CN105568173A - High-strength high-toughness low-alloy heat-resistant steel and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
High-strength high-toughness low-alloy heat-resistant steel and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses high-strength high-toughness low-alloy heat-resistant steel comprising the following components by the weight percentage: 0.40-0.50% of C, 0.15-0.35% of Si, 0.40-0.70% of Mn, 0.80-1.10% of Cr, 0.80-1.00% of Ni, 0.45-0.65% of Mo, 0.80-1.00% of W, 0.25-0.35% of V, 0.015-0.08% of Nb, not more than 0.002% of N, not more than 0.0015% of O, and the balance Fe and impurities. The preparation method of the steel comprises the steps of vacuum induction furnace smelting, electrode casting, vacuum consumable furnace remelting, forging and material forming and heat treatment. The steel overcomes the disadvantages that conventional low-alloy heat-resistant steel has no high strength and toughness when used at medium and low temperatures, so as to satisfy the requirements of long life and high reliability of low-pressure shafts and fasteners under conditions of medium and low temperatures.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of alloy steel, relate generally to a kind of high-obdurability low-alloy high temperature steel and manufacture method thereof.
Background technology
Low-pressure shaft in aircraft engine and fastening piece are the key parts in whole engine, its working temperature generally below 400 DEG C, main transmitting torque and ensure the concentric effect of low pressure rotor.Therefore, require that material has high intensity (room temperature tensile intensity Rm >=1120MPa under middle low temperature, 380 DEG C of tensile strength Rm >=950MPa), the over-all properties such as high toughness (room temperature impact toughness KV2 >=60J), to meet long lifetime and the high reliability request of low-pressure shaft and fastening piece.
Current application is CrMoV series heat-resistant steel more widely, carbon content is generally below 0.30%, although the creep-rupture strength of high temperature is fine more than 500 DEG C, the tensile strength and toughness reguirements that use at middle low temperature may not necessarily be met, in process, ductile failure and brittle rupture likely occur under arms.In order to the obdurability of cold zone in improving, the present invention proposes a kind of novel high-strength tenacity, low-alloy high temperature steel.By Composition Design, two vacuum melting technique and the research of forging technology, develop the aircraft engine high-intensity high-tenacity Mayari meeting and use below 400 DEG C.
Chinese patent CN1286317 discloses a kind of high strength low-alloy heat resistant steel with excellent welding performance, and this steel contains higher Cr, W element, with the addition of again the units such as V, Nb, Ti, B and usually improves the obdurability of alloy and reduce Thermal cracking tendency.
Chinese patent CN1209464 discloses a kind of compared with cold zone tensile strength and toughness and all good high-toughness thermo-resisting steel of the creep-rupture strength in high-temperature zone.This steel contains 8-14%Cr, has higher oxidation-resistance and solidity to corrosion.Add again strengthening further such as more Mo, W etc., also added 1.5-5.0%Ni to improve toughness, for reaching the best fit of obdurability, with the addition of the elements such as V, Nb again, the maximum pulling strength of this steel reaches 1100MPa.
Japanese Patent Laid-Open 3-87332 discloses a kind of high strength low-alloy heat resistant steel.The softening degree in the welding heat affected region of this steel is little, and shock resistance is good, and can use at the temperature of the highest about 600 DEG C, at 600 DEG C, the highest creep strength of 10000h can reach 127MPa.
Japanese Patent Laid-Open 4-268040 discloses a kind of Mayari with excellent creep strength and toughness.This steel contains relatively high Cr, W element, and not containing Mo element, if necessary, also add the elements such as La, Ce, Y, Ca, Zr, Ta, Mg, its room temperature tensile intensity is only up to 710MPa.
Japanese Patent Laid-Open 5-345949 discloses a kind of low Cr jessop with excellent toughness and creep strength, this steel contains more Cr, Mo, elements such as w, there is high creep strength, in order to improve welding toughness, adding Ti etc., in order to improve oxidation-resistance and erosion resistance, adding Cu, in order to improve intensity further, add the elements such as V, Nb again.
The maximum difference of above-mentioned patent and steel of the present invention be its carbon content all below 0.30%, therefore, in order to obtain certain intensity, only have the content increasing Cr, Mo, elements such as w in steel.The present invention, by suitably improving the carbon content in steel, reduces the content of Cr, Mo, elements such as w in steel, and adds the elements such as appropriate Ni, V, Nb, reach the best fit of obdurability.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to design a kind of high strength low-alloy heat resistant steel and manufacture method thereof.By adopting two vacuum melting, large forging ratio forming technique, steel is made to obtain high purity and excellent combination of strength and toughness.Succeeding in developing of this steel, can meet the requirement of the aircraft engine high-intensity high-tenacity high temperature steel used below 400 DEG C.
For achieving the above object, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is as follows:
A kind of high-obdurability low-alloy high temperature steel, it comprises the following component of percentage:
C：0.40～0.50％；
Si：0.15～0.35％；
Mn：0.40～0.70％；
Cr：0.80～1.10％；
Ni：0.80～1.00％；
Mo：0.45～0.65％；
W：0.80～1.00％；
V：0.25～0.35％；
Nb：0.015～0.08％；
N：≤0.002％；
O：≤0.0015％；
Surplus is Fe and inevitable impurity, and the total amount of impurity element is lower than 0.05wt%.
Steel of the present invention selects the reason of chemical composition ranges as follows:
C: carbon has good impact to the room temperature of steel and middle cryogenic mechanical performance, heat resistance and relaxation stability etc.Below 400 DEG C, the creeping limit of steel increases with carbon content and improves.Therefore preferred C content is at 0.40-0.50%.
Si:Si is incorporated in steel as reductor, and has good effect to raising oxidation-resistance.If Si content is less than 0.10% in steel, its DeGrain; If Si content is increased to more than 0.40%, a part wherein can form oxide compound and remain in steel, and toughness is reduced.Preferred Si content is 0.15 ~ 0.35%.
Mn: manganese can dissolve in sosoloid and play strengthening effect, improves room temperature strength and the hardness of matrix, in addition, can also increase the heat resistance of steel in certain temperature range.Manganese strongly can make lattice distortion and increase lattice atoms key gravitation, and time below 450 DEG C, manganese can improve the heat resistance of steel.Preferred Mn content 0.40 ~ 0.70%.
