CN111581796A - Plug-in hybrid electric vehicle key technology evaluation system - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种插电式混合动力汽车关键技术测评系统,包括依次连接的车辆静态分析单元、测试矩阵构建单元、信号采集单元、车辆试验单元、关键技术解析单元和仿真优化单元;车辆静态分析单元包含静态参数查询、构型分析、工作模式分析以及电子电机架构分析;测试矩阵构建单元基于车辆静态分析基本结果进行构建;信号采集单元基于测试矩阵的测试目标进行筛选;车辆试验单元根据测试矩阵,按照测试目标采集相关信号,进行台架测试和道路测试;关键技术解析单元包括稳态控制,驱动控制、再生制动控制以及能量管理关键策略解析;仿真优化单元基于关键技术解析结果,构建仿真模型,进行极限工况仿真以及节能潜力分析。
The invention provides a key technology evaluation system for a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle, comprising a vehicle static analysis unit, a test matrix construction unit, a signal acquisition unit, a vehicle test unit, a key technology analysis unit and a simulation optimization unit connected in sequence; The analysis unit includes static parameter query, configuration analysis, working mode analysis and electronic motor architecture analysis; the test matrix construction unit is constructed based on the basic results of vehicle static analysis; the signal acquisition unit is screened based on the test target of the test matrix; the vehicle test unit is based on the test Matrix, collect relevant signals according to the test target, and carry out bench test and road test; the key technology analysis unit includes steady-state control, drive control, regenerative braking control and key strategy analysis of energy management; simulation optimization unit is based on the analysis results of key technologies. Simulation models for extreme operating conditions and energy saving potential analysis.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于新能源汽车技术领域,尤其是涉及一种插电式混合动力汽车关键技术测评系统。The invention belongs to the technical field of new energy vehicles, and in particular relates to a key technology evaluation system for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles.
背景技术Background technique
随着插电式混合动力汽车的研发和市场化推广,插电式混合动力汽车整车技术水平已经有了较大幅度的提升,但是在混合动力汽车关键技术方面,与国际先进车型还有一定差距。长期以来,对于插电式混合动力汽车的测试评价仅仅停留在整车外在性能表现层面,缺乏对于关键技术深入测评,并且缺乏深入测评混合动力汽车关键技术测评的体系,因此亟需建立一套插电式混合动力汽车关键技术测评体系,来实现整车到部件的关键技术的测试评价,为企业研发验证提供技术支撑。With the development and market promotion of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles, the technical level of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles has been greatly improved, but in terms of key technologies of hybrid electric vehicles, there is still a certain gap between them and international advanced models. gap. For a long time, the test and evaluation of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles has only stayed at the external performance level of the whole vehicle, lacking in-depth evaluation of key technologies, and lack of an in-depth evaluation system for evaluating key technologies of hybrid electric vehicles. Therefore, it is urgent to establish a set of The key technology evaluation system for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles is used to realize the test and evaluation of key technologies from the whole vehicle to the components, and to provide technical support for enterprise R&D verification.
发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
有鉴于此,本发明旨在提出一种插电式混合动力汽车关键技术测评系统,基于插电式混合动力汽车构型特征,设计多维度测试解析矩阵,从稳态控制、驱动控制、制动控制和能量管理等方面深入测评插电式混合动力汽车关键技术,并根据基于策略解析,搭建仿真模式,全面综合分析车辆关键技术,为企业插电式混合动力汽车研发验证提供方法,缩短研发周期。In view of this, the present invention aims to propose a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle key technology evaluation system, based on the plug-in hybrid electric vehicle configuration characteristics, design a multi-dimensional test analysis matrix, from steady-state control, drive control, braking. In-depth evaluation of key technologies of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles in terms of control and energy management, and based on strategy analysis, build a simulation model to comprehensively analyze key vehicle technologies, provide methods for enterprise plug-in hybrid electric vehicle research and development verification, and shorten the research and development cycle. .
为达到上述目的,本发明的技术方案是这样实现的:In order to achieve the above object, the technical scheme of the present invention is achieved in this way:
一种插电式混合动力汽车关键技术测评系统,包括依次连接的车辆静态分析单元、测试矩阵构建单元、信号采集单元、车辆试验单元、关键技术解析单元和仿真优化单元;A plug-in hybrid electric vehicle key technology evaluation system, comprising a vehicle static analysis unit, a test matrix construction unit, a signal acquisition unit, a vehicle test unit, a key technology analysis unit and a simulation optimization unit connected in sequence;
所述车辆静态分析单元包含静态参数查询、构型分析、工作模式分析以及电子电机架构分析;The vehicle static analysis unit includes static parameter query, configuration analysis, working mode analysis and electronic motor architecture analysis;
所述测试矩阵构建单元基于车辆静态分析基本结果进行构建;The test matrix construction unit is constructed based on the basic results of vehicle static analysis;
所述信号采集单元基于所述测试矩阵的测试目标进行筛选;The signal acquisition unit performs screening based on the test target of the test matrix;
所述车辆试验单元根据所述测试矩阵,按照测试目标采集相关信号,进行台架测试和道路测试;The vehicle test unit collects relevant signals according to the test target according to the test matrix, and performs bench test and road test;
所述关键技术解析单元包括稳态控制,驱动控制、再生制动控制以及能量管理关键策略解析;The key technology analysis unit includes steady state control, drive control, regenerative braking control and key strategy analysis of energy management;
所述仿真优化单元基于关键技术解析结果,构建仿真模型,进行极限工况仿真以及节能潜力分析。The simulation optimization unit constructs a simulation model based on the analysis result of the key technology, and performs the simulation of extreme working conditions and the analysis of energy saving potential.
