CN105514998A - Black start method considering substation unmanned watching and line remote control - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a black start method considering substation unmanned watching and line remote control. The black start method comprises the following steps of according to the current conditions of substation unmanned watching and line remote control, considering the line remote control and the commissioning success probability, establishing a line commissioning time limit model, solving the time expectation of the line commissioning as a line weight, calculating a shortest path by a Marc Delcroix algorithm according to the limitation factors of unit start time limit, force output characteristics, leading-phase running capacity and the like, and defining comprehensive priority indexes of unit start. The black start method has the characteristics that the practicality is realized, the online decision can be instructed, and the black start method can be applied to the formulation and real-time adjusting of a black start plan.

Description

A kind of black-start method considering transformer station's unattended operation and circuit straighforward operation

Technical field

The invention belongs to field of power, be specifically related to a kind of black-start method considering transformer station's unattended operation and circuit straighforward operation.

Background technology

Along with the frequent generation of large-scale blackout, after grid power blackout accident, how safety, fast quick-recovery operation of power networks, reducing economic loss has become people gradually and has paid close attention to and the problem of research.Generally black starting-up process is divided into the three phases connecting each other and be connected: black starting-up, network reconfiguration and load restoration.

The improvement gradually of the development of electrical network and operational mode, China has achieved 500kV and following transformer station unattended operation pattern gradually.The fusion of regulation and control one makes remote operation technology constantly be applied to actual production, and tentative circuit breaker and isolating switch remote operation are promoted successively in the provinces such as current China Jiangsu, Hebei, and the manipulation of transformer station enters new development situation.The realization of remote control technology makes electric network emergency disposal ability realize rising to, but because unattended operation system and remote control produce simultaneously, when there is black starting-up accident, according to regulations such as " electric power safety working regulations ", some recovery operations need to carry out in recovery Attended mode situation, and the operation maintenance personnel of garrisoning in " central station " needs to rush for " regulated station ", as shown in Figure 1.More than 0.5-3 hour may be needed because the reason such as traffic, weather arrives " regulated station " according to statistics (Hebei province), wait can affect greatly the process of black starting-up so for a long time, therefore to the research and analysis in addition of this problem, more rational scheme need be formulated.Under the condition considering transformer station's remote operation time limit and the line start probability of success, when research electrical network is had a power failure on a large scale, the reconstruction of generating set boot sequence and skeleton, proposes the method for commissioning of practical in production more, all has reference value to black-start scheme formulation and on-line decision.

Summary of the invention

Technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide a kind ofly to be considered transformer station's unattended operation and generally implements the black starting-up modeling and analysis methods more pressing close to electrical network actual conditions under remote control condition, have practical value.

For solving the problem, the technical solution used in the present invention is:

A kind of black-start method considering transformer station's unattended operation and circuit straighforward operation, its key technology is: by carrying out modeling for the remote control of transformer station under unattended operation pattern, obtain the time expected cost of line start, consider other limiting factor of black starting-up, make System recover scheme.

Specifically comprise the steps:

Step one, every bar circuit j defined to its line loop operation time limit, straighforward operation coverage coefficient and circuit and recover probability, wherein, j represents the numbering of circuit, j=1,2,3

The described line loop operation time limit comprises the time t needed for remote operation circuit j _1j, time t needed for execute-in-place circuit j _2j, on circuit j as the unsuccessful time t to equipment inspection process of operation _3j, send someone to rush for the time t needed for the transformer station of circuit j both sides from central station _{node j}, circuit j both sides transformer station recovers the time t that has people still to need _4jcan the time t that still needs of execute-in-place with circuit j _5j; Wherein t _1j, t _2j, t _3j, t _{node j}obtain by every bar circuit j service data statistics, t _4jdefinition (1) as follows:

In above formula (1), t _0jrepresent from having a power failure on a large scale to the time of the j circuit both sides transformer station that sends someone;

T represents the time variable of timing from having a power failure on a large scale;

Circuit can still to take time t by execute-in-place _5jdepend on that two ends substation takes time, t _5jdefinition (2) as follows:

t _5j＝max(t _4j,a,t _4j,b)(2)

In above formula (2), a, b represent the numbering of circuit j two ends transformer station respectively;

T _{4j, a}represent that the transformer station a of circuit j both sides recovers the time having people still to need;

T _{4j, b}represent that the transformer station b of circuit j both sides recovers the time having people still to need;

