CN105572799B - A kind of method and device for realizing the focal intensities regulation and control of surface phasmon longitudinal direction - Google Patents
A kind of method and device for realizing the focal intensities regulation and control of surface phasmon longitudinal direction Download PDFInfo
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- CN105572799B CN105572799B CN201610157083.4A CN201610157083A CN105572799B CN 105572799 B CN105572799 B CN 105572799B CN 201610157083 A CN201610157083 A CN 201610157083A CN 105572799 B CN105572799 B CN 105572799B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/10—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
- G02B6/12—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind
- G02B6/122—Basic optical elements, e.g. light-guiding paths
- G02B6/1226—Basic optical elements, e.g. light-guiding paths involving surface plasmon interaction
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of methods for realizing the focal intensities regulation and control of surface phasmon longitudinal direction, and several grooves in primitive shape are opened up in metal surface, and groove is transversely distributed, and form groove array at least one row in longitudinal direction；Light irradiates groove array from the direction perpendicular to metal surface, and the surface phasmon focus of genesis analysis is generated in metal surface；The combination of all groove arrays is traversed, retrieval obtains the particular groove array with specific longitudinal focal intensities distribution, realizes longitudinal focal intensities regulation and control.The present invention can obtain the focus distribution and luminous intensity of different requirements by the combination of change groove array, realize the focal intensities regulation and control of surface phasmon longitudinal direction.The peculiar property of surface phasmon is highly suitable for the two-dimensional device that metal surface prepares microsize, and the longitudinal strength regulation and control of light field are realized based on surface phasmon, and the miniaturization and planarization that are very beneficial for device is integrated.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to optical fields, more specifically to a kind of realization surface phasmon longitudinal direction focal intensities tune
The method of control, and realize the device of surface phasmon longitudinal direction focal intensities regulation and control.
Background technology
Surface phasmon SPP (Surface Plasmon Polariton) is a kind of local on medium/metal surface
Electromagnetic field surface modes, its main feature is that electromagnetic field intensity exponential damping on the direction perpendicular to metal surface；And to be more than
The wave number of same frequency photon is propagated along metal surface in medium.It under certain condition, can be real between light and surface phasmon
Existing energy conversion.Light is manipulated in the range of micron or even nanoscale using surface phasmon.
The regulation and control (along the direction of propagation) (such as obtain the coke of longitudinal multifocal or overlength to the focus strength of realization light beam along longitudinal direction
There is important application in fields such as bio-imaging, particle-capture, data storage, photoetching and laser processings deeply).
To realize that the longitudinal direction of focus strength regulates and controls on traditional optical, lens are generally required, and be arranged in entrance pupil position
Optical mask plate is modulated the phase and intensity of incident beam, therefore is unfavorable for the integrated of device.Sometimes even also
Radial polarisation (radially polarized) or rotation direction is needed to polarize the incident wavefront of (azimuthally polarized),
The light beam of this non-uniform polarisation generally cannot be exported directly from traditional laser, need additional polarization to regulate and control device, such as
Spatial light modulator, therefore it is higher to implement cost.
Invention content
It is an object of the invention to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and provide a kind of miniaturization being conducive to device and planar sets
At the method for the surface phasmon longitudinal direction focal intensities regulation and control of change, and realize the focal intensities regulation and control of surface phasmon longitudinal direction
Device.
Technical scheme is as follows：
A method of it realizing the focal intensities regulation and control of surface phasmon longitudinal direction, is opened up in primitive shape in metal surface
Several grooves, groove are transversely distributed, and form groove array at least one row in longitudinal direction；Light is from perpendicular to gold
Groove array is irradiated in the direction of metal surface, and the surface phasmon focus of genesis analysis is generated in metal surface；It traverses all recessed
The combination of slot array, retrieval obtain the particular groove array with specific longitudinal focal intensities distribution, realize longitudinal focal intensities
Regulation and control.
Preferably, being that z-axis establishes coordinate system for y-axis, direction of illumination using longitudinal direction as x-axis, transverse direction, each groove is along x-axis
The difference of position, phase distribution of the regulation and control exciting field in x-axis.
