CN105544788A - 一种环保墙体 - Google Patents

一种环保墙体 Download PDF

Info

Publication number
CN105544788A
CN105544788A CN201610041310.7A CN201610041310A CN105544788A CN 105544788 A CN105544788 A CN 105544788A CN 201610041310 A CN201610041310 A CN 201610041310A CN 105544788 A CN105544788 A CN 105544788A
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
wall
wall panel
side fascia
plate
layer
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
CN201610041310.7A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
刘进武
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Wendeng Landao Construction Engineering Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Wendeng Landao Construction Engineering Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Wendeng Landao Construction Engineering Co Ltd filed Critical Wendeng Landao Construction Engineering Co Ltd
Priority to CN201610041310.7A priority Critical patent/CN105544788A/zh
Publication of CN105544788A publication Critical patent/CN105544788A/zh
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61LMETHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L9/00Disinfection, sterilisation or deodorisation of air
    • A61L9/16Disinfection, sterilisation or deodorisation of air using physical phenomena
    • A61L9/22Ionisation
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D53/00Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/02Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
    • B01D53/04Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography with stationary adsorbents
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04BGENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/64Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor for making damp-proof; Protection against corrosion
    • E04B1/644Damp-proof courses
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04BGENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/70Drying or keeping dry, e.g. by air vents
    • E04B1/7069Drying or keeping dry, e.g. by air vents by ventilating
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04BGENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/74Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
    • E04B1/76Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04BGENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/74Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
    • E04B1/76Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only
    • E04B1/78Heat insulating elements
    • E04B1/80Heat insulating elements slab-shaped
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04BGENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/74Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
    • E04B1/82Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to sound only
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04BGENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/92Protection against other undesired influences or dangers
    • E04B1/94Protection against other undesired influences or dangers against fire
    • E04B1/941Building elements specially adapted therefor
    • E04B1/942Building elements specially adapted therefor slab-shaped
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04BGENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D2253/00Adsorbents used in seperation treatment of gases and vapours
    • B01D2253/10Inorganic adsorbents
    • B01D2253/102Carbon
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D2257/00Components to be removed
    • B01D2257/70Organic compounds not provided for in groups B01D2257/00 - B01D2257/602
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D2258/00Sources of waste gases
    • B01D2258/06Polluted air

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Epidemiology (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)
  • Finishing Walls (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种墙体,具体涉及一种环保墙体,属于建筑墙体技术领域。其技术方案是:墙体从外到内依次设置有外墙饰面板、砌体围护墙体、外墙板、轻钢龙骨、内墙板以及内墙饰面板;在砌体围护墙体与外墙板之间设置有透气层以及保温板;在保温板与透气层的相对面上敷有防水透气膜;所述外墙板和内墙板中均填充有可释放负氧离子的矿物质颗粒,外墙饰面板、内墙饰面板上涂刷有可释放负氧离子的涂料,能持续诱生空气负氧离子、释放远红外线,达到杀菌、抑菌和提高空气洁净度的作用,同时在墙体中设置有用于吸附室内甲醛等毒性颗粒的吸附层,用于屏蔽电磁辐射的防辐射层等,从而保证绿色健康、环保无毒的居住环境。