Under remote-controlled operation transformer station does not reach 100% situation, or when indivedual transformer substation remote-control operating system is unavailable, the mode of operation of transformer station should be distinguished according to actual conditions, therefore defines described straighforward operation coverage coefficient and be expressed as λ for circuit j _j, its formula (3) is as follows:

In above formula (3), when described circuit j two ends transformer station all can realize straighforward operation, the remote-controlled operation of described circuit j drops into, the straighforward operation coverage coefficient λ of described circuit j _jdetermined by the instant running status of electrical network;

Described circuit recovers probability and comprises straighforward operation input circuit probability of success P ' for circuit j _jprobability of success P is dropped into " with substation field mode of operation circuit _j;

Conducting transmission line drops in recovery process, and the input of circuit j exists certain recovery probability of failure, and drops into circuit probability of success P ' by remote control operation _jbe less than substation field mode of operation circuit and drop into probability of success P " _j, i.e. P " _j>P ' _j.This is call operating mechanism in station by communication system to realize because remote control operates, therefore reliability will be subject to communication system restriction.P ' _jobtain by long-term straighforward operation statistics, P " _jmainly be limited to switching overvoltage, operating system reliability etc.

Step 2, the start-up time of recovering probability calculation every bar circuit j according to definition wires dataway operation time limit in step one, straighforward operation coverage coefficient and circuit are expected:

Consider electrical network actual conditions, setting service conditions is as follows: think that the circuit j that can carry out straighforward operation, first-selected straighforward operation pattern carry out circuit and drop into operation; The circuit j that can not carry out remote operation sends someone to rush for the transformer station of line related both sides after a failure at once; Think t _0jin the unsuccessful situation of moment remote operation, then the Starting mode of circuit j is converted into execute-in-place, at once sends someone to go to both sides transformer station; Think that in the unsuccessful or unsuccessful situation of execute-in-place of circuit j remote operation, t consuming time is carried out once at scene _3jcheck processing after can next time on-the-spot start time 100% success; Think that the recovery of central station has the time t of people _4j=0;

In the above black starting-up process of consideration, the line start time limit is with under startup probability scenarios, sets up start-up time expect for every bar circuit.

Described start-up time expects the expectation function T for initiating switchup required time _j(t) or again start the expectation function T ' of required time _j(t), T _jt the computing formula (4) of () is as follows:

T _j(t)＝λ _j[[t _1jP′ _j+(1-P′ _j)(t _1j+t _2j+t _3j+t _5j)]]+λ _j-1[[(t _2j+t _5j)P″ _j+(1-P″ _j)(2t _2j+t _3j+t _5j)]](4)

When initiating switchup success, the expectation function T ' start-up time again of circuit _jt () is defined as a minimum constant; When initiating switchup failure, then make P ' _j, P " _jbe zero, calculate the expectation function T ' that it starts required time again _j(t), its computing formula (5) is as follows:

Step 3, with the expectation function T of the initiating switchup required time of t every bar circuit j _j(t) or again start the expectation function T ' of required time _jt electrical network to be launched, as weights, is regarded as a non-directed graph by (), call enlightening Peter Krass algorithm and calculate every platform generating set i to the shortest startup path starting power supply point; I represents the numbering of generating set, i=1,2,3

Described enlightening Peter Krass algorithm (dijkstra's algorithm) is the method construct path tree increased with pointwise, thus the shortest path obtained from the root node of this tree to other all node, when this algorithm is applicable to the weights on known electrical network center line road, the asking for of minimum weights path between any two economize on electricitys, the present invention utilizes this algorithm to calculate the shortest startup path of unit.

Step 4, for the shortest startup path of generating set i of trying to achieve t in step 3, calculate the comprehensive priority index η of generating set i _i, its computing formula (6) is as follows:

${\mathrm{\η}}_i=\frac{{\mathrm{\ϵ}}_i{P}_{GMi}}{\underset{j=1}{\overset{l}{\Σ}}{T}_j\left(t\right)}---\left(6\right)$

In above formula (6), ε _irepresent the correction factor of generating set i; When generating set i is fired power generating unit, then ε=1, when generating set i is Hydropower Unit, then ε is greater than 1; Owing to exerting oneself rapidly after Hydropower Unit startup, regulating power is strong, definition generating set correction factor ε _i, strengthen Hydropower Unit priority.