进一步的,所述静态参数查询用于获取车辆关键参数,具体包括整车外形参数:长宽高、轴距、载荷、质心;发动机参数:排量、压缩比、最大功率、扭矩等,电机参数,转速范围、峰值功率、峰值扭矩;电池参数:如电池类型、电池容量、最大充放电功率。Further, the static parameter query is used to obtain key parameters of the vehicle, specifically including vehicle shape parameters: length, width, height, wheelbase, load, center of mass; engine parameters: displacement, compression ratio, maximum power, torque, etc., motor parameters , speed range, peak power, peak torque; battery parameters: such as battery type, battery capacity, maximum charge and discharge power.
进一步的,所述构型分析包括串联构型、并联构型、串并联构型、功率分流构型。Further, the configuration analysis includes a series configuration, a parallel configuration, a series-parallel configuration, and a power split configuration.
进一步的,所述工作模式分析根据构型特点,分析发动机、驱动电机、发电机核心部件的工作方式,包括纯电动模式、串联或并联模式,再生制动模式、驻车充电模式。Further, the working mode analysis analyzes the working modes of the core components of the engine, drive motor and generator according to the configuration characteristics, including pure electric mode, series or parallel mode, regenerative braking mode, and parking charging mode.
进一步的,所述电子电器架构分析包括CAN网络分析、高压架构分析。Further, the electronic and electrical architecture analysis includes CAN network analysis and high-voltage architecture analysis.
进一步的,所述测试矩阵一般包括但不限于环境温度、动力电池电量、行驶模式、挡位、工况因素。Further, the test matrix generally includes but is not limited to ambient temperature, power battery power, driving mode, gear position, and working condition factors.
进一步的,所述稳态控制策略包括加速意图识别以及制动意图识别,所述加速意图识别包括分析在不同行驶模式、不同SOC、不同车速多个维度下加速踏板开度与驱动扭矩之间的关系以及加速踏板开度与加速度之间的对应关系;所述制动意图识别是指分析在不同档位、不同模式、不同SOC多个维度下,制动踏板开度与电机制动扭矩、制动液压、加速度、以及总制动扭矩之间的对应关系。Further, the steady-state control strategy includes acceleration intention identification and braking intention identification, and the acceleration intention identification includes analyzing the relationship between accelerator pedal opening and driving torque in multiple dimensions of different driving modes, different SOCs, and different vehicle speeds. and the corresponding relationship between the accelerator pedal opening and acceleration; the braking intention identification refers to analyzing the brake pedal opening and motor braking torque, braking torque, braking Correspondence between hydraulic pressure, acceleration, and total braking torque.
进一步的,所述驱动控制是在不同模式、不同档位、不同SOC多个维度下,分析蠕行、加速、匀速、Tip in、Tip out驱动工况下的电机扭矩控制、前后轴扭矩分配、模式切换过程、模式切换阈值。Further, the drive control is to analyze the motor torque control, front and rear axle torque distribution, front and rear axle torque distribution under the driving conditions of creep, acceleration, uniform speed, Tip in, and Tip out in multiple dimensions of different modes, different gears, and different SOCs. Mode switching process, mode switching threshold.
进一步的,所述再生制动控制是在不同模式、不同档位、不同SOC、不同车速、不同制动踏板开度等多个维度下,分析滑行工况、制动工况以及紧急制动工况的电机制动扭矩与车速、制动踏板开度之间的关系,分析液压与电机扭矩制动的协调控制关系,以及电机制动扭矩与ABS协调控制关系。Further, the regenerative braking control is to analyze the coasting condition, the braking condition and the emergency braking operation under multiple dimensions such as different modes, different gears, different SOCs, different vehicle speeds, and different brake pedal openings. The relationship between the motor braking torque and the vehicle speed and the opening of the brake pedal is analyzed, and the coordinated control relationship between the hydraulic pressure and the motor torque braking, and the coordinated control relationship between the motor braking torque and the ABS is analyzed.
进一步的,所述能量管理包括发动机启停控制、能量流、以及部件工作点方面,分析发动机在各工况下启停过程的协调控制,以及启停门限值,分析不同温度、不同SOC下的循环工况和单一工况下能量流,能量流分析包含能量传递路径、效率方面,分析发动机、电机工作点,分析发动机控制曲线,以及高效点。Further, the energy management includes engine start-stop control, energy flow, and component operating points, and analyzes the coordinated control of the engine's start-stop process under various operating conditions, as well as the start-stop threshold value, and analyzes different temperatures and different SOCs. The energy flow analysis includes the energy transfer path, efficiency, the analysis of the engine and motor operating points, the analysis of the engine control curve, and the high efficiency point.
