CN105547544B - Ultrasonic wave residual stress test method for macroscopical out-of-plane deformation flat board weldment - Google Patents
Ultrasonic wave residual stress test method for macroscopical out-of-plane deformation flat board weldment Download PDFInfo
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- CN105547544B CN105547544B CN201610006387.0A CN201610006387A CN105547544B CN 105547544 B CN105547544 B CN 105547544B CN 201610006387 A CN201610006387 A CN 201610006387A CN 105547544 B CN105547544 B CN 105547544B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L1/00—Measuring force or stress, in general
- G01L1/25—Measuring force or stress, in general using wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays, microwaves, neutrons
- G01L1/255—Measuring force or stress, in general using wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays, microwaves, neutrons using acoustic waves, or acoustic emission
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Abstract
A kind of ultrasonic wave residual stress test method for macroscopical out-of-plane deformation flat board weldment, step are as follows：A1, foil gauge is pasted in the region to be measured of flat board weldment, the ultrasonic propagation direction that foil gauge tests the ultrasonic wave residual stress test with that will carry out that should change direction is consistent；A2, application external force make macroscopical out-of-plane deformation of flat board weldment disappear and maintain formation state；A3, the strain value ε that internal strain piece in region to be measured measures is read, calculate region to be measured and eliminate power σ caused by reversible deformationw, σw=E ε, E are modulus of elasticity of the flat board weldment material in strain testing direction；Foil gauge on A4, removing region to be measured, carries out ultrasonic wave residual stress test to region to be measured, obtains residual stress measurement value σc；A5, the power σ according to caused by region to be measured eliminates reversible deformationwWith residual stress measurement value σc, determine actual the residual-stress value σ, σ=σ in flat board weldment region to be measuredc‑σw.This method can significantly improve ultrasonic wave to the residual stress test precision of macroscopical out-of-plane deformation flat board weldment be present.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of macroscopical facial contour for solving flat board weldment to cause ultrasonic wave-coupled state and propagation path
The ultrasonic wave residual stress test method of change, belong to the field of non destructive testing of welding residual stress.
Background technology
Agitating friction weldering is by the use of frictional heat and plastic deformation heat as welding heat source, by a cylinder or other shapes
The mixing needle of (such as threaded cylinder) stretches into the seam crossing of workpiece, is rotated by the high speed of soldering tip, makes itself and welding workpiece material
Material friction, so that the material temperature rise softening of connecting portion.Agitating friction welding belongs to non-melt welding, have postwelding without
Reinforcement, weld defect is less, and appearance of weld is good, and weld strength can reach strength of parent, and it is excellent that welding dissimilar materials etc. can be achieved
Point, had a wide range of applications in Aero-Space, rail vehicle, shipbuilding industry etc..Flat part welds the most frequently used mode
Welded for single shaft shoulder agitating friction.During single shaft shoulder agitating friction weldering, due to the residual stress shape of flat board weldment top and bottom
State differs greatly, and can often cause macroscopical out-of-plane deformation of flat board weldment.Agitating friction welds the lossless of residual stress distribution state
Evaluation, deformation is welded to agitating friction and residual stress state control adjustment is significant.
Supercritical ultrasonics technology measurement remnant stress belongs to indirect measurement, and spread speed of the ultrasonic wave in test sample is treated is with treating test sample
In residual stress there is acoustic elasticity relation, i.e., ultrasonic wave in the spread speed in treating test sample and treat that the remnants in test sample should
Linear relationship is presented in power substantially.According to ultrasonic wave and the relation between test sample residual stress is treated, the remnants that can treat test sample should
Power is tested.The most widely used ultrasonic wave is critical refraction longitudinal wave, when longitudinal wave probe is slanted through test at a certain angle
During plane, the compressional wave parallel to test plane can be reflected, the compressional wave is referred to as critical refraction longitudinal wave.Critical refraction longitudinal wave is more at present
For the residual stress test to flat work pieces, for having more obvious macroscopic deformation face, the i.e. plane with certain curvature
Residual stress test, it is primarily present problems with：1st, the voussoir of mounting ultrasonic is unable to good fit with test plane；2nd, it is critical
Refracted longitudinal wave can not be propagated along parallel surfaces, and actual propagation path has more notable difference with nominal propagation path.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of ultrasonic wave residual stress test side for macroscopical out-of-plane deformation flat board weldment
Method.It is poor in the test plane couple state of weldment that this method can solve mounting ultrasonic voussoir, ultrasonic wave actual propagation path
With nominal path difference problem, ultrasonic wave can be significantly improved to the residual stress test of macroscopical out-of-plane deformation flat board weldment be present
Precision.
