CN105523768A - 一种掺杂改性的陶瓷纤维的隔热材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种掺杂改性的陶瓷纤维的隔热材料及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN105523768A
CN105523768A CN201510998084.7A CN201510998084A CN105523768A CN 105523768 A CN105523768 A CN 105523768A CN 201510998084 A CN201510998084 A CN 201510998084A CN 105523768 A CN105523768 A CN 105523768A
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王树明
徐士亮
王研鑫
叶青
葛昌纯
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种掺杂改性的陶瓷纤维隔热材料及其制备方法，该隔热材料由粘合剂和纤维材料烧结得到，所述纤维材料是以Al2O3纤维为基体材料，掺杂ZrO2纤维和六钛酸钾晶须而成，所述隔热材料的抗压强度为9.58MPa，室温热导率为0.135w/mk，且具有负的温度系数。本发明的高性能块体隔热材料具备较低的高温热导率及高的抗压强度，而且具有良好的应用前景和经济价值。

Description

一种掺杂改性的陶瓷纤维的隔热材料及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及无机非金属材料领域，特别涉及一种掺杂改性的陶瓷纤维隔热材料及其制备方法。
背景技术
随着我国航空、航天、核能等高科技领域的不断发展，以及民用工业领域节能环保理念的不断深入，对高性能隔热保温材料的需求越来越为迫切。Al2O3纤维是一种主要成分为Al2O3的多晶质无机纤维，导热率、加热收缩率和热容都较低，而且制造成本低，长期使用温度为1300～1400℃。Al2O3纤维同时具有较好的化学稳定性，可在酸性环境、氧化气氛、还原气氛和真空条件下使用，对碱性环境也有一定耐蚀性。Al2O3纤维主要用做钢铁工业各种热处理炉、陶瓷烧成窑、石油化工中的裂解炉、燃烧炉等的隔热炉衬，节能效果显著，另外也用于核反应堆及航天飞机的隔热材料，轻合金的增强材料等。
Al2O3纤维的性能特点使其适合制作高孔隙率的隔热耐火材料。但较高的孔隙率和正的温度系数使Al2O3纤维隔热材料的强度和高温热导率难以满足一些苛刻条件下的使用要求。
ZrO2纤维是一种多晶质耐火纤维材料。由于ZrO2物质本身的高熔点、不氧化和其他高温优良特性，使得ZrO2纤维具有比Al2O3纤维、莫来石纤维、硅酸铝纤维等其他耐火纤维品种更高的使用温度。ZrO2纤维在1500℃以上超高温氧化气氛下长期使用，最高使用温度高达2200℃，甚至到2500℃仍可保持完整的纤维形状，并且高温化学性质稳定、耐腐蚀、抗氧化、抗热震、不挥发、无污染，导热系数低，727℃导热系数为0.19W/(mk)，是一种高性能的隔热和耐腐蚀材料。
六钛酸钾晶须属于单斜晶系，具有优良的力学和物理性能，其高强度、高硬度的性质可使其作为增强体材料。而且，六钛酸钾晶须还具有密度低、化学性质稳定、耐热隔热性能好的特点，以及很高的红外反射性能，并且能耐1200℃的高温。六钛酸钾晶须最突出的特点是具有负的温度系数，即随着温度的升高，热导率呈降低的趋势。例如，六钛酸钾晶须在常温下的热导率为0.089w/(mk)，530℃时为0.038w/(mk)，800℃时仅为0.017w/(mk)。
如果能够设计和制备一种兼具Al2O3、ZrO2纤维及六钛酸钾晶须的优异绝热性能同时具备较好的强度等力学性能，并且制备工艺简单、成本较低的改性陶瓷纤维隔热材料，无论是国防还是民用等领域将得到广泛应用，并具有良好的经济价值及社会价值。
正是基于以上背景，申请人提出了此高性能掺杂改性陶瓷纤维隔热材料的申请。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种具备较低的高温热导率及高的抗压强度，且低成本的陶瓷纤维隔热材料及其制备方法。
本发明是通过以下的技术方案实现的：
提供一种掺杂改性的陶瓷纤维隔热材料，其由粘合剂和纤维材料烧结得到，所述纤维材料是以Al2O3纤维为基体材料，掺杂ZrO2纤维和六钛酸钾晶须而成，所述隔热材料的抗压强度为9.58MPa，室温热导率为0.135w/mk，且具有负的温度系数。
优选地，所述ZrO2纤维质量百分比为20.0％，所述六钛酸钾晶须质量百分比为15.0％，所述粘合剂质量百分比为10％。
优选地，所述粘合剂包括聚丙烯酰胺、可溶性淀粉、硅溶胶和B2C。所述聚丙烯酰胺质量百分比为2.0％，所述可溶性淀粉质量百分比为1.0％，所述硅溶胶质量百分比为4.0％，所述B2C质量百分比为3.0％。
本发明还提供一种掺杂改性的陶瓷纤维隔热材料的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
将粘合剂、纤维材料和蒸馏水混合，放在电动搅拌器上匀速搅拌1小时；
将搅拌完的料浆用真空泵抽去部分水分后，快速注入模具中；
将注入了浆料的模具放在70℃恒温干燥箱中干燥，24小时后脱模，再干燥48小时；以及
成型后的隔热材料放入炉中烧结。
优选地，所述烧结包括以下步骤：
以5℃/min的速率升到500℃；
保温2小时；
以4℃/min的速率升到1150℃；
保温2小时；以及
打开炉门，随炉冷却至室温。
本发明的陶瓷纤维隔热材料具备较低的高温热导率及高的抗压强度，而且成本较低。
根据下面参考附图对示例性实施例进行详细说明，本发明的其它特征及方面将变得清楚。
附图说明
图1示出了隔热材料样品的制备流程图；
图2(a)示出了本发明的陶瓷纤维隔热材料的微观结构图；
图2(b)示出了现有技术中未掺杂的Al2O3陶瓷纤维隔热材料的微观结构图。
具体实施方式
以下将参考附图详细说明本发明的各种示例性实施例、特征和方面。在这里专用的词“示例性”意为“用作例子、实施例或说明性”。这里作为“示例性”所说明的任何实施例不必解释为优于或好于其它实施例。
另外，为了更好的说明本发明，在下文的具体实施方式中给出了众多的具体细节。本领域技术人员应当理解，没有某些具体细节，本发明同样可以实施。在一些实例中，对于本领域技术人员熟知的方法、手段未作详细描述，以便于凸显本发明的主旨。
参照图1来说明本发明隔热材料的制备流程图。
步骤1：配料。
ZrO2的质量百分比为20.0％，六钛酸钾(K2O·6TiO2)晶须的质量百分比为15.0％，聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)的质量百分比为2.0％，可溶性淀粉的质量百分比为1.0％，硅溶胶的质量百分比为4.0％，B2C的质量百分比为3.0％，余量为Al2O3纤维。
步骤2：混料。
将聚丙烯酰胺、可溶性淀粉、硅溶胶混合，加入少量蒸馏水，放在磁力搅拌器上搅拌均匀。依次加入Al2O3纤维，ZrO2纤维，六钛酸钾晶须，以及B2C细粉。加入1.5倍质量的蒸馏水，放在电动搅拌器上匀速搅拌1小时。
步骤3：成型。
搅拌完的料浆用真空泵抽去部分水分，抽滤后快速注入模具中，放在70℃恒温干燥箱中干燥，24小时后脱模，再干燥48小时。
步骤4：烧结。
成型后的隔热材料放入箱式炉中烧结。烧结的具体步骤为：先以5℃/min的速率升到500℃，保温2小时，再以4℃/min的速率升到1150℃，保温2小时后，打开炉门随炉冷却至室温，由此得到本发明的陶瓷纤维隔热材料。
图2(a)示出本发明的陶瓷纤维隔热材料的微观组织，图2(b)示出现有技术中未掺杂的Al2O3陶瓷纤维隔热材料的微观组织，从图中可以看出两者对比明显。本发明的陶瓷纤维隔热材料由于生成了部分硼硅酸盐玻璃相而得到致密化，玻璃相起到桥联作用，并综合了Al2O3、ZrO2及六钛酸钾的性能优势，因此相比于未掺杂的Al2O3陶瓷纤维隔热材料，本发明的陶瓷纤维隔热材料的强度有明显提高，而热导未见明显降低，综合性能明显改善。
采用本发明的方法制备的陶瓷纤维隔热材料综合性能如表1所示：
表1改性的陶瓷纤维隔热材料的综合性能
表1可见，本发明的陶瓷纤维隔热材料的抗压强度可达9.58MPa，室温热导率为0.135w/mk，而高温热导率较低，例如500℃时为0.115w/mk，性能优越。
以上所述，仅为本发明的具体实施方式，但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内，可轻易想到变化或替换，都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。因此，本发明的保护范围应以所述权利要求的保护范围为准。