Preferably, the x coordinate of groove is：X (k)=k λSPP/ N, wherein λSPPIt is the wavelength of surface phasmon, N is
Phase exponent number, k=0,1,2 ..., N-1.
Preferably, the surface phasmon excited from each groove has and the relevant initial phase of its x coordinate, as long as
Each groove excite (light source is the position that plane wave or metal surface are located at waist of Gaussian beam) by same phase, then initial phase with
The x coordinates of groove are related.
Preferably, each groove specific site position on the metal surfaceTribute to surface phasmon electric field
It offers as ∫ ESPPDy, integral spread entire groove in the y-direction；
Wherein, ESPPFor the electric field of surface phasmon point source, A is the amplitude of incident light, ksppAnd kzRespectively surface etc.
From the wave vector of excimer in metal surface and along the z-axis direction, ω is the circular frequency of incident light, and L is surface phasmon electric field
Spread length, H1 (1)For first kind Hankel functions, i is imaginary unit；
Specific site position on metal surfaceSurface phasmon intensity be all surface phasmon point source
Coherent superposition；If the width of groove is w, a length of Δ y, and sets ∫ ESPPDy and ESPPΔ y is equal.
Preferably, the step of retrieval particular groove array, is as follows：
1) assign each one random x coordinate of groove, give initial high-temperature T0, then Calculation Estimation function f (x1,
X2 ...), obtain value f1；
2) groove is randomly selected, it is random to change groove x coordinate x (k)=k λSPP/ N, i.e. k take 0,1,2 at random ..., N-
Then different value between 1 recalculates the evaluation function value f2 after changing；
3) (if Δ f=f2-f1)<0, then above-mentioned position change received；Otherwise by exp (- Δ f/T) be distributed in
One random number in (0,1) section compares, if exp (- Δ f/T) is greatly, receives above-mentioned position change；Otherwise holding position
It is constant；It is then back to step 2)；Wherein, T is temperature parameter, value (0,10] section；
4) step 2) and step 3) P time are repeated under initial high-temperature so that at this temperature, evaluation function, which reaches heat, puts down
Weighing apparatus；
5) temperature is reduced with default rule, at next temperature, repeats step 2) to step 4)；
6) circulation step 1) to step 5), it is less than 1 until the groove received under Current Temperatures changes number；It is then most at this time
Excellent particular groove array.
Preferably, in step 4), it is segmented with T, works as T>When 0.1, P=250；When 0.01<T<When 0.1, p=500；Work as T
<When 0.01, P=1000.To in the case that calculate the time be not it is too long of ensure each temperature under evaluation function can be big
Body reaches thermal balance.
Preferably, in step 5), the rule for reducing temperature is Tn+1=α TnWherein, TnFor Current Temperatures, Tn+1It is next
A temperature, α are coefficient of temperature drop, and value is in (0,1) section.
Preferably, evaluation function f is specially：
Wherein, J is the total number to form focus, IjIt is the luminous intensity of j-th of focus, I0jIt is in focus IjThe side y at place
To on straight line, with the summation of the sampled point intensity of light of certain regular distribution.
A kind of device for realizing the focal intensities regulation and control of surface phasmon longitudinal direction, opens up in metal surface in primitive shape
Several grooves, groove are transversely distributed, and form groove array at least one row in longitudinal direction；Light is from perpendicular to gold
Groove array is irradiated in the direction of metal surface, and the surface phasmon focus of genesis analysis is generated in metal surface；By described
Method obtains the particular groove array with specific longitudinal focal intensities distribution.
Beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows：
The method and device of the present invention for realizing the focal intensities regulation and control of surface phasmon longitudinal direction, by metal watch
Groove array is arranged in face, obtains longitudinal focus distribution, it can be achieved that discrete multiple focuses or several focuses are connected and to be formed
Light belt.And by the combination for changing groove array, the focus distribution and luminous intensity of different requirements can be obtained, realizes surface etc.
