CN105548902A - Power lithium ion battery cycle life equivalent test method - Google Patents
Power lithium ion battery cycle life equivalent test method Download PDFInfo
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- CN105548902A CN105548902A CN201610009351.8A CN201610009351A CN105548902A CN 105548902 A CN105548902 A CN 105548902A CN 201610009351 A CN201610009351 A CN 201610009351A CN 105548902 A CN105548902 A CN 105548902A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/382—Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC
Abstract
The invention discloses a power lithium ion battery cycle life equivalent test method, and brings forward an equivalent cycle life test method realized by simulating an actual running environment for a pure electric vehicle running environment. The method comprises erecting a pure electric vehicle test platform, acquiring pure electric vehicle real-vehicle running data, and analyzing and extracting a vehicle running condition reflecting a pure electric vehicle running feature; extracting vehicle driving working condition test stress; extracting discharge depth test stress of a power lithium ion battery; extracting working temperature test stress of the power lithium ion battery; and according to the extracted test stress, selecting a scope of different test stress reflecting actual conditions, and designing a complete cycle life equivalent test scheme simulating the working state of the power lithium ion battery in an actual pure electric vehicle running environment through combination. According to the method, the test result has certain guidance significance for actual application.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of power lithium-ion battery cycle life method of testing, particularly a kind of for laboratory simulation and the power lithium-ion battery cycle life equivalent detecting method quantizing the lower cell degradation mechanism of actual pure electric vehicle application.
Background technology
Energy crisis and environmental pollution have become whole world facing, problem demanding prompt solution, and countries in the world accelerate to promote transportation and energy strategic transformation, accelerate development and to apply with electric automobile be that the new-energy automobile of representative has become whole world common recognition.
New-energy automobile is confirmed as one of China seven great strategy new industry.Electrokinetic cell as one of the gordian technique of new-energy automobile, technical bottleneck of its development especially.In order to effectively grasp the key job external characteristics of electrokinetic cell under different using forestland, analyze the agine mechaism of its inherence, and diagnosis and the estimation of electrokinetic cell state can be instructed, often need to carry out a large amount of systematic life test.
But the impact that cell operating conditions is different on its aging generation with the effect of intercoupling of operational mode, causes the ageing process of battery extremely complicated.Battery can experience the different combinations using and shelve the time in the actual use procedure of vehicle environmental, and spans great temperature and SOC (state-of-charge) interval.Meanwhile, the initial inconsistency of battery, different series-parallel systems, and different installation sites all will cause each cell in electric battery to be in different running environment, especially temperature, in final electric battery, each cell is by decline paths different for experience, reaches different ageing states.
At present, most of battery life method of testing is all performance for assessment of battery and decline, does not consider the path dependence of cell degradation process, and test result is very few to the help solving actual application problem.Thus, how for concrete real vehicle running environment, choose the battery life equivalent stress condition for laboratory test, determine the equivalent cycle life testing method of simulating actual motion environment, for simulating and quantize the aging mechanism of the lower battery of actual pure electric vehicle application, remain the problem that has challenge and importance.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to propose a kind of power lithium-ion battery cycle life equivalent detecting method, actual pure electric vehicle running environment can be simulated in laboratory conditions as far as possible and quantize corresponding power lithium-ion battery aging mechanism, ensureing that battery testing and analysis result have certain guidance meaning to solution actual application problem.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the present invention adopts following technical proposals.
A kind of power lithium-ion battery cycle life equivalent detecting method, the method comprises the following steps:
S1, build pure electric vehicle complete vehicle test platform, gather pure electric vehicle real vehicle service data, analyze and extract the running conditions of vehicle of reflection pure electric vehicle operation characteristic;
S2, based on pure electric vehicle operation characteristic and running conditions of vehicle, principal component analysis (PCA) is utilized to extract vehicle driving-cycle test stress;
S3, to obtain vehicle based on the statistical study of real vehicle service data return station SOC distribution, extract the depth of discharge test stress of power lithium-ion battery;
S4, consider the problem of weather condition and power lithium-ion battery thermo parameters method inequality, extract power lithium-ion battery working temperature test stress;
S5, the test stress extracted according to step S2, S3 and S4, choose the scope of the different test stresses of reflection actual conditions, composite design goes out the cycle life equivalence testing scheme of simulation power lithium-ion battery duty under actual pure electric vehicle running environment of complete set.