P _gMirepresent the specified active power of generating set i;

L represents the number of, lines that current power transmission path comprises;

T _jt () represents circuit j initiating switchup or again starts the expectation function of required time;

represent the T of all circuit j in the shortest startup path _jthe summation of (t);

Step 5, calculate the comprehensive priority index η of each generating set of t for step 4 _i, choose comprehensive priority index η in each generating set _imaximum generating set carries out startup verification, starts restriction and will meet generating set startup limiting factor and start-up course limiting factor in startup verification; When by starting verification, then start comprehensive priority index η _imaximum generating set; When not by starting verification, then choose comprehensive priority index η _ithe generating set of suboptimum verifies, until obtain the generating set by starting verification; When in described step 5 by the operation that conventional voltage adjusts, when start-up course voltage can be made not out-of-limit, then meet restriction requirement, namely by start verification.

Wherein, meet described generating set and start the maximum active-power P that generating set that limiting factor and separate unit obtained station service can send _it (), as shown in Figure 2, meets described P _it the computing formula (7) of () is as follows:

$P_i\left(t\right)=\left\{\begin{array}{cc}0& 0\&le;T_{si}+T_{1i}\\ K_i(t-T_{si}-T_{1i})& T_{si}+T_{1i}<t\&le;T_{si}+T_{1i}+T_{2i}\\ P_{Mi}& T_{si}+T_{1i}+T_{2i}<t\end{array}\right.---\left(7\right)$

In above formula (7), T _sirepresent that generating set i obtains and start the power supply moment;

T _1irepresent that generating set i exerts oneself required time;

T _2irepresent the climbing time of generating set i;

P _mirepresent the maximum active power of generating set i;

K _irepresent the creep speed of generating set i.

Wherein, described start-up course limiting factor comprises following factor:

1) starting power limiting factor:

In system recovery procedure, the active power of the equal demand fulfillment of equipment all starter-generators group that each step verification input is new need be greater than the station service of the unit that generated electricity by way of merging two or more grid systems and drop into load sum, and expression formula (8) is as follows:

$\underset{i=1}{\overset{n}{\&Sigma;}}{P}_{Gi}\left(t\right)\&GreaterEqual;\underset{i=1}{\overset{n}{\&Sigma;}}{P}_{Di}\left(t\right)+\underset{k=1}{\overset{m}{\&Sigma;}}{P}_k\left(t\right)---\left(8\right)$

In above formula (8), P _girepresent the active power of generating set i;

P _direpresent the station service size of generating set i;

P _krepresent that node k drops into payload;

N represents grid-connected unit quantity;

M represents and drops into load bus quantity;

2) time limit limiting factor is started:

For warm start fired power generating unit i, there is maximum critical constraint start-up time, i.e. 0 < T _si≤ T _{cH, i}, wherein T _{cH, i}represent warm start fired power generating unit i maximum critical heat start-up time, T _sirepresent that warm start fired power generating unit i obtains and start the power supply moment;

For cold start-up fired power generating unit i, there is minimum critical constraint start-up time, i.e. T _si>=T _{cC, i}, wherein T _{cC, i}represent the minimum critical start-up time of cold start-up unit i, T _sirepresent that cold start-up fired power generating unit i obtains and start the power supply moment;

3) voltage and trend limiting factor:

In each moment in power system restoration process, reactive power meritorious at grid-connected unit is exerted oneself in scope, meets all node k voltage not out-of-limit, all circuit j nonoverloads, namely meets as lower inequality group (9):

$\left\{\begin{array}{c}{P}_{Gi}^{\min }\&le;P_{Gi}\&le;P_{Gi}^{\max }\\ Q_{Gi}^{\min }\&le;Q_{Gi}\&le;Q_{Gi}^{\max }\\ P_j\&le;P_{jmax}\\ U_k^{\min }\&le;U_k\&le;U_k^{\max }\end{array}\right.---\left(9\right)$

In above formula (9), P _gi, Q _girepresent the active power and reactive power that have dropped into generating set i respectively;

P _jrepresent the conveying active power size having dropped into circuit j;

U _krepresent the voltage swing having dropped into node k.

represent active power lower limit and the upper limit of generating set i respectively;

represent active power lower limit and the upper limit of generating set i respectively;

P _jmaxrepresent the rated power of circuit j;

minimum, the ceiling voltage of the node k respectively presentation technology allowed.

