CN105549116A - Method and device for reconstructing lithofacies paleogeography - Google Patents
Method and device for reconstructing lithofacies paleogeography Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a method and a device for reconstructing lithofacies paleogeography, wherein the method comprises the following steps: acquiring exploration data of a stratum, carrying out stratum erosion and loss recovery on the stratum according to the exploration data, and recovering the thickness of the stratum transformed by exposure erosion, wherein the exploration data at least comprises: outcrop data, well drilling data, and seismic data; according to the volume balance principle, performing spatial homing on the distribution and thickness of each stratum, and determining the real spreading characteristics of the stratum in the sedimentary period of each stratum; according to the real spreading characteristics of the stratum in the sedimentary period of each stratum, carrying out spatial homing on lithology and sedimentary facies in a well and an outcrop; constructing a restored lithofacies paleogeography graph according to the lithology and sedimentary facies after the spatial homing and the regional background; and (4) forward modeling is performed by applying a deposition process according to a structural evolution process, and the distribution rule characteristics of the lithofacies after the multi-stage structural change are generated according to the restored lithofacies paleogeographic map.
Description
Technical field
The invention relates to carbonatite lithofacies palaeogeography investigative technique, particularly, is about a kind of method and the device of rebuilding lithofacies palaeogeography.
Background technology
At present, lithofacies paleogeography has become the important means of rebuilding earth history Land-sea Distributions in period, structural setting, basin configuration and sedimentary evolution, it is the achievement in research to sedimentary environment and deposit filling stratum high integrity, in the prediction and exploration of oil, rock gas and other various deposition mineral products, all play an important role.Lithofacies palaeogeography research work mainly experienced by three phases in China: 1. the first stage is the lithofacies palaeogeography compilation work of small scale based on petrifactology or the establishment of geotectonic geology viewpoint, this one-phase mainly passes through the understanding to extinct plants and animal living environment and structural setting, in conjunction with the thick framework lithofacies paleographic map of lithological sequence establishment.What this drawing method reflected is area deposition environment, is not enough to the prediction instructing the resource exploration such as oil, rock gas favorable facies belt; 2. in the medium scale lithofacies palaeogeography compilation stage that subordinate phase is the quantification lithofacies palaeogeography drawing method advocated with professor Feng Zengzhao is representative, quantification becomes the important trend of lithofacies palaeogeography research.Feng Zengzhao professor (1986) the comprehensive graphing method of single factor analysis that proposes in the representational achievement of this one-phase most.The core of this method is all kinds of single key element one-tenth figure respectively to reflection Sedimentary environment, and mutually verifies, eliminate the false and retain the true, multianalysis, comprehensive descision, forms quantitative lithofacies palaeogeography drawing method.This method mainly rely on appear, the upper information of the point such as drilling well carries out isoline compilation, to the compilation of large regions lithofacies palaeogeography, there is outstanding meaning, but the precision needed for meticulous Exploration of Oil And Gas be still weak.3. the phase III is that sequence stratigraphy and tectonics are combined respectively with lithofacies paleogeography, and the former forms sequence-based lithofacies and paleogeography, and the latter forms Tectonic-lithofacies Palaeogeography.Sequence-based lithofacies and paleogeography is basic chronological change screen work unit with sequence of sedimentation, and using systems tract as compilation unit, this drawing method has more tautochronism and instantaneity.Structure, sequence and lithofacies palaeogeography combine by Tectonic-lithofacies Palaeogeography further, take as the leading factor, carry out the reconstruction of lithofacies palaeogeography to set up tectonic sedimentary genetic relationship.The progress of Tectonic-lithofacies Palaeogeography and sequence-based lithofacies and paleogeography, has important facilitation for lithofacies palaeogeography compilation.But still there is some problems: Tectonic-lithofacies Palaeogeography mainly emphasizes structural belt and basin joint study, and the strata sequence that orogenic zone that the change of the basin mountain screen work that recondition causes because of plate activity causes occurs is chaotic, lack, degrade and the change in source area that fault activities causes.Sequence-based lithofacies and paleogeography application sequence stratigraphy method, with the change of transversely sedimentary cycle and controlled key element on Comprehensive Correlation is vertical, and then carries out the compilation in units of system tract.These two kinds of methods all have very important improving for the recovery of Tectonic activity region lithofacies palaeogeography and the raising of large regions tectono paleogeography compilation precision, but still there are the following problems: the former highlights the control action of areal structure in orogenic zone behaviour area, but the effect in the relatively stable district of sedimentary basin is not studied; The sequence dividing Main Basis drilling well of the latter, the case study of appearing and across comparison are as foundation, have ignored the change of stratum deformation that tectonic activity causes and the characteristic such as locus and zone thickness that displacement causes, particularly there is localized clusters that the soft stratums such as mud stone, shale and gypsum-salt rock cause under complex structure environment and interformational sliding up and down, dislocation, thus upper and lower lithological change has not been reflected truly deposit lithology.These problems may be only the problems of error for the compilation of large regions lithofacies palaeogeography, do not affect the understanding of ancient geoaraply general layout.But for resource fine granularing scalability such as oil gas, its precision cannot meet the effect for exploring favorable facies belt and the Favorable Reservoir development belt prediction with directive function.
Summary of the invention
The fundamental purpose of the embodiment of the present invention is to provide a kind of method and the device of rebuilding lithofacies palaeogeography, to overcome the above-mentioned problems in the prior art, thus improves the accuracy of analysis of ancient geoaraply petrofacies.
To achieve these goals, the embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of method of rebuilding lithofacies palaeogeography, described method comprises: the survey data obtaining stratum, according to described survey data, formation carries out strata denudation and disappearance is recovered, recover through exposing the zone thickness degrading transformation, wherein, described survey data at least comprises: data of appearing, well data and geological data; According to volumetric balance principle, spacial migration is carried out to the distribution on each stratum and thickness, determines the true Distribution Characteristics in depositional stage stratum, each stratum; According to the true Distribution Characteristics in described depositional stage stratum, each stratum, drilling well and the lithology in appearing and sedimentary facies are carried out spacial migration; According to the lithology after spacial migration and sedimentary facies, the lithofacies paleographic map after recovering according to regional background structure; According to structural evolution process, application deposition process is just drilled, according to the Distribution Pattern feature of petrofacies after the lithofacies paleographic map generation tectonism of many phases after described recovery.
