CN105572799A - Method of realizing surface-plasmon longitudinal focal point intensity regulation and control and device thereof - Google Patents
Method of realizing surface-plasmon longitudinal focal point intensity regulation and control and device thereof Download PDFInfo
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- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method of realizing surface-plasmon longitudinal focal point intensity regulation and control. A metal surface is provided with several grooves which are in a pixel shape. The grooves are distributed along a transverse direction, and at least one column is formed along a longitudinal direction to form a groove array. Light irradiates the groove array from a direction vertical to the direction of the metal surface so that surface plasmon focal points distributed longitudinally are formed on the metal surface. Combinations of all the groove arrays are traversed so as to acquire a specific groove array possessing specific longitudinal focal point intensity distribution through retrieving so that longitudinal focal point intensity regulation and control is realized. Through changing the combinations of the groove arrays, focal point distribution and light intensity with different requirements can be acquired and the surface plasmon longitudinal focal point intensity regulation and control is realized. A unique property of the surface plasmon is very suitable for making a two-dimensional device with a minimal size on the metal surface. Longitudinal intensity regulation and control of a light field is realized based on the surface plasmon, which is good for device miniaturization and planarization integration.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to optical field, more particularly, relate to a kind of method realizing the longitudinal focal intensities regulation and control of surface phasmon, and realize the device of the longitudinal focal intensities regulation and control of surface phasmon.
Background technology
Surface phasmon SPP (SurfacePlasmonPolariton) is the electromagnetic field surface modes of a kind of local on medium/metal surface, is characterized in that electromagnetic intensity is perpendicular to exponential damping on the direction of metal surface; And propagate along metal surface with the wave number being greater than same frequency photon in medium.Under certain condition, energy conversion can be realized between light and surface phasmon.Surface phasmon is utilized to manipulate in the scope interior focusing of micron and even nanoscale.
There is important application in the fields such as the regulation and control (as obtained the depth of focus of longitudinal multifocal or overlength) realizing the focus strength of light beam longitudinally (along the direction of propagation) store in bio-imaging, particle-capture, data, photoetching and Laser Processing.
Therefore and be unfavorable for the integrated of device to realize the longitudinal direction regulation and control of focus strength on traditional optical, generally needing lens, and optical mask plate being set in entrance pupil position the phase place of incident beam and intensity are modulated.Sometimes even also need the incident wavefront of radial polarisation (radiallypolarized) or rotation direction polarization (azimuthallypolarized), the light beam of this non-uniform polarisation generally can not directly export from traditional laser instrument, need extra polarization regulation and control device, as spatial light modulator, therefore implement cost higher.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, provide a kind of be conducive to device miniaturization and the method for the integrated longitudinal focal intensities regulation and control of surface phasmon of plane, and realize the device of the longitudinal focal intensities regulation and control of surface phasmon.
Technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
Realize a method for the longitudinal focal intensities regulation and control of surface phasmon, offer the some grooves in primitive shape in metal surface, groove transversely distributes, and is at least one row at longitudinal direction, forms groove array; Light irradiates groove array from the direction perpendicular to metal surface, generates the surface phasmon focus of genesis analysis in metal surface; Travel through the combination of all groove arrays, retrieval obtains the particular groove array with specific longitudinal focal intensities distribution, realizes the regulation and control of longitudinal focal intensities.
As preferably, with longitudinal direction be x-axis, be laterally y-axis, direction of illumination sets up coordinate system for z-axis, each groove is along the difference of x-axis position, and regulation and control exciting field is along the PHASE DISTRIBUTION in x-axis.
As preferably, the x coordinate of groove is: x (k)=k λ
sPP/ N, wherein, λ
sPPbe the wavelength of surface phasmon, N is phase place exponent number, k=0,1,2 ..., N-1.
As preferably, the surface phasmon excited from each groove has the initial phase relevant with its x coordinate, as long as each groove is excited (light source is the position that plane wave or metal surface are positioned at waist of Gaussian beam) by homophase, then initial phase is only relevant with the x coordinate of groove.
As preferably, each groove is specific some position, field on the metal surface
the contribution of effects on surface phasmon electric field is ∫ E
sPPdy, integration is in the y-direction throughout whole groove;
Wherein, E
sPPfor the electric field of surface phasmon point source, A is the amplitude of incident light, k
sppand k
zbe respectively surface phasmon wave vector in metal surface and along the z-axis direction, ω is the circular frequency of incident light, and L is the spread length of surface phasmon electric field, H
1 (1)for first kind Hankel function, i is imaginary unit;
Point position, specific field on metal surface
surface phasmon intensity be the coherence stack of all surface phasmon point source; If the wide of groove is w, long is Δ y, and sets ∫ E
sPPdy and E
sPPΔ y is equal.