Step 6, start-up operation is carried out by the generating set starting verification for what obtain in step 5, the shortest startup path of this generating set that start-up operation is tried to achieve from power supply point to generating set to be launched along step 3 is carried out, choose wherein first bar circuit and carry out line loop operation, when completing the start-up operation of first bar circuit i, upgrade and allly in this moment whole network do not carry out the initiating switchup required time expectation function of the circuit operated and carried out the expectation function of restarting required time of circuit of startup, upgrade rear data and substitute into execution step 3 as circuit weights and order execution,

Above-mentioned cycle calculations is until stop when all generating sets have started or described time variable t exceedes setting limit value, and described setting limit value is generally transformer station UPS power-on time.

No matter start success or not, have the expectation function of carrying out all circuits to upgrade, each circuit only have simultaneously an initiating switchup function of time or one again start-up time function as weights, if carry out the successful right value update of once-through operation.

Further, after described step 6, if without any generating set by starting verification, then comprehensive priority index is adjusted to the startup time limit minimum to ensure to start more multi-line in unit climbing process.

The thought of whole algorithm is revert to target rapidly with unit, adopts greedy thought, the moment choose comprehensive priority the highest and by start verification unit start.The circuit composition connecting unit to be launched starts path, consider in real time the input of circuit whether, drop into whether successfully on follow-up decision impact, if there is the unit being better than existing startup target, then revise and start path.

The implementation of whole algorithm is:

1, the comprehensive priority index as different unit is identical, then path selection circuit number few, over the ground the little conduct of admittance to arbitrate further index.

2, in system recovery procedure, due to long transmission line, admittance is excessive over the ground, usually there is overtension problem, consider that actual mesohigh reactor is usually thrown together with circuit to move back, when there is overvoltage, take to drop into low tension reactor, load method alleviates overvoltage problem, load drops into some prioritizing selection voltage nodes higher.

If 3 initial start stage active power are not enough, or limit by the unit minimum startup time limit, when cannot start unit, comprehensive priority index is adjusted to the startup time limit minimum to ensure to start more multi-line in unit climbing process, puts into operation as early as possible with unit after active power abundance.

4, algorithm considers that before event occurs decision-making is carried out in the expectation of start-up cost, after an event occurs, event is put in the application of decision-making next time as Given information immediately.Namely during line start success, upgrade its start-up cost in calculating is minimum next time, during line start failure, need calculate start-up cost again.

5, each power plant only starts a generator, when namely power plant contains multiple stage generator, only considers to start priority the highest one.

The beneficial effect adopting technique scheme to produce is:

A kind of black starting-up modeling and analysis methods considering transformer station's unattended operation and circuit straighforward operation provided by the invention, the method is based on the Long-distance Control modeling analysis to unattended operation transformer station, by considering limiting factor, the startup probability of success and other limiting factor in line start process, utilize enlightening Peter Krass algorithmization black-start scheme; The method considers actual conditions and the scheduling actual state of line start, develop programs more press close to circuit run actual, practicality is stronger; The method may be used for solution formulation and the on-line decision of black starting-up.

Accompanying drawing explanation

In order to be illustrated more clearly in the specific embodiment of the invention or technical scheme of the prior art, be briefly described to the accompanying drawing used required in embodiment or description of the prior art below, apparently, accompanying drawing in the following describes is some embodiments of the present invention, for those of ordinary skill in the art, under the prerequisite not paying creative work, other accompanying drawing can also be obtained according to these accompanying drawings.

Fig. 1 is transformer station of the present invention remote control schematics.

Fig. 2 is unit output schematic diagram of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is algorithm logic figure of the present invention.

Fig. 4 is IEEE39 node system of the present invention.

Fig. 5 is unit starting path profile of the present invention.

Embodiment

For making the object, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearly, below in conjunction with Fig. 1-Fig. 5 and specific embodiment, clear, complete description is carried out to invention.

As shown in Fig. 4 ~ Fig. 5, embodiment 1 selects IEEE39 power saving apparatus to carry out check analysis as example, think between all nodes by connection, arrange example information at random as follows: as shown in Figure 4, electrical network is divided into dotted line to split three regions, node 6, node 16, tiny node centered by node 26, be 20 minutes with the direct connected node arrival time of Centroid, all the other are 60 minutes; Being connected branch road remote control coverage coefficient with node 8 is 0, and all the other branch roads are 1; All circuit straighforward operation success rates are 99%, and execute-in-place success rate is 99.5%; The check processing time is 15 minutes; The remote operation time is 5 minutes, and field operation time is 5 minutes.