Cr: add antioxidant property and corrosion resistance that chromium main purpose is used to improve steel in Mayari, chromium can also improve creep rupture strength and the creeping limit of steel in certain content range in addition, and all has a certain impact to the red brittleness of steel, hardening capacity and processing performance.Add 0.5 ~ 1.5%Cr in the steel of about 0.5%Mo after, not only improve resistance of oxidation, and significantly improve the heat resistance of steel, the greying of steel can be prevented to be inclined to simultaneously.When Cr amount continues to increase, the heat resistance of steel reduces on the contrary.Preferred Cr content is 0.8 ~ 1.10%.
Ni:Ni adds the hardening capacity and toughness that can improve steel, also can suppress the precipitation of delta ferrite, ensures structure stability.But the excessive interpolation of Ni will cause heat resistance to reduce.Preferred Ni content is 0.80 ~ 1.00%.
Mo:Mo can improve the heat resistance of steel, and significantly can reduce the hot-short tendency of steel.The major cause that Mo improves heat resistance is remarkable Intensive intervention body, can increase solid solution lattice distortion and lattice atoms key gravitation, and can improve recrystallization temperature, matrix is strengthened in steel after adding Mo.In addition, increase with Mo content, isothermal transformation C curve moves to right, and nose place starts transition temperature moves, thus inhibits perlitic transformation, facilitates bainite transformation, and this is also conducive to the raising of heat resistance.When Mo content is below 0.40%, DeGrain, and excessive interpolation makes toughness after life-time service reduce.When adding strong carbide forming element V, Nb, Ti in steel, then Mo strengthens because the effect of solution is more remarkable.This is because strong carbide forming element and carbon are combined into stable carbide, impel Mo more effectively to dissolve in sosoloid, thus the heat resistance being more conducive to steel improve.Preferred Mo content is 0.45 ~ 0.65%.
W:W and Mo is the same, be also the heat resistance and the creep resistance that are increased steel by Intensive intervention body and promotion bainite transformation, but the effect that the compound of W and Mo adds improving steel heat resistance and creep resistance is more remarkable than the effect of W or Mo adding separately equivalent.In order to reach above-mentioned effect, the minimum content of W should more than 0.80%, however its content more than more than 1.00% time, the toughness of steel can be made to reduce.Preferred W content is 0.80 ~ 1.00%.
V:V is the element strongly forming carbide, and in even small and dispersed distribution on matrix.Adding vanadium in steel can crystal grain thinning, improves the yield strength of steel significantly.In addition, after V is fixing by C, impels Cr, Mo, W to dissolve in sosoloid, make these elements Intensive intervention body effectively, be conducive to the heat resistance of steel and the raising of relaxation stability.V content is less than 0.20%, this DeGrain, when content is more than 0.40%, easily generates delta ferrite.Preferred V content is 0.25 ~ 0.35%.
Nb:Nb is carbide, and the carbide of niobium is very stable at high temperature, and is evenly distributed on matrix plays precipitation strength effect in fine particle.In steel, solid solution Nb significantly increases lattice atoms and is good for gravitation and lattice distortion, improves recrystallization temperature, Intensive intervention body.Impel W, Mo element to enter sosoloid after Nb and C combination and play indirect strengthening effect.Therefore, in steel, add a small amount of Nb, all produce good impact to creeping limit and creep rupture strength, particularly to add its effect fashionable more obvious for V and Nb compound.But when if Nb amount is less than 0.01%, its DeGrain; And if during more than 0.1%, Nb separates out with big particle, toughness is caused to reduce.Preferred Nb content is 0.015 ~ 0.08%.
N, O: in steel, N, O content is lower, and inclusion is fewer, plasticity and toughness are better.Therefore, the present invention controls the content of N, O in steel a lower scope, makes N≤0.002%, O≤0.0015%.
A preparation method for high-obdurability low-alloy high temperature steel as described in the present invention, it comprises the steps:
Water injecting electrode, consumable electrode vacuum furnace remelting after vacuum induction melting, forge and become a useful person and thermal treatment.
Preferably, described vacuum induction melting step comprises following operation:
First carbon is loaded in crucible, again by pure iron, W metal, metal M o, metal W, Metal Cr, metal V, metal Nb, crystallization Si loads crucible, carrying out preheating to crucible to electricity with the power of rated output 30 ~ 40% makes raw material start fusing, and the vacuum tightness of crucible is evacuated to≤2.7Pa after, raw material is made by power ascension to 40 ~ 65% of rated output to continue fusing, after raw material is all fused into molten steel, by power ascension to more than 90% of rated output, keep 8 ~ 12min, after improving temperature to 1570 ~ 1590 DEG C of described molten steel, reduction power carries out insulation refining to 30 ~ 40% of rated output and is not less than 60min, after insulation refining terminates, be filled with rare gas element to the pressure of 6000Pa in crucible after, add metal M n, after metal M n melts by raising power to more than 90% of rated output, carry out sampling analysis, the qualified rear tapping of composition also pours into electrode.
Preferably, described consumable electrode vacuum furnace reflow step comprises following operation:
Electrode is carried out remelting down with one end of shrinkage cavity, and controlling molten speed is 2.5 ~ 3.0kg/min, keeps below final vacuum 0.1Pa, obtains steel ingot.
Preferably, described forging step of becoming a useful person comprises following operation:
By Heating Steel Ingots to 1170 ~ 1190 DEG C, after insulation 3 ~ 6h, by steel ingot jumping-up to 50 ~ 55% of raw footage, then melt down and be heated to 1130 ~ 1150 DEG C, pull out after insulation 60 ~ 80min, what control pulling opens forging temperature >=1110 DEG C, stops forging temperature >=850 DEG C, last fire time pulling deflection >=35%.
Preferably, the technical parameter of described heat treatment step is:
Normalizing 930 ~ 950 DEG C, insulation 1 ~ 3h, air cooling; A tempering 580 ~ 600 DEG C insulation 5 ~ 7h, air cooling; Double tempering 580 ~ 600 DEG C insulation 3 ~ 5h, air cooling.
Preferably, in described insulation refining process, sampling analysis, after N≤30ppm, adds alloy material and carries out trimming.