In one embodiment, according to described survey data, formation carries out strata denudation and disappearance is recovered, recover through exposing the zone thickness degrading transformation, comprise: to construct the paleontological fossil band on stratum, relatively stable district for standard, determine the structure distribution on stratum, by there is lost strata, the out of order stratigraphic division that misplaces is the relatively stable district of structure and structural complex; For the stratum in the relatively stable district of described structure, carry out Strata Comparison in conjunction with seismic constraint, and apply formation tendency method and determine denudation area thickness; For the broken formation in described structural complex, contrast the zone thickness in the nearest relatively stable district of structure, when zone thickness is consistent and deposition lithology does not change, using the zone thickness in the described relatively stable district of nearest structure as the zone thickness of described broken formation.
In one embodiment, according to volumetric balance principle, spacial migration is carried out to the distribution on each stratum and thickness, determine the true Distribution Characteristics in depositional stage stratum, each stratum, comprise: carry out locus recovery according to the energy dryness stratum of described volumetric balance principle to described structural complex, generate the spatial scope on described energy dryness stratum; According to the spatial scope on described energy dryness stratum, application formation tendency method carries out caliper recovery to the mud stone in the plastic formation of described structural complex and shale; For the gypsum-salt rock in the plastic formation of described structural complex, according to the described actual distribution position of creeping into data and appearing data determination gypseous-salt rock, with the bottom boundary that palaeotectonics recovery die bed is grown for gypsum-salt rock, recovered top boundary form and the thickness distribution of described gypseous-salt rock by volumetric balance method.
In one embodiment, according to the true Distribution Characteristics in described depositional stage stratum, each stratum, described drilling well and the lithology in appearing and sedimentary facies are carried out spacial migration, comprise: according to the true Distribution Characteristics in described depositional stage stratum, each stratum, determine the physical location of the characteristically plastid in each stratum, and the computed position of characteristically plastid described in after playback; According to physical location and the computed position of described characteristically plastid, described drilling well and the lithology in appearing and sedimentary facies are carried out spacial migration.
The embodiment of the present invention also provides a kind of device rebuilding lithofacies palaeogeography, described device comprises: zone thickness recovery unit, for obtaining the survey data on stratum, according to described survey data, formation carries out strata denudation and disappearance is recovered, recover through exposing the zone thickness degrading transformation, wherein, described survey data at least comprises: data of appearing, well data and geological data; The true Distribution Characteristics determining unit in stratum, for according to volumetric balance principle, carries out spacial migration to the distribution on each stratum and thickness, determines the true Distribution Characteristics in depositional stage stratum, each stratum; Spacial migration unit, for according to the true Distribution Characteristics in described depositional stage stratum, each stratum, carries out spacial migration by drilling well and the lithology in appearing and sedimentary facies; Lithofacies paleographic map tectonic element, for according to the lithology after spacial migration and sedimentary facies, according to the lithofacies paleographic map after the recovery of regional background structure; Distribution Pattern feature generation unit, for according to structural evolution process, applies deposition process and just drills, according to the Distribution Pattern feature of petrofacies after the lithofacies paleographic map generation tectonism of many phases after described recovery.
In one embodiment, above-mentioned zone thickness recovery unit comprises: stratigraphic division module, for with the paleontological fossil band constructing stratum, relatively stable district for standard, determine the structure distribution on stratum, by there is lost strata, the out of order stratigraphic division that misplaces is the relatively stable district of structure and structural complex; Denudation area, stable region thickness determination module, for the stratum for the relatively stable district of described structure, carries out Strata Comparison in conjunction with seismic constraint, and applies formation tendency method and determine denudation area thickness; Broken formation thickness determination module, for for the broken formation in described structural complex, contrast the zone thickness in the nearest relatively stable district of structure, when zone thickness is consistent and deposition lithology does not change, using the zone thickness in the described relatively stable district of nearest structure as the zone thickness of described broken formation.
In one embodiment, the true Distribution Characteristics determining unit in above-mentioned stratum comprises: energy dryness stratum spatial horizon generation module, for carrying out locus recovery according to the energy dryness stratum of described volumetric balance principle to described structural complex, generate the spatial scope on described energy dryness stratum; Mud shale caliper recovery module, for the spatial scope according to described energy dryness stratum, application formation tendency method carries out caliper recovery to the mud stone in the plastic formation of described structural complex and shale; Gypsum-salt rock thickness distribution module, for the gypsum-salt rock in the plastic formation for described structural complex, according to the described actual distribution position of creeping into data and appearing data determination gypseous-salt rock, with the bottom boundary that palaeotectonics recovery die bed is grown for gypsum-salt rock, recovered top boundary form and the thickness distribution of described gypseous-salt rock by volumetric balance method.
In one embodiment, above-mentioned spacial migration unit comprises: position determination module, for according to the true Distribution Characteristics in described depositional stage stratum, each stratum, determine the physical location of the characteristically plastid in each stratum, and the computed position of characteristically plastid described in after playback; Spacial migration module, for according to the physical location of described characteristically plastid and computed position, carries out spacial migration by described drilling well and the lithology in appearing and sedimentary facies.
The beneficial effect of the embodiment of the present invention is, the present invention is based on " Structure Stratigraphy-sequence " three elements, with stratum spacial migration for core, the carbonatite lithofacies palaeogeography being research object with Superimposed Basins complex structure reconstructs, the geologic information of existing acquisition can be made full use of, rebuilding the carbonatite ancient geoaraply general layout instructing oil-gas geology research when waiting in stratigraphic unit, realizing ancient geoaraply reconstruct more true and reliablely.