The present invention realizes that its goal of the invention is adopted the technical scheme that：It is a kind of for macroscopical out-of-plane deformation flat board weldment
Ultrasonic wave residual stress test method, its step are as follows：
A1, foil gauge is pasted in the region to be measured of flat board weldment, what foil gauge was tested should change direction with that will carry out
Ultrasonic wave residual stress test ultrasonic propagation direction it is consistent；
A2, application external force make macroscopical out-of-plane deformation of flat board weldment disappear and maintain formation state；
A3, the strain value ε that internal strain piece in region to be measured measures is read, calculate region to be measured and eliminate power caused by reversible deformation
σw, σw=E ε, wherein E are modulus of elasticity of the flat board weldment material in strain testing direction；
Foil gauge on A4, removing region to be measured, ultrasonic wave residual stress test is carried out to region to be measured, obtains flat board weldering
The residual stress measurement value σ in region to be measured when part is in formation statec；
A5, the power σ according to caused by the A3 regions to be measured for walking to obtain eliminate reversible deformationwIt is residual with the A4 regions to be measured for walking to obtain
Residue stress measured value σc, determine actual the residual-stress value σ, σ=σ in flat board weldment region to be measuredc-σw。
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：
Agitating friction welding differs greatly due to welding the stress state of top and bottom, more obvious macroscopical face easily occurs
Outer deformation, form the test surfaces with certain curvature.The couple state of mounting ultrasonic voussoir and test surfaces is produced more bright
Aobvious influence, and the test plane that test is formed easily cause the actual propagation distance of ultrasonic wave and nominal distance to exist more
Notable difference.The present invention is first to needing the weld signature region (region to be measured) for carrying out ultrasonic wave residual stress to paste strain
Piece, macroscopical out-of-plane deformation of flat board weldment is then eliminated by applying external applied load, after eliminating deformation, according to foil gauge measure should
Variate determines power caused by elimination reversible deformation, then removes foil gauge and cleans test plane, then with ultrasonic wave to region to be measured
Residual stress test is carried out, further according to residual stress test value, the anti-actual stress state for releasing flat board weldment.Above method solution
Mounting ultrasonic voussoir of having determined is poor in test plane couple state, ultrasonic wave actual propagation path and nominal path difference problem,
Ultrasonic wave is significantly improved to the residual stress test precision of macroscopical out-of-plane deformation flat board weldment be present.
Further, the region to be measured of flat board weldment of the present invention is the welding for needing to carry out ultrasonic wave residual stress test
Characteristic area.
Further, the width in the region to be measured of flat board weldment of the present invention is 5-15mm, length 30-70mm.
In this manner it is ensured that flat board weldment each region to be measured with ultrasonic wave residual stress test ultrasonic propagation
Region is consistent, that is, eliminates power σ caused by reversible deformationwCorresponding region to be measured and residual stress measurement value σcCorresponding area to be measured
Domain is basically identical, so as to ensure the accuracy of the actual residual-stress value in region to be measured finally obtained.
Further, the foil gauge of the present invention pasted in each region to be measured of flat board weldment is no less than 4, step
It is the mean strain that all foil gauges measure in region to be measured to read the strain value ε that internal strain piece in region to be measured measures in rapid A3
Value.
The strain value measured by multiple foil gauges calculates mean strain value, it is ensured that calculates region to be measured and eliminates contravariant
Power σ caused by shapewAccuracy.