相对于现有技术,本发明所述的一种插电式混合动力汽车关键技术测评系统具有以下优势:Compared with the prior art, a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle key technology evaluation system according to the present invention has the following advantages:
本发明提出的一种插电式混合动力汽车关键技术测评需要,提供一种测评流程,从车辆静态分析到关键技术分析再到仿真研究,深度测评关键技术,为企业研发优化插电式混合动力汽车提供测试方法,有效的缩短研发周期。The invention proposes a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle key technology evaluation needs, provides an evaluation process, from vehicle static analysis to key technology analysis to simulation research, in-depth evaluation of key technologies, and optimizes plug-in hybrid power for enterprise research and development. Automotive provides test methods to effectively shorten the development cycle.
附图说明Description of drawings
构成本发明的一部分的附图用来提供对本发明的进一步理解,本发明的示意性实施例及其说明用于解释本发明,并不构成对本发明的不当限定。在附图中:The accompanying drawings constituting a part of the present invention are used to provide further understanding of the present invention, and the exemplary embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute an improper limitation of the present invention. In the attached image:
图1为本发明实施例所述的一种插电式混合动力汽车关键技术测评体系车辆测评流程图。FIG. 1 is a flow chart of vehicle evaluation of a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle key technology evaluation system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
需要说明的是,在不冲突的情况下,本发明中的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互组合。It should be noted that the embodiments of the present invention and the features of the embodiments may be combined with each other under the condition of no conflict.
在本发明的描述中,需要理解的是,术语“中心”、“纵向”、“横向”、“上”、“下”、“前”、“后”、“左”、“右”、“竖直”、“水平”、“顶”、“底”、“内”、“外”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系,仅是为了便于描述本发明和简化描述,而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作,因此不能理解为对本发明的限制。此外,术语“第一”、“第二”等仅用于描述目的,而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量。由此,限定有“第一”、“第二”等的特征可以明示或者隐含地包括一个或者更多个该特征。在本发明的描述中,除非另有说明,“多个”的含义是两个或两个以上。In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "portrait", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "front", "rear", "left", "right", " The orientation or positional relationship indicated by vertical, horizontal, top, bottom, inner, outer, etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and The description is simplified rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operate in a particular orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the invention. In addition, the terms "first", "second", etc. are used for descriptive purposes only, and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implying the number of indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined as "first", "second", etc., may expressly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise specified, "plurality" means two or more.
在本发明的描述中,需要说明的是,除非另有明确的规定和限定,术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”应做广义理解,例如,可以是固定连接,也可以是可拆卸连接,或一体地连接;可以是机械连接,也可以是电连接;可以是直接相连,也可以通过中间媒介间接相连,可以是两个元件内部的连通。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言,可以通过具体情况理解上述术语在本发明中的具体含义。In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "installed", "connected" and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, for example, it may be a fixed connection or a detachable connection Connection, or integral connection; can be mechanical connection, can also be electrical connection; can be directly connected, can also be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, can be internal communication between two elements. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood through specific situations.
下面将参考附图并结合实施例来详细说明本发明。The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and in conjunction with the embodiments.
如图1所示,一种插电式混合动力汽车关键技术测评体系包含车辆静态分析、测试矩阵构建、信号采集、车辆试验、关键技术解析和仿真优化等方面;As shown in Figure 1, a plug-in hybrid vehicle key technology evaluation system includes vehicle static analysis, test matrix construction, signal acquisition, vehicle testing, key technology analysis and simulation optimization.