Accompanying drawing explanation
In order to be illustrated more clearly in the embodiment of the present invention or technical scheme of the prior art, below the accompanying drawing used required in describing embodiment is briefly described, apparently, accompanying drawing in the following describes is only some embodiments of the present invention, for those of ordinary skill in the art, under the prerequisite not paying creative work, other accompanying drawing can also be obtained according to these accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is the process flow diagram of the method for reconstruction lithofacies palaeogeography according to the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the determination of sedimentation unit in the same time limit according to the embodiment of the present invention and tracking schematic diagram;
Fig. 3 is the carbonate platform sedimentary facies response characteristic schematic diagram according to the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 4 A and Fig. 4 B is the carbonate platform lithofacies palaeogeography schematic diagram according to the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is the stratum based on the spacial migration-rock signature schematic diagram according to the embodiment of the present invention;
The lithofacies palaeogeography comparison diagram that Fig. 6 recovers for different restoration methods;
Fig. 7 is the structural representation of the device of reconstruction lithofacies palaeogeography according to the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 8 is the structural representation of the zone thickness recovery unit 100 according to the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 9 is the structural representation according to the true Distribution Characteristics determining unit 200 in the stratum of the embodiment of the present invention;
Figure 10 is the structural representation of the spacial migration unit 300 according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawing in the embodiment of the present invention, be clearly and completely described the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention, obviously, described embodiment is only the present invention's part embodiment, instead of whole embodiments.Based on the embodiment in the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art, not making the every other embodiment obtained under creative work prerequisite, belong to the scope of protection of the invention.
The embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of method and the device of rebuilding lithofacies palaeogeography.Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is described in detail.
The embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of method of rebuilding lithofacies palaeogeography, and as shown in Figure 1, the method for this reconstruction lithofacies palaeogeography mainly comprises following steps:
Step S101: the survey data obtaining stratum, according to survey data, formation carries out strata denudation and disappearance is recovered, and recover through exposing the zone thickness degrading transformation, wherein, survey data at least comprises: data of appearing, well data and geological data;
Step S102: according to volumetric balance principle, carries out spacial migration to the distribution on each stratum and thickness, determines the true Distribution Characteristics in depositional stage stratum, each stratum;
Step S103: according to the true Distribution Characteristics in depositional stage stratum, each stratum, carries out spacial migration by drilling well and the lithology in appearing and sedimentary facies;
Step S104: according to the lithology after spacial migration and sedimentary facies, the lithofacies paleographic map after recovering according to regional background structure;
Step S105: according to structural evolution process, application deposition process is just drilled, according to the Distribution Pattern feature of petrofacies after the lithofacies paleographic map generation tectonism of many phases after recovery.
By above-mentioned step S101 to step S105, the method of the reconstruction lithofacies palaeogeography of the embodiment of the present invention, utilize existing data, sedimentary basin prototype can be recovered exactly, i.e. real lithofacies palaeogeography depositional setting, under the petrofacies of approaching objective reality grow background, carry out the recovery of sedimentary facies, compared with classic method, can more accurately reflect true geological condition, the study on deposition that there is real difference for this modern Gu of Marine Carbonate Rocks has contrast meaning; Meanwhile, after having recovered primary deposit background, combine with real space spread by Sedimentary facies in drilling well and the point of emergence, lithofacies paleographic map more really and accurately can be worked out, carry out the prediction of favorable facies belt, instruct oil-gas exploration direction, this is that using value of the present invention embodies.
Be described in detail below in conjunction with concrete example each step to the method for the reconstruction lithofacies palaeogeography of the embodiment of the present invention.
Above-mentioned steps S101, obtains the survey data on stratum, and according to survey data, formation carries out strata denudation and disappearance is recovered, and recovers through exposing the zone thickness degrading transformation.Wherein, above-mentioned survey data at least comprises: data of appearing, well data and geological data etc.The key issue that this step solves is that the stratum by being degraded is recovered, and recovers sedimentary boundaries.
Particularly, combined structure movement background, use appear, the data such as drilling well and earthquake, by paleontological fossil, Sequence stratigraphy, formation tendency method carries out strata denudation and disappearance is recovered, recover, through exposing the zone thickness degrading transformation, to specify sedimentary boundaries.
First, there is the paleontological fossil band research of strict significance of times for starting point, the preliminary comparison on stratum in study area is carried out.To construct relatively stable district Study On Paleontology fossil as standard, district contrasts with structural deformation, confirms to there is lost strata, misplace out of order stratum, and be divided into the relatively stable district of structure and structural complex.
Then, based on extinct plants and animal Strata Comparison, carry out Strata Comparison in conjunction with seismic constraint, and apply formation tendency method and carry out denudation area thickness.
For the relatively stable district of structure, the recovery of TST (true strata thickness) can be completed by this step.
For the broken formation of structural complex, the zone thickness in contrast around adjacent, nearest with the broken formation relatively stable district of structure.As more consistent in surrounding area thickness and deposition lithology and sedimentary environment do not change, then replace the thickness of the broken formation of this structural complex around with the zone thickness in adjacent, nearest with the broken formation relatively stable district of structure.
In one embodiment, the subterranean formation zone being undertaken studying by the method is in the Yanshan Mountain-Early Himalaya tectonic movement late, there is strong compressional movement, application well shake joint interpretation, finds to there is a large-scale reverse thrust in this subterranean formation zone, as shown in Figure 2, this fracture causes the disappearance of shallow stratum,, in deep along plastic formation slippage, clearly there is lost strata, repetition, out of order phenomenon in this area in the repetition on stratum, middle part.On this basis, application formation tendency method recovers shallow-layer denudation, as shown in Figure 3.
Above-mentioned steps S102, according to volumetric balance principle, carries out spacial migration to the distribution on each stratum and thickness, determines the true Distribution Characteristics in depositional stage stratum, each stratum.
In the specific implementation, be with region evolves rule for instructing, utilization volumetric balance principle, carries out the three dimensions playback of different times stratum, recovers the true Distribution Characteristics in depositional stage stratum, each stratum.