Can obtain high purity by above-mentioned technology controlling and process, fine microstructures forges tissue uniformly.After finished heat treatment, the good combination of high-intensity high-tenacity can be reached, meet the requirement of the aviation high-performance low-alloy high temperature steel used under middle low temperature completely.
The present invention compared with prior art, has outstanding feature and remarkable advantage:
It is not very high shortcoming that steel of the present invention overcomes existing Mayari obdurability when middle low temperature uses, by optimizing composition, the obdurability of steel is improved, particularly by adopting two vacuum melting to make O in steel, the content of N drops to minimum level, steel inclusion obviously reduces, by special forging process, ensure the tissue obtaining fine uniform, namely high strength is reached, the good combination of high tenacity, to meet long lifetime under middle cold condition of low-pressure shaft and fastening piece and high reliability request, extensive and urgent application demand prospect is there is in national defence leading-edge fields such as aerospace.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the invention will be further described, but protection scope of the present invention is not only confined to embodiment.
Steel of the present invention, in 1 ton of vacuum induction furnace and consumable electrode vacuum furnace melting, through upsetting pull forging, finally by thermal treatment, can reach the design requirements of aircraft engine high-obdurability low-alloy high temperature steel.
Embodiment 1: the concrete composition of the alloy of the present embodiment is as shown in table 2.
1,1 ton of vacuum induction melting technique:
Selected highly purified Metal Cr, Mn, Ni, Mo, W, Nb, V and pure iron etc., S, P and Cu content of metal charge is as far as possible low.All furnace charges must clean drying, without greasy dirt, rustless.Except Mn, alloying constituent allocates control specification into, pays special attention to bringing into of S, P, Cu, and C allocates into by 0.48%, and metal M n all reserves and adds after N is qualified.First 100kW small power, to material in electrical pre-heating crucible, vacuumizes until vacuum tightness reaches below 2.7Pa.Until vacuum tightness reach≤2.7Pa time, power is risen to 180kW and starts to melt at a slow speed.After fine melt liquid level keeps calmness to no longer include bubble spilling and fine melt, power is risen to 280kW, keep 8min, fall power and be incubated refining to 120kW after temperature rises to 1570 DEG C, refining time wants >=60min.Sampling total analysis, after N≤30ppm, adds alloy material and carries out trimming, melt to higher-wattage 280kW.After fine melt, carry out stirring sampling analysis, then fill Ar6000Pa and add Mn, treat that contents temperature is suitable and get final product charged tapping.Cast Ф 290mm electrode, redly after the electrode demoulding send annealing.
2,1 ton of consumable electrode vacuum furnace smelting technology:
By electrode cutting tack, electrode must thoroughly be cleaned out, and must not have rust, oil and foul.Consumable remelting is carried out down in one end with shrinkage cavity, selects Ф 360mm crystallizer.Adopt the refining of 2.7kg/min eutectic fast thawing, control electric current 4000 ~ 5000A, voltage 21 ~ 25V, keep final vacuum≤0.1Pa.It is de-after the complete 60min of melting that ingot is red send annealing.Annealing temperature is 680 ~ 730 DEG C, insulation 12-16 hour, then stove be chilled to≤500 DEG C after to come out of the stove air cooling.
3, forging process:
Steel ingot to be come out of the stove after 3 hours forging at 1190 DEG C of heating and thermal insulations, in forging process, steel ingot jumping-up once, jumping-up to 50% of former height, to increase forging ratio.Steel ingot melts down and reheats temperature 1150 DEG C, is incubated 60 minutes, opens forging temperature >=1110 DEG C, stops forging temperature >=850 DEG C.Controlling last fire time deflection is 35%.Forging is red afterwards send annealing, annealing temperature 670 ± 10 DEG C, is incubated 15 ~ 20 hours.Then stove be chilled to≤500 DEG C after to come out of the stove air cooling.
4, thermal treatment process
This steel is incubated 1.5h through normalizing 940 DEG C, air cooling; A tempering 590 DEG C insulation 6h, air cooling; Double tempering 590 DEG C insulation 4h, air cooling.
Embodiment 2: the concrete composition of the alloy of the present embodiment is as shown in table 2.
1,1 ton of vacuum induction melting technique:
Selected highly purified Metal Cr, Mn, Ni, Mo, W, Nb, V and pure iron etc., S, P and Cu content of metal charge is as far as possible low.All furnace charges must clean drying, without greasy dirt, rustless.Except Mn, alloying constituent allocates control specification into, pays special attention to bringing into of S, P, Cu, and C allocates into by 0.50%, and metal M n all reserves and adds after N is qualified.First 90KW small power, to material in electrical pre-heating crucible, vacuumizes until vacuum tightness reaches below 2.7Pa.Until vacuum tightness reach≤2.7Pa time, power is risen to 150kW and starts to melt at a slow speed.After fine melt liquid level keeps calmness to no longer include bubble spilling and fine melt, power is risen to 275kW, keep 12min, fall power and be incubated refining to 110kW after temperature rises to 1590 DEG C, refining time wants >=60min.Sampling total analysis, after N≤30ppm, adds alloy material and carries out trimming, melt to higher-wattage 275kW.After fine melt, carry out stirring sampling analysis, then fill Ar6000Pa and add Mn, treat that contents temperature is suitable and get final product charged tapping.Cast Ф 290mm electrode, redly after the electrode demoulding send annealing.
2,1 ton of consumable electrode vacuum furnace smelting technology:
By electrode cutting tack, electrode must thoroughly be cleaned out, and must not have rust, oil and foul.Consumable remelting is carried out down in one end with shrinkage cavity, selects Ф 360mm crystallizer.Adopt the refining of 2.5kg/min eutectic fast thawing, control electric current 4000 ~ 5000A, voltage 21 ~ 25V, keep final vacuum≤0.1Pa.It is de-after the complete 60min of melting that ingot is red send annealing.Annealing temperature is 680-730 DEG C, insulation 12-16 hour, then stove be chilled to≤500 DEG C after to come out of the stove air cooling.