Preferably, in step S1, the pure electric coach run with actual carrying and on-vehicle battery system building pure electric vehicle complete vehicle test platform thereof.
Preferably, in step S1, pure electric vehicle installs additional a set of electric vehicle operation recording instrument, for gathering pure electric vehicle real vehicle service data, be specially: electric vehicle operation recording instrument, with the data acquiring frequency of 2Hz, collects the main service data of power lithium-ion battery, electric machine controller and entire car controller.
Preferably, described main service data comprises power, the voltage and current data over time of electrokinetic cell, the power of electric machine controller, voltage and current data over time, and the power of entire car controller, voltage and current data over time.
Preferably, in step S2, the step extracting vehicle driving-cycle test stress comprises:
S21, collection pure electric vehicle Various Seasonal and the different main service data running the period, analyze the operation characteristic of the different running time of pure electric vehicle;
S22, operation characteristic according to the different running time of pure electric vehicle, the vehicle choosing reflection running conditions of vehicle travels fragment data, utilize principal component analysis (PCA) to analyze the correlativity that selected vehicle travels between the principal character amount of fragment and the characteristic quantity of population sample, filter out effective vehicle driving-cycle fragment;
S23, be a complete vehicle driving-cycle by effective vehicle driving-cycle fragment organic assembling, with reference to DST (DynamicStressTest, ambulatory stress test) operating mode, vehicle driving-cycle is dynamically averaging, obtain simplifying vehicle driving-cycle in 900 seconds, be called for short BJDST (BeijingDynamicStressTest) operating mode.Apply 900 seconds and simplify vehicle driving-cycle as vehicle driving-cycle test stress.
Preferably, in step S3, the depth of discharge of power lithium-ion battery is determined by the distance travelled of pure electric vehicle and the power consumption of unit kilometer, and the distance travelled of pure electric vehicle is relevant with working line and the number of turns.
Preferably, in step S3, pure electric vehicle often runs a circle according to working line, and time station SOC of vehicle is 60% – 70%;
Preferably, in step S3, after pure electric vehicle runs two circles, time station SOC of vehicle is 30% – 40%.
Preferably, in step S3, time station SOC Normal Distribution of pure electric vehicle.
Preferably, described power lithium-ion battery is made up of lithium ion power cell.
Preferably, in step S4, the step extracting power lithium-ion battery working temperature test stress comprises:
S41, statistical study pure electric vehicle run the weather of location and real-time temperature;
S42, according to power lithium-ion battery structural design (comprising the design of radiating mode and condition) and the installation site on pure electric vehicle thereof on the impact of power lithium-ion battery thermo parameters method, determine the difference degree of actual work temperature between lithium ion power cell;
S43, consider weather, the in real time difference degree of actual work temperature between temperature and lithium ion power cell, extract power lithium-ion battery working temperature test stress.
Preferably, in step S5, the aging mechanism of power lithium-ion battery under described cycle life equivalence testing scheme is used for laboratory condition Imitating and quantizes actual pure electric vehicle running environment.
Preferably, in step S5, the extreme running environment that may occur when simultaneously also considering pure electric vehicle actual motion.
Test data under the method guarantee laboratory condition and the application of analysis result to pure electric vehicle have certain guidance meaning.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is:
Technical scheme of the present invention is for concrete pure electric vehicle real vehicle running environment, choose the power lithium-ion battery life-span equivalent stress condition for laboratory test, determine the equivalent cycle life testing method of simulating pure electric vehicle actual motion environment, the aging mechanism of power lithium-ion battery under pure electric vehicle running environment can effectively be simulated and quantize to the method, and test result has certain guidance meaning to practical application.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 Beijing pure electric vehicle complete vehicle test platform;
The simplification vehicle driving-cycle that Fig. 2 extracts based on principal component analysis (PCA);
Fig. 3 Beijing pure electric vehicle returns station SOC statistical distribution;
Figure 42 Beijing's temperature Change on June 30, in 011 on January 1, to 2012;
The temperature rise that Fig. 5 power lithium-ion battery charges 25 DEG C of different multiplying;
The temperature rise that Fig. 6 power lithium-ion battery discharges with 2C/3 multiplying power different temperatures;
Fig. 7 power lithium-ion battery cycle life equivalent detecting method process flow diagram.