For (namely in tectonic activity, broken or fracture can only occur in dryness stratum, and not easily there is the stratum of plastic yield), adopt volumetric balance principle (namely after sedimentation, thickness removes compacting or degrades and remains unchanged), carry out the recovery of locus, generate the spatial scope on energy dryness stratum.
With the energy dryness stratum of above-mentioned recovery for foundation, the distribution of plastic formation and thickness are recovered.For mud, shale, with structurally stable region mud, shale thickness for foundation, the stratum spatial scope after recovering by energy dryness stratum, uses tendency method to carry out caliper recovery.For gypsum-salt rock, because its plastic yield is strong, and lateral transfer ability is strong, and the result that otherness is assembled can represent its actual thickness without any the thickness in area.For gypsum and salt rock formation, using drilling well, appear in containing the appearance position of cream, saliferous strata as the actual distribution position of gypseous-salt rock, with the bottom boundary that palaeotectonics recovery die bed is grown for gypsum-salt rock, recover its top boundary form and thickness distribution by volumetric balance method.
The subterranean formation zone carrying out studying in embodiments of the present invention has 5 cover stratum, respectively with mud shale, pierite and limestone for principal lithologic, wherein the most easily find conodont sample in limestone, also easily find in the limestone interlayer in pierite.As shown in Figure 3, according to outcrop complete bio bed succession and rock signature research, 6 key fossil zones can be divided into contrast, be aided with Sedimentary Features And Stratigraphical Correlation, carry out the stratum playback of single section, content is known as shown in Figure 3, and this section detachment layers dislocation distance occurs up and down and reaches 13Km, directly has influence on the research to sedimentary evolution sequence.
After determining the true Distribution Characteristics in depositional stage stratum, each stratum, by above-mentioned steps S103, according to the true Distribution Characteristics in depositional stage stratum, each stratum, drilling well and the lithology in appearing and sedimentary facies are carried out spacial migration.According to the true Distribution Characteristics in depositional stage stratum, each stratum, determine the physical location of the characteristically plastid in each stratum, and the computed position of characteristically plastid after playback; According to physical location and the computed position of characteristically plastid, drilling well and the lithology in appearing and sedimentary facies are carried out spacial migration.
With SEQUENCE STRATIGRAPHIC, paleontological fossil band and lithological combination for object, based on the true Distribution Characteristics in depositional stage stratum, each stratum recovered, drilling well and the lithology on appearing and sedimentary facies are carried out spacial migration.On the basis that above-mentioned steps S102 recovers the true Distribution Characteristics in depositional stage stratum, each stratum and sequence, to sedimentary facies and the lithology expansion comparative study of individual well, as shown in Figure 4 A, well A, well C bore and meet the good reservoir of reef-beach body in stratum 2, stratum 3, well A, well D bore and meet reef flat body in stratum 5, in the contrast of drilling well now, there is no clear and definite rule.As shown in Figure 4 B, after ground sheaf space recovers, well C-1 (the position after drilling well C spacial migration can be found, to be drilling well C at this layer bore its lithology meets lithology) to bore the reef flat body vertical position that the reef flat body of meeting and well D bore in the stratum 5 of meeting suitable, can contrast with the combination of well A, and reef flat body growth has relatively adoptive deposition characteristics on landforms, therefore tentatively can assert that this region also exists the rule that inheritance grows reef flat body, form sharp contrast with mixed and disorderly disorder distribution when not carrying out stratum spatial homing.
As the beginning, launch the stratum based on the spacial migration-lithology research of the whole district, as shown in Figure 5, clearly can may there are two reef flat body development belt, one end well A-well E-well G that obvious structural deformation-displacement does not occur on stratum is a reef flat body development belt, stratum 2, stratum 3, reef flat body is had to grow in stratum 5, at fault activities side well C, well F, well H originally bores the position interval of meeting reef beach and there is no rule, after locus is recovered, find in stratum 5, well H, well D bores the reef beach of meeting and (is positioned at below the mud shale plasticity detachment layers of walking of rupturing, there is not extensive displacement and deformation) roughly in same strap, roughly parallel with well A-well E-well G Reef & bank band.And the well F-1 (position after well F spacial migration, lithology is well F lithology) reef beach and the well C-1 (position after well C spacial migration, lithology is well C lithology) position, reef beach be also bring identical, therefore can infer to there is such reef beach band, the reef flat body spatially vertical rule that there is inheritance and grow in depositional stage stratum 2, stratum 3, stratum 5, but due to the growth of thrust faults, and the displacement that different parts occurs is different, stratum 2, stratum 3 are misplaced with the reef flat body in stratum 5, have impact on the understanding to deposition rule.
Step S104, according to the lithology after spacial migration and sedimentary facies, the lithofacies paleographic map after recovering according to regional background structure.
Be changed to standard with the lithology after spacial migration and deposition, calmodulin binding domain CaM Background Construction recover after have more Impersonal authenticity lithofacies paleographic map.On the basis of above-mentioned steps S103 work, the ancient geoaraply map of real reflection deposition looks can be constructed, and contrast with the ancient geoaraply map that traditional research method is formed, as shown in Figure 6.Wherein, shown in (a), (b) in Fig. 6, for the lithofacies palaeogeography map that classic method is recovered, well A-well E-well G be there is not to the area of space stratum deformation dislocation, petrofacies understanding is basic consistent with the method for the reconstruction lithofacies palaeogeography of the embodiment of the present invention, but in other drilling well in tectonic activity area, lack regular to the understanding of sedimentary facies, more not there is the possibility of prediction.Shown in (c), (d) in Fig. 6, for the lithofacies palaeogeography map that the method for the reconstruction lithofacies palaeogeography of the embodiment of the present invention is recovered, as seen from the figure, stratum 3 there occurs serious stratum and shortens, therefore the map sheet after recovering exceedes scope now, stratum 5 does not deform, and map sheet does not change.After replying based on ground sheaf space, again after contrasting the vertical lithological sequence relation on true sedimentation condition sub-surface 3 and stratum 5, reef flat body band can be there is by clear understanding (referring to the position of depositional stage here) near the wells such as well H, well D, and it is parallel with the biological reef fairway of well A-well E-well G, infer that this region should be multiple reef beaches band along the parallel distribution of certain orientation, thus recognize the deposition rule in this district.
