CN103337271B - A kind of Trapping of Atoms of chip surface and Optical Lattices method - Google Patents
A kind of Trapping of Atoms of chip surface and Optical Lattices method Download PDFInfo
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- CN103337271B CN103337271B CN201310252770.0A CN201310252770A CN103337271B CN 103337271 B CN103337271 B CN 103337271B CN 201310252770 A CN201310252770 A CN 201310252770A CN 103337271 B CN103337271 B CN 103337271B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of Trapping of Atoms and Optical Lattices method of chip surface, relate to the imprison of cold neutral atom laser and Optical Lattices field.The method is the side irradiating the plated film inverted pyramid type prism that coated surface is placed with laser upward, be totally reflected the evanescent waves caused and inspire near-field surface plasmon in metallic film surface, utilize near-field surface plasmon and interference optical field thereof to realize effective imprison, one dimensional atom surface optics lattice and tow-dimensions atom surface optics lattice respectively to the cold neutral atom be loaded into.The present invention can realize Trapping of Atoms and the atomic surface Optical Lattices of the chip surface of different types of cold neutral atom, and principle is simple, easy to operate, has wide range of applications.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to cold atom laser trapping and cold atom Optical Lattices field, refer in particular to a kind of cold atom laser trapping and cold atom Optical Lattices of chip surface near field optic, be applicable to laser trapping and the cold atom Optical Lattices of the chip surface near field optic of any type cold neutral atom.
Background technology
In recent years, cold neutral atom has become one of study hotspot in Physics of Cold Atoms and atom optics field in the imprison of solid surface and the research of Optical Lattices, and its tool in the research of quantum information, optical lattice and Atom Chip is of great significance.This technology is applied to the limited of cold atom and Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) body gradually and controls, in Quantum Teleportation and tunnel effect and the microminiaturized and integrated research of quantum solid-state system.Utilize light to occur to be totally reflected the evanescent waves produced on medium and Air Interface, the people such as Ovchinnikov in 1997 achieve the evanescent waves gravity optics trap of Cs atom and the intensity gradient cooling of atom.2004, the optical surface potential well that the people such as Grimm adopt the focusing Yb optical-fiber laser of the evanescent lignt-wave of a branch of blue off resonance and a branch of red off resonance to form, and the Full-optical 2D BEC being achieved Cs atom by the cooling of one dimension evanescent waves intensity gradient and the optical potential evaporative cooling of Yb optical-fiber laser.2008, the people such as Wang Zhengling proposed a kind of two cover evanescent waves interference and a branch of blue off resonance evanescent lignt-wave of adopting to realize the scheme of atom two dimension cold atom surface optics lattice, obtain isotropic two-dimentional cold atom surface optics lattice.
Although the Trapping of Atoms of solid surface and the research of Optical Lattices have achieved very large achievement, but the impact of the diffraction limit of light, the light field characteristic dimension of traditional Trapping of Atoms and Optical Lattices generally can only be limited in the dimension scope of half-wavelength magnitude, and therefore this brings some shortcomings by the Trapping of Atoms of solid surface and the fundamental research of atom optics lattice.The near-field surface plasmon of plated film inverted pyramid type prism surface is a kind of near field optic local enhancement effect, itself and interference field thereof have the characteristic of energy of electromagnetic field local in the nanometer-scale spatial scope of breakthrough diffraction limit, and can form atom-solid-state coupling device system.Thinking of the present invention utilizes the near-field surface plasmon of plated film inverted pyramid type prism metallic film surface and interference optical field thereof to realize effective imprison, one dimensional atom surface optics lattice and tow-dimensions atom surface optics lattice respectively to the cold neutral atom be loaded into.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of cold atom laser trapping and cold atom Optical Lattices of chip surface.Utilize a branch of, a pair and two pairs of laser respectively from the incident sideways of plated film inverted pyramid type prism, produce near-field surface plasmon, one dimension near-field surface plasmon interference field and two-dimentional near-field surface plasmon interference field respectively, realize Trapping of Atoms, one dimensional atom surface optics lattice and tow-dimensions atom surface optics lattice respectively.Near-field surface plasmon has the characteristic of energy of electromagnetic field local in the spatial dimension of breakthrough diffraction limit, and it can make the characteristic length of Trapping of Atoms, one dimensional atom surface optics lattice and tow-dimensions atom surface optics lattice reach nanometer scale.This Method And Principle is simple, and easy to operate, favorable repeatability, can realize the Trapping of Atoms of various cold neutral atom, one dimensional atom surface optics lattice and tow-dimensions atom surface optics lattice, have wide range of applications.