3, forging process:
Steel ingot to be come out of the stove after 4 hours forging at 1170 DEG C of heating and thermal insulations, in forging process, steel ingot jumping-up once, jumping-up to 55% of former height, to increase forging ratio.Steel ingot melts down and reheats temperature 1140 DEG C, is incubated 70 minutes, opens forging temperature >=1110 DEG C, stops forging temperature >=850 DEG C.Controlling last fire time deflection is 40%.Forging is red afterwards send annealing, annealing temperature 670 ± 10 DEG C, is incubated 15 ~ 20 hours.Then stove be chilled to≤500 DEG C after to come out of the stove air cooling.
4, thermal treatment process
This steel is incubated 2h through normalizing 930 DEG C, air cooling; A tempering 580 DEG C insulation 7h, air cooling; Double tempering 580 DEG C insulation 5h, air cooling.
The concrete composition of alloy is as shown in table 2.
Embodiment 3: the concrete composition of the alloy of the present embodiment is as shown in table 2.
1,1 ton of vacuum induction melting technique:
Selected highly purified Metal Cr, Mn, Ni, Mo, W, Nb, V and pure iron etc., S, P and Cu content of metal charge is as far as possible low.All furnace charges must clean drying, without greasy dirt, rustless.Except Mn, alloying constituent allocates control specification into, pays special attention to bringing into of S, P, Cu, and C allocates into by 0.49%, and metal M n all reserves and adds after N is qualified.First 110KW small power, to material in electrical pre-heating crucible, vacuumizes until vacuum tightness reaches below 2.7Pa.Until vacuum tightness reach≤2.7Pa time, power is risen to 195kW and starts to melt at a slow speed.After fine melt liquid level keeps calmness to no longer include bubble spilling and fine melt, power is risen to 280kW, keep 11min, fall power and be incubated refining to 110kW after temperature rises to 1580 DEG C, refining time wants >=60min.Sampling total analysis, after N≤30ppm, adds alloy material and carries out trimming, melt to higher-wattage 290kW.After fine melt, carry out stirring sampling analysis, then fill Ar6000Pa and add Mn, treat that contents temperature is suitable and get final product charged tapping.Cast Ф 290mm electrode, redly after the electrode demoulding send annealing.
2,1 ton of consumable electrode vacuum furnace smelting technology:
By electrode cutting tack, electrode must thoroughly be cleaned out, and must not have rust, oil and foul.Consumable remelting is carried out down in one end with shrinkage cavity, selects Ф 360mm crystallizer.Adopt the refining of 2.6kg/min eutectic fast thawing, control electric current 4000 ~ 5000A, voltage 21 ~ 25V, keep final vacuum≤0.1Pa.It is de-after the complete 60min of melting that ingot is red send annealing.Annealing temperature is 680 ~ 730 DEG C, is incubated 12 ~ 16 hours, then stove be chilled to≤500 DEG C after to come out of the stove air cooling.
3, forging process:
Steel ingot to be come out of the stove after 4 hours forging at 1180 DEG C of heating and thermal insulations, in forging process, steel ingot jumping-up once, jumping-up to 50% of former height, to increase forging ratio.Steel ingot melts down and reheats temperature 1140 DEG C, is incubated 70 minutes, opens forging temperature >=1110 DEG C, stops forging temperature >=850 DEG C.Controlling last fire time deflection is 36%.Forging is red afterwards send annealing, annealing temperature 670 ± 10 DEG C, is incubated 15 ~ 20 hours.Then stove be chilled to≤500 DEG C after to come out of the stove air cooling.
4, thermal treatment process
This steel is incubated 1h through normalizing 950 DEG C, air cooling; A tempering 600 DEG C insulation 5h, air cooling; Double tempering 600 DEG C insulation 5h, air cooling.
Embodiment 4: the concrete composition of the alloy of the present embodiment is as shown in table 2.
1,1 ton of vacuum induction melting technique:
Selected highly purified Metal Cr, Mn, Ni, Mo, W, Nb, V and pure iron etc., S, P and Cu content of metal charge is as far as possible low.All furnace charges must clean drying, without greasy dirt, rustless.Except Mn, alloying constituent allocates control specification into, pays special attention to bringing into of S, P, Cu, and C allocates into by 0.50%, and metal M n all reserves and adds after N is qualified.First 120KW small power, to material in electrical pre-heating crucible, vacuumizes until vacuum tightness reaches below 2.7Pa.Until vacuum tightness reach≤2.7Pa time, power is risen to 195kW and starts to melt at a slow speed.After fine melt liquid level keeps calmness to no longer include bubble spilling and fine melt, power is risen to 300kW, keep 10min, fall power and be incubated refining to 120kW after temperature rises to 1580 DEG C, refining time wants >=60min.Sampling total analysis, after N≤30ppm, adds alloy material and carries out trimming, melt to higher-wattage 300kW.After fine melt, carry out stirring sampling analysis, then fill Ar6000Pa and add Mn, treat that contents temperature is suitable and get final product charged tapping.Cast Ф 290mm electrode, redly after the electrode demoulding send annealing.
2,1 ton of consumable electrode vacuum furnace smelting technology:
By electrode cutting tack, electrode must thoroughly be cleaned out, and must not have rust, oil and foul.Consumable remelting is carried out down in one end with shrinkage cavity, selects Ф 360mm crystallizer.Adopt the refining of 3.0kg/min eutectic fast thawing, control electric current 4000 ~ 5000A, voltage 21 ~ 25V, keep final vacuum≤0.1Pa.It is de-after the complete 60min of melting that ingot is red send annealing.Annealing temperature is 680-730 DEG C, is incubated 12 ~ 16 hours, then stove be chilled to≤500 DEG C after to come out of the stove air cooling.
3, forging process:
Steel ingot to be come out of the stove after 4 hours forging at 1180 DEG C of heating and thermal insulations, in forging process, steel ingot jumping-up once, jumping-up to 52% of former height, to increase forging ratio.Steel ingot melts down and reheats temperature 1140 DEG C, is incubated 80 minutes, opens forging temperature >=1110 DEG C, stops forging temperature >=850 DEG C.Controlling last fire time deflection is 38%.Forging is red afterwards send annealing, annealing temperature 670 ± 10 DEG C, insulation 15-20 hour.Then stove be chilled to≤500 DEG C after to come out of the stove air cooling.
4, thermal treatment process
This steel is incubated 3h through normalizing 930 DEG C, air cooling; A tempering 590 DEG C insulation 6h, air cooling; Double tempering 590 DEG C insulation 4h, air cooling.