Above-mentioned steps S105, according to structural evolution process, application deposition process is just drilled, according to the Distribution Pattern feature of petrofacies after the lithofacies paleographic map generation tectonism of many phases after recovery.
Combined structure evolutionary process, application deposition process is just drilled, and completes the Distribution Pattern of stage (namely after tectonism of many phases) petrofacies now, and then realizes the target of sedimentary facies and lithology prediction.In stratum 5, stratum does not change, and therefore structure recovers map and not larger change now, therefore can directly apply to Oil-gas Exploration Practice.But the lithofacies palaeogeography of stratum 3 after space is recovered, due to the tectonic movement of many phases in later stage, with position difference is large now, therefore (its process is the inverse process of structure playback to need structure just to drill, be not described in detail in this), and the stratum Present site lithology of recovery is positioned at now, as shown in (e) in Fig. 6, thus instruct oil-gas exploration.
By the method for the reconstruction lithofacies palaeogeography of the embodiment of the present invention, make full use of existing data, sedimentary basin prototype can be recovered exactly, i.e. real lithofacies palaeogeography depositional setting, under the petrofacies of approaching objective reality grow background, carry out the recovery of sedimentary facies, compared with classic method, can more accurately reflect true geological condition, the study on deposition that there is real difference for this modern Gu of Marine Carbonate Rocks has contrast meaning, and this is theory value of the present invention; Meanwhile, after having recovered primary deposit background, combine with real space spread by Sedimentary facies in drilling well and the point of emergence, lithofacies paleographic map more really and accurately can be worked out, carry out the prediction of favorable facies belt, instruct oil-gas exploration direction, this is that using value of the present invention embodies.
The embodiment of the present invention also provides a kind of device rebuilding lithofacies palaeogeography, as shown in Figure 7, the device of this reconstruction lithofacies palaeogeography mainly comprises: zone thickness recovery unit 100, the true Distribution Characteristics determining unit 200 in stratum, spacial migration unit 300, lithofacies paleographic map tectonic element 400 and Distribution Pattern feature generation unit 500 etc.
Wherein, zone thickness recovery unit 100 for obtaining the survey data on stratum, according to survey data, formation carries out strata denudation and disappearance is recovered, recover through exposing the zone thickness degrading transformation, wherein, survey data at least comprises: data of appearing, well data and geological data; The true Distribution Characteristics determining unit 200 in stratum for according to volumetric balance principle, is carried out spacial migration to the distribution on each stratum and thickness, is determined the true Distribution Characteristics in depositional stage stratum, each stratum; Drilling well and the lithology in appearing and sedimentary facies for according to the true Distribution Characteristics in depositional stage stratum, each stratum, are carried out spacial migration by spacial migration unit 300; Lithofacies paleographic map tectonic element 400, for according to the lithology after spacial migration and sedimentary facies, constructs the lithofacies paleographic map after recovering according to regional background; Distribution Pattern feature generation unit 500, for according to structural evolution process, is applied deposition process and is just drilled, according to the Distribution Pattern feature of petrofacies after the lithofacies paleographic map generation tectonism of many phases after recovery.
By each above-mentioned component units, the device of the reconstruction lithofacies palaeogeography of the embodiment of the present invention, utilize existing data, sedimentary basin prototype can be recovered exactly, i.e. real lithofacies palaeogeography depositional setting, under the petrofacies of approaching objective reality grow background, carry out the recovery of sedimentary facies, compared with conventional apparatus, can more accurately reflect true geological condition, the study on deposition that there is real difference for this modern Gu of Marine Carbonate Rocks has contrast meaning; Meanwhile, after having recovered primary deposit background, combine with real space spread by Sedimentary facies in drilling well and the point of emergence, lithofacies paleographic map more really and accurately can be worked out, carry out the prediction of favorable facies belt, instruct oil-gas exploration direction, this is that using value of the present invention embodies.
Be described in detail below in conjunction with concrete example each component units to the device of the reconstruction lithofacies palaeogeography of the embodiment of the present invention.
Above-mentioned zone thickness recovery unit 100, for obtaining the survey data on stratum, according to survey data, formation carries out strata denudation and disappearance is recovered, and recovers through exposing the zone thickness degrading transformation.Wherein, above-mentioned survey data at least comprises: data of appearing, well data and geological data etc.The key issue that this zone thickness recovery unit 100 solves is that the stratum by being degraded is recovered, and recovers sedimentary boundaries.
Particularly, combined structure movement background, use appear, the data such as drilling well and earthquake, by paleontological fossil, Sequence stratigraphy, formation tendency method carries out strata denudation and disappearance is recovered, recover, through exposing the zone thickness degrading transformation, to specify sedimentary boundaries.In one embodiment, as shown in Figure 8, this zone thickness recovery unit 100 comprises: stratigraphic division module 101, denudation area, stable region thickness determination module 102 and broken formation thickness determination module 103.
Wherein, this stratigraphic division module 101, to have the paleontological fossil band research of strict significance of times for starting point, carries out the preliminary comparison on stratum in study area.To construct relatively stable district Study On Paleontology fossil as standard, district contrasts with structural deformation, confirms to there is lost strata, misplace out of order stratum, and be divided into the relatively stable district of structure and structural complex.
Denudation area, stable region thickness determination module 102, based on extinct plants and animal Strata Comparison, carries out Strata Comparison in conjunction with seismic constraint, and applies formation tendency method and carry out denudation area thickness.For the relatively stable district of structure, the recovery of TST (true strata thickness) can be completed by this denudation area, stable region thickness determination module 102.
Broken formation thickness determination module 103 for the broken formation of structural complex, the zone thickness in contrast around adjacent, nearest with the broken formation relatively stable district of structure.As more consistent in surrounding area thickness and deposition lithology and sedimentary environment do not change, then replace the thickness of the broken formation of this structural complex around with the zone thickness in adjacent, nearest with the broken formation relatively stable district of structure.