30 nodes are black starting-up Hydropower Unit, rated power 250MW, and leading phase operation ability is 80MVar; 31-39 node unit is 600MW fired power generating unit, under-excitation ability 150Mvar; Fired power generating unit all has 2.5 hours maximum startup time limits; Unit station service is 5% of generator rating power, and the climbing time is 70 points; Generating time T ₁be 20 points, have load bus just can be selected as load in all types load power factor 0.8, figure and drop into node.

Within in start-up course, the voltage of each node is limited in the 95%-105% of rated voltage; Single load drops into 5 minutes consuming time, and transformer station is 2 hours the ups system continued power time, calculates stopping in limited time when exceeding the maximum startup of fired power generating unit.

1) line loop operation time limit definition

Easy for arranging, as follows for every bar circuit j unified definition: remote operation circuit required time t _1jbe 5 minutes, execute-in-place circuit required time t _2jbe 5 minutes, as unsuccessful to equipment inspection processing time t in operated _3jit is 15 minutes, from central station to regulated station required time t _nodebe 20 or 60 minutes, calculate transformer station and recover have people to need the time in t:

For every bar circuit, can still to take time t by execute-in-place _5jdepend on that two ends substation takes time

t _5j＝max(t _4j,a,t _4j,b)

Wherein, a, b represent the numbering of circuit j two ends transformer station respectively.

2) straighforward operation coverage coefficient definition

It is 0 that definition is connected branch road remote control coverage coefficient λ with node 8, and all the other branch roads are 1

3) circuit recovers definition of probability

Defining all circuit straighforward operation success rate P ' is 99%, and execute-in-place success rate P " is 99.5%;

4) line loop operation time expectation function is obtained

By above step 1) to step 3) in each parameter value substitute into following formula, set up the expectation function T (t) of start-up time for every bar circuit j as follows

T _j(t)=λ _j[[t _1jp ' _j+ (1-P ' _j) (t _1j+ t _2j+ t _3j+ t _5j)]]+λ _j-1 [[(t _2j+ t _5j) P " _j+ (1-P " _j) (2t _2j+ t _3j+ t _5j)]] apply the start-up cost that expectation function T (t) can differentiate t circuit.If after circuit carried out start-up operation, start-up time, cost expectation function was as follows again for it

5) consider that generator starts limiting factor

T _sirepresent that unit i obtains and start the power supply moment, T _1ifor unit i exerts oneself 20 minutes required times, T _2ifor the 70 minutes climbing time of unit i, P _mifor the maximum active power capacity of unit i, K _ifor the creep speed P of unit i _mi/ 70, substitute into following formula, what obtain unit i goes out force function

$P_i\left(t\right)=\left\{\begin{array}{cc}0& 0\&le;T_{si}+T_{1i}\\ K_i(t-T_{si}-T_{1i})& T_{si}+T_{1i}<t\&le;T_{si}+T_{1i}+T_{2i}\\ P_{Mi}& T_{si}+T_{1i}+T_{2i}<t\end{array}\right.$

6) start-up course restriction is considered

Starting power limits:

In system recovery procedure, the new all meritorious capacity having started unit of the equal demand fulfillment of equipment of each step verification input need be greater than the station service of grid-connected unit and drop into load sum.Namely

$\underset{i=1}{\overset{n}{\&Sigma;}}{P}_{Gi}\left(t\right)\&GreaterEqual;\underset{i=1}{\overset{n}{\&Sigma;}}{P}_{Di}\left(t\right)+\underset{k=1}{\overset{m}{\&Sigma;}}{P}_k\left(t\right)$

Wherein P _girepresent unit i capacity size, P _direpresent the station service size of unit i, P _krepresent that node k drops into payload, n represents grid-connected unit quantity, and m represents and drops into load bus quantity.Start time limit restriction:

Warm start fired power generating unit all has and retrains 2.5 hours maximum critical start-up time, i.e. 0 < T _si≤ 150 voltages and trend restriction:

In each moment in power system restoration process, within the scope of, reactive power capacity meritorious at grid-connected unit, meet all node voltages not out-of-limit, all circuit nonoverloads, namely

$\left\{\begin{array}{c}{P}_{Gi}^{\min }\&le;P_{Gi}\&le;P_{Gi}^{\max }\\ Q_{Gi}^{\min }\&le;Q_{Gi}\&le;Q_{Gi}^{\max }\\ P_j\&le;P_{jmax}\\ U_k^{\min }\&le;U_k\&le;U_k^{\max }\end{array}\right.$

Wherein, P _gi, Q _girepresent the size of exerting oneself having dropped into generator i, P _jrepresent the conveying active power size having dropped into circuit j, be 0.95 times of rated voltage, be 1.05 times of rated voltages.

