CN105542322B - 耐温耐油阻燃机车电缆 - Google Patents

耐温耐油阻燃机车电缆 Download PDF

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CN105542322B
CN105542322B CN201510945523.8A CN201510945523A CN105542322B CN 105542322 B CN105542322 B CN 105542322B CN 201510945523 A CN201510945523 A CN 201510945523A CN 105542322 B CN105542322 B CN 105542322B
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谭言秦
崔久德
吴士杰
陈虹校
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Abstract

本发明公开一种耐温耐油阻燃机车电缆,包括位于中心的缆芯、内护套层和低烟无卤外护套,所述缆芯和内护套层之间由内向外依次设置有尼龙带层、聚乙烯层,所述尼龙带层绕包于缆芯外表面,包括位于中心的缆芯、内护套层和低烟无卤外护套,所述低烟无卤外护套包括以下组分:三元乙丙橡胶、二元乙丙橡胶、高密度聚乙烯、煅烧陶土、氢氧化镁、磷氮类阻燃剂、硅烷偶联剂、氮化硅纳米粉、硼酸锌、硅酮母粒、硬脂酸锌、氟加工助剂‑PPA、硫代二丙酸双月桂酯、2‑巯基苯并咪唑锌盐。本发明具有高机械强度、耐磨性优异、耐高温性好、耐油性良好、可以快速挤出。

