CN105546335A - 加氢站的蒸发气体管理 - Google Patents

加氢站的蒸发气体管理 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105546335A
CN105546335A CN201510715801.0A CN201510715801A CN105546335A CN 105546335 A CN105546335 A CN 105546335A CN 201510715801 A CN201510715801 A CN 201510715801A CN 105546335 A CN105546335 A CN 105546335A
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China
Prior art keywords
gas
hydrogen
boil
pipeline
filling station
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Pending
Application number
CN201510715801.0A
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English (en)
Inventor
W-H·雷泽
T·凯德雷尔
S·舍费尔
M·韦斯特迈尔
J·舍戴
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Linde GmbH
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Linde GmbH
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Publication of CN105546335A publication Critical patent/CN105546335A/zh
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C7/00—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases from pressure vessels, not covered by another subclass
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C7/00—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases from pressure vessels, not covered by another subclass
    • F17C7/02—Discharging liquefied gases
    • F17C7/04—Discharging liquefied gases with change of state, e.g. vaporisation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C5/00—Methods or apparatus for filling containers with liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases under pressures
    • F17C5/002—Automated filling apparatus
    • F17C5/007—Automated filling apparatus for individual gas tanks or containers, e.g. in vehicles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C5/00—Methods or apparatus for filling containers with liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases under pressures
    • F17C5/06—Methods or apparatus for filling containers with liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases under pressures for filling with compressed gases
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C9/00—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied or solidified gases from vessels not under pressure
    • F17C9/02—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied or solidified gases from vessels not under pressure with change of state, e.g. vaporisation
    • F17C9/04—Recovery of thermal energy
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
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    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/01—Pure fluids
    • F17C2221/012—Hydrogen
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    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0107—Single phase
    • F17C2223/0123—Single phase gaseous, e.g. CNG, GNC
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
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    • F17C2223/0161—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
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    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2223/033—Small pressure, e.g. for liquefied gas
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    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/04—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by other properties of handled fluid before transfer
    • F17C2223/042—Localisation of the removal point
    • F17C2223/043—Localisation of the removal point in the gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/04—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by other properties of handled fluid before transfer
    • F17C2223/042—Localisation of the removal point
    • F17C2223/046—Localisation of the removal point in the liquid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2225/01—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2225/0107—Single phase
    • F17C2225/0115—Single phase dense or supercritical, i.e. at high pressure and high density
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2225/01—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
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    • F17C2225/0123—Single phase gaseous, e.g. CNG, GNC
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2225/01—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
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    • F17C2225/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F17C2225/0161—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2225/03—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2225/036—Very high pressure, i.e. above 80 bars
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F17C2227/0128—Propulsion of the fluid with pumps or compressors
    • F17C2227/0135—Pumps
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    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
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    • F17C2227/0302—Heat exchange with the fluid by heating
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    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
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    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
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    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2220/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for the removal of impurities
    • F25J2220/04—Separating impurities in general from the product stream
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P90/00—Enabling technologies with a potential contribution to greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions mitigation
    • Y02P90/45—Hydrogen technologies in production processes

Abstract

本发明公开了一种用于运行加氢站的方法，其中，所述加氢站包括至少一个用于存储液态氢并且至少偶尔会积聚蒸发气体(6)的存储罐(S)，至少一个用于将氢气压缩至所需要的分配压力的低温泵(C)，至少一个通过其来分配压缩氢气的分配器(D)，和连接上述组件的管线(1-4)。根据本发明，所积聚的蒸发气体(6)至少部分地用于冷却加氢站的至少一个组件和/或管线，和/或至少部分地催化燃烧(K)。