7) black-start scheme is asked for

Call enlightening Peter Krass algorithm (dijkstra's algorithm) using step 4) the line loop operation time desired value that obtains as weights, ask for the shortest startup path.

The comprehensive priority index of definition unit i is:

${\mathrm{\&eta;}}_i=\frac{{\mathrm{\&epsiv;}}_i{P}_{GMi}}{\underset{j=1}{\overset{l}{\&Sigma;}}{T}_j\left(t\right)}$

Wherein, P _gMirepresent the rated generation power of unit i, l represents that current power transmission path comprises number of, lines, T _jt () represents that the start-up time of circuit j is expected.Because unit to be launched is all fired power generating unit, machine group correction coefficient ε is 1.Choose comprehensive priority index descending carry out one by one unit carry out startup verification, actuating logic process as shown in Figure 3, asks for follow procedures 5 in process) and step 6) restriction.

Interpretation of result is as follows:

Launch emergency provision is formulated according to example information, in 145 minutes, have 26 circuits, 27 nodes, 220MW load drops into, after the 7th step drops into 14-13, long-range input 21 circuits altogether, time reaches 2 hours, and follow-up 5 circuits transfer on-the-spot startup to, and startup scheme can the probability of successful implementation be 0.99 ²¹× 0.995 ⁵=79.0%.Concrete startup scheme is as shown in the table, has started configuration of power network as shown in Figure 5.Step 2,3,5,7,8 paths drop into before, all verified 39 node unit commitment paths according to algorithm steps, because admittance is excessive over the ground with 39 node unit connection lines, recovery final stage yet by start verification, start unsuccessfully.

Table 1 generator starts scheme

As shown in Figure 3, idiographic flow is logical flow chart:

1, read in line loop operation time, successful operation probability, node arrival time, reactive power compensation configuration, node load, the data sets such as station capacity, startup time limit, calculate each circuit and initially expect weights.

2, call enlightening Peter Krass algorithm, calculate machine group node to be launched to the shortest path starting electrical network, calculate each unit comprehensive priority index to be launched, and sort.

3, comprehensive priority index is extracted preferably and meet the unit starting path to be launched starting the time limit.When occurring that node voltage is out-of-limit as verified in start-up course, carrying out low tension reactor, load etc. and dropping into operation, still can not meet and perform step 6, as there is circuit overload, then selective extraction priority indicator suboptimum unit carries out startup verification.

If 4 all unit starting time limits did not all meet, then extract and start time limit minimum unit starting path, carry out verifying as step 3.

5, step 3 and step 4 are verified the startup path passed through and save as path to be launched containing line start order, carry out the operation of Article 1 line start, upgrade basic data according to startup success or not, upgrade checking time node.

6, upgrade basic data according to timing node, continue to perform search and verification, until terminate when all generator nodes to be launched have all started or arrived fixed time T from step 1.

Last it is noted that above embodiment is only in order to illustrate technical scheme of the present invention, be not intended to limit; Although with reference to previous embodiment to invention has been detailed description, those of ordinary skill in the art is to be understood that: it still can be modified to the technical scheme described in previous embodiment, or carries out equivalent replacement to wherein portion of techniques feature; And these amendments or replacement, do not make the essence of appropriate technical solution depart from the spirit and scope of embodiment of the present invention technical scheme.