如图1所示,所述车辆静态分析包含静态参数查询、构型分析、工作模式分析以及电子电机架构分析;As shown in FIG. 1 , the vehicle static analysis includes static parameter query, configuration analysis, working mode analysis, and electronic motor architecture analysis;
如图1所示,所述静态参数查询是指获取车辆关键参数,为关键技术解析提供基础数据,具体包括整车外形参数,如长宽高、轴距、载荷、质心等,发动机参数,如排量、压缩比、最大功率、扭矩等,电机参数,如转速范围、峰值功率、峰值扭矩等,电池参数,如电池类型、电池容量、最大充放电功率等;As shown in Figure 1, the static parameter query refers to obtaining the key parameters of the vehicle and providing basic data for the analysis of key technologies, including the overall vehicle shape parameters, such as length, width, height, wheelbase, load, center of mass, etc., and engine parameters, such as Displacement, compression ratio, maximum power, torque, etc., motor parameters, such as speed range, peak power, peak torque, etc., battery parameters, such as battery type, battery capacity, maximum charge and discharge power, etc.;
如图1所示,所述构型分析是对车辆驱动类型的基本判断,主要构型包括串联构型、并联构型、串并联构型、功率分流构型等,构型分析对于后续的工作模式分析、关键技术解析具有重要意义;As shown in Figure 1, the configuration analysis is a basic judgment on the driving type of the vehicle. The main configurations include series configuration, parallel configuration, series-parallel configuration, power split configuration, etc. The configuration analysis is important for subsequent work. Pattern analysis and key technology analysis are of great significance;
如图1所示,所述工作模式分析基于所述构型分析的进一步分析,根据构型特点,分析发动机、驱动电机、发电机等核心部件的工作方式,主要工作模式包括纯电动模式、串联(并联)模式,再生制动模式、驻车充电模式等工作模式;As shown in Figure 1, the working mode analysis is based on the further analysis of the configuration analysis. (parallel) mode, regenerative braking mode, parking charging mode and other working modes;
如图1所示,所述电子电器架构分析是所述信号采集的前期准备,具体包括CAN网络分析、高压架构分析等方面,为信号解析和传感器布置方案提供基础;As shown in Figure 1, the electronic and electrical architecture analysis is the preliminary preparation for the signal acquisition, which specifically includes CAN network analysis, high-voltage architecture analysis, etc., providing a basis for signal analysis and sensor layout solutions;
如图1所示,所述测试矩阵构建基于所述车辆静态分析基本结果,测试矩阵一般包括但不限于环境温度、动力电池电量(SOC)、行驶模式、挡位、工况等因素;As shown in FIG. 1 , the construction of the test matrix is based on the basic results of the static analysis of the vehicle, and the test matrix generally includes but is not limited to factors such as ambient temperature, power battery power (SOC), driving mode, gear position, and operating conditions;
如图1所示,所述环境温度一般包括高温、低温、常温等温度,所述SOC一般包括高中低三种SOC,此外还包括车辆行驶过程难以达到的极限SOC,所述行驶模型是指车辆行驶的功能按键,一般包含经济模式(ECO)、普通模式(Normal)、动力模式(Power)、电量主动保持模式(Saving)等模式,所述挡位一般包括D挡、B挡以及其他挡位,比如单踏板挡位;所述工况包含驱动工况、制动工况以及标准循环工况;As shown in FIG. 1 , the ambient temperature generally includes high temperature, low temperature, normal temperature, etc. The SOC generally includes three kinds of SOC, high, medium and low, and also includes the limit SOC that is difficult to reach during the driving process of the vehicle. The driving model refers to the vehicle The function buttons for driving generally include modes such as economy mode (ECO), normal mode (Normal), power mode (Power), and power active maintenance mode (Saving), and the gears generally include D gear, B gear and other gears , such as a single-pedal gear; the working conditions include driving conditions, braking conditions and standard cycle conditions;
如图1所示,所述信号采集是基于所述测试矩阵的测试目标来筛选的,既要保证关键信号的数量、采样频率、可靠性、同步性等方面,主要包括CAN信号采集和传感器数据采集;As shown in Figure 1, the signal acquisition is selected based on the test target of the test matrix, and it is necessary to ensure the number of key signals, sampling frequency, reliability, synchronization, etc., mainly including CAN signal acquisition and sensor data. collection;
所述信号数量根据本次测试的目标,分层次筛选出强相关度信号、一般相关度信号和辅助信号,并制定所需信号的获取方式和信号采集方案,获取获取方式一般采用CAN信号获取和传感器获取;According to the target of this test, the number of signals is to screen out strong correlation signals, general correlation signals and auxiliary signals hierarchically, and formulate the acquisition method and signal acquisition scheme of the required signals. The acquisition method generally adopts CAN signal acquisition and signal acquisition. sensor acquisition;
所述采样频率根据分析的需求制定,对于稳态工况测试,采样频率可采用较低的采样频率(如10Hz到50Hz等)以节省存储空间,对于瞬态工况需采用较高的采样频率(如100Hz到1000Hz)以保证充分测试瞬态特性;The sampling frequency is determined according to the analysis requirements. For the steady state test, a lower sampling frequency (such as 10Hz to 50Hz, etc.) can be used to save storage space, and a higher sampling frequency is required for transient conditions. (such as 100Hz to 1000Hz) to ensure adequate testing of transient characteristics;
所述数据采集的可靠性需要在传感器和CAN总线安装完成后,进行车辆的极限工况测试,如急加速测试、最高车速测试、以及低温测试等方面,测试时间一般持续较长时间(如3小时以上),保证数据采集在极限工况长时间不丢失不出错;The reliability of the data collection needs to be tested under extreme conditions of the vehicle after the sensor and the CAN bus are installed, such as the rapid acceleration test, the maximum speed test, and the low temperature test, etc. The test time generally lasts for a long time (such as 3). hours), to ensure that data collection is not lost and error-free for a long time under extreme working conditions;
所述信号采集同步性通过数据采集模块和上位机保证,所有的传感器输出线和CAN总线连接到同一个数采模块上,保证信号采集的同步性,上位机会对信号进行同步性处理,保证信号处理的同步性;The signal acquisition synchronization is ensured by the data acquisition module and the host computer. All sensor output lines and CAN bus are connected to the same data acquisition module to ensure the synchronization of signal acquisition. The host computer processes the signals synchronously to ensure that the signal is collected. synchronization of processing;
