CN105505422B

CN105505422B - Low temperature fine coal temperature divides distillation system and method for destructive distillation in a kind of interior external-heat

Info

Publication number: CN105505422B
Application number: CN201610021663.0A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 王崇峰
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2016-01-14
Filing date: 2016-01-14
Publication date: 2017-12-15
Anticipated expiration: 2036-01-14
Also published as: CN105505422A

Abstract

The present invention proposes that the present invention proposes that low temperature fine coal temperature divides distillation system and method for destructive distillation in a kind of interior external-heat, distillation system includes hot rotary kiln destructive distillation device in hot destructive distillation device and low temperature outside low temperature in spiral pusher, spiral pusher destructive distillation room in spiral pusher outside low temperature in hot destructive distillation device is arranged in its combustion chamber, and the combustion product gases in combustion chamber are provided directly in cylinder of rotary kiln, the solid material of cylinder of rotary kiln is provided to spiral pusher destructive distillation room.The dry distillation of coal is divided into two sections or multistage by temperature and organically combined using internal heat type rotary kiln and external-heat spiral pusher destructive distillation device to realize destructive distillation by the present invention, dust removal of pneumatic separation, preheating and drying and dewater treatment are carried out to raw coal using rotary kiln, low temperature distillation and the precipitation of high heating value raw coke oven gas and tar product in high efficiency are realized using external-heat spiral pusher destructive distillation device, the advantages of fully combining inside and outside hot distillation apparatus, it is wide to substantially increase dry distillation efficiency, efficiency of utilization and destructive distillation product quality, market promotion prospect.

Description

Low temperature fine coal temperature divides distillation system and method for destructive distillation in a kind of interior external-heat

Technical field

The invention belongs to pyrolysis of coal retorting technique field, and in particular to low temperature fine coal temperature divides destructive distillation system in a kind of interior external-heat System and method for destructive distillation.

Background technology

The pyrolysis of fine coal retorting technique, also referred to as coal carbonization or coal, refer to that coal is added under conditions of air is completely cut off Heat, the burnt oil and gas inside coal is evaporated, obtains tar, coal gas, the process of semi-coke.The technology results from 19 generation earliest Record, originating from Germany, be mainly used in producing coal tar at the beginning of invention, be also used for producing hard coke charcoal and fuel gas, due to this The energy conversion rate of technology is very high, is considered the third coal conversion skill arranged side by side with coal gasification, coal liquefaction both at home and abroad always Art, and the developing direction of clean coal utilization, meet national energy policy.

Large-scale coalfield is continuously found that on the Inner Mongol in China, Xinjiang and other places.These coalfields are mainly with high volatile Low-order coal based on, account for coal resources in China reserves more than 50%.The volatile component of lignite and jet coal therein accounts for original Volatile component accounts for the 20%~37% of raw coal dry weight in more than the 37% of coal dry weight, dross coal and weakly caking coal.These coals are at me Reserves in state's coal resources are larger, have the characteristics that moisture is big, caloric value is low, chemical reactivity is good, inflammable frangible, are unfavorable for Directly burn and transport, and the thermal efficiency directly to burn is relatively low, and greenhouse gas emissions are big, and carbonization is low to these Quality coal carries out the good method of upgrading.

The exploitation of domestic pyrolysis of coal new technology was also very active in recent years, and also the scale to pyrolysis of coal, Poly-generation provide Technical condition.For example Zhejiang University just proposed the imagination of thermoelectricity gas multi-production process early in 1987, and state is applied for Family's patent of invention (patent No. 92100505.2, circulating fluidized bed heat-power-gas-tar multi-joint-production apparatus exploitation》, Dalian University of Technology In recent years hot solid carrier devolatilization new technology is being developed always, has completed the laboratory experiments of a variety of oil shales, lignite.

But with regard to current present situation in general, domestic coal carbonization industrialization is also in the starting stage, mostly using upright Square lump coal pyrolysis oven, in retort process there is it is more serious the problem of, such as raw coke oven gas calorific value is low, normal caused by destructive distillation Pressure or pressure-fired are common problem be present.Current dry distillation of coal industrial technology common problem be do not take into full account and profit Divide temperature weight-loss with during pyrolysis of coal, that is, do not organically combine the pyrolysis characteristicses in coal different temperatures stage Come, even if being disposed with the pyrolysis installation of different phase, but be substantially work independent of one another, do not realize heat, raw material And the combination of product, while can not accomplish each stage thermal decomposition product being collected respectively, can not more obtain calorific value compared with High tar and raw coke oven gas, thus design it is a kind of can realize raw coal from room temperature to medium temperature heating process in efficient destructive distillation system System, for promoting former coal carbonization industrialization significant.What the current domestic dry distillation of coal had industrial advantages simultaneously is to be based on The dry distillation of coal technology of external-heat, and the subject matter for influenceing external-heat dry distillation of coal efficiency is that wherein the propulsion mode of coal and heating are imitated Rate, in the current external-heat dry distillation of coal equipment raw coal propulsion mode using it is more be the gravity based on upright furnace promote, crawler belt it is defeated Propulsion, shaft is sent to roll propulsion etc., these raw coal propulsion modes have larger industrialization defect in actual use, simultaneously Exothermic heating efficiency is difficult to be improved always, and these limit former coal carbonization commercial application to a certain extent.