Description

耐温耐油阻燃机车电缆
技术领域
本发明涉及机车电缆,具体涉及一种耐温耐油阻燃机车电缆。
背景技术
机车车辆用线缆性能要求较多,特性值高。例如,为了适应轨道交通长期运行条件下的加速、制动、运行震动以及其它环境变化等情况下产生的拉、磨、冷热交替等使用要求,机车车辆用线缆需要满足耐油、耐水、耐候、耐老化、高阻燃、高机械强度、高耐磨、抗疲劳等特性要求;为了确保城轨的安全运行,同时预防城轨电气线路故障发生导致的次生灾害,机车车辆用线缆需要满足低烟、无卤、无毒等特性要求,以便于人员在特殊情况下的逃生和救护;为了适应高寒地带、热带地区、高海拔地区等不同地区的环境要求,特性要求应当满足耐高热、耐高寒、耐紫外线、防白蚁等性能要求。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种耐温耐油阻燃机车电缆,该耐温耐油阻燃机车电缆具有高机械强度、耐磨性优异、耐高温性好、耐油性良好、可以快速挤出。
为达到上述目的,本发明采用的技术方案是:一种耐温耐油阻燃机车电缆,包括位于中心的缆芯、内护套层和低烟无卤外护套,所述缆芯和内护套层之间由内向外依次设置有尼龙带层、聚乙烯层,所述尼龙带层绕包于缆芯外表面;
所述缆芯进一步包括位于中心的第一铜导体、内铜导体层和外铜导体层,所述内铜导体层由6根绞合于第一铜导体外表面的第二铜导体组成,所述外铜导体层由12根绞合于内铜导体层外表面的第三铜导体组成;
所述低烟无卤外护套由以下重量份的组分组成:
三元乙丙橡胶 50~70份,
二元乙丙橡胶 15~20份,
高密度聚乙烯 10~20份,
马来酸酐接枝聚乙烯共聚物 3~12份,
煅烧陶土 40~60份,
氢氧化镁 20~30份,
磷氮类阻燃剂 15~30份,
硅烷偶联剂 1.2~2份,
氮化硅纳米粉 2~6份,
硼酸锌 1~3份,
硅酮母粒 2~4份,
硬脂酸锌 0.5~1.2份,
氟加工助剂-PPA 0.5~1.4份,
四[β-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酸]季戊四醇 0.8~1份,
硫代二丙酸双月桂酯 0.9~1.2份,
2-巯基苯并咪唑锌盐 0.6~1.2份,
三羟甲基丙烷三甲基丙烯酸酯 1.5~3份。
上述技术方案中进一步改进的方案如下:
1. 上述方案中,所述高密度聚乙烯的熔体指数为0.08~2g/10min。
2. 上述方案中,所述马来酸酐接枝聚乙烯共聚物的接枝率为0.6%~1.2%,融熔指数为1~10g/10min。
3. 上述方案中,所述氮化硅纳米粉与三元乙丙橡胶的重量份比例为15:1。
4. 上述方案中,所述第一铜导体、第二铜导体和第三铜导体均由若干根铜线绞合而成。
由于上述技术方案的运用,本发明与现有技术相比具有下列优点:
1、本发明耐温耐油阻燃机车电缆,其采用氮化硅纳米粉作为填料,经特定偶联剂Z-6173处理,解决了纳米材料的难分散问题;同时和硼酸锌的按特定比例复配,机械力的作用下在基材树脂中选择性磨除,氮化硅纳米粉颗粒暴露出来作为球形,起到类似“微轴承”即润滑剂的作用,而硼酸锌也由于带有电荷会向表面移动,沉积于摩擦表面形成非晶态或无定型性膜,二者共同作用,提高了材料的耐磨性,制成电线后可以通过ISO6722标准中的刮磨和拖磨试验要求。
2、本发明耐温耐油阻燃机车电缆,其采用特定参数的三元乙丙橡胶50~70份、二元乙丙橡胶15~20份、高密度聚乙烯10~20份及马来酸酐接枝聚乙烯共聚物作为基体材料,与氮化硅纳米粉、硼酸锌混合,并配有特定的偶联剂和润滑剂,这种配合方式不仅保证了在VA含量较低的情况下,达到相当于高VA含量EVM的耐油性能,还获得了较高的物理机械性能,即制成电线后可以通过ISO6722标准中的耐化学流体(汽油、柴油、机油)试验要求,拉伸强度大于17MPa、断裂伸长率大于600%。
3、本发明耐温耐油阻燃机车电缆,其通过添加氟加工助剂FX-5921,与三元乙丙橡胶50~70份、二元乙丙橡胶15~20份、高密度聚乙烯10~20份、马来酸酐接枝聚乙烯共聚物按照特定比例进行搭配,可减少或消除熔体破裂,降低挤出机扭矩,提高熔流比,通过改善挤出工艺最终使材料表面光滑、可快速挤出,具有良好的加工性能。
4、本发明耐温耐油阻燃机车电缆,其采用的氟加工助剂FX-5921和耐磨填料硼酸锌在本配方体系中还起到防滴落和促进结壳的作用,与煅烧陶土、氢氧化镁及磷氮类阻燃剂复配,具有协同阻燃效果,进一步提高了材料在高温燃烧时的结壳性,即对阻燃性能的提升具有促进作用。
附图说明
附图1为本发明耐温耐油阻燃机车电缆结构示意图。
以上附图中:1、缆芯;2、内护套层;3、低烟无卤外护套;4、尼龙带层;5、聚乙烯层;6、第一铜导体;7、外铜导体层;71、第二铜导体;8、铜线。
具体实施方式
实施例1~4:一种耐温耐油阻燃机车电缆,包括位于中心的缆芯1、内护套层2和低烟无卤外护套3,所述缆芯1和内护套层2之间由内向外依次设置有尼龙带层4、聚乙烯层5,所述尼龙带层4绕包于缆芯1外表面;
所述缆芯1进一步包括位于中心的第一铜导体6、内铜导体层7和外铜导体层8,所述内铜导体层7由6根绞合于第一铜导体6外表面的第二铜导体71组成,所述外铜导体层8由12根绞合于内铜导体层7外表面的第三铜导体81组成;
所述低烟无卤外护套3由以下重量份的组分组成:
表1
上述第一铜导体6、第二铜导体71均由若干根铜线8绞合而成。
上述高密度聚乙烯的熔体指数为0.08~2g/10min。
上述马来酸酐接枝聚乙烯共聚物的接枝率为0.6%~1.2%,融熔指数为1~10g/10min。
上述氮化硅纳米粉与三元乙丙橡胶的重量份比例为15:1。
一种用于上述耐温耐油阻燃机车电缆的制造方法,所述耐温耐油阻燃机车电缆中低烟无卤外护套通过以下步骤获得:
步骤一、将所述三元乙丙橡胶50~70份、二元乙丙橡胶15~20份、高密度聚乙烯10~20份、马来酸酐接枝聚乙烯共聚物3~12份在100℃ -120℃密炼机中混炼5min-6min,混炼均匀;
步骤二、在所述密炼机中再加入煅烧陶土40~60份、氢氧化镁20~30份、磷氮类阻燃剂15~30份、硅烷偶联剂1.2~2份、氮化硅纳米粉2~6份、硼酸锌1~3份,混炼2min-3min;
步骤三、接着在所述密炼机中加入所述硅酮母粒2~4份、硬脂酸锌0.5~1.2份、氟加工助剂-PPA0.5~1.4份、四[β-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酸]季戊四醇0.8~1份、硫代二丙酸双月桂酯0.9~1.2份、2-巯基苯并咪唑锌盐0.6~1.2份,混炼3min-5min;
步骤四、在所述密炼机中最后加入三羟甲基丙烷三甲基丙烯酸酯1.5~3份,混炼0.5min-1.5min,然后排出混炼胶料;
步骤五、将所述混炼胶料在开炼机上薄通1-2 次,同时摆胶2-3 次,接着在三辊压延机上开条出片,输出的橡页经过冷却辊冷却,过滑石粉箱后,即制得成品。
本发明实施例1~4耐温耐油阻燃机车电缆中所制得的低烟无卤外护套的性能测试数据如表2所示:
表2
将本发明实施例1~4所得的耐温耐油阻燃机车电缆的性能测试数据如下表3所示:
表3
从表2和3中性能可以看出,采用本发明耐温耐油阻燃机车电缆中低烟无卤外护套,具有机械强度高、低烟无毒、耐磨性优异、耐高温性好、耐油性良好、可以快速挤出的,拉伸强度大于17MPa、断裂伸长率大于600%,制成电线后可以通过ISO6722标准中的刮磨和拖磨试验要求,及耐化学流体(汽油、柴油、机油)试验要求。
上述实施例只为说明本发明的技术构思及特点,其目的在于让熟悉此项技术的人士能够了解本发明的内容并据以实施,并不能以此限制本发明的保护范围。凡根据本发明精神实质所作的等效变化或修饰,都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (4)