Description

一种环保墙体
技术领域
本发明属于建筑墙体技术领域,特别涉及一种墙体。
背景技术
墙体是建筑物的重要组成部分,起着承受载荷,围护,分隔房间,保温,隔热,隔音的作用,严寒地区的房屋外墙保温系统出现冷桥现象。且现有技术中,钢结构建筑以及混凝土框架结构建筑的围合墙体多采用粘土空心砖墙体,其防水及保温性能较低;而木结构建筑,其围合墙体多为木结构墙体,设计时侧重考虑内墙装饰和外墙防水,不能兼顾保温、透气和防水等各种因数。
此外,当今,空气和谁的污染已成为全球化的问题,人的许多疾病都与之密切相关。人类切需要在享受现代文明的同时,有一个健康的体魄,提高生活质量。室内环境对人们的身体健康尤为重要;然而,目前大多数墙体会释放甲醛、氨、苯、TDI等有害物质,这已成为威胁人类健康的头号杀手,因此,急需绿色健康、环保无毒的居住环境。
发明内容
本发明的目的是:为解决上述问题,本发明提供一种环保墙体。
所述墙体从外到内依次为外墙饰面板、砌体围护墙体、外墙板、轻钢龙骨、内墙板以及内墙饰面板。
在所述内墙板以及所述内墙饰面板之间设置有保温板;在所述砌体围护墙体与所述外墙板之间设置有透气层;在所述外墙板与所述透气层的相对面上敷有防水透气膜。
所述外墙板和内墙板由水泥:沙子:硫酸钡按1.5:1.5:1的比例混合浇铸制成,且所述外墙板和所述内墙板的厚度均大于10cm;且所述外墙板和内墙板中均填充有可释放负氧离子的矿物质颗粒,且所述外墙板中所述矿物质颗粒的质量占外墙板总质量的0.1%;所述内墙板中所述矿物质颗粒的质量占内墙板总质量的0.3%。
所述内墙饰面板包括壳体和设在壳体中的保温材料,所述壳体外侧设有隔音层,内侧设有吸附层。
作为本发明的一种优选方式:所述内墙饰面板的外表面涂刷有纳米负离子功能型内墙乳胶漆,并在纳米负离子功能型内墙乳胶漆的表面设置有负离子环保装饰线条。
作为本发明的一种优选方式:所述外墙饰面板的外表面涂刷有UV负离子水性光固化涂料;其中,UV负离子水性光固化涂料中添加有耐候稳定剂、耐热稳定剂和紫外吸收剂。
作为本发明的一种优选方式:所述吸附层的材质为活性炭。
作为本发明的一种优选方式:所述轻钢龙骨中内嵌保温材料。
作为本发明的一种优选方式:所述保温板包括保温外框架,所述保温外框架内设置有两个以上空腔,每个空腔内设置有发泡材料层和保温部件层,所述保温部件层与发泡材料层相复合,所述保温部件层包括阻燃保温板和增强保温层,所述增强保温层复合在阻燃保温板上。
作为本发明的一种优选方式:所述轻钢龙骨与所述砌体围护墙体之间设置有拉结筋;所述轻钢龙骨与所述外墙板之间采用自攻螺钉连接;所述保温板与所述内墙板、所述内墙饰面板之间采用添加了负离子空气净化剂的建筑用环保胶水粘结。
有益效果:
(1)本发明所述墙体通过在外墙板和内墙板中填充可释放负氧离子的矿物质颗粒、在内墙饰面板的外表面涂刷纳米负离子功能型内墙乳胶漆等手段,使墙体能持续诱生空气负氧离子、释放远红外线,达到杀菌、抑菌和提高空气洁净度的作用,使得室内的空气质量更加有益于人类健康;并在外墙饰面板的外表面涂刷有UV负离子水性光固化涂料,使得房屋周围的空气也得到净化;通过吸附层有效吸附室内的甲醛等毒性颗粒,保持室内空气的洁净度;通过在外墙板和内墙板中填充硫酸钡等手段,使墙体屏蔽电磁辐射,并持续产生空气负氧离子,使得室内的居住环境更加有益于人类健康。
(2)本发明耐候性好,避免出现冷桥现象,且阻燃性能优异;在砌体围护墙体与外墙板间设置透气层,达到排湿透气,防止轻钢龙骨锈蚀;轻钢龙骨与砌体围护墙体之间设拉结筋,轻钢龙骨与外墙板采用自攻螺钉连接,保温板与内墙板粘结,形成外墙保温体系,使整个墙体成为一个整体,同时整个墙体为轻钢龙骨结构承重,具有优良的抗震性能,保证结构安全。
附图说明
附图1为本发明组成结构示意图;
其中,1-外墙饰面板、2-砌体围护墙体、3-透气层、4-保温板、5-外墙板、6-轻钢龙骨、7-内墙板、8-内墙饰面板。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图并举实施例,对本发明进行详细描述。
参见附图1,所述的环保墙体从外到内依次为外墙饰面板1、砌体围护墙体2、外墙板5、内嵌保温材料的轻钢龙骨6、内墙板7以及内墙饰面板8。在所述内墙板7以及所述内墙饰面板8之间设置有保温板4;在所述砌体围护墙体2与所述外墙板5之间设置有透气层3;在所述外墙板5与所述透气层3的相对面上敷有防水透气膜。
其中所述轻钢龙骨6与所述砌体围护墙体2之间设置有拉结筋;所述轻钢龙骨6与所述外墙板5之间采用自攻螺钉连接;所述保温板4与所述内墙板7、所述内墙饰面板8之间采用添加了负离子空气净化剂的建筑用环保胶水粘结。
所述外墙板5和内墙板7由水泥:沙子:硫酸钡按1.5:1.5:1的比例混合浇铸制成,且所述外墙板5和所述内墙板7的厚度均大于10cm;且所述外墙板5和内墙板7中均填充有可释放负氧离子的矿物质颗粒,且所述外墙板5中所述矿物质颗粒的质量占外墙板5总质量的0.1%;所述内墙板7中所述矿物质颗粒的质量占内墙板7总质量的0.3%。
所述内墙饰面板8包括壳体和设在壳体中的保温材料,所述壳体外侧设有隔音层,内侧设有材质为活性炭的吸附层。内墙饰面板8的外表面涂刷有纳米负离子功能型内墙乳胶漆,并在纳米负离子功能型内墙乳胶漆的表面设置有负离子环保装饰线条。
所述外墙饰面板1的外表面涂刷有UV负离子水性光固化涂料;其中,UV负离子水性光固化涂料中添加有耐候稳定剂、耐热稳定剂和紫外吸收剂。
所述保温板4包括保温外框架,所述保温外框架内设置有两个以上空腔,每个空腔内设置有发泡材料层和保温部件层,所述保温部件层与发泡材料层相复合,所述保温部件层包括阻燃保温板和增强保温层,所述增强保温层复合在阻燃保温板上。
以上仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已,并非用于限定本发明的保护范围。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (7)