如图1所示,所述CAN信号采集获取方式一般包括动力CAN、OBD访问等形式,包含整车控制器信号,如车速、加速踏板、制动踏板、挡位、加速度、模式等,发动机信号,如发动机转速、扭矩、水温、喷油信号、点火信号等,电池控制器信号,如电池电压、电流、SOC、温度等,电机控制器信号、如电机转速、电机扭矩、水温、母线电流、母线电压等信号;As shown in Figure 1, the CAN signal acquisition methods generally include power CAN, OBD access and other forms, including vehicle controller signals, such as vehicle speed, accelerator pedal, brake pedal, gear, acceleration, mode, etc., engine signal , such as engine speed, torque, water temperature, fuel injection signal, ignition signal, etc., battery controller signals, such as battery voltage, current, SOC, temperature, etc., motor controller signals, such as motor speed, motor torque, water temperature, bus current, Bus voltage and other signals;
如图1所示,所述传感器数据采集,根据所述车辆分析结果,构建传感器布置方案,具体包含电流传感器、电压传感器、位移传感器、温度传感器、扭矩扭矩传感器、液压传感器等信号;As shown in Figure 1, the sensor data is collected, and a sensor arrangement scheme is constructed according to the vehicle analysis result, which specifically includes signals such as current sensor, voltage sensor, displacement sensor, temperature sensor, torque sensor, hydraulic sensor, etc.;
如图1所示,所述车辆试验实在根据所述测试矩阵,按照测试目标采集相关信号,进行台架测试和道路测试;As shown in Figure 1, the vehicle test actually collects relevant signals according to the test target according to the test matrix, and performs bench test and road test;
如图1所示,所述关键技术测评的核心任务的关键技术解析,具体包括稳态控制,驱动控制、再生制动控制以及能量管理等关键策略解析;As shown in Figure 1, the key technology analysis of the core tasks of the key technology evaluation, specifically including the analysis of key strategies such as steady-state control, drive control, regenerative braking control, and energy management;
如图1所示,所述稳态控制策略主要包括加速意图识别以及制动意图识别,所述加速意图识别包括分析在不同行驶模式、不同SOC、不同车速等多个维度下加速踏板开度与驱动扭矩之间的关系以及加速踏板开度与加速度之间的对应关系;所述制动意图识别是指分析在不同档位、不同模式、不同SOC等多个维度下,制动踏板开度与电机制动扭矩、制动液压、加速度、以及总制动扭矩之间的对应关系;As shown in FIG. 1 , the steady-state control strategy mainly includes acceleration intention recognition and braking intention recognition. The acceleration intention recognition includes analyzing the difference between the accelerator pedal opening and the speed of the accelerator pedal in multiple dimensions such as different driving modes, different SOCs, and different vehicle speeds. The relationship between the driving torque and the corresponding relationship between the accelerator pedal opening and acceleration; the braking intention identification refers to analyzing the relationship between the brake pedal opening and the Correspondence between motor braking torque, brake hydraulic pressure, acceleration, and total braking torque;
如图1所示,所述驱动控制是在不同模式、不同档位、不同SOC等多个维度下,分析蠕行、加速、匀速、Tip in、Tip out等驱动工况下的电机扭矩控制、前后轴扭矩分配、模式切换过程、模式切换阈值;As shown in Figure 1, the drive control is to analyze the motor torque control under driving conditions such as creep, acceleration, constant speed, Tip in, Tip out and other driving conditions under different modes, different gears, different SOC and other dimensions. Front and rear axle torque distribution, mode switching process, mode switching threshold;
如图1所示,所述再生制动控制是在不同模式、不同档位、不同SOC、不同车速、不同制动踏板开度等多个维度下,分析滑行工况、制动工况以及紧急制动工况的电机制动扭矩与车速、制动踏板开度之间的关系,分析液压与电机扭矩制动的协调控制关系,以及电机制动扭矩与ABS协调控制关系;As shown in Figure 1, the regenerative braking control is to analyze the coasting conditions, braking conditions and emergency conditions under multiple dimensions such as different modes, different gears, different SOCs, different vehicle speeds, and different brake pedal openings. The relationship between the motor braking torque and the vehicle speed and the opening of the brake pedal under braking conditions, the coordinated control relationship between hydraulic pressure and motor torque braking, and the coordinated control relationship between motor braking torque and ABS;
如图1所示,所述能量管理包括发动机启停控制、能量流、以及部件工作点等方面,分析发动机在各工况下启停过程的协调控制,以及启停门限值,分析不同温度、不同SOC下的循环工况和单一工况下能量流,能量流分析包含能量传递路径、效率等方面,分析发动机、电机工作点,分析发动机控制曲线,以及高效点;As shown in Figure 1, the energy management includes engine start-stop control, energy flow, and component operating points, etc., analyzes the coordinated control of the engine's start-stop process under various operating conditions, and the start-stop threshold value, analyzes different temperatures , Cycle conditions under different SOC and energy flow under a single operating condition, energy flow analysis includes energy transfer path, efficiency, etc., analysis of engine and motor operating points, analysis of engine control curves, and high efficiency points;
如图1所示,所述优化仿真分析,基于关键技术解析结果,构建仿真模型,进行极限工况仿真以及节能潜力分析,所述极限工况仿真分析是指整车上难以实现的工况,比如湿滑路面、极限温度分析、跛行工况分析、再生制动失效保护等工况的仿真分析,所述节能潜力分析,包含整车风阻优化、整车质量降低、部件性能提升、附件性能优化等方面因素与车辆节能性的相关度,并以仿真的手段量化,指明汽车节能优化方向。As shown in Fig. 1, the optimization simulation analysis, based on the analysis results of key technologies, builds a simulation model, and performs limit working condition simulation and energy saving potential analysis. For example, simulation analysis of wet and slippery roads, extreme temperature analysis, limp condition analysis, regenerative braking failure protection, etc., the energy saving potential analysis includes vehicle wind resistance optimization, vehicle quality reduction, component performance improvement, and accessory performance optimization The correlation between other factors and vehicle energy saving is quantified by means of simulation to indicate the direction of vehicle energy saving optimization.