The technical solution adopted in the present invention, it is the side that laser irradiates the plated film inverted pyramid type prism that coated surface is placed upward, be totally reflected the evanescent waves caused and inspire near-field surface plasmon in metallic film surface, utilize near-field surface plasmon and interference optical field thereof to realize effective imprison, one dimensional atom surface optics lattice and tow-dimensions atom surface optics lattice respectively to the cold neutral atom be loaded into.
The concrete steps of the inventive method are:
(1) the parallel installation upward of plated film inverted pyramid type prism coated surface is placed in laser light path system;
(2) laser light path system is regulated, beam of laser is adopted to irradiate the side of plated film inverted pyramid type prism respectively, and a pair and the two pairs of laser incident from the opposite flank of plated film inverted pyramid type prism respectively, require that incident angle is greater than the cirtical angle of total reflection, be totally reflected the evanescent waves caused and produce near-field surface plasmon, one dimension near-field surface plasmon interference field and two-dimentional near-field surface plasmon interference field respectively;
(3) laser doppler cooling and polarization gradient cooling means is utilized to realize neutral atom Magneto-Optical Trap cold atom optical glue;
(4) cold atom loading is carried out, cold atom in Magneto-Optical Trap cold atom optical glue is loaded in the near-field surface plasmon of plated film inverted pyramid type prism, one dimension near-field surface plasmon interference field and two-dimentional near-field surface plasmon interference field, realizes Trapping of Atoms, one dimensional atom surface optics lattice and tow-dimensions atom surface optics lattice respectively;
(5) situations such as the number of the Near resonance oscillating Atomic absorption imaging technique measurement plated film inverted pyramid type prism surface atom of atom probe, density and atom distributed dimension are utilized.
The inverted pyramid of plated film described in the present invention type prism, obtained by following method: adopt the manufacturing procedures such as corase grind, fine grinding, polishing that glass material (as selecting fused quartz) is processed into inverted pyramid type prism, adopt magnetically controlled sputter method to plate one deck noble metal (as selecting silver) film at inverted pyramid type prism bases again, be made into plated film inverted pyramid type prism.
In the present invention, light path system is made up of laser instrument, chopper, the polarizer, condenser lens, extender lens, beam splitter, catoptron etc.The laser beam that laser instrument sends first through chopper and the polarizer, then is expanded by condenser lens focusing and extender lens, forms a parallel beam, utilizes beam splitter and catoptron can change beam direction and produce multiple light beam as required.
The method utilizing four pole magnetic wells and optical glue to combine in step (3) realizes laser doppler cooling and the cooling of polarization gradient of neutral atom, formation Magneto-Optical Trap cold atom optical glue, and now atom temperature is about 20 crack.
It is by regulating the laser intensity of Magneto-Optical Trap cold atom optical glue to make atom be loaded under gravity that cold atom in step (4) loads.
Near field optic, surface plasmons technology and Trapping of Atoms technology combine by the method, can obtain the Trapping of Atoms of the chip surface breaking through diffraction limit, one dimensional atom surface optics lattice and tow-dimensions atom surface optics lattice.The method can the microminiaturization of the outstanding coherence of atom and solid-state device, integratedly ideally to combine, can be used for the development of quantum Atom Chip microminiaturized and integrated further.
Accompanying drawing explanation
The structured flowchart that the present invention specifically implements and accompanying drawing are described as follows:
The Trapping of Atoms of Fig. 1 chip surface and Optical Lattices device schematic diagram.
Fig. 2 light-source system schematic diagram.