In one embodiment, the device of the reconstruction lithofacies palaeogeography of the embodiment of the present invention carry out studying subterranean formation zone be in the Yanshan Mountain-Early Himalaya tectonic movement late, there is strong compressional movement, application well shake joint interpretation, finds to there is a large-scale reverse thrust in this subterranean formation zone, as shown in Figure 2, this fracture causes the disappearance of shallow stratum,, in deep along plastic formation slippage, clearly there is lost strata, repetition, out of order phenomenon in this area in the repetition on stratum, middle part.On this basis, application formation tendency method recovers shallow-layer denudation, as shown in Figure 3.
The true Distribution Characteristics determining unit 200 in above-mentioned stratum, for according to volumetric balance principle, carries out spacial migration to the distribution on each stratum and thickness, determines the true Distribution Characteristics in depositional stage stratum, each stratum.
In the specific implementation, be with region evolves rule for instructing, utilization volumetric balance principle, carries out the three dimensions playback of different times stratum, recovers the true Distribution Characteristics in depositional stage stratum, each stratum.In one embodiment, as shown in Figure 9, the true Distribution Characteristics determining unit 200 in this stratum comprises: can dryness stratum spatial horizon generation module 201, mud shale caliper recovery module 202 and gypsum-salt rock thickness distribution module 203.
Wherein, (namely broken or fracture can be only there is in tectonic activity by dryness stratum spatial horizon generation module 201 for energy dryness stratum, and not easily there is the stratum of plastic yield), adopt volumetric balance principle (namely after sedimentation, thickness removes compacting or degrades and remains unchanged), carry out the recovery of locus, generate the spatial scope on energy dryness stratum.
Mud shale caliper recovery module 202, is recovered the distribution of plastic formation and thickness for foundation with the energy dryness stratum of above-mentioned recovery.For mud, shale, with structurally stable region mud, shale thickness for foundation, the stratum spatial scope after recovering by energy dryness stratum, uses tendency method to carry out caliper recovery.
For gypsum-salt rock, because its plastic yield is strong, and lateral transfer ability is strong, and the result that otherness is assembled can represent its actual thickness without any the thickness in area.Therefore, gypsum-salt rock thickness distribution module 203 is for gypsum and salt rock formation, using drilling well, appear in containing the appearance position of cream, saliferous strata as the actual distribution position of gypseous-salt rock, with the bottom boundary that palaeotectonics recovery die bed is grown for gypsum-salt rock, recover its top boundary form and thickness distribution by volumetric balance method.
The subterranean formation zone carrying out studying in embodiments of the present invention has 5 cover stratum, respectively with mud shale, pierite and limestone for principal lithologic, wherein the most easily find conodont sample in limestone, also easily find in the limestone interlayer in pierite.As shown in Figure 3, according to outcrop complete bio bed succession and rock signature research, 6 key fossil zones can be divided into contrast, be aided with Sedimentary Features And Stratigraphical Correlation, carry out the stratum playback of single section, content is known as shown in Figure 3, and this section detachment layers dislocation distance occurs up and down and reaches 13Km, directly has influence on the research to sedimentary evolution sequence.
After determining the true Distribution Characteristics in depositional stage stratum, each stratum, by above-mentioned spacial migration unit 300, according to the true Distribution Characteristics in depositional stage stratum, each stratum, drilling well and the lithology in appearing and sedimentary facies are carried out spacial migration.Particularly, as shown in Figure 10, this spacial migration unit 300 comprises: position determination module 301 and spacial migration module 302.Wherein, position determination module 301, for according to the true Distribution Characteristics in depositional stage stratum, each stratum, determines the physical location of the characteristically plastid in each stratum, and the computed position of characteristically plastid after playback; Spacial migration module 302, for according to the physical location of characteristically plastid and computed position, carries out spacial migration by drilling well and the lithology in appearing and sedimentary facies.
With SEQUENCE STRATIGRAPHIC, paleontological fossil band and lithological combination for object, based on the true Distribution Characteristics in depositional stage stratum, each stratum recovered, drilling well and the lithology on appearing and sedimentary facies are carried out spacial migration.Recover on the basis of the true Distribution Characteristics in depositional stage stratum, each stratum and sequence in above-mentioned stratum true Distribution Characteristics determining unit 200, to sedimentary facies and the lithology expansion comparative study of individual well, as shown in Figure 4 A, well A, well C bore and meet the good reservoir of reef-beach body in stratum 2, stratum 3, well A, well D bore and meet reef flat body in stratum 5, in the contrast of drilling well now, there is no clear and definite rule.As shown in Figure 4 B, after ground sheaf space recovers, well C-1 (the position after drilling well C spacial migration can be found, to be drilling well C at this layer bore its lithology meets lithology) to bore the reef flat body vertical position that the reef flat body of meeting and well D bore in the stratum 5 of meeting suitable, can contrast with the combination of well A, and reef flat body growth has relatively adoptive deposition characteristics on landforms, therefore tentatively can assert that this region also exists the rule that inheritance grows reef flat body, form sharp contrast with mixed and disorderly disorder distribution when not carrying out stratum spatial homing.
As the beginning, launch the stratum based on the spacial migration-lithology research of the whole district, as shown in Figure 5, clearly can may there are two reef flat body development belt, one end well A-well E-well G that obvious structural deformation-displacement does not occur on stratum is a reef flat body development belt, stratum 2, stratum 3, reef flat body is had to grow in stratum 5, at fault activities side well C, well F, well H originally bores the position interval of meeting reef beach and there is no rule, after locus is recovered, find in stratum 5, well H, well D bores the reef beach of meeting and (is positioned at below the mud shale plasticity detachment layers of walking of rupturing, there is not extensive displacement and deformation) roughly in same strap, roughly parallel with well A-well E-well G Reef & bank band.And the well F-1 (position after well F spacial migration, lithology is well F lithology) reef beach and the well C-1 (position after well C spacial migration, lithology is well C lithology) position, reef beach be also bring identical, therefore can infer to there is such reef beach band, the reef flat body spatially vertical rule that there is inheritance and grow in depositional stage stratum 2, stratum 3, stratum 5, but due to the growth of thrust faults, and the displacement that different parts occurs is different, stratum 2, stratum 3 are misplaced with the reef flat body in stratum 5, have impact on the understanding to deposition rule.