以某款插电式混合动力汽车为例,详述本发明的实施方式:Taking a plug-in hybrid vehicle as an example, the embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail:
某款插电式混合动力汽车关键技术测评体系与方法经过车辆静态分析、测试矩阵构建、信号采集、车辆试验、关键技术解析和仿真优化等方面;The key technology evaluation system and method of a certain plug-in hybrid electric vehicle has undergone vehicle static analysis, test matrix construction, signal acquisition, vehicle test, key technology analysis and simulation optimization;
所述车辆静态分析包含静态参数查询、构型分析、工作模式分析以及电子电机架构分析;The vehicle static analysis includes static parameter query, configuration analysis, working mode analysis and electronic motor architecture analysis;
所述静态参数查询是指获取车辆关键参数,为关键技术解析提供基础数据,该车辆具有一个发动机、一个发电机、一个驱动电机,因此关键参数查询具体包括整车外形参数,如长宽高、轴距、载荷、质心等,发动机参数,如排量、压缩比、最大功率、扭矩等,驱动电机参数和发电机参数,如转速范围、峰值功率、峰值扭矩等,动力电池参数,如电池类型、电池容量、最大充放电功率等;The static parameter query refers to obtaining the key parameters of the vehicle and providing basic data for the analysis of key technologies. The vehicle has an engine, a generator, and a drive motor. Therefore, the key parameter query specifically includes the vehicle shape parameters, such as length, width, height, Wheelbase, load, center of mass, etc., engine parameters, such as displacement, compression ratio, maximum power, torque, etc., drive motor parameters and generator parameters, such as speed range, peak power, peak torque, etc. Power battery parameters, such as battery type , battery capacity, maximum charge and discharge power, etc.;
所述构型分析是对车辆驱动类型的基本判断,主要构型包括串联构型、并联构型、串并联构型、功率分流构型等,根据动力总成结构判断,该车型是串并联式构型,构型分析对于后续的工作模式分析、关键技术解析具有重要意义;The configuration analysis is a basic judgment on the driving type of the vehicle. The main configurations include series configuration, parallel configuration, series-parallel configuration, power split configuration, etc. Judging from the powertrain structure, the vehicle is a series-parallel configuration. Configuration, configuration analysis is of great significance for subsequent work mode analysis and key technology analysis;
所述工作模式分析基于所述构型分析的进一步分析,根据构型特点,分析发动机、驱动电机、发电机等核心部件的工作方式,该插电式混合动力车辆工作模式包括纯电动模式、串联模式,并联模式、纯发动机驱动模式、再生制动模式、驻车充电模式;The working mode analysis is based on the further analysis of the configuration analysis, and according to the configuration characteristics, the working modes of the core components such as the engine, the drive motor, and the generator are analyzed. mode, parallel mode, pure engine driving mode, regenerative braking mode, parking charging mode;
对该插电式混合动力车辆进行所述电子电器架构分析,为所述信号采集的前期准备,具体包括CAN网络分析、高压架构分析等方面,为信号解析和传感器布置方案提供基础;Carrying out the electronic and electrical architecture analysis on the plug-in hybrid electric vehicle is the preliminary preparation for the signal acquisition, specifically including CAN network analysis, high-voltage architecture analysis, etc., to provide a basis for signal analysis and sensor arrangement;
基于对该插电式混合动力车辆分析结果,构建测试矩阵,针对该车型测试矩阵包含环境温度、动力电池电量(SOC)、行驶模式、挡位、工况等因素;Based on the analysis results of the plug-in hybrid electric vehicle, a test matrix is constructed, and the test matrix for the vehicle includes factors such as ambient temperature, power battery power (SOC), driving mode, gear position, and operating conditions;
所述环境温度一般包括高温、低温、常温等温度,所述SOC一般包括高中低三种SOC,此外还包括车辆行驶过程难以达到的极限SOC,所述行驶模型是指车辆行驶的功能按键,一般包含经济模式(ECO)、普通模式(Normal)、动力模式(Power)、电量主动保持模式(Saving)等模式,所述挡位一般包括D挡、B挡以及B1、B2、B3等挡位,所述工况包含驱动工况、制动工况以及标准循环工况;对这些因素进行交叉组合,设计测试矩阵,如在常温环境下,SOC为80%的高SOC,Normal模式进行D挡的驱动工况测试;The ambient temperature generally includes high temperature, low temperature, normal temperature and other temperatures. The SOC generally includes three kinds of SOC, high, medium and low, and also includes the limit SOC that is difficult to reach during the driving process of the vehicle. The driving model refers to the function keys of the vehicle. Generally, Including modes such as economy mode (ECO), normal mode (Normal), power mode (Power), active battery maintenance mode (Saving), etc., the gears generally include D gear, B gear and B1, B2, B3 and other gears, The working conditions include driving conditions, braking conditions and standard cycle conditions; these factors are cross-combined, and a test matrix is designed. Driving condition test;