As preferably, the step of retrieval particular groove array is as follows:
1) give each groove one random x coordinate, given initial high-temperature T0, then Calculation Estimation function f (x1, x2 ...), obtain value f1;
2) random selecting groove, random change groove x coordinate x (k)=k λ
sPP/ N, namely k gets 0,1,2 at random ..., values different between N-1, then recalculates the evaluation function value f2 after change;
3) if (Δ f=f2-f1) <0, then the change of above-mentioned position is accepted; Otherwise the random number that exp (-Δ f/T) is interval with being distributed in (0,1) compares, if exp (-Δ f/T) is large, then accepts above-mentioned position and change; Otherwise holding position is constant; Then step 2 is returned); Wherein, T is temperature parameter, value (0,10] interval;
4) under initial high-temperature, step 2 is repeated) and step 3) P time, make at this temperature, evaluation function reaches thermal equilibrium;
5) reduce temperature with the rule preset, at next temperature, repeat step 2) to step 4);
6) circulation step 1) to step 5), until the groove accepted under Current Temperatures changes number of times be less than 1; It is now then optimum particular groove array.
As preferably, step 4) in, with T segmentation, as T>0.1, P=250; As 0.01<T<0.1, p=500; As T<0.01, P=1000.Thus evaluation function can reach thermal equilibrium substantially under ensureing each temperature when computing time is not oversize.
As preferably, step 5) in, the rule reducing temperature is T
n+1=α T
nwherein, T
nfor Current Temperatures, T
n+1for next temperature, α is coefficient of temperature drop, and value is interval in (0,1).
As preferably, evaluation function f is specially:
Wherein, J is the total number forming focus, I
jthe light intensity of a jth focus, I
0jat focus I
jon the y direction straight line at place, with the summation of light intensity on the sampled point of certain regular distribution.
Realize a device for the longitudinal focal intensities regulation and control of surface phasmon, offer the some grooves in primitive shape in metal surface, groove transversely distributes, and is at least one row at longitudinal direction, forms groove array; Light irradiates groove array from the direction perpendicular to metal surface, generates the surface phasmon focus of genesis analysis in metal surface; By described method, obtain the particular groove array with specific longitudinal focal intensities distribution.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is as follows:
Method and the device realizing the longitudinal focal intensities regulation and control of surface phasmon of the present invention, by arranging groove array in metal surface, obtaining longitudinal focus distribution, can realize discrete multiple focuses, or the light belt that some focuses are connected to form.And by changing the combination of groove array, focus distribution and the light intensity of different requirement can be obtained, realizing the longitudinal focal intensities regulation and control of surface phasmon.The peculiar property of surface phasmon is highly suitable for metal surface and prepares minute sized two-dimensional device, realizes the longitudinal strength regulation and control of light field, by integrated for the miniaturization and complanation being very beneficial for device based on surface phasmon.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is principle schematic of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the sampling schematic diagram of the light intensity of groove array and focus;
Fig. 3 is the optimum groove array schematic diagram of generation two focuses;
Fig. 4 is the two-dimensional intensity distribution schematic diagram of two near focal point;
Fig. 5 is the optimum groove array schematic diagram of generation three focuses;
Fig. 6 is the two-dimensional intensity distribution schematic diagram of three near focal point;
Fig. 7 is the optimum groove array schematic diagram producing Diode laser focus;
Fig. 8 is the two-dimensional intensity distribution schematic diagram of Diode laser near focal point.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the present invention is described in further detail.
The invention solves prior art to longitudinal focal intensities carry out regulate and control exist complicated operation, realize high in cost of production deficiency, a kind of method realizing the longitudinal focal intensities regulation and control of surface phasmon is provided, and the device of the longitudinal focal intensities regulation and control of accomplished surface phasmon.As shown in Figure 1, offer the some grooves in primitive shape in metal surface, groove transversely distributes, and is at least one row at longitudinal direction, forms groove array; Light irradiates groove array from the direction perpendicular to metal surface, generates the surface phasmon focus of genesis analysis in metal surface; Travel through the combination of all groove arrays, retrieval obtains the particular groove array with specific longitudinal focal intensities distribution, realizes the regulation and control of longitudinal focal intensities.