In figure: 1. light-source system 2. beam splitter 3. catoptron 4. plated film inverted pyramid type prism 5. Magneto-Optical Trap cold atom optical glue 6. atom probe 7. laser instrument, 8. chopper, the 9. polarizer, 10. condenser lens, 11. extender lenses.
Embodiment
For neutral rubidium 87 atom, but be not limited thereto.
Embodiment 1
(1) time-domain finite difference (FDTD) is adopted to determine the structural parameters of the plated film inverted pyramid type prism 4 that can realize Trapping of Atoms and surface optics lattice in Fig. 1.
(2) adopt the manufacturing procedures such as corase grind, fine grinding, polishing that glass material (as selecting fused quartz) is processed into inverted pyramid type prism, adopt magnetically controlled sputter method to plate one deck noble metal (as selecting silver) film at inverted pyramid type prism bases again, process the plated film inverted pyramid type prism 4 in Fig. 1.
(3) utilize support to be placed in laser light path system by the plated film inverted pyramid type prism 4 in Fig. 1, fix in position is installed, requires coated surface parallel placement upward.
(4) in Fig. 1, light-source system 1 is made up of the laser instrument 7 in Fig. 2, chopper 8, the polarizer 9, condenser lens 10, extender lens 11.Regulate light-source system 1, export continuous laser, relative rubidium 87 atom D
2transition is blue off resonance.The laser that laser instrument 7 in Fig. 2 sends is through chopper 8 and the polarizer 9, a branch of directional light is produced again by condenser lens 10 and extender lens 11, as required, this directional light is formed a pair or two pairs of laser beam by beam splitter 2 and catoptron 3, from the incident sideways of plated film inverted pyramid type prism, require that incident angle is greater than the cirtical angle of total reflection, be totally reflected the evanescent waves caused and can produce near-field surface plasmon, one dimension near-field surface plasmon interference field and two-dimentional near-field surface plasmon interference field respectively.
(5) the anti-Helmholtz coils passing to inverse current for a pair is utilized to produce one or four pole magnetic wells, three is vertical each other and intersect at the centre of a magnetic well to the optical glue light beam of the left and right rounding polarized light that (six bundle) transmit in opposite directions, form a Magneto-Optical Trap (MOT), Doppler cooling mechanism and polarization gradient cooling mechanism effect under, define Magneto-Optical Trap rubidium 87 cold atom optical glue 5, temperature about 20 is crack.
(6) by regulating the laser intensity in Magneto-Optical Trap optical glue 5, the plated film inverted pyramid type prism surface near-field surface plasmon making rubidium 87 atom be loaded into step 4 under gravity from Magneto-Optical Trap cold atom optical glue 5 to be formed, one dimension near-field surface plasmon interference field and two-dimentional near-field surface plasmon interference field, realize Trapping of Atoms, one dimensional atom surface optics lattice and tow-dimensions atom surface optics lattice.
(7) utilize Near resonance oscillating Atomic absorption imaging technique, namely plated film inverted pyramid type prism surface cold atom situation measured by atom probe 6.
Claims (5)
1. the Trapping of Atoms of a chip surface and Optical Lattices method, it is characterized in that, laser irradiates the side of the plated film inverted pyramid type prism that coated surface is placed upward, be totally reflected the evanescent waves caused and inspire near-field surface plasmon in metallic film surface, utilize near-field surface plasmon and interference optical field thereof to realize effective imprison, one dimensional atom surface optics lattice and tow-dimensions atom surface optics lattice respectively to the cold neutral atom be loaded into; Comprise the following steps:
(1) installation of plated film inverted pyramid type prism apparatus is placed in laser light path system, requires coated surface parallel placement upward;
(2) laser light path system is regulated, beam of laser is adopted to irradiate the side of plated film inverted pyramid type prism respectively, and a pair and the two pairs of laser incident from the opposite flank of plated film inverted pyramid type prism respectively, produce near-field surface plasmon, one dimension near-field surface plasmon interference field and two-dimentional near-field surface plasmon interference field respectively;
(3) laser doppler cooling and polarization gradient cooling means is utilized to realize neutral atom Magneto-Optical Trap cold atom optical glue;
(4) make the cold atom in Magneto-Optical Trap cold atom optical glue be loaded in the near-field surface plasmon of plated film inverted pyramid type prism, one dimension near-field surface plasmon interference field and two-dimentional near-field surface plasmon interference field, realize Trapping of Atoms, one dimensional atom surface optics lattice and tow-dimensions atom surface optics lattice respectively;
(5) number of the Near resonance oscillating absorption imaging technique measurement plated film inverted pyramid type prism surface atom of atom probe, density and atom distributed dimension situation is utilized.