Regulate and control from excimer longitudinal direction focal intensities.The peculiar property of surface phasmon is highly suitable for metal surface and prepares microsize
Two-dimensional device, based on surface phasmon come realize light field longitudinal strength regulation and control, by be very beneficial for device miniaturization and
Planarization is integrated.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the principle of the present invention schematic diagram；
Fig. 2 is the sampling schematic diagram of the luminous intensity of groove array and focus；
Fig. 3 is the optimal groove array schematic diagram for generating two focuses；
Fig. 4 is the two-dimensional intensity distribution schematic diagram of two near focal points；
Fig. 5 is the optimal groove array schematic diagram for generating three focuses；
Fig. 6 is the two-dimensional intensity distribution schematic diagram of three near focal points；
Fig. 7 is the optimal groove array schematic diagram for generating Diode laser focus；
Fig. 8 is the two-dimensional intensity distribution schematic diagram of Diode laser near focal point.
Specific implementation mode
The present invention is further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
The present invention solve the prior art to longitudinal focal intensities regulated and controled existing for it is complicated for operation, cost of implementation is high etc.
Deficiency provides a kind of method for realizing the focal intensities regulation and control of surface phasmon longitudinal direction, and accomplished surface phasmon is vertical
The device regulated and controled to focal intensities.As shown in Figure 1, opening up several grooves in primitive shape in metal surface, groove is transversely
Distribution, and in longitudinal direction groove array is formed at least one row；Light irradiates groove from the direction perpendicular to metal surface
Array generates the surface phasmon focus of genesis analysis in metal surface；The combination of all groove arrays is traversed, retrieval obtains
Particular groove array with specific longitudinal focal intensities distribution, realizes longitudinal focal intensities regulation and control.
Under the irradiation of incident beam, groove by as scattering source by the energy coupling of incident beam at surface phasmon
And it is propagated in metal interface.Obviously, the intensity distribution of surface phasmon light field after coupling and the size of groove and position have
It closes.In order to realize that longitudinal regulation and control of focal intensities, the size and arrangement of groove array are as shown in Figure 2.Using longitudinal direction as x-axis, transverse direction
It is that z-axis establishes coordinate system for y-axis, direction of illumination, it is first in x-axis to have regulated and controled exciting field along the difference of x-axis position for each groove
Phase distribution.If the width of groove is w, a length of Δ y, then the x coordinate of groove is：X=k λSPP/ N, wherein λSPPIt is surface etc. from swashing
The wavelength of member, N is phase exponent number, k=0,1,2 ..., N-1.For example, the x coordinates of groove can only be 0 and-λ when N=2SPP/ 2,
Corresponding initial phase is 0 and π；As N=3, x coordinate can only be 0 ,-λSPP/ 3 and -2 λSPP/ 3, initial phase is respectively 0,2 π/3
With 4 π/3.Wherein, the bigger precision for representing phase regulation and control of N is higher, but device architecture is also more complicated.When what is polarized in the x-direction
When incident light vertical (the edge directions-z) is irradiated on metal surface, the surface phasmon excited from each groove has and it
The relevant initial phase of x coordinates.
The groove of each dot structure specific site position on metal surface (z=0)To surface phasmon
The contribution of electric field is ∫ ESPPdy；Here it integrates and spreads entire groove in the y-direction.It is provided by following expression；
Wherein, ESPPFor the electric field of surface phasmon point source, A is the amplitude of incident light, ksppAnd kzRespectively surface etc.
From the wave vector of excimer in metal surface and along the z-axis direction, ω is the circular frequency of incident light, and L is surface phasmon electric field
Spread length, H1 (1)For first kind Hankel functions, i is imaginary unit.
Specific site position on metal surfaceSurface phasmon intensity be all surface phasmon point source
Coherent superposition after the amplitude and phase for considering them.Therefore, as soon as after the distribution of given groove array, gold can be provided
The surface phasmon field strength of any point on film.Actually when Δ y very littles, ∫ E can be setSPPDy and ESPPΔ y is equal.I.e.
Think in groove array, the field strength that each surface phasmon point source generates is equal.Under the setting, precision is enough and counts
Speed is calculated far faster than integral, structure optimization is done for introducing numerical algorithm below and provides possibility.