1.一种环保墙体,其特征是:所述墙体从外到内依次为外墙饰面板(1)、砌体围护墙体(2)、外墙板(5)、轻钢龙骨(6)、内墙板(7)以及内墙饰面板(8);
在所述内墙板(7)以及所述内墙饰面板(8)之间设置有保温板(4);在所述砌体围护墙体(2)与所述外墙板(5)之间设置有透气层(3);在所述外墙板(5)与所述透气层(3)的相对面上敷有防水透气膜;
所述外墙板(5)和内墙板(7)由水泥:沙子:硫酸钡按1.5:1.5:1的比例混合浇铸制成,且所述外墙板(5)和所述内墙板(7)的厚度均大于10cm;且所述外墙板(5)和内墙板(7)中均填充有可释放负氧离子的矿物质颗粒,且所述外墙板(5)中所述矿物质颗粒的质量占外墙板(5)总质量的0.1%;所述内墙板(7)中所述矿物质颗粒的质量占内墙板(7)总质量的0.3%;
所述内墙饰面板(8)包括壳体和设在壳体中的保温材料,所述壳体外侧设有隔音层,内侧设有吸附层。
2.如权利要求1所述的环保墙体,其特征是:所述内墙饰面板(8)的外表面涂刷有纳米负离子功能型内墙乳胶漆,并在纳米负离子功能型内墙乳胶漆的表面设置有负离子环保装饰线条。
3.如权利要求1所述的环保墙体,其特征是:所述外墙饰面板(1)的外表面涂刷有UV负离子水性光固化涂料;其中,UV负离子水性光固化涂料中添加有耐候稳定剂、耐热稳定剂和紫外吸收剂。
4.如权利要求1、2或3所述的环保墙体,其特征是:所述吸附层的材质为活性炭。
5.如权利要求1、2或3所述的环保墙体,其特征是:所述轻钢龙骨(6)中内嵌保温材料。
6.如权利要求1、2或3所述的环保墙体,其特征是:所述保温板(4)包括保温外框架,所述保温外框架内设置有两个以上空腔,每个空腔内设置有发泡材料层和保温部件层,所述保温部件层与发泡材料层相复合,所述保温部件层包括阻燃保温板和增强保温层,所述增强保温层复合在阻燃保温板上。
7.如权利要求1、2或3所述的环保墙体,其特征是:所述轻钢龙骨(6)与所述砌体围护墙体(2)之间设置有拉结筋;所述轻钢龙骨(6)与所述外墙板(5)之间采用自攻螺钉连接;所述保温板(4)与所述内墙板(7)、所述内墙饰面板(8)之间采用添加了负离子空气净化剂的建筑用环保胶水粘结。
CN201610041310.7A 2016-01-21 2016-01-21 一种环保墙体 Pending CN105544788A (zh)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201610041310.7A CN105544788A (zh) 2016-01-21 2016-01-21 一种环保墙体