Chemical composition designed according to this invention and production method produce 10 stove alloys, and the concrete composition of alloy is as shown in table 2.Control by above-mentioned technique, the macrostructure of invention steel is in good condition, and inclusion content is considerably less, and homogeneous microstructure is tiny, and its purity is very high, and its macrostructure, grain fineness number and the examination of nonmetallic inclusion are as shown in table 3.Sample 10 stove alloys, after heat treatment carry out mechanical property test, its result is as shown in table 4.The room temperature tensile intensity of invention steel can reach more than 1120MPa, and 380 DEG C of tensile strength can reach more than 950MPa, and room temperature impact toughness can reach more than 60J, and its mechanical property reaches design requirements completely.
Embodiment 5: the concrete composition of the alloy of the present embodiment is as shown in table 2.
1,1 ton of vacuum induction melting technique:
Selected highly purified Metal Cr, Mn, Ni, Mo, W, Nb, V and pure iron etc., S, P and Cu content of metal charge is as far as possible low.All furnace charges must clean drying, without greasy dirt, rustless.Except Mn, alloying constituent allocates control specification into, pays special attention to bringing into of S, P, Cu, and C allocates into by 0.48%, and metal M n all reserves and adds after N is qualified.First 110KW small power, to material in electrical pre-heating crucible, vacuumizes until vacuum tightness reaches below 2.7Pa.Until vacuum tightness reach≤2.7Pa time, power is risen to 150kW and starts to melt at a slow speed.After fine melt liquid level keeps calmness to no longer include bubble spilling and fine melt, power is risen to 290kW, keep 12min, fall power and be incubated refining to 110kW after temperature rises to 1590 DEG C, refining time wants >=60min.Sampling total analysis, after N≤30ppm, adds alloy material and carries out trimming, melt to higher-wattage 290kW.After fine melt, carry out stirring sampling analysis, then fill Ar6000Pa and add Mn, treat that contents temperature is suitable and get final product charged tapping.Cast Ф 290mm electrode, redly after the electrode demoulding send annealing.
2,1 ton of consumable electrode vacuum furnace smelting technology:
By electrode cutting tack, electrode must thoroughly be cleaned out, and must not have rust, oil and foul.Consumable remelting is carried out down in one end with shrinkage cavity, selects Ф 360mm crystallizer.Adopt the refining of 2.9kg/min eutectic fast thawing, control electric current 4000 ~ 5000A, voltage 21 ~ 25V, keep final vacuum≤0.1Pa.It is de-after the complete 60min of melting that ingot is red send annealing.Annealing temperature is 680-730 DEG C, insulation 12-16 hour, then stove be chilled to≤500 DEG C after to come out of the stove air cooling.
3, forging process:
Steel ingot to be come out of the stove after 6 hours forging at 1190 DEG C of heating and thermal insulations, in forging process, steel ingot jumping-up once, jumping-up to 50% of former height, to increase forging ratio.Steel ingot melts down and reheats temperature 1130 DEG C, is incubated 80 minutes, opens forging temperature >=1110 DEG C, stops forging temperature >=850 DEG C.Controlling last fire time deflection is 40%.Forging is red afterwards send annealing, annealing temperature 670 ± 10 DEG C, is incubated 15 ~ 20 hours.Then stove be chilled to≤500 DEG C after to come out of the stove air cooling.
4, thermal treatment process
This steel is incubated 1.5h through normalizing 950 DEG C, air cooling; A tempering 590 DEG C insulation 5h, air cooling; Double tempering 590 DEG C insulation 3h, air cooling.
Embodiment 6: the concrete composition of the alloy of the present embodiment is as shown in table 2.
1,1 ton of vacuum induction melting technique:
Selected highly purified Metal Cr, Mn, Ni, Mo, W, Nb, V and pure iron etc., S, P and Cu content of metal charge is as far as possible low.All furnace charges must clean drying, without greasy dirt, rustless.Except Mn, alloying constituent allocates control specification into, pays special attention to bringing into of S, P, Cu, and C allocates into by 0.49%, and metal M n all reserves and adds after N is qualified.First 90KW small power, to material in electrical pre-heating crucible, vacuumizes until vacuum tightness reaches below 2.7Pa.Until vacuum tightness reach≤2.7Pa time, power is risen to 170kW and starts to melt at a slow speed.After fine melt liquid level keeps calmness to no longer include bubble spilling and fine melt, power is risen to 280kW, keep 12min, fall power and be incubated refining to 120kW after temperature rises to 1590 DEG C, refining time wants >=60min.Sampling total analysis, after N≤30ppm, adds alloy material and carries out trimming, melt to higher-wattage 290kW.After fine melt, carry out stirring sampling analysis, then fill Ar6000Pa and add Mn, treat that contents temperature is suitable and get final product charged tapping.Cast Ф 290mm electrode, redly after the electrode demoulding send annealing.
2,1 ton of consumable electrode vacuum furnace smelting technology:
By electrode cutting tack, electrode must thoroughly be cleaned out, and must not have rust, oil and foul.Consumable remelting is carried out down in one end with shrinkage cavity, selects Ф 360mm crystallizer.Adopt the refining of 2.6kg/min eutectic fast thawing, control electric current 4000 ~ 5000A, voltage 21 ~ 25V, keep final vacuum≤0.1Pa.It is de-after the complete 60min of melting that ingot is red send annealing.Annealing temperature is 680-730 DEG C, is incubated 12 ~ 16 hours, then stove be chilled to≤500 DEG C after to come out of the stove air cooling.
3, forging process:
Steel ingot to be come out of the stove after 4 hours forging at 1180 DEG C of heating and thermal insulations, in forging process, steel ingot jumping-up once, jumping-up to 54% of former height, to increase forging ratio.Steel ingot melts down and reheats temperature 1140 DEG C, is incubated 70 minutes, opens forging temperature >=1110 DEG C, stops forging temperature >=850 DEG C.Controlling last fire time deflection is 40%.Forging is red afterwards send annealing, annealing temperature 670 ± 10 DEG C, is incubated 15 ~ 20 hours.Then stove be chilled to≤500 DEG C after to come out of the stove air cooling.