It is L for lengthiSurface phasmon device, contain M=L altogetheriThe groove of y dot structure of/Δ, note
The x coordinate of i-th groove (i=1,2 ... M) is xi=k λSPP/ N, wherein k=0,1 ..., N-1.To have kind of a N altogetherMDifferent
Groove array combines, so as to generate NMThe different structure of kind.In order to from this NMIn kind of structure select it is desired have it is specific
The groove array of longitudinal strength distribution, needs the structure different to this N kind to retrieve, obtains globally optimal solution, the present invention adopts
Optimal groove array is solved with such as getting off, steps are as follows：
1) each one random x coordinate of groove is assigned, initial high-temperature T=T0 (such as T0=10) is given, then calculates and comments
Valence function f (x1, x2 ...), obtain value f1；Wherein, the functional form of f is distributed by the target longitudinal strength wanted to determine
It is fixed；
2) groove is randomly selected, it is random to change groove x coordinate xi=k λSPP/ N, i.e. k take 0,1,2 at random ..., N-1
Between different value, then recalculate the evaluation function value f2 after changing；
3) (if Δ f=f2-f1)<0, then above-mentioned position change received；Otherwise by exp (- Δ f/T) be distributed in
One random number in (0,1) section compares, if exp (- Δ f/T) is greatly, receives above-mentioned position change；Otherwise holding position
It is constant；It is then back to step 2)；Wherein, T is temperature parameter, value (0,10] section；
4) step 2) and step 3) P times are repeated at initial high-temperature T=T0=10 so that at this temperature, evaluation function
Reach thermal balance；It in the present embodiment, is segmented with T, works as T>When 0.1, P=250；When 0.01<T1<When 0.1, p=500；Work as T<
When 0.01, P=1000.To in the case that calculate the time be not it is too long of ensure each temperature under evaluation function can be big
Body reaches thermal balance；To in the case that calculate the time be not it is too long of ensure each temperature under evaluation function can substantially reach
To thermal balance；
5) temperature is reduced with default rule, at next temperature, repeats step 2) to step 4)；Reduce the rule of temperature
It is then Tn+1=α Tn, wherein TnFor Current Temperatures, Tn+1For next temperature, α is coefficient of temperature drop, and value is in (0,1) section；This
In embodiment, α=0.9；
6) circulation step 1) to step 5), it is less than 1 until the groove received under Current Temperatures changes number；It is then most at this time
Excellent particular groove array.
In the present invention, evaluation function f is specially：
Wherein, J is the total number to form focus, IjIt is the luminous intensity of j-th of focus, I0jIt is in focus IjPosition edge
With the summation of the sampled point intensity of light of certain regular distribution on the straight line of the directions y.
The present invention also provides a kind of devices for realizing the focal intensities regulation and control of surface phasmon longitudinal direction, are opened up in metal surface
In several grooves of primitive shape, groove is transversely distributed, and forms groove array at least one row in longitudinal direction；Light
Line irradiates groove array from perpendicular to the direction of metal, generates the focus of genesis analysis；By the method, obtaining has spy
The particular groove array of fixed longitudinal direction focal intensities distribution.
As follows to generate two, for three focuses and Diode laser focus：
1, axial two focuses are generated
For wavelength XSPPThe surface phasmon of=813.5nm, at (x=11 μm, y=0) and (x=18 μm, y=0)
Generate two equal strength focuses.For this purpose, taking Δ y=300nm, w=λSPP/ 2=406.75nm, N=2, M=80, therefore Li=24
μm, device architecture is symmetrical above and below.The functional form of f takes：I1And I2It is the light intensity of focal point respectively
Degree, I01And I02It is on x=11 μm and x=18 μm of two straight line, from y=-18 μm to 18 μm, with interval delta s=respectively
The summation of all sampled point intensity of light of 600nm distributions, as shown in Figure 2.In order to enable the focal intensities arrived are equal as possible, take
It is best as a result, optimal groove array is as shown in figure 3, near focal point two-dimensional intensity distribution is as shown in Figure 4 after 30 suboptimization.
