CN105505544B - 一种胶体抑制功能的变压器油 - Google Patents
一种胶体抑制功能的变压器油 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开一种具有胶体抑制功能的变压器油，包括70‑95wt％基础油、0.05‑1wt％自由基捕捉剂、0.5‑5wt％抗静电剂、纳米添加剂0.1‑1wt％；所述自由基捕捉剂为对苯醌、四甲基苯醌、2‑甲基‑2‑亚硝基甲烷或次磺酸胺类自由基捕捉剂中的一种或多种；所述纳米添加剂是纳米氧化铝、纳米氮化铝中的一种；所述抗静电剂是烷基咪唑啉或醇胺酯复合物。所述变压器油具有明显的胶体抑制功能，可以减缓变压器油中胶体的生成，从而延长变压器油的使用寿命。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种具有胶体抑制功能的变压器油及其制备方法。
背景技术
目前国内外高电压、大容量电力变压器大部分采用充油式变压器，这类变压器采用以绝缘油和绝缘纸(板)为主的油纸复合绝缘结构，具有很高的耐电强度。在长期运行过程中，变压器中绝缘油和其他绝缘材料在电和热作用下，会逐渐老化和分解，产生低分子烃类，这些物质与变压器油中存在的杂质、尘埃、微生物等相互作用，在运行一段时间后会产生胶体杂质析出。胶体粒子直径很小，其扩散较慢，但是有一定的活动能量，粒子可以自由聚合，由小变大，处于非平衡的不稳定形态，当超出胶体范围时，由于重力而发生沉积，产生胶状沉淀。变压器油中存在胶质后，会引起点到超过介质正常点到的很多倍，从而导致介质损耗因数变大，油品变得劣化，影响变压器的安全运行。
已经有研究表明，变压器在运行时出现局部过热或电弧放电等情况时候，变压器油中的烃类组分会发生分解，形成自由基，自由基粒子进一步聚合可能引发聚合反应，生成高分子的物质，从而加剧胶体的生成。因此抑制变压器油中的自由基生成可以有效的缓解变压器油中胶体物质的生成。但是现有技术中尚未见有相关的研究。
CN103232879 A公开了一种氧化剂氧化精制工艺生产变压器油的方法，该方法工艺过程为：原料油加热-加氧化剂-氧化反应-沉降-除渣-加吸附剂-过滤-真空脱水脱气-成品。该方法主要涉及变压器油的生产预处理，并不涉及在使用过程中如何避免胶体的生成。
发明内容
变压器油的主要成分是中长碳链的烃，在变压器内部发生局部过热或者电弧放电时，烃类组分发生分级，分解机理基本属于自由基反应机理，即烃受热生成碳正离子，碳正离子发生电位转移，继而发生碳键断裂，生成小分子的不饱和烃和气体。而这些碳正离子是高度活泼的组分，很容易继续发生分解或者团聚，当发生团聚时，即很容易形成胶体物质的前体，因此减少变压器油中的碳正离子生成是控制变压器油中胶体生成的有效方法。本发明基于变压器油的热解机理，首次提出在变压器油中添加具有捕捉碳正离子功能的添加剂，从而减少变压器油中胶体的生成，达到延长变压器油使用寿命，降低成本的目的。
本发明人发现，选择特定的自由基捕捉剂、抗静电剂和纳米添加剂按照特定的比例配合，可以取得显著的自由基抑制效果，从而达到减少胶体生成，延长变压器油寿命的目的。
自由基捕捉剂又称自由基捕获剂，自由基阱等。能够与化学反应过程中产生的不能够长时间稳定存在的活性自由基作用，形成可以长时间稳定存在的自由基或稳定分子。在本发明中，自由基捕捉剂通过物理作用与变压器油分解产生的自由基相互吸附，并在抗静电剂的作用下，生成稳定的物质，避免了碳正离子进一步聚合产生胶体。
本发明的技术方案如下：