Under the irradiation of incident beam, the Energy Coupling of incident beam will be become surface phasmon as scattering source and propagate at metal interface by groove.Obviously, the intensity distributions of surface phasmon light field after coupling is relevant with position with the size of groove.In order to realize the longitudinal direction regulation and control of focal intensities, the size of groove array and arrangement are as shown in Figure 2.With longitudinal direction be x-axis, be laterally y-axis, direction of illumination sets up coordinate system for z-axis, each groove, along the difference of x-axis position, has regulated and controled exciting field along the initial phase distribution in x-axis.If the wide of groove is w, long is Δ y, then the x coordinate of groove is: x=k λ
sPP/ N, wherein, λ
sPPbe the wavelength of surface phasmon, N is phase place exponent number, k=0,1,2 ..., N-1.Such as, during N=2, the y coordinate of groove can only be 0 and-λ
sPP/ 2, corresponding initial phase is 0 and π; As N=3, x coordinate can only be 0 ,-λ
sPP/ 3 and-2 λ
sPP/ 3, initial phase is respectively 0,2 π/3 and 4 π/3.Wherein, N is larger, and to represent the precision of phase place regulation and control higher, but device architecture is also more complicated.When the incident light of polarization in the x-direction vertical (along-z direction) is irradiated on metal surface, the surface phasmon excited from each groove has the initial phase relevant with its x coordinate.
The groove of each dot structure is in metal surface (z=0) upper some position, specific field
the contribution of effects on surface phasmon electric field is ∫ E
sPPdy; Here integration is in the y-direction throughout whole groove.Provided by following expression;
Wherein, E
sPPfor the electric field of surface phasmon point source, A is the amplitude of incident light, k
sppand k
zbe respectively surface phasmon wave vector in metal surface and along the z-axis direction, ω is the circular frequency of incident light, and L is the spread length of surface phasmon electric field, H
1 (1)for first kind Hankel function, i is imaginary unit.
Point position, specific field on metal surface
surface phasmon intensity be the coherence stack of all surface phasmon point source after the amplitude considering them and phase place.Therefore, after the distribution of a given groove array, the surface phasmon field intensity of any point on golden film just can be provided.In fact, when Δ y is very little, ∫ E can be set
sPPdy and E
sPPΔ y is equal.Namely think that in groove array, the field intensity that each surface phasmon point source produces is equal.Under this setting, the enough and computing velocity of precision, far faster than integration, provides possibility for call number value-based algorithm below does structure optimization.
Be L for length
isurface phasmon device, contain M=L altogether
ithe groove an of/Δ y dot structure, remember i-th groove (i=1,2 ... M) x coordinate is x
i=k λ
sPP/ N, wherein, k=0,1 ..., N-1.Thus plant N altogether
mdifferent groove array combinations, thus can N be produced
mplant different structures.In order to from this N
mplant the groove array with the distribution of specific longitudinal strength that selecting in structure is wanted, need the structure different to this N kind to retrieve, obtain globally optimal solution, the present invention adopts and solves optimum groove array as follows, and step is as follows:
1) give each groove one random x coordinate, given initial high-temperature T=T0 (as T0=10), then Calculation Estimation function f (x1, x2 ...), obtain value f1; Wherein, the functional form of f is distributed by the target longitudinal strength wanting to obtain and decides;
2) random selecting groove, random change groove x coordinate x
i=k λ
sPP/ N, namely k gets 0,1,2 at random ..., values different between N-1, then recalculates the evaluation function value f2 after change;
3) if (Δ f=f2-f1) <0, then the change of above-mentioned position is accepted; Otherwise the random number that exp (-Δ f/T) is interval with being distributed in (0,1) compares, if exp (-Δ f/T) is large, then accepts above-mentioned position and change; Otherwise holding position is constant; Then step 2 is returned); Wherein, T is temperature parameter, value (0,10] interval;
4) under initial high-temperature T=T0=10, step 2 is repeated) and step 3) P time, make at this temperature, evaluation function reaches thermal equilibrium; In the present embodiment, with T segmentation, as T>0.1, P=250; As 0.01<T1<0.1, p=500; As T<0.01, P=1000.Thus evaluation function can reach thermal equilibrium substantially under ensureing each temperature when computing time is not oversize; Thus evaluation function can reach thermal equilibrium substantially under ensureing each temperature when computing time is not oversize;
5) reduce temperature with the rule preset, at next temperature, repeat step 2) to step 4); The rule reducing temperature is T
n+1=α T
n, wherein, T
nfor Current Temperatures, T
n+1for next temperature, α is coefficient of temperature drop, and value is interval in (0,1); In the present embodiment, α=0.9;
6) circulation step 1) to step 5), until the groove accepted under Current Temperatures changes number of times be less than 1; It is now then optimum particular groove array.