Further, step A2 of the present invention applies external force and macroscopical out-of-plane deformation of flat board weldment is disappeared and remain flat
The concrete operations of whole state are：Flat board weldment is put into smooth sample bench, external force is applied by rigid fixture, reduces flat board weldment
Due to macroscopical out-of-plane deformation caused by welding, the flatness of flat board weldment is detected by three-coordinates measuring machine, is surveyed according to three coordinates
Instrument testing result is measured, rigid fixture is transferred, is wholly absent macroscopical out-of-plane deformation, flat board weldment is in substantially flat shape
State.
So, macroscopical out-of-plane deformation in flat board weldment region to be measured can be completely eliminated, be allowed to be in formation state, ensure
Obtained region to be measured eliminates power σ caused by reversible deformationwAccuracy, also simultaneously make A4 step carry out ultrasonic wave residual stress test
When ultrasonic wave voussoir and weldment test plane between couple state it is good, ensure test accuracy.
Further, the modulus of elasticity of flat board weldment material used in step A3 of the present invention in strain testing direction
E measuring method is：According to treating that master plate weldment material processes modulus of elasticity test specimens, and modulus of elasticity test specimens length direction
It is consistent with the strain testing direction, the modulus of elasticity of test specimens is measured by stretching demarcation mode.
So, modulus of elasticity of the flat board weldment material in strain testing direction can be accurately tested out, is further ensured that final
The accuracy of the obtained actual residual stress of test zone.
The present invention is described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and detailed description.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the flat board weldment section for existing in the embodiment of the present invention after agitating friction weldering is welded macroscopical out-of-plane deformation
Schematic diagram.
Fig. 2 is the flat board weldment schematic top plan view that the embodiment of the present invention has divided region to be measured.
Fig. 3 is the test point point that the embodiment of the present invention carries out ultrasonic wave residual stress test to the region to be measured of flat board weldment
Cloth schematic diagram.
Fig. 4 is the flat board weldment vertical view signal that step of embodiment of the present invention A1 pastes foil gauge in each region to be measured
Figure.
Fig. 5 is that step of embodiment of the present invention A2 applies macroscopical out-of-plane deformation schematic diagram that load eliminates flat board weldment.
Fig. 6 is test point distribution schematic diagram of the embodiment of the present invention by blind hole measuring flat board weldment region to be measured.
Fig. 7 is the residual-stress value comparison diagram that the embodiment of the present invention is measured by distinct methods.
Embodiment
Embodiment
The present invention a kind of embodiment be：A kind of ultrasonic wave of flat board weldment for macroscopical out-of-plane deformation is remaining
Stress test method, its step are as follows：
A1, foil gauge is pasted in the region to be measured of flat board weldment, what foil gauge was tested should change direction with that will carry out
Ultrasonic wave residual stress test ultrasonic propagation direction it is consistent；
A2, application external force make macroscopical out-of-plane deformation of flat board weldment disappear and maintain formation state；
A3, the strain value ε that internal strain piece in region to be measured measures is read, calculate region to be measured and eliminate power caused by reversible deformation
σw, σw=E ε, wherein E are modulus of elasticity of the flat board weldment material in strain testing direction；
Foil gauge on A4, removing region to be measured, ultrasonic wave residual stress test is carried out to region to be measured, obtains flat board weldering
The residual stress measurement value σ in region to be measured when part is in formation statec；
A5, the power σ according to caused by the A3 regions to be measured for walking to obtain eliminate reversible deformationwIt is residual with the A4 regions to be measured for walking to obtain
Residue stress measured value σc, determine actual the residual-stress value σ, σ=σ in flat board weldment region to be measuredc-σw。
The region to be measured of flat board weldment described in this example is the weld signature area for needing to carry out ultrasonic wave residual stress test
Domain, the width in region to be measured is 5-15mm, length 30-70mm.