1.一种耐温耐油阻燃机车电缆,其特征在于:包括位于中心的缆芯(1)、内护套层(2)和低烟无卤外护套(3),所述缆芯(1)和内护套层(2)之间由内向外依次设置有尼龙带层(4)、聚乙烯层(5),所述尼龙带层(4)绕包于缆芯(1)外表面;
所述缆芯(1)进一步包括位于中心的第一铜导体(6)和外铜导体层(7),所述外铜导体层(7)由6根绞合于第一铜导体(6)外表面的第二铜导体(71)组成,所述低烟无卤外护套(3)由以下重量份的组分组成:
三元乙丙橡胶 50~70份,
二元乙丙橡胶 15~20份,
高密度聚乙烯 10~20份,
马来酸酐接枝聚乙烯共聚物 3~12份,
煅烧陶土 40~60份,
氢氧化镁 20~30份,
磷氮类阻燃剂 15~30份,
硅烷偶联剂 1.2~2份,
氮化硅纳米粉 2~6份,
硼酸锌 1~3份,
硅酮母粒 2~4份,
硬脂酸锌 0.5~1.2份,
氟加工助剂-PPA 0.5~1.4份,
四[β-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酸]季戊四醇 0.8~1份,
硫代二丙酸双月桂酯 0.9~1.2份,
2-巯基苯并咪唑锌盐 0.6~1.2份,
三羟甲基丙烷三甲基丙烯酸酯 1.5~3份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的耐温耐油阻燃机车电缆,其特征在于:所述高密度聚乙烯的熔体指数为0.08~2g/10min。
3.根据权利要求1所述的耐温耐油阻燃机车电缆,其特征在于:所述马来酸酐接枝聚乙烯共聚物的接枝率为0.6%~1.2%,熔融指数为1~10g/10min。
4.根据权利要求1所述的耐温耐油阻燃机车电缆,其特征在于:所述第一铜导体(6)、第二铜导体(71)均由若干根铜线(8)绞合而成。
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