In the present invention, evaluation function f is specially:
Wherein, J is the total number forming focus, I
jthe light intensity of a jth focus, I
0jat focus I
jposition in the y-direction on straight line with the summation of light intensity on the sampled point of certain regular distribution.
The present invention also provides a kind of device realizing the longitudinal focal intensities regulation and control of surface phasmon, and offer the some grooves in primitive shape in metal surface, groove transversely distributes, and is at least one row at longitudinal direction, forms groove array; Light irradiates groove array from the direction perpendicular to metal, generates the focus of genesis analysis; By described method, obtain the particular groove array with specific longitudinal focal intensities distribution.
Following to produce two, three focuses, and Diode laser focus is example:
1, axially two focuses are produced
For wavelength X
sPPthe surface phasmon of=813.5nm, produces two equal strength focuses at (x=11 μm, y=0) and (x=18 μm, y=0) place.For this reason, get Δ y=300nm, w=λ
sPP/ 2=406.75nm, N=2, M=80, therefore L
i=24 μm, device architecture is symmetrical up and down.The functional form of f is got:
i
1and I
2the light intensity at focus place respectively, I
01and I
02respectively on x=11 μm and x=18 μm of two straight lines, from y=-18 μm to 18 μm, with the summation of light intensity on all sampled points of interval delta s=600nm distribution, as shown in Figure 2.In order to make the focal intensities that obtains as far as possible equal, result best after getting 30 suboptimization, as shown in Figure 3, near focal point two-dimensional intensity distribution as shown in Figure 4 for optimum groove array.
2, axially three focuses are produced
For wavelength X
sPPthe surface phasmon of=813.5nm, produces three equal strength focuses at (x=8 μm, y=0), (x=13 μm, y=0) and (x=18 μm, y=0) place.For this reason, get Δ y=300nm, w=λ
sPP/ 2=406.75nm, N=2, M=80, therefore L
i=24 μm, device architecture is symmetrical up and down.The functional form of f is got:
i
1, I
2and I
3the light intensity at focus place respectively, I
01, I
02and I
03respectively on x=8 μm, 13 μm and 18 μm of three straight lines, from y=-18 μm to 18 μm, with the summation of light intensity on all sampled points of interval delta s=600nm distribution.In order to make the focal intensities that obtains as far as possible equal, result best after getting 30 suboptimization, as shown in Figure 5, near focal point two-dimensional intensity distribution as shown in Figure 6 for optimum groove array.
3, axial Diode laser focus is produced
For wavelength X
sPPthe surface phasmon of=813.5nm, produces the focus of an overlength depth of focus.For this reason, Δ y=300nm is got, N=4, M=80, therefore L
i=16 μm, device architecture is symmetrical up and down.The functional form of f is got:
respectively on y=0 μm, from x=15,18 ..., 10 focal intensities that 42 μm (with 3 μm for interval) arrange.I
01, I
02..., I
10at x=15 μm respectively, 18 μm ... on 42 μm of 10 straight lines, from y=-18 μm to 18 μm, with the summation of light intensity on all sampled points of interval delta s=600nm distribution.Get the result that focus x direction full width at half maximum is maximum after getting 100 suboptimization, as shown in Figure 7, as shown in Figure 8, its full width at half maximum reaches 24 λ near focal point two-dimensional intensity distribution to optimum groove array
sPP, be about 20 microns.
Above-described embodiment is only used to the present invention is described, and is not used as limitation of the invention.As long as according to technical spirit of the present invention, change above-described embodiment, modification etc. all will be dropped in the scope of claim of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. realize a method for the longitudinal focal intensities regulation and control of surface phasmon, it is characterized in that, offer the some grooves in primitive shape in metal surface, groove transversely distributes, and is at least one row at longitudinal direction, forms groove array; Light irradiates groove array from the direction perpendicular to metal surface, generates the surface phasmon focus of genesis analysis in metal surface; Travel through the combination of all groove arrays, retrieval obtains the particular groove array with specific longitudinal focal intensities distribution, realizes the regulation and control of longitudinal focal intensities.
2. the method realizing the longitudinal focal intensities regulation and control of surface phasmon according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, with longitudinal direction be x-axis, be laterally y-axis, direction of illumination sets up coordinate system for z-axis, the difference of each groove position along the x-axis direction, regulation and control exciting field is along the initial phase distribution in x-axis.
3. the method realizing the longitudinal focal intensities regulation and control of surface phasmon according to claim 2, it is characterized in that, the x coordinate of groove is: x (k)=k λ
sPP/ N, wherein, λ
sPPbe the wavelength of surface phasmon, N is phase place exponent number, k=0,1,2 ..., N-1.