Claims (6)

1. consider a black-start method for transformer station's unattended operation and circuit straighforward operation, it is characterized in that: it comprises the steps:

Step one, every bar circuit j defined to its line loop operation time limit, straighforward operation coverage coefficient and circuit and recover probability, wherein, j represents the numbering of circuit, j=1,2,3

The described line loop operation time limit comprises the time t needed for remote operation circuit j _1j, time t needed for execute-in-place circuit j _2j, circuit j is as operated the unsuccessful time t to equipment inspection process _3j, send someone to rush for the time t needed for the transformer station of circuit j both sides from central station _{node j}, circuit j both sides transformer station recovers the time t that has people still to need _4jcan the time t that still needs of execute-in-place with circuit j _5j; Wherein t _1j, t _2j, t _3j, t _{node j}obtain by every bar circuit j service data statistics, t _4jdefinition (1) as follows:

In above formula (1), t _0jrepresent from having a power failure on a large scale to the time of the j circuit both sides transformer station that sends someone;

T represents the time variable of timing from having a power failure on a large scale;

T _5jdefinition (2) as follows:

t _5j＝max(t _4j,a,t _4j,b)(2)

In above formula (2), a, b represent the numbering of circuit j two ends transformer station respectively;

T _{4j, a}represent that the transformer station a of circuit j both sides recovers the time having people still to need;

T _{4j, b}represent that the transformer station b of circuit j both sides recovers the time having people still to need;

Described straighforward operation coverage coefficient is expressed as λ for circuit j _j, its formula (3) is as follows:

In above formula (3), when described circuit j two ends transformer station all can realize straighforward operation, the remote-controlled operation of described circuit j drops into, the straighforward operation coverage coefficient λ of described circuit j _jdetermined by the instant running status of electrical network;

Described circuit recovers probability and comprises straighforward operation input circuit probability of success P ' for circuit j _jprobability of success P is dropped into " with substation field mode of operation circuit _j;

Step 2, the start-up time of recovering probability calculation every bar circuit j according to definition wires dataway operation time limit in step one, straighforward operation coverage coefficient and circuit are expected:

Described start-up time expects the expectation function T for initiating switchup required time _j(t) or again start the expectation function T ' of required time _j(t), T _jt the computing formula (4) of () is as follows:

T _j(t)＝λ _j[t _1jP′ _j+(1-P _j′)(t _1j+t _2j+t _3j+t _5j)]+|λ _j-1|[(t _2j+t _5j)P″ _j+(1-P″ _j)(2t _2j+t _3j+t _5j)](4)

When initiating switchup success, the expectation function T ' start-up time again of circuit _jt () is defined as a minimum constant; When initiating switchup failure, then make P ' _j, P " _jbe zero, calculate the expectation function T ' that it starts required time again _j(t), its computing formula (5) is as follows:

Step 3, with the expectation function T of the initiating switchup required time of t every bar circuit j _j(t) or again start the expectation function T ' of required time _jt electrical network to be launched, as weights, is regarded as a non-directed graph by (), call enlightening Peter Krass algorithm and calculate every platform generating set i to the shortest startup path starting power supply point; I represents the numbering of generating set, i=1,2,3

Step 4, for the shortest startup path of generating set i of trying to achieve t in step 3, calculate the comprehensive priority index η of generating set i _i, its computing formula (6) is as follows:

${\mathrm{\&eta;}}_i=\frac{{\mathrm{\&epsiv;}}_i{P}_{GMi}}{\underset{j=1}{\overset{l}{\&Sigma;}}{T}_j\left(t\right)}---\left(6\right)$

In above formula (6), ε represents the correction factor of generating set i; When generating set i is fired power generating unit, then ε=1, when generating set i is Hydropower Unit, then ε is greater than 1;

P _gMirepresent the specified active power of generating set i;

L represents the number of, lines that current power transmission path comprises;

T _jt () represents circuit j initiating switchup or again starts the expectation function of required time;

represent the T of all circuit j in the shortest startup path _jthe summation of (t);

Step 5, calculate the comprehensive priority index η of each generating set of t for step 4 _i, choose comprehensive priority index η in each generating set _imaximum generating set carries out startup verification, starts restriction and will meet generating set startup limiting factor and start-up course limiting factor in startup verification; When by starting verification, then start comprehensive priority index η _imaximum generating set; When not by starting verification, then choose comprehensive priority index η _ithe generating set of suboptimum verifies, until obtain the generating set by starting verification;

Step 6, start-up operation is carried out by the generating set starting verification for what obtain in step 5, the shortest startup path of this generating set that start-up operation is tried to achieve from power supply point to generating set to be launched along step 3 is carried out, choose wherein first bar circuit and carry out line loop operation, when completing the start-up operation of first bar circuit i, upgrade and allly in this moment whole network do not carry out the initiating switchup required time expectation function of the circuit operated and carried out the expectation function of restarting required time of circuit of startup, upgrade rear data and substitute into execution step 3 as circuit weights and order execution,

Above-mentioned cycle calculations is until stop when all generating sets have started or described time variable t exceedes setting limit value.

