CN105531110A - 可缠绕的多层隔热罩 - Google Patents

可缠绕的多层隔热罩 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105531110A
CN105531110A CN201480049662.6A CN201480049662A CN105531110A CN 105531110 A CN105531110 A CN 105531110A CN 201480049662 A CN201480049662 A CN 201480049662A CN 105531110 A CN105531110 A CN 105531110A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
layer
heat shield
high temperature
knitting
protection
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
CN201480049662.6A
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English (en)
Other versions
CN105531110B (zh
Inventor
张忠怀
高天琪
L·卢迪
D·罗可斯凯
何伟杰
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Federal Mogul Powertrain LLC
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Federal Mogul Powertrain LLC
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Publication of CN105531110A publication Critical patent/CN105531110A/zh
Application granted granted Critical
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Classifications

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    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/14—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having thermal insulation
    • F01N13/148—Multiple layers of insulating material
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    • B32B15/017—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic one layer being formed of aluminium or an aluminium alloy, another layer being formed of an alloy based on a non ferrous metal other than aluminium
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Abstract

提供有一种柔性的、可缠绕的多层隔热罩。所述隔热罩包括反射金属最外层、高温纱线最内层以及无纺材料中间层，所述高温纱线最内层能够承受连续处于高达约650℃以及间歇处于约750℃的温度下，无纺材料中间层夹在最外层和最内层之间，能够承受连续处于高达约550℃的温度下。