2, axial three focuses are generated
For wavelength XSPPThe surface phasmon of=813.5nm, in (x=8 μm, y=0), (x=13 μm, y=0) and (x
=18 μm, y=0) at generate three equal strength focuses.For this purpose, taking Δ y=300nm, w=λSPP/ 2=406.75nm, N=2, M
=80, therefore Li=24 μm, device architecture is symmetrical above and below.The functional form of f takes：I1、
I2And I3It is the luminous intensity of focal point, I respectively01、I02And I03It is on x=8 μm, 13 μm and 18 μm three straight lines, from y respectively
=-18 μm to 18 μm, with the summation of all sampled point intensity of light of interval delta s=600nm distributions.In order to enable the coke arrived
Point intensity is equal as possible, takes best as a result, optimal groove array is as shown in figure 5, near focal point two-dimensional intensity after 30 suboptimization
Distribution is as shown in Figure 6.
3, axial Diode laser focus is generated
For wavelength XSPPThe surface phasmon of=813.5nm generates the focus of an overlength depth of focus.For this purpose, taking Δ y
=300nm, N=4, M=80, therefore Li=16 μm, device architecture is symmetrical above and below.The functional form of f takes：It is on y=0 μm respectively, from x=15,18 ..., 42 μm (with 3 μm for interval) arrange
10 focal intensities.I01,I02,…,I10It is on x=15 μm, 18 μm ... 42 μm of 10 straight lines, from y=-18 μm to 18 respectively
μm, with the summation of all sampled point intensity of light of interval delta s=600nm distributions.The directions focus x half are taken after taking 100 suboptimization
High overall with it is maximum as a result, optimal groove array as shown in fig. 7, near focal point two-dimensional intensity distribution as shown in figure 8, its half Gao Quan
It is wide to reach 24 λSPP, about 20 microns.
Above-described embodiment is intended merely to illustrate the present invention, and is not used as limitation of the invention.As long as according to this hair
Bright technical spirit is changed above-described embodiment, modification etc. will all be fallen in the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of method for realizing the regulation and control of surface phasmon longitudinal direction focal intensities, which is characterized in that opened up in metal surface and be in
Several grooves of primitive shape, groove are transversely distributed, and form groove array at least one row in longitudinal direction；Light
Groove array is irradiated from the direction perpendicular to metal surface, the surface phasmon focus of genesis analysis is generated in metal surface；
The combination of all groove arrays is traversed, retrieval obtains the particular groove array with specific longitudinal focal intensities distribution, realizes vertical
Regulate and control to focal intensities.
2. the method according to claim 1 for realizing the focal intensities regulation and control of surface phasmon longitudinal direction, which is characterized in that with
It is longitudinal be x-axis, be laterally y-axis, direction of illumination is that z-axis establishes coordinate system, the difference of each groove position along the x-axis direction regulates and controls
First phase bit distribution of the exciting field in x-axis.
3. the method according to claim 2 for realizing the focal intensities regulation and control of surface phasmon longitudinal direction, which is characterized in that recessed
The x coordinate of slot is：X (k)=k λSPP/ N, wherein λSPPIt is the wavelength of surface phasmon, N is phase exponent number, k=0,1,
2,…,N-1。
4. the method according to claim 3 for realizing the focal intensities regulation and control of surface phasmon longitudinal direction, which is characterized in that from
The surface phasmon of each groove excitation has and the relevant initial phase of its x coordinate.
5. the method according to claim 2 for realizing the focal intensities regulation and control of surface phasmon longitudinal direction, which is characterized in that every
A groove specific site position on the metal surfaceContribution to surface phasmon electric field is ∫ ESPPDy is integrated along y
Direction spreads entire groove；
Wherein, ESPPFor the electric field of surface phasmon point source, A is the amplitude of incident light, ksppAnd kzRespectively surface phasmon
Wave vector in metal surface and along the z-axis direction, ω are the circular frequency of incident light, and L is that the propagation of surface phasmon electric field is grown
Degree, H1 (1)For first kind Hankel functions, i is imaginary unit；
Specific site position on metal surfaceSurface phasmon intensity be all surface phasmon point source phase
Dry superposition；If the width of groove is w, a length of Δ y, and sets ∫ ESPPDy and ESPPΔ y is equal.