2. a kind of black-start method considering transformer station's unattended operation and circuit straighforward operation according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: after described step 6, if without any generating set by starting verification, then comprehensive priority index is adjusted to the startup time limit minimum to ensure to start more multi-line in unit climbing process.

3. a kind of black-start method considering transformer station's unattended operation and circuit straighforward operation according to claim 1, is characterized in that: meet described generating set and start the maximum active-power P that generating set that limiting factor and separate unit obtained station service can send _it (), meets described P _it the computing formula (7) of () is as follows:

$P_i\left(t\right)=\left\{\begin{array}{cc}0& 0\&le;T_{si}+T_{1i}\\ K_i(t-T_{si}-T_{1i})& T_{si}+T_{1i}<t\&le;T_{si}+T_{1i}+T_{2i}\\ P_{Mi}& T_{si}+T_{1i}+T_{2i}<t\end{array}\right.---\left(7\right)$

In above formula (7), T _sirepresent that generating set i obtains and start the power supply moment;

T _1irepresent generating set i generating required time;

T _2irepresent the climbing time of generating set i;

P _mirepresent the maximum active power of generating set i;

K _irepresent the creep speed of generating set i.

4. a kind of black-start method considering transformer station's unattended operation and circuit straighforward operation according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described start-up course limiting factor comprises following factor:

1) starting power limiting factor:

In system recovery procedure, the active power of the equal demand fulfillment of equipment all starter-generators group that each step verification input is new need be greater than the station service of the unit that generated electricity by way of merging two or more grid systems and drop into load sum, and expression formula (8) is as follows:

$\underset{i=1}{\overset{n}{\&Sigma;}}{P}_{Gi}\left(t\right)\&GreaterEqual;\underset{i=1}{\overset{n}{\&Sigma;}}{P}_{Di}\left(t\right)+\underset{k=1}{\overset{m}{\&Sigma;}}{P}_k\left(t\right)---\left(8\right)$

In above formula (8), P _girepresent the active power having run generating set i;

P _direpresent the station service size having run generating set i;

P _krepresent that node k drops into payload;

N represents grid-connected unit quantity;

M represents and drops into load bus quantity;

2) time limit limiting factor is started:

For warm start fired power generating unit i, there is maximum critical constraint start-up time, i.e. 0 < T _si≤ T _{cH, i}, wherein T _{cH, i}represent warm start fired power generating unit i maximum critical heat start-up time, T _sirepresent that warm start fired power generating unit i obtains and start the power supply moment;

For cold start-up fired power generating unit i, there is minimum critical constraint start-up time, i.e. T _si>=T _{cC, i}, wherein T _{cC, i}represent the minimum critical start-up time of cold start-up unit i, T _sirepresent that cold start-up fired power generating unit i obtains and start the power supply moment;

3) voltage and trend limiting factor:

In each moment in power system restoration process, reactive power meritorious at grid-connected unit is exerted oneself in scope, meets all node k voltage not out-of-limit, all circuit j nonoverloads, namely meets as lower inequality group (9):

$\left\{\begin{array}{c}{P}_{Gi}^{\min }\&le;P_{Gi}\&le;P_{Gi}^{\max }\\ Q_{Gi}^{\min }\&le;Q_{Gi}\&le;Q_{Gi}^{\max }\\ P_j\&le;P_{jmax}\\ U_k^{\min }\&le;U_k\&le;U_k^{\max }\end{array}\right.---\left(9\right)$

In above formula (9), P _gi, Q _girepresent the active power and reactive power that have dropped into generating set i respectively;

P _jrepresent the conveying active power size having dropped into circuit j;

U _krepresent the voltage swing having dropped into node k.

represent active power lower limit and the upper limit of generating set i respectively;

represent active power lower limit and the upper limit of generating set i respectively;

P _jmaxrepresent the rated power of circuit j;

minimum, the ceiling voltage of the node k respectively presentation technology allowed.

5. a kind of black-start method considering transformer station's unattended operation and circuit straighforward operation according to claim 4, it is characterized in that: when in described step 5 by operation that conventional voltage adjusts, when start-up course voltage can be made not out-of-limit, then meet restriction requirement, namely by starting verification.

6. a kind of black-start method considering transformer station's unattended operation and circuit straighforward operation according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the setting limit value in described step 6 is the UPS power-on time of transformer station.