The foil gauge pasted described in this example in each region to be measured of flat board weldment is no less than 4, is read in step A3
The strain value ε for taking internal strain piece in region to be measured to measure is the mean strain value that all foil gauges measure in region to be measured.
Step A2 described in this example, which applies external force, to be made macroscopical out-of-plane deformation of flat board weldment disappear and maintains formation state
Concrete operations are：Flat board weldment is put into smooth sample bench, external force is applied by rigid fixture, reduces flat board weldment due to welding
Caused macroscopical out-of-plane deformation, the flatness of flat board weldment is detected by three-coordinates measuring machine, is detected according to three-coordinates measuring machine
As a result, rigid fixture is transferred, is wholly absent macroscopical out-of-plane deformation, flat board weldment is in substantially flat state.
Flat board weldment material used is in the measurement side of the elastic modulus E in strain testing direction in step A3 described in this example
Method is：According to treat master plate weldment material process modulus of elasticity test specimens, and modulus of elasticity test specimens length direction with it is described should
It is consistent to become measurement direction, the modulus of elasticity of test specimens is measured by stretching demarcation mode.
In order to prove the measurement accuracy of the inventive method, chosen material is 2219 flat aluminium alloy plate weldments, is stirred
Friction welding, there is macroscopical out-of-plane deformation outside more obvious face in parallel bead direction after the completion of welding, as shown in Figure 1.
The part for needing measurement remnant stress of flat board weldment is divided into 36 regions to be measured, as shown in Fig. 2 a is flat
The region for needing measurement remnant stress of plate weldment, b are the region to be measured of division.The central point for taking each region to be measured is ultrasound
The test point of ripple residual stress test, totally 36, directly carry out ultrasonic wave residual stress test, distribution such as Fig. 3 institutes of test point
Show, the result measured is as shown in distributing line K1 in Fig. 7.
According to step A1,4 foil gauges are each pasted in region to be measured in flat board weldment, as shown in figure 4, c is area to be measured
The foil gauge pasted in domain.External force is applied by rigid fixture according to step A2, makes flat board weldment due to macroscopical caused by welding
Out-of-plane deformation disappears, and flat board weldment is in formation state；Fig. 5 shows to apply macroscopical out-of-plane deformation that external force eliminates flat board weldment
Schematic diagram, F1, F2 are the power applied in flat board weldment two edges.According to step A3, calculate each region to be measured and eliminate reversible deformation
Caused power.Flat board weldment region surface to be measured is cleaned up according to step A4, to the flat board weldment in formation state
Each region to be measured carries out ultrasonic wave residual stress test, the test point of ultrasonic wave residual stress test and above-mentioned is not handled by
It is identical to carry out the test point of ultrasonic wave residual stress test, is the central point in each region to be measured.Determined according to step A5 flat
The actual residual-stress value in each region to be measured in plate weldment region to be measured, as shown in distributing line K2 in Fig. 7.
External load is discharged, flat board weldment is recovered original initial deformation state, is used for the unified accreditation of industry
Damage method of testing Blind Hole Method and residual stress test is carried out to it, as shown in fig. 6, d represents to pass through blind hole measuring flat board weldment
The test point of region residual stress to be measured.The result measured is as shown in K3 distributed points in Fig. 7.