Lithofacies paleographic map tectonic element 400, for according to the lithology after spacial migration and sedimentary facies, according to the lithofacies paleographic map after the recovery of regional background structure.
Be changed to standard with the lithology after spacial migration and deposition, calmodulin binding domain CaM Background Construction recover after have more Impersonal authenticity lithofacies paleographic map.On the basis of the work of above-mentioned spacial migration unit 300, the ancient geoaraply map of real reflection deposition looks can be constructed, and contrast with the ancient geoaraply map that traditional research device is formed, as shown in Figure 6.Wherein, shown in (a), (b) in Fig. 6, for the lithofacies palaeogeography map that conventional apparatus is recovered, well A-well E-well G be there is not to the area of space stratum deformation dislocation, petrofacies understanding is basic consistent with the device of the reconstruction lithofacies palaeogeography of the embodiment of the present invention, but in other drilling well in tectonic activity area, lack regular to the understanding of sedimentary facies, more not there is the possibility of prediction.Shown in (c), (d) in Fig. 6, for the lithofacies palaeogeography map that the device of the reconstruction lithofacies palaeogeography of the embodiment of the present invention recovers, as seen from the figure, stratum 3 there occurs serious stratum and shortens, therefore the map sheet after recovering exceedes scope now, stratum 5 does not deform, and map sheet does not change.After replying based on ground sheaf space, again after contrasting the vertical lithological sequence relation on true sedimentation condition sub-surface 3 and stratum 5, reef flat body band can be there is by clear understanding (referring to the position of depositional stage here) near the wells such as well H, well D, and it is parallel with the biological reef fairway of well A-well E-well G, infer that this region should be multiple reef beaches band along the parallel distribution of certain orientation, thus recognize the deposition rule in this district.
Above-mentioned Distribution Pattern feature generation unit 500, for according to structural evolution process, applies deposition process and just drills, according to the Distribution Pattern feature of petrofacies after the lithofacies paleographic map generation tectonism of many phases after recovery.
Combined structure evolutionary process, application deposition process is just drilled, and completes the Distribution Pattern of stage (namely after tectonism of many phases) petrofacies now, and then realizes the target of sedimentary facies and lithology prediction.In stratum 5, stratum does not change, and therefore structure recovers map and not larger change now, therefore can directly apply to Oil-gas Exploration Practice.But the lithofacies palaeogeography of stratum 3 after space is recovered, due to the tectonic movement of many phases in later stage, with position difference is large now, therefore (its process is the inverse process of structure playback to need structure just to drill, be not described in detail in this), and the stratum Present site lithology of recovery is positioned at now, as shown in (e) in Fig. 6, thus instruct oil-gas exploration.
By the device of the reconstruction lithofacies palaeogeography of the embodiment of the present invention, make full use of existing data, sedimentary basin prototype can be recovered exactly, i.e. real lithofacies palaeogeography depositional setting, under the petrofacies of approaching objective reality grow background, carry out the recovery of sedimentary facies, compared with classic method, can more accurately reflect true geological condition, the study on deposition that there is real difference for this modern Gu of Marine Carbonate Rocks has contrast meaning, and this is theory value of the present invention; Meanwhile, after having recovered primary deposit background, combine with real space spread by Sedimentary facies in drilling well and the point of emergence, lithofacies paleographic map more really and accurately can be worked out, carry out the prediction of favorable facies belt, instruct oil-gas exploration direction, this is that using value of the present invention embodies.
One of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the hardware that all or part of step realized in above-described embodiment method can carry out instruction relevant by program has come, this program can be stored in a computer read/write memory medium, such as ROM/RAM, magnetic disc, CD etc.
Above-described specific embodiment; object of the present invention, technical scheme and beneficial effect are further described; be understood that; the foregoing is only specific embodiments of the invention; the protection domain be not intended to limit the present invention; within the spirit and principles in the present invention all, any amendment made, equivalent replacement, improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. rebuild a method for lithofacies palaeogeography, it is characterized in that, described method comprises:
Obtain the survey data on stratum, according to described survey data, formation carries out strata denudation and disappearance is recovered, and recover through exposing the zone thickness degrading transformation, wherein, described survey data at least comprises: data of appearing, well data and geological data;
According to volumetric balance principle, spacial migration is carried out to the distribution on each stratum and thickness, determines the true Distribution Characteristics in depositional stage stratum, each stratum;
According to the true Distribution Characteristics in described depositional stage stratum, each stratum, drilling well and the lithology in appearing and sedimentary facies are carried out spacial migration;
According to the lithology after spacial migration and sedimentary facies, the lithofacies paleographic map after recovering according to regional background structure;
According to structural evolution process, application deposition process is just drilled, according to the Distribution Pattern feature of petrofacies after the lithofacies paleographic map generation tectonism of many phases after described recovery.
2. the method for reconstruction lithofacies palaeogeography according to claim 1, is characterized in that, according to described survey data, formation carries out strata denudation and disappearance is recovered, and recovers, through exposing the zone thickness degrading transformation, to comprise:
To construct the paleontological fossil band on stratum, relatively stable district for standard, determine the structure distribution on stratum, by there is lost strata, the out of order stratigraphic division that misplaces is the relatively stable district of structure and structural complex;
For the stratum in the relatively stable district of described structure, carry out Strata Comparison in conjunction with seismic constraint, and apply formation tendency method and determine denudation area thickness;
For the broken formation in described structural complex, contrast the zone thickness in the nearest relatively stable district of structure, when zone thickness is consistent and deposition lithology does not change, using the zone thickness in the described relatively stable district of nearest structure as the zone thickness of described broken formation.