Embodiment
For the ease of the understanding of those skilled in the art, below in conjunction with specific embodiment and accompanying drawing, structural principle of the present invention and implementation method are described in further detail:
1, in order to analyze running environment and the characteristic thereof of Beijing's pure electric vehicle, and extract power lithium-ion battery cycle life equivalence test stress (vehicle driving-cycle test stress, depth of discharge test stress and working temperature test stress), with actual carrying operation Beijing Olympic Games pure electric coach and on-vehicle battery system building pure electric vehicle complete vehicle test platform (as shown in Figure 1) thereof so far.
The power lithium-ion battery performance of actual loading operation is followed the tracks of, analyzes the principal feature of pure electric vehicle dynamical lithium-ion battery packs, running status and performance change trend.Simultaneously, pure electric vehicle installs additional a set of electric vehicle operation recording instrument, this device collects the main service data (power, voltage and current data over time) of power lithium-ion battery, electric machine controller and entire car controller with the data acquiring frequency of 2Hz, be convenient to the running conditions of vehicle analyzing and extract reflection Beijing pure electric vehicle operation characteristic, the equivalent lifetime for laboratory power lithium-ion battery is tested.
2, based on Beijing's pure electric vehicle complete vehicle test platform built, gather pure electric vehicle Various Seasonal and the different main service data running the period, analyze the operation characteristic of the different running time of pure electric vehicle, extract the driving cycle of reflection typical vehicle operation characteristic.According to running qualities of a wagon and driving cycle feature, the vehicle extracting reflection Beijing city typical condition travels fragment data, principal component analysis (PCA) is utilized to analyze the correlativity that selected vehicle travels between the principal character amount of fragment and the characteristic quantity of population sample, filtering out effective vehicle driving-cycle fragment, is the cycle life test that a complete vehicle driving-cycle is used for power lithium-ion battery by effective operating mode fragment organic assembling.
With reference to DST operating mode, the pure electric vehicle driving cycle extracted based on principal component analysis (PCA) is dynamically averaging, obtain reflecting and simplify driving cycle in 900 seconds of Beijing 90 road pure electric bus operation characteristic, be called for short BJDST (BeijingDynamicStressTest) operating mode, as shown in Figure 2.
This driving cycle covers the typical operation characteristic of Beijing 90 road pure electric bus, comprise vehicle idling, at the uniform velocity, accelerate and average power under the typical operating condition such as deceleration and duration thereof, the information such as the standard deviation of power distribution and discharge and recharge peak power.It should be noted that, this operating mode provides in the form of electric current for the lithium manganate battery of actual pure electric bus 360Ah, maximum discharge current is 300A, maximum charging current is 80A, each BJDST cycle battery accumulated discharge is about 24.12Ah, but when carrying out cycle life test to the battery of different size, need to change operating mode electric current according to battery actual capacity.
The power consumption of Beijing's pure electric bus when table 1 Various Seasonal is run
Based on Beijing 90 road pure electric bus complete vehicle test platform, collection vehicle service data carries out the power consumption that statistical study obtains vehicle when Various Seasonal is run, as shown in table 1, finds that pure electric bus average energy consumption when summer operation is maximum.Known based on above analysis, the depth of discharge of electrokinetic cell can be determined by the power consumption of the distance travelled of pure electric vehicle and unit kilometer, and the distance travelled of pure electric vehicle is relevant with working line and the number of turns.
3, in order to obtain pure electric vehicle actual motion more intuitively the depth of discharge of electrokinetic cell time, what the real vehicle service data statistical study based on Beijing 90 road pure electric bus obtained vehicle returns station SOC distribution, as shown in Figure 3.
According to statistic analysis result, pure electric vehicle returns station SOC roughly Normal Distribution, and expect to be 65.7%, standard deviation is 0.0316.Pure electric vehicle often runs a circle according to working line, and the station SOC that returns of vehicle is about 60% – 70%.The dump energy of electrokinetic cell is enough to ensure that vehicle reruns a circle, and after running two circles, the station SOC that returns of vehicle is about 30% – 40%.But along with the inducing capacity fading of electrokinetic cell, the energy of on-vehicle battery group can not meet pure electric vehicle and run two circles.In order to simulate the operation characteristic of pure electric vehicle, experiment choose two kinds of typical SOC operation intervals: 50% – 100% and 20% – 100%, namely 50% and 80%DOD (depth of discharge) cycle life test is carried out to battery.