2. the Trapping of Atoms of chip surface according to claim 1 and Optical Lattices method, it is characterized in that described plated film inverted pyramid type prism is obtained by following method: first adopt the manufacturing procedure such as corase grind, fine grinding, polishing that glass material is processed into inverted pyramid type prism, then adopt magnetically controlled sputter method to plate one deck noble metal film at inverted pyramid type prism bases.
3. the Trapping of Atoms of chip surface according to claim 1 and Optical Lattices method, is characterized in that light path system is made up of laser instrument, chopper, the polarizer, condenser lens, extender lens, beam splitter, catoptron; The laser beam that laser instrument sends first through chopper and the polarizer, then is expanded by condenser lens focusing and extender lens, forms a parallel beam, utilizes beam splitter and catoptron can change beam direction and produce multiple light beam as required.
4. the Trapping of Atoms of chip surface according to claim 1 and Optical Lattices method, it is characterized in that Magneto-Optical Trap cold atom optical glue is obtained by following method: the method utilizing four pole magnetic wells and optical glue to combine realizes laser doppler cooling and the cooling of polarization gradient of neutral atom, form Magneto-Optical Trap cold atom optical glue, now atom temperature is about 20 crack.
5. the Trapping of Atoms of chip surface according to claim 1 and Optical Lattices method, it is characterized in that the loading of cold atom is by regulating the laser intensity of Magneto-Optical Trap cold atom optical glue to make atom be loaded into respectively under gravity in near-field surface plasmon, one dimension near-field surface plasmon interference field and two-dimentional near-field surface plasmon interference field, realizing Trapping of Atoms, one dimensional atom surface optics lattice and tow-dimensions atom surface optics lattice respectively.
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| CN103763847B (en) * | 2014-01-14 | 2016-03-09 | 中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所 | The unwise imprison system of integrating sphere magnetic |
| CN103985427B (en) * | 2014-05-16 | 2016-08-24 | 中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所 | For87the dipulse standing wave of Rb cold atom is concerned with divided beam system |
| CN105469848B (en) * | 2015-12-30 | 2017-11-24 | 安徽师范大学 | The constructing system and method for atom cooling two-dimensional nano local light |
| CN108227028B (en) * | 2017-12-29 | 2020-01-14 | 中国人民解放军国防科技大学 | Atomic interference gravity acceleration measuring device based on pyramid-like structure |
| CN111897024B (en) * | 2020-06-08 | 2023-01-06 | 北京无线电计量测试研究所 | Cold atom gravimeter and detection method |
| CN112068229B (en) * | 2020-07-13 | 2022-03-04 | 中国空间技术研究院 | Structure for realizing atom trapping based on surface plasmon |
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Non-Patent Citations (4)
| Title |
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| ender, H;Courteille, P;Zimmermann, C;Slama.Towards surface quantum optics with Bose–Einstein condensates in evanescent waves.《Applied Physics. Section B: Lasers and Optics》.2009,第96卷(第2期),第275-279页. * |
| J. Sding, R. Grimm et al..Gravitational laser trap for atoms with evanescent-wave cooling.《Optics Cammnnications》.1995,第119卷第652-662页. * |
| Marriage of atoms and plasmons;James P. Shaffer;《nature photonics》;20110831;第5卷;第451-452页 * |
| Plasmonically tailored micropotentials for ultracold atoms;Christian Stehle, Helmar Bender et al.;《nature photonics》;20110724;第5卷;第494页右栏第4-22行、图1 * |
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