4, thermal treatment process
This steel is incubated 2h through normalizing 930 DEG C, air cooling; A tempering 590 DEG C insulation 6h, air cooling; Double tempering 590 DEG C insulation 4h, air cooling.
Embodiment 7: the concrete composition of the alloy of the present embodiment is as shown in table 2.
1,1 ton of vacuum induction melting technique:
Selected highly purified Metal Cr, Mn, Ni, Mo, W, Nb, V and pure iron etc., S, P and Cu content of metal charge is as far as possible low.All furnace charges must clean drying, without greasy dirt, rustless.Except Mn, alloying constituent allocates control specification into, pays special attention to bringing into of S, P, Cu, and C allocates into by 0.50%, and metal M n all reserves and adds after N is qualified.First 90KW small power, to material in electrical pre-heating crucible, vacuumizes until vacuum tightness reaches below 2.7Pa.Until vacuum tightness reach≤2.7Pa time, power is risen to 170kW and starts to melt at a slow speed.After fine melt liquid level keeps calmness to no longer include bubble spilling and fine melt, power is risen to 300kW, keep 9min, fall power and be incubated refining to 90kW after temperature rises to 1580 DEG C, refining time wants >=60min.Sampling total analysis, after N≤30ppm, adds alloy material and carries out trimming, melt to higher-wattage 300kW.After fine melt, carry out stirring sampling analysis, then fill Ar6000Pa and add Mn, treat that contents temperature is suitable and get final product charged tapping.Cast Ф 290mm electrode, redly after the electrode demoulding send annealing.
2,1 ton of consumable electrode vacuum furnace smelting technology:
By electrode cutting tack, electrode must thoroughly be cleaned out, and must not have rust, oil and foul.Consumable remelting is carried out down in one end with shrinkage cavity, selects Ф 360mm crystallizer.Adopt the refining of 2.8kg/min eutectic fast thawing, control electric current 4000 ~ 5000A, voltage 21 ~ 25V, keep final vacuum≤0.1Pa.It is de-after the complete 60min of melting that ingot is red send annealing.Annealing temperature is 680 ~ 730 DEG C, is incubated 12 ~ 16 hours, then stove be chilled to≤500 DEG C after to come out of the stove air cooling.
3, forging process:
Steel ingot to be come out of the stove after 3 hours forging at 1180 DEG C of heating and thermal insulations, in forging process, steel ingot jumping-up once, jumping-up to 50% of former height, to increase forging ratio.Steel ingot melts down and reheats temperature 1140 DEG C, is incubated 70 minutes, opens forging temperature >=1110 DEG C, stops forging temperature >=850 DEG C.Controlling last fire time deflection is 36%.Forging is red afterwards send annealing, annealing temperature 670 ± 10 DEG C, is incubated 15 ~ 20 hours.Then stove be chilled to≤500 DEG C after to come out of the stove air cooling.
4, thermal treatment process
This steel is incubated 3h through normalizing 930 DEG C, air cooling; A tempering 590 DEG C insulation 5h, air cooling; Double tempering 590 DEG C insulation 3h, air cooling.
Embodiment 8: the concrete composition of the alloy of the present embodiment is as shown in table 2.
1,1 ton of vacuum induction melting technique:
Selected highly purified Metal Cr, Mn, Ni, Mo, W, Nb, V and pure iron etc., S, P and Cu content of metal charge is as far as possible low.All furnace charges must clean drying, without greasy dirt, rustless.Except Mn, alloying constituent allocates control specification into, pays special attention to bringing into of S, P, Cu, and C allocates into by 0.49%, and metal M n all reserves and adds after N is qualified.First 100KW small power, to material in electrical pre-heating crucible, vacuumizes until vacuum tightness reaches below 2.7Pa.Until vacuum tightness reach≤2.7Pa time, power is risen to 180kW and starts to melt at a slow speed.After fine melt liquid level keeps calmness to no longer include bubble spilling and fine melt, power is risen to 280kW, keep 8 ~ 12min, fall power and be incubated refining to 120kW after temperature rises to 1570 ~ 1590 DEG C, refining time wants >=60min.Sampling total analysis, after N≤30ppm, adds alloy material and carries out trimming, melt to higher-wattage 280kW.After fine melt, carry out stirring sampling analysis, then fill Ar6000Pa and add Mn, treat that contents temperature is suitable and get final product charged tapping.Cast Ф 290mm electrode, redly after the electrode demoulding send annealing.
2,1 ton of consumable electrode vacuum furnace smelting technology:
By electrode cutting tack, electrode must thoroughly be cleaned out, and must not have rust, oil and foul.Consumable remelting is carried out down in one end with shrinkage cavity, selects Ф 360mm crystallizer.Adopt the refining of 2.9kg/min eutectic fast thawing, control electric current 4000 ~ 5000A, voltage 21 ~ 25V, keep final vacuum≤0.1Pa.It is de-after the complete 60min of melting that ingot is red send annealing.Annealing temperature is 680 ~ 730 DEG C, is incubated 12 ~ 16 hours, then stove be chilled to≤500 DEG C after to come out of the stove air cooling.
3, forging process:
Steel ingot to be come out of the stove after 3 hours forging at 1190 DEG C of heating and thermal insulations, in forging process, steel ingot jumping-up once, jumping-up to 54% of former height, to increase forging ratio.Steel ingot melts down and reheats temperature 1130 DEG C, is incubated 80 minutes, opens forging temperature >=1110 DEG C, stops forging temperature >=850 DEG C.Controlling last fire time deflection is 39%.Forging is red afterwards send annealing, annealing temperature 670 ± 10 DEG C, insulation 15-20 hour.Then stove be chilled to≤500 DEG C after to come out of the stove air cooling.
4, thermal treatment process
This steel is incubated 1.5h through normalizing 950 DEG C, air cooling; A tempering 600 DEG C insulation 6h, air cooling; Double tempering 600 DEG C insulation 4h, air cooling.
Embodiment 9: the concrete composition of the alloy of the present embodiment is as shown in table 2.
