声器
CN204721600U (zh) 扬声器
CN201629139U (zh) 一种琴筝拾音器
KR20130042096A (ko) 자성체를 이용하여 고정하는 현악기용 피에조 픽업
CN210137439U (zh) 一种具有超薄振动系统的扬声器
CN210725322U (zh) 一种能提升高音频响的扬声器
CN201267013Y (zh) 一种打击乐器拾音器及打击乐器
CN210725323U (zh) 一种能有效防水的高频扬声器

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
C06 Publication
PB01 Publication
C10 Entry into substantive examination
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
TA01 Transfer of patent application right
TA01 Transfer of patent application right

Effective date of registration: 20191204

Address after: 224200, Zhenxing Road, Dongtai Economic Development Zone, Jiangsu, Yancheng City 14, China

Applicant after: Xin Fuda Machinery Co., Ltd. of Dongtai City

Address before: 443002, Hubei, Yichang province Gezhouba Dam Materials Corporation retirement office, Yang Shunhua turn

Applicant before: Xu Changyi

GR01 Patent grant
GR01 Patent grant