所述信号采集是基于所述测试矩阵的测试目标来筛选的,既要保证关键信号的数量、采样频率、可靠性、同步性等方面,主要包括CAN信号采集和传感器数据采集;The signal acquisition is screened based on the test target of the test matrix, and it is necessary to ensure the number of key signals, sampling frequency, reliability, synchronization, etc., mainly including CAN signal acquisition and sensor data acquisition;
所述信号数量根据本次测试的目标,分层次筛选出强相关度信号、一般相关度信号和辅助信号,并制定所需信号的获取方式和信号采集方案,获取获取方式一般采用CAN信号获取和传感器获取。例如针对该插电式混合动力车辆,测试加速性能时,核心信号包括车速、加速踏板开度、电机转速扭矩、发动机转速扭矩、动力电池SOC电流、电压,发电机扭矩、加速度,一般相关度信号包括车辆挡位、模式、制动踏板开度、发动机水温、动力电池放电功率限制等信号,辅助信号包括发动机启动请求信号、喷油信号、驱动电机水温等信号According to the target of this test, the number of signals is to screen out strong correlation signals, general correlation signals and auxiliary signals hierarchically, and formulate the acquisition method and signal acquisition scheme of the required signals. The acquisition method generally adopts CAN signal acquisition and signal acquisition. sensor acquisition. For example, for this plug-in hybrid vehicle, when testing the acceleration performance, the core signals include vehicle speed, accelerator pedal opening, motor speed torque, engine speed torque, power battery SOC current, voltage, generator torque, acceleration, and general correlation signals Including vehicle gear, mode, brake pedal opening, engine water temperature, power battery discharge power limit and other signals, auxiliary signals including engine start request signal, fuel injection signal, drive motor water temperature and other signals
所述采样频率根据分析的需求制定,对于稳态工况测试,采样频率可采用较低的采样频率(如10Hz到50Hz等)以节省存储空间,对于瞬态工况需采用较高的采样频率(如100Hz到1000Hz)以保证充分测试瞬态特性;The sampling frequency is determined according to the analysis requirements. For the steady state test, a lower sampling frequency (such as 10Hz to 50Hz, etc.) can be used to save storage space, and a higher sampling frequency is required for transient conditions. (such as 100Hz to 1000Hz) to ensure adequate testing of transient characteristics;
所述数据采集的可靠性需要在传感器和CAN总线安装完成后,进行车辆的极限工况测试,如急加速测试、最高车速测试、以及低温测试等方面,测试时间一般持续较长时间(如3小时以上),保证数据采集在极限工况长时间不丢失不出错;The reliability of the data collection needs to be tested under extreme conditions of the vehicle after the sensor and the CAN bus are installed, such as the rapid acceleration test, the maximum speed test, and the low temperature test, etc. The test time generally lasts for a long time (such as 3). hours), to ensure that data collection is not lost and error-free for a long time under extreme working conditions;
所述信号采集同步性通过数据采集模块和上位机保证,所有的传感器输出线和CAN总线连接到同一个数采模块上,保证信号采集的同步性,上位机会对信号进行同步性处理,保证信号处理的同步性;The signal acquisition synchronization is ensured by the data acquisition module and the host computer. All sensor output lines and CAN bus are connected to the same data acquisition module to ensure the synchronization of signal acquisition. The host computer processes the signals synchronously to ensure that the signal is collected. synchronization of processing;
对于该车辆的CAN信号获取,一般包括动力CAN、OBD访问等形式,包含整车控制器信号,如车速、加速踏板、制动踏板、挡位、加速度、模式等,发动机信号,如发动机转速、扭矩、水温、喷油信号、点火信号等,电池控制器信号,如电池电压、电流、SOC、温度等,电机控制器信号、如电机转速、电机扭矩、水温、母线电流、母线电压等信号;For the acquisition of CAN signals of the vehicle, it generally includes power CAN, OBD access and other forms, including vehicle controller signals, such as vehicle speed, accelerator pedal, brake pedal, gear, acceleration, mode, etc., engine signals, such as engine speed, Torque, water temperature, fuel injection signal, ignition signal, etc., battery controller signals, such as battery voltage, current, SOC, temperature, etc., motor controller signals, such as motor speed, motor torque, water temperature, bus current, bus voltage and other signals;
针对该车辆,传感器信号获取的方式,根据所述车辆分析结果,构建传感器布置方案,具体包含电流传感器、电压传感器、位移传感器、温度传感器、扭矩传感器、液压传感器等信号;For the vehicle, the method of acquiring the sensor signal, according to the analysis result of the vehicle, construct a sensor arrangement plan, which specifically includes signals such as current sensor, voltage sensor, displacement sensor, temperature sensor, torque sensor, hydraulic sensor and so on;
该车辆的测试,根据所述测试矩阵,按照测试目标采集相关信号,进行台架测试和道路测试;For the test of the vehicle, according to the test matrix, the relevant signals are collected according to the test target, and the bench test and the road test are carried out;