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201610041310.7A CN105544788A (zh) 2016-01-21 2016-01-21 一种环保墙体

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN105544788A true CN105544788A (zh) 2016-05-04

Family

ID=55824304

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN201610041310.7A Pending CN105544788A (zh) 2016-01-21 2016-01-21 一种环保墙体

Country Status (1)

Country Link
CN (1) CN105544788A (zh)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106499115A (zh) * 2016-11-16 2017-03-15 成都佳美嘉科技有限公司 一种保温混凝土墙
CN107327102A (zh) * 2017-07-17 2017-11-07 安徽三品技术服务有限公司 一种具有空气净化功能的装饰墙板
CN110670755A (zh) * 2019-09-30 2020-01-10 深圳龙源精造建设集团有限公司 一种装配式室内干挂式墙砖系统及其施工方法
CN112746715A (zh) * 2020-12-31 2021-05-04 江西师范大学 一种节能环保装饰外墙
CN118422920A (zh) * 2023-01-09 2024-08-02 北京大有创佳新能源科技有限公司 一种用于疾病预防的空间隔断组件

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106499115A (zh) * 2016-11-16 2017-03-15 成都佳美嘉科技有限公司 一种保温混凝土墙
CN107327102A (zh) * 2017-07-17 2017-11-07 安徽三品技术服务有限公司 一种具有空气净化功能的装饰墙板
CN110670755A (zh) * 2019-09-30 2020-01-10 深圳龙源精造建设集团有限公司 一种装配式室内干挂式墙砖系统及其施工方法
CN112746715A (zh) * 2020-12-31 2021-05-04 江西师范大学 一种节能环保装饰外墙
CN118422920A (zh) * 2023-01-09 2024-08-02 北京大有创佳新能源科技有限公司 一种用于疾病预防的空间隔断组件

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
CN105544788A (zh) 一种环保墙体
CN105544786A (zh) 一种可释放负氧离子的墙体
CN202017277U (zh) 一种轻钢别墅的墙体结构
CN107642178A (zh) 一种模块房混合型隔音墙
KR101439210B1 (ko) 발수 및 불연성 단열소재 조성물, 미장용 조성물 및 그 제조 방법
CN108385870A (zh) 一种环保墙体
CN208618585U (zh) 一种用于石膏复合板外墙内保温一体化结构
CN100580201C (zh) 大型合成装配式结构围护板
CN105756205A (zh) 一种具有防辐射功能的墙体
CN209293232U (zh) 一种轻钢房屋防水隔音墙体结构
CN105804270A (zh) 一种嵌有挂架并具有隔音效果的挂板及涂料饰面外墙
CN105804282A (zh) 一种具有防火、隔音功能的挂板饰面外墙
CN208363341U (zh) 一种室内装饰墙体结构
CN105804280A (zh) 一种具有防火功能的挂板饰面外墙
CN208934179U (zh) 一种非组合夹心毛细管网保温外墙
CN105804281A (zh) 一种嵌有挂架并具有防火效果的挂板及涂料饰面外墙
CN208918047U (zh) 一种建筑墙体
JP2018040105A (ja) パイプ状発泡断熱材
CN105756232A (zh) 一种具有隔音效果的挂板饰面外墙
CN211472902U (zh) 一种新型stp真空保温一体化板
CN105804279A (zh) 一种嵌有挂架并具有防火、隔音效果的挂板及涂料饰面外墙
CN214169540U (zh) 一种模块化建筑绿色节能外墙系统
CN105544797A (zh) 一种嵌有挂架并具有温感功能的挂板及涂料饰面外墙
KR101301699B1 (ko) 퍼라이트 조성물로 이루어진 단열재를 이용한 칸막이 구조물
KR20150059959A (ko) 몰타르 조성물

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
C06 Publication
PB01 Publication
WD01 Invention patent application deemed withdrawn after publication
WD01 Invention patent application deemed withdrawn after publication

Application publication date: 20160504