4. the method realizing the longitudinal focal intensities regulation and control of surface phasmon according to claim 3, it is characterized in that, the surface phasmon excited from each groove has the initial phase relevant with its x coordinate.
5. the method realizing the longitudinal focal intensities regulation and control of surface phasmon according to claim 2, it is characterized in that, each groove is specific some position, field on the metal surface
the contribution of effects on surface phasmon electric field is ∫ E
sPPdy, integration is in the y-direction throughout whole groove;
Wherein, E
sPPfor the electric field of surface phasmon point source, A is the amplitude of incident light, k
sppand k
zbe respectively surface phasmon wave vector in metal surface and along the z-axis direction, ω is the circular frequency of incident light, and L is the spread length of surface phasmon electric field, H
1 (1)for first kind Hankel function, i is imaginary unit;
Point position, specific field on metal surface
surface phasmon intensity be the coherence stack of all surface phasmon point source; If the wide of groove is w, long is Δ y, and sets ∫ E
sPPdy and E
sPPΔ y is equal.
6. the method realizing the longitudinal focal intensities regulation and control of surface phasmon according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the step of retrieval particular groove array is as follows:
1) give each groove one random x coordinate, given initial high-temperature T=T0, then Calculation Estimation function f (x1, x2 ...), obtain value f1;
2) random selecting groove, random change groove x coordinate x (k)=k λ
sPP/ N, namely k gets 0,1,2 at random ..., values different between N-1, then recalculates the evaluation function value f2 after change;
3) if (Δ f=f2-f1) <0, then the change of above-mentioned position is accepted; Otherwise the random number that exp (-Δ f/T) is interval with being distributed in (0,1) compares, if exp (-Δ f/T) is large, then accepts above-mentioned position and change; Otherwise holding position is constant; Then step 2 is returned); Wherein, T is temperature parameter, value (0,10] interval;
4) under initial high-temperature T=T0, step 2 is repeated) and step 3) P time, make at this temperature, evaluation function reaches thermal equilibrium;
5) reduce temperature with the rule preset, at next temperature, repeat step 2) to step 4);
6) circulation step 1) to step 5), until the groove accepted under Current Temperatures changes number of times be less than 1; It is now then optimum particular groove array.
7. the method realizing the longitudinal focal intensities regulation and control of surface phasmon according to claim 6, is characterized in that, step 4) in, with T segmentation, as T>0.1, P=250; As 0.01<T<0.1, p=500; As T<0.01, P=1000.Thus evaluation function can reach thermal equilibrium substantially under ensureing each temperature when computing time is not oversize.
8. the method realizing the longitudinal focal intensities regulation and control of surface phasmon according to claim 6, is characterized in that, step 5) in, the rule reducing temperature is T
n+1=α T
nwherein, T
nfor Current Temperatures, T
n+1for next temperature, α is coefficient of temperature drop, and value is interval in (0,1).
9. the method realizing the longitudinal focal intensities regulation and control of surface phasmon according to claim 6, it is characterized in that, evaluation function f is specially:
Wherein, J is the total number forming focus, I
jthe light intensity of a jth focus, I
0jat focus I
jposition in the y-direction on straight line with the summation of light intensity on the sampled point of certain regular distribution.
10. realize a device for the longitudinal focal intensities regulation and control of surface phasmon, it is characterized in that, offer the some grooves in primitive shape in metal surface, groove transversely distributes, and is at least one row at longitudinal direction, forms groove array; Light irradiates groove array from the direction perpendicular to metal surface, generates the surface phasmon focus of genesis analysis in metal surface; By the method described in any one of claim 1 to 9, obtain the particular groove array with specific longitudinal focal intensities distribution.
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| CN108363127B (en) * | 2018-03-06 | 2020-01-21 | 厦门大学 | Surface plasmon bifocal lens |
| CN110031988A (en) * | 2019-04-24 | 2019-07-19 | 西安柯莱特信息科技有限公司 | A kind of surface phasmon generation light source adjusting different communication modes |
| CN110031924A (en) * | 2019-04-28 | 2019-07-19 | 长春理工大学 | A kind of method and system for realizing tunable surface phasmon frequency dividing |
| CN110031924B (en) * | 2019-04-28 | 2021-07-23 | 长春理工大学 | Method and system for realizing tunable surface plasmon frequency division |
| CN113687465A (en) * | 2021-09-27 | 2021-11-23 | 清华大学 | Surface plasmon near-field focusing lens based on all-dielectric super surface |
| CN113687465B (en) * | 2021-09-27 | 2022-05-24 | 清华大学 | Surface plasmon near-field focusing lens based on all-dielectric super surface |
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