3. the method for reconstruction lithofacies palaeogeography according to claim 2, is characterized in that, according to volumetric balance principle, carries out spacial migration, determine the true Distribution Characteristics in depositional stage stratum, each stratum, comprising the distribution on each stratum and thickness:
Carry out locus recovery according to the energy dryness stratum of described volumetric balance principle to described structural complex, generate the spatial scope on described energy dryness stratum;
According to the spatial scope on described energy dryness stratum, application formation tendency method carries out caliper recovery to the mud stone in the plastic formation of described structural complex and shale;
For the gypsum-salt rock in the plastic formation of described structural complex, according to the described actual distribution position of creeping into data and appearing data determination gypseous-salt rock, with the bottom boundary that palaeotectonics recovery die bed is grown for gypsum-salt rock, recovered top boundary form and the thickness distribution of described gypseous-salt rock by volumetric balance method.
4. the method for reconstruction lithofacies palaeogeography according to claim 3, is characterized in that, according to the true Distribution Characteristics in described depositional stage stratum, each stratum, described drilling well and the lithology in appearing and sedimentary facies is carried out spacial migration, comprising:
According to the true Distribution Characteristics in described depositional stage stratum, each stratum, determine the physical location of the characteristically plastid in each stratum, and the computed position of characteristically plastid described in after playback;
According to physical location and the computed position of described characteristically plastid, described drilling well and the lithology in appearing and sedimentary facies are carried out spacial migration.
5. rebuild a device for lithofacies palaeogeography, it is characterized in that, described device comprises:
Zone thickness recovery unit, for obtaining the survey data on stratum, according to described survey data, formation carries out strata denudation and disappearance is recovered, recover through exposing the zone thickness degrading transformation, wherein, described survey data at least comprises: data of appearing, well data and geological data;
The true Distribution Characteristics determining unit in stratum, for according to volumetric balance principle, carries out spacial migration to the distribution on each stratum and thickness, determines the true Distribution Characteristics in depositional stage stratum, each stratum;
Spacial migration unit, for according to the true Distribution Characteristics in described depositional stage stratum, each stratum, carries out spacial migration by drilling well and the lithology in appearing and sedimentary facies;
Lithofacies paleographic map tectonic element, for according to the lithology after spacial migration and sedimentary facies, according to the lithofacies paleographic map after the recovery of regional background structure;
Distribution Pattern feature generation unit, for according to structural evolution process, applies deposition process and just drills, according to the Distribution Pattern feature of petrofacies after the lithofacies paleographic map generation tectonism of many phases after described recovery.
6. the device of reconstruction lithofacies palaeogeography according to claim 5, is characterized in that, described zone thickness recovery unit comprises:
Stratigraphic division module, for the paleontological fossil band constructing stratum, relatively stable district for standard, determine the structure distribution on stratum, by there is lost strata, the out of order stratigraphic division that misplaces is the relatively stable district of structure and structural complex;
Denudation area, stable region thickness determination module, for the stratum for the relatively stable district of described structure, carries out Strata Comparison in conjunction with seismic constraint, and applies formation tendency method and determine denudation area thickness;
Broken formation thickness determination module, for for the broken formation in described structural complex, contrast the zone thickness in the nearest relatively stable district of structure, when zone thickness is consistent and deposition lithology does not change, using the zone thickness in the described relatively stable district of nearest structure as the zone thickness of described broken formation.
7. the device of reconstruction lithofacies palaeogeography according to claim 6, is characterized in that, the true Distribution Characteristics determining unit in described stratum comprises:
Energy dryness stratum spatial horizon generation module, for carrying out locus recovery according to the energy dryness stratum of described volumetric balance principle to described structural complex, generates the spatial scope on described energy dryness stratum;
Mud shale caliper recovery module, for the spatial scope according to described energy dryness stratum, application formation tendency method carries out caliper recovery to the mud stone in the plastic formation of described structural complex and shale;
Gypsum-salt rock thickness distribution module, for the gypsum-salt rock in the plastic formation for described structural complex, according to the described actual distribution position of creeping into data and appearing data determination gypseous-salt rock, with the bottom boundary that palaeotectonics recovery die bed is grown for gypsum-salt rock, recovered top boundary form and the thickness distribution of described gypseous-salt rock by volumetric balance method.
8. the device of reconstruction lithofacies palaeogeography according to claim 7, is characterized in that, described spacial migration unit comprises:
Position determination module, for according to the true Distribution Characteristics in described depositional stage stratum, each stratum, determines the physical location of the characteristically plastid in each stratum, and the computed position of characteristically plastid described in after playback;
Spacial migration module, for according to the physical location of described characteristically plastid and computed position, carries out spacial migration by described drilling well and the lithology in appearing and sedimentary facies.
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| CN113985476B (en) * | 2020-07-27 | 2024-04-30 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Stratum ancient structure recovery method, device, equipment and readable storage medium |
| CN112068201A (en) * | 2020-09-29 | 2020-12-11 | 中国地质大学（北京） | Exploration method for ancient ridge edge unconformity V-belt |
| CN112068201B (en) * | 2020-09-29 | 2021-10-01 | 中国地质大学（北京） | Exploration method for ancient ridge edge unconformity V-belt |
| CN112697787A (en) * | 2020-12-08 | 2021-04-23 | 新疆大学 | Method for determining ancient wind direction through distribution rule of oolitic beach on carbonate rock platform |
| CN114442192A (en) * | 2022-01-24 | 2022-05-06 | 西南石油大学 | Carbonate rock lithofacies paleogeography fine recovery method and system based on sequence stratigraphy |
| CN114442192B (en) * | 2022-01-24 | 2024-05-31 | 西南石油大学 | Carbonate rock facies paleogeographic fine restoration method and system based on layer sequence stratigraphy |
| CN115576011A (en) * | 2022-09-30 | 2023-01-06 | 北京福瑞宝能源科技有限公司 | Phased reservoir prediction method, device and system based on geological model |
| CN115576011B (en) * | 2022-09-30 | 2023-11-10 | 北京福瑞宝能源科技有限公司 | Geological model-based phased reservoir prediction method, device and system |
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