Description

加氢站的蒸发气体管理
本发明涉及一种用于运行加氢站的方法，包括
-至少一个存储罐，用于存储液态氢，并且在其中至少偶尔地积聚蒸发气体；
-至少一个低温泵，用于将氢气压缩至所需要的分配压力；
-至少一个分配器，通过其来分配压缩氢气，和
-管线，连接上述组件。
在下文中，术语“加氢站”被理解为是指用于将压缩的气态氢分配至在移动或固定装置中存在的蓄压器罐的所有设施，并用于存储压缩氢气。
当在加氢站中存储液态氢的时候，会不可避免地形成蒸发气体，并且目前会以未使用的状态释放至大气中，或供给至所谓的蒸发气体管理系统。例如，这样的系统包括压缩蒸发气体的压缩器，从而使得其还可用于装填蓄压器罐，或者燃烧氢气的小的热电联产设备(Mink-BHKW)。
然而，无论是从环境还是从经济的角度出发，将蒸发气体释放至大气中都是不利的。在上文描述的蒸发气体的压缩在设备工程方面来说是相当复杂的并且是资金密集的，因此通常来说是不经济的。由此，这种概念在商业上用于加氢站是不可能的。
本发明的目的在于提供运行加氢站的通用方法，其避免了前述的缺点。
所提出的用于实现这种目的的为用于运行加氢站的通用方法，其特征在于所述在至少一个存储罐中积聚的蒸发气体至少部分地用于冷却加氢站的至少一个组件和/或管线，和/或至少部分地催化燃烧。
根据本发明，现在使用蒸发气体的热容量来冷却加氢站的组件和/或管线。而在之前，则使用电能来冷却和加热这样的组件和管线。
所述蒸发气体有利地至少部分用于冷却连接低温泵和分配器的管线。所规定的框架条件需要使这种管线保持在-40℃至-33℃之间的温度范围内。
可替换地或者另外地，蒸发气体被催化燃烧。在加入氧气或者例如空气的富氧气体混合物之后，可以在合适的催化剂中燃烧蒸发气体，而不产生火焰。
在催化燃烧蒸发气体的同时，所产生的热量有利地至少部分地用于加热通过低温泵压缩的氢气，所述氢气会被供给至分配器。
在根据本发明方法的其他实例中，所建议的是将所述蒸发气体在待加热的氢气会流经的蓄热器中、优选在铝块中催化燃烧。作为这种过程的结果，在900bar的压力下泵送的温度为-220℃至-60℃的低温氢气可被温热至所期望的温度，例如-40℃。所述蒸发气体中的氢气会与存在的或加入的空气中的氧气一起催化燃烧成水。所述水以水蒸气的形式经过合适的烟道而被持续地释放至环境或大气中。
根据本发明所述用于运行加氢站的方法以及本发明其它有利的实施方式将在下文基于图1中所示的示例性实施方式来更加详细地描述。
图1示出加氢站的基本组件，特别是用于存储液态氢的存储罐S，用于将氢气压缩至所期望的分配压力的低温泵C，和通过其而将压缩氢气分配至移动或固定蓄压器罐的分配器D。图1还示出连接上述组件的管线1至4。
通过管线1从存储罐S移出的液态氢在低温泵C中压缩至所期望的分配压力，例如750至900bar。温度例如为-220℃至-60℃的压缩氢气通过管线2而导向经过铝块T，在其中例如温热至-40℃的温度。压缩氢气通过管线部分3和4而供给至分配器D，通过填充管线5而由分配器D供给至未在图1中示出的蓄压器罐。
在图1中所示的示例性实施方式中，所述在存储罐S中积聚的蒸发气体6被分为两个分流7和10。在加入空气8之后，将第一蒸发气体分流7供给至位于铝块T内的催化剂K，在其中催化燃烧，并通过管线9释放至大气中。在催化燃烧过程中，在催化剂K处产生的热量存储于铝块T中，并温热连续流过或间歇性经过铝块T的氢气流2。如果催化燃烧蒸发气体分流7的热量不足以将氢气流2温热至所期望的温度，那么就必须提供未在图1中示出的其它加热装置，例如电加热器。
第二蒸发气体分流10被用于冷却(通过热交换器E来表示)连接低温泵C和分配器D的管线部分3和4。如已经描述的，这些管线部分必须保持在-40℃至-33℃的温度，例如从而能够与所期望的框架条件相适应。在管线部分3和4被冷却之后，蒸发气体分流还通过管线11而被释放至环境中，或者还被催化燃烧。
根据本发明所述用于运行加氢站的方法使得其能够使用在蒸发气体中所包含的能量和焓。特别有利的是，运行加氢站所需要的电能的用量可以由于这种应用而显著地降低，因为在这之前，冷却和加热基本上通过电冷却和加热装置来实现。此外，根据本发明的用于运行加氢站的方法在设计上是简单的，易于控制的并且是可扩展的。

Claims (4)

1.一种用于运行加氢站的方法，包括：
-至少一个存储罐(S)，用于存储液态氢，并且在其中至少偶尔地积聚蒸发气体(6)；
-至少一个低温泵(C)，用于将氢气压缩至所期望的分配压力；
-至少一个分配器(D)，通过其来分配压缩氢气，和
-管线(1-4)，连接上述的组件，
其特征在于，所述在至少一个存储罐(S)中积聚的蒸发气体(6)至少部分地用于冷却加氢站的至少一个组件和/或管线，和/或至少部分地催化燃烧(K)。
2.根据权利要求1的方法，其特征在于催化燃烧(K)所述蒸发气体(6)时所产生的热量至少部分地用于温热(T)通过低温泵(C)压缩的氢气。
3.根据权利要求1或2的方法，其特征在于所述蒸发气体(6)在待温热的氢气(2)会由其中流经的蓄热器中、优选在铝块中催化燃烧(K)。
4.根据权利要求1至3任一项的方法，其特征在于所述在至少一个存储罐(S)中积聚的蒸发气体(6)至少部分地用于冷却(E)连接低温泵(C)和分配器(D)的管线(3、4)。
CN201510715801.0A 2014-10-28 2015-10-28 加氢站的蒸发气体管理 Pending CN105546335A (zh)

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