1,1 ton of vacuum induction melting technique:
Selected highly purified Metal Cr, Mn, Ni, Mo, W, Nb, V and pure iron etc., S, P and Cu content of metal charge is as far as possible low.All furnace charges must clean drying, without greasy dirt, rustless.Except Mn, alloying constituent allocates control specification into, pays special attention to bringing into of S, P, Cu, and C allocates into by 0.49%, and metal M n all reserves and adds after N is qualified.First 100KW small power, to material in electrical pre-heating crucible, vacuumizes until vacuum tightness reaches below 2.7Pa.Until vacuum tightness reach≤2.7Pa time, power is risen to 180kW and starts to melt at a slow speed.After fine melt liquid level keeps calmness to no longer include bubble spilling and fine melt, power is risen to 280kW, keep 8 ~ 12min, fall power and be incubated refining to 120kW after temperature rises to 1570 ~ 1590 DEG C, refining time wants >=60min.Sampling total analysis, after N≤30ppm, adds alloy material and carries out trimming, melt to higher-wattage 280kW.After fine melt, carry out stirring sampling analysis, then fill Ar6000Pa and add Mn, treat that contents temperature is suitable and get final product charged tapping.Cast Ф 290mm electrode, redly after the electrode demoulding send annealing.
2,1 ton of consumable electrode vacuum furnace smelting technology:
By electrode cutting tack, electrode must thoroughly be cleaned out, and must not have rust, oil and foul.Consumable remelting is carried out down in one end with shrinkage cavity, selects Ф 360mm crystallizer.Adopt the refining of 3.0kg/min eutectic fast thawing, control electric current 4000 ~ 5000A, voltage 21 ~ 25V, keep final vacuum≤0.1Pa.It is de-after the complete 60min of melting that ingot is red send annealing.Annealing temperature is 680-730 DEG C, insulation 12-16 hour, then stove be chilled to≤500 DEG C after to come out of the stove air cooling.
3, forging process:
Steel ingot to be come out of the stove after 3 hours forging at 1190 DEG C of heating and thermal insulations, in forging process, steel ingot jumping-up once, jumping-up to 50% of former height, to increase forging ratio.Steel ingot melts down and reheats temperature 1150 DEG C, is incubated 60 minutes, opens forging temperature >=1110 DEG C, stops forging temperature >=850 DEG C.Controlling last fire time deflection is 37%.Forging is red afterwards send annealing, annealing temperature 670 ± 10 DEG C, is incubated 15 ~ 20 hours.Then stove be chilled to≤500 DEG C after to come out of the stove air cooling.
4, thermal treatment process
This steel is incubated 3h through normalizing 940 DEG C, air cooling; A tempering 580 DEG C insulation 7h, air cooling; Double tempering 590 DEG C insulation 4h, air cooling.
Embodiment 10: the concrete composition of the alloy of the present embodiment is as shown in table 2.
1,1 ton of vacuum induction melting technique:
Selected highly purified Metal Cr, Mn, Ni, Mo, W, Nb, V and pure iron etc., S, P and Cu content of metal charge is as far as possible low.All furnace charges must clean drying, without greasy dirt, rustless.Except Mn, alloying constituent allocates control specification into, pays special attention to bringing into of S, P, Cu, and C allocates into by 0.50%, and metal M n all reserves and adds after N is qualified.First 100KW small power, to material in electrical pre-heating crucible, vacuumizes until vacuum tightness reaches below 2.7Pa.Until vacuum tightness reach≤2.7Pa time, power is risen to 180kW and starts to melt at a slow speed.After fine melt liquid level keeps calmness to no longer include bubble spilling and fine melt, power is risen to 280kW, keep 9min, fall power and be incubated refining to 120kW after temperature rises to 1590 DEG C, refining time wants >=60min.Sampling total analysis, after N≤30ppm, adds alloy material and carries out trimming, melt to higher-wattage 280kW.After fine melt, carry out stirring sampling analysis, then fill Ar6000Pa and add Mn, treat that contents temperature is suitable and get final product charged tapping.Cast Ф 290mm electrode, redly after the electrode demoulding send annealing.
2,1 ton of consumable electrode vacuum furnace smelting technology:
By electrode cutting tack, electrode must thoroughly be cleaned out, and must not have rust, oil and foul.Consumable remelting is carried out down in one end with shrinkage cavity, selects Ф 360mm crystallizer.Adopt the refining of 2.5kg/min eutectic fast thawing, control electric current 4000 ~ 5000A, voltage 21 ~ 25V, keep final vacuum≤0.1Pa.It is de-after the complete 60min of melting that ingot is red send annealing.Annealing temperature is 680-730 DEG C, insulation 12-16 hour, then stove be chilled to≤500 DEG C after to come out of the stove air cooling.
3, forging process:
Steel ingot to be come out of the stove after 3 hours forging at 1190 DEG C of heating and thermal insulations, in forging process, steel ingot jumping-up once, jumping-up to former height 55%, to increase forging ratio.Steel ingot melts down and reheats temperature 1150 DEG C, is incubated 60 minutes, opens forging temperature >=1110 DEG C, stops forging temperature >=850 DEG C.Controlling last fire time deflection is 35%.Forging is red afterwards send annealing, annealing temperature 670 ± 10 DEG C, insulation 15-20 hour.Then stove be chilled to≤500 DEG C after to come out of the stove air cooling.
4, thermal treatment process
This steel is incubated 1h through normalizing 940 DEG C, air cooling; A tempering 590 DEG C insulation 5h, air cooling; Double tempering 590 DEG C insulation 3h, air cooling.
Control by above-mentioned technique, the macrostructure of invention steel is in good condition, and inclusion content is considerably less, and homogeneous microstructure is tiny, and its purity is very high, and its macrostructure, grain fineness number and the examination of nonmetallic inclusion are as shown in table 3.Sample 10 stove alloys, after heat treatment carry out mechanical property test, its result is as shown in table 4.The room temperature tensile intensity of invention steel can reach more than 1120MPa, and 380 DEG C of tensile strength can reach more than 950MPa, and room temperature impact toughness can reach more than 60J, and its mechanical property reaches design requirements completely.