Claims (10)

1.一种掺杂改性的陶瓷纤维隔热材料，其特征在于，由粘合剂和纤维材料烧结得到；所述纤维材料是以Al2O3纤维为基体材料，其中掺杂ZrO2纤维和六钛酸钾晶须；所述隔热材料的抗压强度为9.58MPa，室温热导率为0.135w/mk，所述隔热材料具有负的温度系数。
2.根据权利要求1所述的陶瓷纤维隔热材料，其特征在于，所述ZrO2纤维的质量百分比为20.0%，所述六钛酸钾晶须的质量百分比为15.0%。
3.根据权利要求1所述的陶瓷纤维隔热材料，其特征在于，所述粘合剂的质量百分比为10%。
4.根据权利要求1所述的陶瓷纤维隔热材料，其特征在于，所述粘合剂包括聚丙烯酰胺、可溶性淀粉、硅溶胶和B2C。
5.根据权利要求4所述的陶瓷纤维隔热材料，其特征在于，所述聚丙烯酰胺的质量百分比为2.0%。
6.根据权利要求4所述的陶瓷纤维隔热材料，其特征在于，所述可溶性淀粉的质量百分比为1.0%。
7.根据权利要求4所述的陶瓷纤维隔热材料，其特征在于，所述硅溶胶的质量百分比为4.0%。
8.根据权利要求4所述的陶瓷纤维隔热材料，其特征在于，所述B2C的质量百分比为3.0%。
9.一种根据权利要求1所述的陶瓷纤维隔热材料的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
将粘合剂、纤维材料和蒸馏水混合，放在搅拌器上匀速搅拌1小时；
将搅拌完的料浆用真空泵抽去部分水分后，快速注入模具中；
将注入了浆料的模具放在70℃恒温干燥箱中干燥，24小时后脱模，再干燥48小时；以及
成型后的隔热材料放入炉中烧结。
10.根据权利要求9所述的陶瓷纤维隔热材料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述烧结包括以下步骤：
以5℃/min的速率升到500℃；
保温2小时；
以4℃/min的速率升到1150℃；
保温2小时；以及
打开炉门，随炉冷却至室温。
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