针对该车辆,所述关键技术测评的核心任务的关键技术解析,具体包括稳态控制,驱动控制、再生制动控制以及能量管理等关键策略解析;For this vehicle, the key technology analysis of the core tasks of the key technology evaluation, specifically including the analysis of key strategies such as steady-state control, drive control, regenerative braking control, and energy management;
所述稳态控制策略主要包括加速意图识别以及制动意图识别,所述加速意图识别包括分析在不同行驶模式、不同SOC、不同车速等多个维度下加速踏板开度与驱动扭矩之间的关系以及加速踏板开度与加速度之间的对应关系;所述制动意图识别是指分析在不同档位、不同模式、不同SOC等多个维度下,制动踏板开度与电机制动扭矩、制动液压、加速度、以及总制动扭矩之间的对应关系;The steady-state control strategy mainly includes acceleration intention recognition and braking intention recognition. The acceleration intention recognition includes analyzing the relationship between accelerator pedal opening and driving torque in multiple dimensions such as different driving modes, different SOCs, and different vehicle speeds. and the corresponding relationship between the accelerator pedal opening and acceleration; the braking intention identification refers to analyzing the relationship between the opening of the brake pedal and the braking torque of the motor, braking Correspondence between dynamic hydraulic pressure, acceleration, and total braking torque;
所述驱动控制是在不同模式、不同档位、不同SOC等多个维度下,分析蠕行、加速、匀速、Tip in、Tip out等驱动工况下的电机扭矩控制、前后轴扭矩分配、模式切换过程、模式切换阈值;The drive control is to analyze the motor torque control, front and rear axle torque distribution, modes under driving conditions such as creep, acceleration, constant speed, Tip in, Tip out and other dimensions under different modes, different gears, and different SOCs. Switching process, mode switching threshold;
所述再生制动控制是在不同模式、不同档位、不同SOC、不同车速、不同制动踏板开度等多个维度下,分析滑行工况、制动工况以及紧急制动工况的电机制动扭矩与车速、制动踏板开度之间的关系,分析液压与电机扭矩制动的协调控制关系,以及电机制动扭矩与ABS协调控制关系;The regenerative braking control is a motor that analyzes coasting conditions, braking conditions and emergency braking conditions in multiple dimensions such as different modes, different gears, different SOCs, different vehicle speeds, and different brake pedal openings. The relationship between braking torque and vehicle speed and brake pedal opening, analyze the coordinated control relationship between hydraulic pressure and motor torque braking, and the coordinated control relationship between motor braking torque and ABS;
所述能量管理包括发动机启停控制、能量流、以及部件工作点等方面,分析发动机在各工况下启停过程的协调控制,以及启停门限值,分析不同温度、不同SOC下的循环工况和单一工况下能量流,能量流分析包含能量传递路径、效率等方面,分析发动机、电机工作点,分析发动机控制曲线,以及高效点;The energy management includes engine start-stop control, energy flow, and component operating points. It analyzes the coordinated control of the engine's start-stop process under various operating conditions, as well as the start-stop threshold, and analyzes the cycle at different temperatures and different SOCs. Energy flow under working conditions and single working conditions, energy flow analysis includes energy transfer path, efficiency, etc., analysis of engine and motor operating points, analysis of engine control curves, and high-efficiency points;
所述优化仿真分析,基于关键技术解析结果,构建仿真模型,进行极限工况仿真以及节能潜力分析,所述极限工况仿真分析是指整车上难以实现的工况,比如湿滑路面、极限温度分析、跛行工况分析、再生制动失效保护等工况的仿真分析,所述节能潜力分析,包含整车风阻优化、整车质量降低、部件性能提升、附件性能优化等方面因素与车辆节能性的相关度,并以仿真的手段量化,指明汽车节能优化方向。The optimization simulation analysis is based on the analysis results of key technologies, and a simulation model is constructed to perform extreme working condition simulation and energy saving potential analysis. Simulation analysis of temperature analysis, limp condition analysis, regenerative braking failure protection, etc. The energy saving potential analysis includes factors such as vehicle wind resistance optimization, vehicle quality reduction, component performance improvement, accessory performance optimization and other factors related to vehicle energy saving and quantify by means of simulation, indicating the direction of automobile energy saving optimization.
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已,并不用以限制本发明,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。The above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the scope of the present invention. within the scope of protection.
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