4, the weather in city or weather determine the element task temperature that power lithium-ion battery runs, and power lithium-ion battery can heat-dissipating cause battery temperature to raise at work, simultaneously different battery pack structures design (comprising the design of radiating mode and condition) and the installation site on pure electric vehicle thereof can affect battery pack temperature field distribution, cause the difference of actual work temperature between cell, even occur that some battery is in the phenomenon of extreme temperature work.
Fig. 4 shows Beijing's temperature Change situation on June 30,1 day to 2012 January in 2011, for electrokinetic cell provides the foundation working temperature.But, when battery works under different multiplying and temperature, due to the generation of battery heat-dissipating and exotherm in charge and discharge process, battery temperature rise in various degree will be caused.
Fig. 5 shows power lithium-ion battery 25 DEG C of environment temperatures with temperature rise change during C/3, C/2 and 2C/3 different multiplying constant-current charge, and as is expected, along with the increase of rate of charge, power lithium-ion battery surface temperature rise is also larger.
Fig. 6 shows power lithium-ion battery to be changed with temperature rise during 2C/3 constant-current discharge at 10 DEG C, 25 DEG C and 40 DEG C of environment temperatures respectively.Along with the rising of environment temperature, the polarization impedance (comprising ohmic internal resistance and Faradaic impedance two parts) of battery reduces, and causes battery heat-dissipating to reduce, and then causes battery higher than temperature rise during 40 DEG C of environment temperature electric discharges 10 DEG C of environment temperatures.
Although battery is also little with battery surface temperature rise during different multiplying constant current charge-discharge in varying environment temperature, but due to the problem of battery case structural design and less-than-ideal heat radiation or cooling system, cell section cell may be caused to be exposed to thermal extremes conditional operation.
Therefore, consider the problem that thermo parameters method inequality may appear in weather condition and electric battery, choose 10 DEG C, 25 DEG C and 40 DEG C of temperature test stress as constant temp. heating circulation.For the pure electric vehicle of typical actual motion, pure electric vehicle can run under very wide temperature range, electrokinetic cell can experience low Wen Qidong – normal temperature/high temperature fortune row – and to stop the typical vehicle operating mode of cooling, works under the structure of battery case and arrangement can cause percentage of batteries to be in extreme temperature simultaneously.Therefore, test considers that thermal extremes and cryogenic conditions (being respectively 60 DEG C and 0 DEG C) carry out quantitative analysis " thermal drift " to the impact of battery life by experiment.
Choose the test of same batch of 18 90Ah lithium manganate batteries for electrokinetic cell cycle life, electrokinetic cell is divided into nine groups of heat ageings of carrying out in various degree with 50%, 80% and 100%DOD respectively to circulate and thermal shock test, corresponding battery testing condition is as shown in table 2, and wherein temperature range refers to the environment temperature of incubator residing for battery.
Table 2 lithium manganate battery cycle life test condition
In sum, for concrete Beijing pure electric vehicle real vehicle running environment, choose the battery life equivalence test stress for laboratory test, determine the equivalent cycle life testing method of simulating pure electric vehicle actual motion environment, as shown in Figure 7, the aging mechanism of power lithium-ion battery under pure electric vehicle running environment can effectively be simulated and quantize to the method, and test result has certain guidance meaning to practical application.
Obviously; the above embodiment of the present invention is only for example of the present invention is clearly described; and be not the restriction to embodiments of the present invention; for those of ordinary skill in the field; can also make other changes in different forms on the basis of the above description; here cannot give exhaustive to all embodiments, every belong to technical scheme of the present invention the apparent change of extending out or variation be still in the row of protection scope of the present invention.
The content be not described in detail in this instructions belongs to the known prior art of professional and technical personnel in the field.