Description

可缠绕的多层隔热罩
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求提交于2013年8月26日的美国临时申请序列No.61/869,859以及提交于2014年8月26日的美国实用申请序列No.14/468,858的优先权，其通过全文引用并入本文。
背景技术
1.技术领域
本发明通常涉及隔热罩，且更特别地涉及可缠绕的多层隔热罩。
2.相关技术
在减少氮氧化物和一氧化碳排放方面，车辆排放标准正变得越来越严格。为了促进减少这些气体的排放，许多汽车应用包括例如选择性催化还原(SCR)应用。SCR应用通常包含用于将氨或尿素溶液注射至催化转化器上游的排气管中的导管。所注射的溶液挥发并与排放气体混合发生化学反应，这将减少氮氧化物和一氧化碳排放，产生氮气和水。但是，为了使SCR应用高效运行，有必要使与所注射的溶液混合的排放气体保持在最高温度下；否则，预期的氮氧化物和一氧化碳气体的化学转化会受到不利影响，效率低下，从而导致有害气体排放。因此，需要保持排放气体沿排气系统向上游并在SCR系统内处于最高温度，这很重要。
发明内容
根据本发明的一个方面，提供有一种柔性的、可缠绕的多层隔热罩。所述隔热罩包括反射最外层、高温纱线(yarn)最内层以及夹在最外层和最内层之间的无纺材料中间层。因此，所述隔热罩包括至少三个不同的层，各层之间相互保护，又能够分别实现各自的功能，正如预期那样，且进一步能够一起起作用，提供协同作用的结果，实现隔热罩作为一个整体如预期那样起作用。
所述隔热罩作为排气系统隔热罩尤其有用，通过使在排气系统内流动的高温排放气体的热损失达到最小促进排气系统内的选择性催化还原系统(SCR)的最佳性能。因此，通过所述隔热罩，流动通过排气系统的SCR系统的排放气体在SCR系统内保持在最高温度，排放气体从第一次从发动机中排出后的温降最小。因此，排放气体内的氮氧化物和一氧化碳变成氮气和水的最佳化学转化是通过SCR系统实现的。
隔热罩的最内层、最外层和中间层可利用各种方法相互固定，包括高温胶粘剂、缝合以及机械紧固件，仅为示例而不具有限制作用。
所述隔热罩，考虑到其通常形成为扁平的层状，其尺寸和形状可根据需要设计为用于后续的缠绕，例如通过模切。
附图说明
当结合以下优选实施例及最佳方式、所附权利要求和附图的具体说明考虑时，本发明的这些和其它方面、特征以及优势将变得更容易理解，其中：
图1为根据本发明的一个方面构造的一种具有多层排气系统隔热罩的排气系统的部分透视视图；
图2为图1中的多层排气系统隔热罩的部分侧视图。
具体实施方式
更具体地参照附图，图1所示为一种可缠绕的、柔性的多层隔热罩，以下称为隔热罩10，其根据本发明的一个方面构造，对热量和其它环境影响提供所需的隔绝，例如对排气系统的覆盖部分，通常用12表示，其为实例而不具有限制作用。隔热罩10提供多个隔绝好处，包括但不限于，防止排气系统12内的高温排放气体辐射至外界大气环境E，从而防止高温排放气体的热损失；防止外界大气环境E中的热效应降低排气系统内的高温排放气体的温度，包括排气系统上的外部对流，且进一步，防止外界环境因素(例如流体)影响或以其它方式进入排气系统12的覆盖部分内的排放气体和降低其温度。因此，通过对来自排气系统12的热损失提供所需的隔绝，排气系统12内一选择性催化还原系统能够高效转化高温排放气体，例如氮氧化物和一氧化碳变成氮气和水，正如预期那样，以防止氮氧化物和一氧化碳进入环境中。所述隔热罩10具有一可缠绕的壁13，其包括最外层14、最内层16以及直接夹在最外层14和最内层16之间并相接触的中间层18。因此，最外层14直接暴露于外界环境E；最内层16直接暴露于排气系统12，中间层18夹在最外层14和最内层16之间，且因此，其不直接接触环境E或排气系统12。
最外层14设置为实体的、不渗透的反射层，且因此，其作用是从最外层14径向向内反射排放气体的辐射热，从而防止排气系统12内产生的热量逃逸，以及进一步，防止外部环境影响(例如外部对流)降低排放气体的热梯度。进一步，由于最外层14是不渗透的，最外层14防止外界环境E中的流体渗透隔热罩10，从而防止流体进入排气系统12和降低排放气体的温度。举例说明而不具有限制作用，最外层14可设置为一片反射箔，例如铝箔或任何其它合适的可缠绕的金属片。
最内层16设置为交织形成的纺织布料、高温纱线，例如通过针织(knitting)、机织(weaving)、编织(braiding)，或者设置为具有缠绕的高温纤维的无纺材料，例如，玄武岩、二氧化硅或其它高温纤维，且因此，能够承受极高温，例如连续处于650摄氏度(℃)以及间歇处于约750℃。举例说明而不具有限制作用，内层16可构造为具有三个整体针织层，也称为三层织物，包括针织外层20、针织内层22和针织中间层24。中间层24邻接夹在外层20和内层22之间。三个层20、22、24在一个针织操作中同时构造，从而提供经济利益，包括例如最小化操作数、时间、针织机器和占地空间。外层20具有通过相互打环扣住的下针(knitstitches)相互针织的纱线，以提供自保持针织层，这样，即使只剩下外层20其也不会散开，内层22具有通过相互打环扣住的下针相互针织的纱线，以提供自保持针织层，这样，即使只剩下内层22其也不会散开，中间层24具有通过关于至少外层20的一些纱线和关于至少内层22的一些纱线打环的下针针织的纱线，但是，中间层24不具有在其本身中打环的下针。因此，内层16提供整体针织结构，其具有通过下针在其整个区域基本均匀地针织在一起的三个层20、22、24，这样，内层16的三个层20、22、24就以不可分割的方式相互固定。因此，针织内层16除了提供极好的保护和热隔绝之外，还对处于张力和剪切力下的层20、22、24相互之间的分离和移动具有极好的抗性。
在制造中，如果采用针织，最内层16的层20、22、24采用任何合适尺寸和类型的多纤维丝高温纱线和/或单纤维丝高温纱线进行针织，包括旦尼尔(denier)和直径。另外，任何合适类型的下针和线步密度都可用于构造层20、22、24。因此，取决于所需的功能特性，相同或不同类型的纱线(例如，单纤维丝、多纤维丝、旦尼尔、直径、颜色、质地、热特性、耐磨性、物理性质)可用于构造每个层20、22、24，且相同或不同类型的下针和线步密度可根据需要用于构造外层20和内层22。因此，取决于预期用途，可对最内层16进行定制以最佳满足所需的热特性。
如果采用针织，最内层16优选地利用双平床针织机(doubleflatbedknittingmachine)(未示出)进行针织，如美国专利No.8,434,333(称之为‘333专利)中所述，该专利转让给本申请的共同受让人，‘333专利全文通过引用并入本文。当在双平床针织机上进行针织时，外层20在机器的一个床上针织，内层22在机器的相对的床上针织，其中所述床朝向彼此靠近。同时，中间层24通过机器的两个床与外层20和内层22同时针织。外层20采用一纱线针织为具有一个选定的下针样式，而内层22利用另一纱线针织为具有另一个下针样式，其中，各个下针样式和用于构造外层20和内层22的纱线的类型可以相同或者不同，取决于预期应用所需要的特性。因此，举例说明而不具有限制作用，外层20和内层22采用具有高温耐热性的纱线构造，例如采用玄武岩、二氧化硅、陶瓷、不锈钢和双组分纱线等的多纤维丝，其中，双组分纱线的两组分都为例如耐高温材料。
不同于外层20和内层22，最内层16的中间层24不是构造为自保持层。因此，如果想要将外层20和内层22从中间层24分离，中间层24将不维持自保持针织结构，因此，其将会易于散开。这是因为中间层24的纱线是利用集圈组织(tuckstitch)关于外层20和内层22的选择的纱线打环的，且因此，没有了外层20和内层22的纱线，中间层24就会散开。由于具有外层20和内层22，用于形成中间层24的纱线可从所需的任意类型(单纤维丝/多纤维丝)、尺寸(旦尼尔/直径)和高温材料等的纱线中选择，取决于排气应用的需求。因此，举例说明而不具有限制作用，中间层24可采用玄武岩、二氧化硅、陶瓷、不锈钢和双组分纱线等的多纤维丝形成，其中，双组分纱线的两组分都为耐高温材料。通常，除了将外层20和内层22连接在一起以外，中间层24还通过在外层20和内层22之间形成中间气穴用作额外的隔热层，从而对传导、对流和辐射提供改进的、有效的隔绝。
中间层18设置为高温无纺材料，例如采用具有粘结或锁结在一起的玻璃纤维的玻璃纤维毡材料层，例如通过用针缝，举例说明而不具有限制作用，其能够承受连续处于约550℃的高温下。能够预想到，其它类型的高温纤维，包括玄武岩、二氧化硅、陶瓷、金属等也都能够用于构造无纺中间层18。最内层16能够承受甚至更高的温度，例如连续处于高达650℃和间歇处于750℃，如上所示，中间层18由最内层16覆盖而不直接暴露于排气系统，在上述情况下，中间层18能够采用相对于最内层16具有稍微低的温度等级和减小的热容的材料形成。也就是说，在中间层18为无纺材料、由缠绕的纤维形成的情况下，其中形成有很多微孔，用于捕获空气，且因此提供了极好的隔绝源防止热量逃逸。中间层18的厚度根据需要可调，以达到预期应用所需的隔绝“R”值。
因此，隔热罩10包括至少三个不同的分开的层14、16、18，当其相互之间固定在一起时，具有协同效应，使隔热罩10能够按照预期实现功能。最外层14、最内层16和中间层18的每一个都相互保护，使每层都能够按照预期实现功能，如本文所述。隔热罩10的分开的层14、16、18可利用各种方法相互固定，包括高温胶粘剂、缝合以及机械紧固件，仅为示例而不具有限制作用。进一步，隔热罩10的尺寸和形状可根据需要设计，例如通过模切。应当认识到，由于壁13是可缠绕的，壁13具有通常与纵轴23平行延伸的相对的边缘19、21，这样，相对的边缘就关于轴13缠绕，其中任一个与另一个邻接，或者相互层叠，其中，任意合适的紧固件25，例如金属软管夹等，仅为示例而不具有限制作用，可用于关于排气系统12在其周向缠绕的配置下固定隔热罩10的壁13。
本发明的许多修改或变型根据以上教导都是有可能的。因此，需要理解，除了以上所述，本发明也可以其它方式实施，本发明的范围由最终许可的权利要求书限定。