The chemical composition contrast of table 1 original patent steel and steel of the present invention
The chemical composition of table 2 steel of the present invention, wt%
| Sequence number | C | Si | Mn | Cr | Ni | Mo | W | V | Nb | O | N |
| 1 | 0.42 | 0.25 | 0.54 | 0.86 | 0.83 | 0.48 | 0.91 | 0.30 | 0.02 | 0.0010 | 0.0016 |
| 2 | 0.45 | 0.31 | 0.48 | 0.91 | 0.92 | 0.46 | 0.85 | 0.25 | 0.017 | 0.0011 | 0.0017 |
| 3 | 0.44 | 0.16 | 0.58 | 0.85 | 0.99 | 0.52 | 0.94 | 0.33 | 0.052 | 0.0009 | 0.0018 |
| 4 | 0.48 | 0.32 | 0.68 | 1.06 | 0.91 | 0.55 | 0.82 | 0.32 | 0.07 | 0.0012 | 0.0018 |
| 5 | 0.46 | 0.22 | 0.61 | 0.88 | 0.85 | 0.63 | 0.96 | 0.30 | 0.08 | 0.0012 | 0.0014 |
| 6 | 0.49 | 0.20 | 0.65 | 0.82 | 0.88 | 0.60 | 0.98 | 0.29 | 0.062 | 0.0012 | 0.0015 |
| 7 | 0.44 | 0.29 | 0.45 | 0.87 | 0.88 | 0.61 | 0.85 | 0.30 | 0.025 | 0.0014 | 0.0016 |
| 8 | 0.46 | 0.28 | 0.60 | 0.85 | 0.95 | 0.58 | 0.92 | 0.31 | 0.028 | 0.0012 | 0.0013 |
| 9 | 0.45 | 0.25 | 0.42 | 0.92 | 0.93 | 0.60 | 0.87 | 0.28 | 0.032 | 0.0009 | 0.0018 |
| 10 | 0.45 | 0.28 | 0.52 | 0.97 | 0.81 | 0.55 | 0.86 | 0.26 | 0.043 | 0.0011 | 0.0016 |
The tissue of table 3 steel of the present invention and inclusion detected result
The mechanical property of table 4 steel of the present invention
High strength low-alloy heat resistant steel of the present invention can be widely used in the equipment such as aerospace, automobile making, boiler, and its successful design and exploitation will bring huge economic benefit, and its market outlook will be very huge.
Last it is noted that above embodiment only in order to illustrate the present invention and and unrestricted technical scheme described in the invention; Therefore, although this specification sheets with reference to each above-mentioned embodiment to present invention has been detailed description, those of ordinary skill in the art should be appreciated that and still can modify to the present invention or equivalent to replace; And all do not depart from technical scheme and the improvement thereof of the spirit and scope of the present invention, it all should be encompassed in right of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. a high-obdurability low-alloy high temperature steel, is characterized in that, comprises the following component of percentage:
C：0.40～0.50％；
Si：0.15～0.35％；
Mn：0.40～0.70％；
Cr：0.80～1.10％；
Ni：0.80～1.00％；
Mo：0.45～0.65％；
W：0.80～1.00％；
V：0.25～0.35％；
Nb：0.015～0.08％；
N：≤0.002％；
O：≤0.0015％；
Surplus is Fe and inevitable impurity.
2. a preparation method for high-obdurability low-alloy high temperature steel as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, comprise the steps:
Water injecting electrode, consumable electrode vacuum furnace remelting after vacuum induction melting, forge and become a useful person and thermal treatment.
3. preparation method according to claim 2, is characterized in that, described vacuum induction melting step comprises following operation:
First carbon is loaded in crucible, again by pure iron, W metal, metal M o, metal W, Metal Cr, metal V, metal Nb, crystallization Si loads crucible, carrying out preheating to crucible to electricity with the power of rated output 30 ~ 40% makes raw material start fusing, and the vacuum tightness of crucible is evacuated to≤2.7Pa after, raw material is made by power ascension to 40 ~ 65% of rated output to continue fusing, after raw material is all fused into molten steel, by power ascension to more than 90% of rated output, keep 8 ~ 12min, after improving temperature to 1570 ~ 1590 DEG C of described molten steel, reduction power carries out insulation refining to 30 ~ 40% of rated output and is not less than 60min, after insulation refining terminates, be filled with rare gas element to the pressure of 6000Pa in crucible after, add metal M n, after metal M n melts by raising power to more than 90% of rated output, carry out sampling analysis, the qualified rear tapping of composition also pours into electrode.
4. preparation method according to claim 2, is characterized in that, described consumable electrode vacuum furnace reflow step comprises following operation:
Electrode is carried out remelting down with one end of shrinkage cavity, and controlling molten speed is 2.5 ~ 3.0kg/min, keeps below final vacuum 0.1Pa, obtains steel ingot.
5. preparation method according to claim 2, is characterized in that, described forging step of becoming a useful person comprises following operation:
By described Heating Steel Ingots to 1170 ~ 1190 DEG C, after insulation 3 ~ 6h, by steel ingot jumping-up to 50 ~ 55% of raw footage, then melt down and be heated to 1130 ~ 1150 DEG C, pull out after insulation 60 ~ 80min, what control pulling opens forging temperature >=1110 DEG C, stops forging temperature >=850 DEG C, last fire time pulling deflection >=35%.
6. preparation method according to claim 2, is characterized in that, the technical parameter of described heat treatment step is:
Normalizing 930 ~ 950 DEG C, insulation 1 ~ 3h, air cooling; A tempering 580 ~ 600 DEG C insulation 5 ~ 7h, air cooling; Double tempering 580 ~ 600 DEG C insulation 3 ~ 5h, air cooling.
7. preparation method according to claim 3, is characterized in that, in described insulation refining process, sampling analysis, after N≤30ppm, adds alloy material and carries out trimming.
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| CN106011425A (en) * | 2016-06-24 | 2016-10-12 | 邢台钢铁有限责任公司 | Hardening and tempering treatment technique for low-alloy heat-resistant steel fasteners |
| CN107267849A (en) * | 2017-05-27 | 2017-10-20 | 太原钢铁(集团)有限公司 | The preparation method of high alloy heat-resistance stainless steel pipe |
| CN112522625A (en) * | 2020-12-01 | 2021-03-19 | 张家港市亨通环形锻件制造有限公司 | Manufacturing process of large rotating gear for wind power generation |
| CN113667904A (en) * | 2021-08-25 | 2021-11-19 | 中航上大高温合金材料股份有限公司 | Low-alloy ultrahigh-strength steel and preparation method thereof |
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