一种具有胶体抑制功能的变压器油，包括70-95wt％基础油、0.05-1wt％自由基捕捉剂、0.5-5wt％抗静电剂、纳米添加剂0.1-1wt％；所述自由基捕捉剂为对苯醌、四甲基苯醌、2-甲基-2-亚硝基甲烷或次磺酸胺类自由基捕捉剂中的一种或多种；所述纳米添加剂是纳米氧化铝、纳米氮化铝中的一种；所述抗静电剂是烷基咪唑啉或醇胺酯复合物，优选是2-十一烷基咪唑啉，C16-18不饱和脂肪酸与乙醇胺的化合物中的一种。
所述自由基捕捉剂、抗静电剂、纳米添加剂的质量比为1：1-10：2-5，优选是1：2-5：4-5。
所述次磺酰胺类自由基捕捉剂是N,N二异丙基-2-苯并噻唑次磺酰胺，N,N-二环己基-2-苯并噻唑次磺酰胺中的一种。
所述变压器油还可以包含溶剂如丙酮、甲苯、异丙醇，金属钝化剂如苯并三氮唑及其衍生物，抗氧剂如受阻酚类，优选是2,6-二叔丁基对甲苯酚；以及本领域常见的变压器添加剂如杀菌剂、消泡剂等，所述消泡剂是非离子表面活性剂，优选是甜菜碱型表面活性剂。溶剂的加入量为5-20wt％，杀菌剂的加入量是0.01-0.5wt％，消泡剂的加入量是0.1-0.5wt％，金属钝化剂的加入量为0.1-2wt％。
所述纳米添加剂的粒度为10-500纳米，优选为50-200纳米。
所述基础油是环烷基基础油、石蜡基基础油合成类基础油中的一种或多种。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对发明的技术方案进行详细说明。
实施例1
85wt％环烷基基础油；0.1wt％四甲基苯醌；1wt％纳米氧化铝；0.5wt％SN抗静电剂；苯并三氮唑的加入量为0.5wt％；杀菌剂的加入量是0.3wt％；消泡剂的加入量是0.1wt％；甲苯余量。
实施例2
80wt％石蜡基基础油；1wt％N,N-二环己基-2-苯并噻唑次磺酰胺；0.5wt％SN抗静电剂；1wt％纳米氮化铝；苯并三氮唑的加入量为0.1wt％；杀菌剂的加入量是0.5wt％；消泡剂的加入量是0.5wt％；甲苯余量。
本发明可用其他的不违背本发明的精神或主要特征的具体形式来概括。本发明的所有实施方案都只能认为是对本发明的说明而不是限制，凡是根据本发明的技术内容所作出的任何细微修改或等同替换，都属于本发明的技术方案之内。
Claims (5)
1.一种具有胶体抑制功能的变压器油，包括70-95wt％基础油、0.05-1wt％自由基捕捉剂、0.5-5wt％抗静电剂、纳米添加剂0.1-1wt％；所述自由基捕捉剂为对苯醌、四甲基苯醌、2-甲基-2-亚硝基甲烷或次磺酰胺类自由基捕捉剂中的一种或多种；所述纳米添加剂是纳米氧化铝、纳米氮化铝中的一种；所述抗静电剂是烷基咪唑啉或醇胺酯复合物；所述自由基捕捉剂、抗静电剂、纳米添加剂的质量比为1：2-5：4-5；所述变压器油还包含溶剂、金属钝化剂、抗氧剂、杀菌剂、消泡剂；所述溶剂是丙酮、甲苯、异丙醇；金属钝化剂是苯并三氮唑及其衍生物；抗氧剂是受阻酚类；消泡剂是非离子表面活性剂；所述纳米添加剂的粒度为10-500纳米。
2.如权利要求1所述的变压器油，其特征在于所述次磺酰胺类自由基捕捉剂是N,N二异丙基-2-苯并噻唑次磺酰胺，N,N-二环己基-2-苯并噻唑次磺酰胺中的一种。
3.如权利要求1所述的变压器油，其特征在于所述溶剂的加入量为5-20wt％，杀菌剂的加入量是0.01-0.5wt％，消泡剂的加入量是0.1-0.5wt％，金属钝化剂的加入量为0.1-2wt％。
4.如权利要求1所述的变压器油，其特征在于抗氧剂是2,6-二叔丁基对甲苯酚；所述消泡剂是甜菜碱型表面活性剂。
5.一种抑制变压器油中胶体生成的方法，其特征在于在变压器中使用如权利要求1-4任一项所述的变压器油。
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