Claims (15)

1.一种保护隔热罩，具有多层可缠绕的壁，其包括：
一反射最外层；
一交织的高温纱线形成的最内层；以及
一夹在所述最外层和最内层之间的无纺材料中间层。
2.根据权利要求1所述的保护隔热罩，其中所述最外层为不渗透的。
3.根据权利要求2所述的保护隔热罩，其中所述最外层为金属。
4.根据权利要求3所述的保护隔热罩，其中所述最外层为铝箔。
5.根据权利要求1所述的保护隔热罩，其中所述最内层为机织的。
6.根据权利要求1所述的保护隔热罩，其中所述最内层为编织的。
7.根据权利要求1所述的保护隔热罩，其中所述最内层为针织的。
8.根据权利要求7所述的保护隔热罩，其中所述针织最内层具有一针织内层和一针织外层，所述针织内层和针织外层通过一针织中间层相互之间针织固定。
9.根据权利要求1所述的保护隔热罩，其中所述交织的高温纱线从玄武岩、二氧化硅、陶瓷和不锈钢组成的组中选择。
10.根据权利要求1所述的保护隔热罩，其中所述中间层采用高温纤维形成。
11.根据权利要求10所述的保护隔热罩，其中所述高温纤维为玻璃纤维。
12.一种保护排气系统隔热罩，具有多层可缠绕的壁，其包括：
一不渗透金属箔形成的反射最外层；
一交织的高温纱线形成的最内层，所述高温纱线从玄武岩、二氧化硅、陶瓷和不锈钢组成的组中选择；以及
一夹在所述最外层和最内层之间的高温无纺材料的中间层。
13.根据权利要求12所述的保护排气系统隔热罩，其中所述高温无纺材料为玻璃纤维。
14.根据权利要求12所述的保护排气系统隔热罩，其中所述最内层的所述交织的高温纱线为针织的。
15.根据权利要求14所述的保护排气系统隔热罩，其中所述最内层包括覆盖在内针织层上的外针织层。
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