As can be seen from Figure 7 the stress test result (K1) of the inventive method is not used generally than using the inventive method
Test result (K2) it is big, be compared test, the stress test result of Blind Hole Method using the Blind Hole Method of the unified accreditation of industry
(K3) with, more closely, demonstrating the practicality of this method, solving fixed ultrasound using method institute test result (K2) of the present invention
Ripple voussoir is poor in test plane couple state, ultrasonic wave actual propagation path and nominal path difference problem, significantly improves super
To the residual stress test precision of macroscopical out-of-plane deformation flat board weldment be present in sound wave.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of ultrasonic wave residual stress test method for macroscopical out-of-plane deformation flat board weldment, its step is as follows：
A1, foil gauge is pasted in the region to be measured of flat board weldment, what foil gauge was tested should change direction and will carry out super
The ultrasonic propagation direction of sound wave residual stress test is consistent；
A2, application external force make macroscopical out-of-plane deformation of flat board weldment disappear and maintain formation state；
A3, the strain value ε that internal strain piece in region to be measured measures is read, calculate region to be measured and eliminate power σ caused by reversible deformationw, σw=
E ε, wherein E are modulus of elasticity of the flat board weldment material in strain testing direction；
Foil gauge on A4, removing region to be measured, carries out ultrasonic wave residual stress test to region to be measured, obtains at flat board weldment
The residual stress measurement value σ in region to be measured when formation statec；
A5, the power σ according to caused by the A3 regions to be measured for walking to obtain eliminate reversible deformationwRemnants with the A4 regions to be measured for walking to obtain should
Power measured value σc, determine actual the residual-stress value σ, σ=σ in flat board weldment region to be measuredc-σw。
A kind of 2. ultrasonic wave residual stress test side for macroscopical out-of-plane deformation flat board weldment according to claim 1
Method, it is characterised in that：The region to be measured of the flat board weldment is the weld signature area for needing to carry out ultrasonic wave residual stress test
Domain.
A kind of 3. ultrasonic wave residual stress test side for macroscopical out-of-plane deformation flat board weldment according to claim 2
Method, it is characterised in that：The width in the region to be measured of the flat board weldment is 5-15mm, length 30-70mm.
A kind of 4. ultrasonic wave residual stress test side for macroscopical out-of-plane deformation flat board weldment according to claim 3
Method, it is characterised in that：The foil gauge pasted in the region to be measured of flat board weldment is no less than 4, reads and treats in step A3
It is the mean strain value that all foil gauges measure in region to be measured to survey the strain value ε that internal strain piece in region measures.
5. surveyed according to a kind of any described ultrasonic wave residual stress for macroscopical out-of-plane deformation flat board weldment of claim 1-4
Method for testing, it is characterised in that：The step A2, which applies external force, to be made macroscopical out-of-plane deformation of flat board weldment disappear and maintains smooth shape
The concrete operations of state are：Flat board weldment is put into smooth sample bench, by rigid fixture apply external force, reduce flat board weldment due to
Macroscopical out-of-plane deformation caused by welding, the flatness of flat board weldment is detected by three-coordinates measuring machine, according to three-coordinates measuring machine
Testing result, rigid fixture is transferred, be wholly absent macroscopical out-of-plane deformation, flat board weldment is in substantially flat state.
6. surveyed according to a kind of any described ultrasonic wave residual stress for macroscopical out-of-plane deformation flat board weldment of claim 1-4
Method for testing, it is characterised in that：The survey of the elastic modulus E of flat board weldment material used in strain testing direction in the step A3
Amount method is：According to treating that master plate weldment material processes modulus of elasticity test specimens, and modulus of elasticity test specimens length direction and institute
State that strain testing direction is consistent, the modulus of elasticity of test specimens is measured by stretching demarcation mode.
A kind of 7. ultrasonic wave residual stress test side for macroscopical out-of-plane deformation flat board weldment according to claim 5
Method, it is characterised in that：The measurement side of the elastic modulus E of flat board weldment material used in strain testing direction in the step A3
Method is：According to treat master plate weldment material process modulus of elasticity test specimens, and modulus of elasticity test specimens length direction with it is described should
It is consistent to become measurement direction, the modulus of elasticity of test specimens is measured by stretching demarcation mode.
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| CN109032070B (en) * | 2018-07-19 | 2020-11-03 | 西南交通大学 | Non-contact R-test measuring instrument calibration method adopting eddy current displacement sensor |
| CN112097972B (en) * | 2020-08-12 | 2022-04-05 | 佛山方竹科技有限公司 | Method for rapidly measuring internal stress of building ceramic plate and application |
| CN113552061B (en) * | 2021-07-21 | 2024-02-20 | 安徽理工大学 | Ultrasonic welding-cementing composite interface friction coefficient measurement and calculation method |
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