6. the method according to claim 3 for realizing the focal intensities regulation and control of surface phasmon longitudinal direction, which is characterized in that inspection
The step of rope particular groove array, is as follows：
1) assign each one random x coordinate of groove, give initial high-temperature T=T0, then Calculation Estimation function f (x1,
X2 ...), obtain value f1；
2) groove is randomly selected, it is random to change groove x coordinate x (k)=k λSPP/ N, i.e. k take 0,1,2 at random ..., N-1 it
Between different value, then recalculate the evaluation function value f2 after changing；
3) (if Δ f=f2-f1)<0, then above-mentioned position change received；Otherwise it exp (- Δ f/T) and will be distributed in (0,1)
One random number in section compares, if exp (- Δ f/T) is greatly, receives above-mentioned position change；Otherwise holding position is constant；
It is then back to step 2)；Wherein, T is temperature parameter, value (0,10] section；
4) step 2) and step 3) P time are repeated at initial high-temperature T=T0 so that at this temperature, evaluation function, which reaches heat, puts down
Weighing apparatus；
5) temperature is reduced with default rule, at next temperature, repeats step 2) to step 4)；
6) circulation step 1) to step 5), it is less than 1 until the groove received under Current Temperatures changes number；It is then optimal at this time
Particular groove array.
7. the method according to claim 6 for realizing the focal intensities regulation and control of surface phasmon longitudinal direction, which is characterized in that step
It is rapid 4) in, be segmented with T, work as T>When 0.1, P=250；When 0.01<T<When 0.1, P=500；Work as T<When 0.01, P=1000；From
And in the case that calculate the time be not it is too long of ensure each temperature under evaluation function can substantially reach thermal balance.
8. the method according to claim 6 for realizing the focal intensities regulation and control of surface phasmon longitudinal direction, which is characterized in that step
It is rapid 5) in, reduce temperature rule be Tn+1=α TnWherein, TnFor Current Temperatures, Tn+1For next temperature, α is coefficient of temperature drop,
Value is in (0,1) section.
9. the method according to claim 6 for realizing the focal intensities regulation and control of surface phasmon longitudinal direction, which is characterized in that comment
Valence function f is specially：
Wherein, J is the total number to form focus, IjIt is the luminous intensity of j-th of focus, I0jIt is in focus IjPosition is in the y-direction
With the summation of the sampled point intensity of light of certain regular distribution on straight line.
10. a kind of device for realizing the regulation and control of surface phasmon longitudinal direction focal intensities, which is characterized in that opened up in metal surface and be in
Several grooves of primitive shape, groove are transversely distributed, and form groove array at least one row in longitudinal direction；Light
Groove array is irradiated from the direction perpendicular to metal surface, the surface phasmon focus of genesis analysis is generated in metal surface；
By claim 1 to 9 any one of them method, the particular groove array with specific longitudinal focal intensities distribution is obtained.
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| CN107748410B (en) * | 2017-11-09 | 2019-07-19 | 北京大学 | A kind of nearly far field integrated planar optics regulation device and its design and prepare method |
| CN108363127B (en) * | 2018-03-06 | 2020-01-21 | 厦门大学 | Surface plasmon bifocal lens |
| CN110031988B (en) * | 2019-04-24 | 2022-03-04 | 深圳市灯彩互娱科技有限公司 | Surface plasmon generation light source for adjusting different propagation modes |
| CN110031924B (en) * | 2019-04-28 | 2021-07-23 | 长春理工大学 | Method and system for realizing tunable surface plasmon frequency division |
| CN113687465B (en) * | 2021-09-27 | 2022-05-24 | 清华大学 | Surface plasmon near-field focusing lens based on all-dielectric super surface |
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| KR101104364B1 (en) * | 2010-04-08 | 2012-01-16 | 서울대학교산학협력단 | Photonic device for out-of-plane manipulation of surface plasmon waves |
| WO2012160418A1 (en) * | 2011-05-25 | 2012-11-29 | Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg | Tunable plasmonic lens |
| CN104090332A (en) * | 2014-07-10 | 2014-10-08 | 南京邮电大学 | Long-focus tight-focusing surface plasmonic lens under radially polarized beam |
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