Claims (13)
1. a power lithium-ion battery cycle life equivalent detecting method, comprises the following steps:
S1, build pure electric vehicle complete vehicle test platform, gather pure electric vehicle real vehicle service data, analyze and extract the running conditions of vehicle of reflection pure electric vehicle operation characteristic;
S2, based on pure electric vehicle operation characteristic and running conditions of vehicle, principal component analysis (PCA) is utilized to extract vehicle driving-cycle test stress;
S3, to obtain vehicle based on the statistical study of real vehicle service data return station SOC distribution, extract the depth of discharge test stress of power lithium-ion battery;
S4, consider the problem of weather condition and power lithium-ion battery thermo parameters method inequality, extract power lithium-ion battery working temperature test stress;
S5, the test stress extracted according to step S2, S3 and S4, choose the scope of the different test stresses of reflection actual conditions, composite design goes out the cycle life equivalence testing scheme of simulation power lithium-ion battery duty under actual pure electric vehicle running environment of complete set.
2. power lithium-ion battery cycle life equivalent detecting method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: in step S1, the pure electric coach run with actual carrying and on-vehicle battery system building pure electric vehicle complete vehicle test platform thereof.
3. power lithium-ion battery cycle life equivalent detecting method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: in step S1, pure electric vehicle installs additional a set of electric vehicle operation recording instrument, for gathering pure electric vehicle real vehicle service data, be specially: electric vehicle operation recording instrument, with the data acquiring frequency of 2Hz, collects the main service data of electrokinetic cell, electric machine controller and entire car controller.
4. power lithium-ion battery cycle life equivalent detecting method as claimed in claim 3, it is characterized in that: described main service data comprises power, the voltage and current data over time of power lithium-ion battery, the power of electric machine controller, voltage and current data over time, and the power of entire car controller, voltage and current data over time.
5. power lithium-ion battery cycle life equivalent detecting method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: in step S2, and the step extracting vehicle driving-cycle test stress comprises:
S21, collection pure electric vehicle Various Seasonal and the different main service data running the period, analyze the operation characteristic of the different running time of pure electric vehicle;
S22, operation characteristic according to the different running time of pure electric vehicle, the vehicle choosing reflection running conditions of vehicle travels fragment data, utilize principal component analysis (PCA) to analyze the correlativity that selected vehicle travels between the principal character amount of fragment and the characteristic quantity of population sample, filter out effective vehicle driving-cycle fragment;
S23, be a complete vehicle driving-cycle by effective vehicle driving-cycle fragment organic assembling, with reference to DST operating mode, vehicle driving-cycle is dynamically averaging, obtain simplifying vehicle driving-cycle in 900 seconds, apply 900 seconds and simplify vehicle driving-cycle as vehicle driving-cycle test stress.
6. power lithium-ion battery cycle life equivalent detecting method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: in step S3, the depth of discharge of power lithium-ion battery is determined by the distance travelled of pure electric vehicle and the power consumption of unit kilometer.
7. power lithium-ion battery cycle life equivalent detecting method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: in step S3, pure electric vehicle often runs a circle according to working line, and time station SOC of vehicle is 60% – 70%.
8. power lithium-ion battery cycle life equivalent detecting method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: in step S3, and after pure electric vehicle runs two circles, time station SOC of vehicle is 30% – 40%.
9. power lithium-ion battery cycle life equivalent detecting method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: in step S3, time station SOC Normal Distribution of pure electric vehicle.
10. power lithium-ion battery cycle life equivalent detecting method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: described power lithium-ion battery is made up of lithium ion power cell.
11. power lithium-ion battery cycle life equivalent detecting methods as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: in step S4, and the step extracting power lithium-ion battery working temperature test stress comprises:
S41, statistical study pure electric vehicle run the weather of location and real-time temperature;
S42, according to power lithium-ion battery structural design and the installation site on pure electric vehicle thereof on the impact of power lithium-ion battery thermo parameters method, determine the difference degree of actual work temperature between lithium ion power cell; Described power lithium-ion battery structural design comprises the design of radiating mode and condition;
S43, consider weather, the in real time difference degree of actual work temperature between temperature and lithium ion power cell, extract power lithium-ion battery working temperature test stress.
12. power lithium-ion battery cycle life equivalent detecting methods as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: in step S5, the aging mechanism of power lithium-ion battery under described cycle life equivalence testing scheme is used for laboratory condition Imitating and quantizes actual pure electric vehicle running environment.
13. power lithium-ion battery cycle life equivalent detecting methods as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: in step S5, the extreme running environment that may occur when simultaneously also considering pure electric vehicle actual motion.
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