The content of the invention

The present invention is based on above-mentioned prior art problem, and innovation first proposes that a kind of temperature section of pressing carries out the dry distillation of coal（Referred to as " coal temperature divides destructive distillation "）Temperature divide retorting technique, and in particular to low temperature fine coal temperature divides distillation system and destructive distillation in a kind of interior external-heat Method, that innovates first is divided into two sections or multistage by temperature by the dry distillation of coal and realizes destructive distillation using distinct device combination, That innovates first organically combines internal heat type rotary kiln and external-heat spiral pusher destructive distillation device, and raw coal is carried out using rotary kiln Dust removal of pneumatic separation, preheating and drying and dewater treatment, and realize that efficient middle low temperature is done using external-heat spiral pusher destructive distillation device The precipitation of process and its high heating value raw coke oven gas and tar product is evaporated, that innovates first introduces combustion product gases in helix transporting device Utilized with the efficient circulation that heat energy is realized in rotary kiln, that innovates first collects raw coke oven gas by different temperatures, first with a whole set of System realizes raw coal and splits retorting technique from room temperature to the temperature in medium temperature heating process, while solves existing coal well Raw coal in retorting technique promotes problem, and substantially increases the destructive distillation efficiency of heating surface and efficiency of utilization with brand-new mode of heating, Whole there is retort process coal to be heated evenly, retorting time is short, the efficiency of heating surface is high, tar yield is high, raw coke oven gas Fractional Collections profit With, particular advantages such as spiral pushing device dust content of gas is low, economic well-being of workers and staff is good, while whole temperature divides distillation system easily real Existing, simple to operate, market promotion prospect is wide.

It is as follows that the present invention solves the technical scheme that above-mentioned technical problem is taken：

Low temperature fine coal temperature divides distillation system in a kind of interior external-heat, including：Hot destructive distillation device 100 outside low temperature in spiral pusher With hot rotary kiln destructive distillation device 200 in low temperature, hot rotary kiln destructive distillation device 200 includes cylinder of rotary kiln 201, returned in the low temperature Turn support base 202 and rotary kiln drive device 205, the rotary kiln drive device 205 drives the cylinder of rotary kiln 201 in institute State and rotated on revolving support seat 202, formed with rotary kiln charging aperture 203, revolution kiln exhaust gas on the cylinder of rotary kiln 201 Outlet 204, rotary kiln discharging opening 206 and rotary kiln gas approach 207, hot destructive distillation device 100 outside low temperature in the spiral pusher Including：Combustion chamber 101, spiral pusher destructive distillation room 102, helix transporting device, cracking gas collection device and spiral pusher driving dress 106 are put, the cracking gas collection device is connected with the spiral pusher destructive distillation room 102, and the spiral pusher destructive distillation room 102 is set It is placed in the combustion chamber 101, the helix transporting device is arranged in the spiral pusher destructive distillation room 102, and the spiral pushes away Material drive device drives the helix transporting device to be rotated in the spiral pusher destructive distillation room 102, the helical feed Discharge flue 105 is provided with device 112, the gas approach of the discharge flue 105 is in the combustion chamber, the smoke evacuation The exhanst gas outlet of passage 105 is connected with the cylinder of rotary kiln 201, formed with charging on the spiral pusher destructive distillation room 102 Mouth and discharging opening, the rotary kiln discharging opening 206 of the cylinder of rotary kiln 201 are connected to entering for the spiral pusher destructive distillation room 102 Material mouth.

Further divide distillation system according to low temperature fine coal temperature in interior external-heat of the present invention, wherein hot in the low temperature Rotary kiln destructive distillation device 200 also includes interior heat smoke supply pipe 209, and one end of the interior heat smoke supply pipe 209 is connected to The rotary kiln gas approach 207, the other end of the interior heat smoke supply pipe 209 are connected to the cigarette of the discharge flue 105 Gas exports, and the combustion product gases in the combustion chamber 101 are expelled to institute through the discharge flue 105 and interior heat smoke supply pipe 209 State in cylinder of rotary kiln 201；The rotary kiln charging aperture 203 and rotary kiln air exit 204 are formed at the cylinder of rotary kiln 201 one end, the rotary kiln discharging opening 206 and rotary kiln gas approach 207 are formed at the another of the cylinder of rotary kiln 201 End.

Further divide distillation system according to low temperature fine coal temperature in interior external-heat of the present invention, wherein the cracking gas is received Acquisition means include cracking gas collecting chamber 109 and cracking gas collecting pipe 111, and the cracking gas collecting chamber 109 is formed at the spiral In the outside wall surface of pusher destructive distillation room 102, and connected with the spiral pusher destructive distillation room, the cracking gas collecting chamber 109 and described Spiral pusher destructive distillation room 102 is in together in the combustion chamber 101, and the combustion chamber 101 is formed as the heating space of sealing, described One end of cracking gas collecting pipe 111 is communicated in the cracking gas collecting chamber 109, and the other end of the cracking gas collecting pipe 111 is stretched It is tightly connected for outside the combustion chamber 101 and with the adiabatic wall of the combustion chamber.

Further divide distillation system according to low temperature fine coal temperature in interior external-heat of the present invention, wherein the spiral pusher Hot destructive distillation device 100 also includes bearing support block outside middle low temperature, and the rear end of the spiral pusher destructive distillation room 102 is fixed on described The rear end face of combustion chamber, and the junction of spiral pusher destructive distillation room 102 and combustion chamber forms sealing structure, the spiral pusher is done The front end for evaporating room 102 is in the combustion chamber, shape between the outer wall of the spiral pusher destructive distillation room 102 and the inwall of combustion chamber Into the heating space of sealing, the helix transporting device includes rotary shaft 103 and helical blade 104, and the helical blade 104 exists It is arranged inside spiral pusher destructive distillation room 102 in the rotary shaft 103, and along rotary shaft 103 axially in spiral pusher destructive distillation room Helical duct is formed in 102, the both ends of the rotary shaft 103 are stretched out in outside the spiral pusher destructive distillation room 102, the spiral Rotational sealing structure, the both ends branch of the rotary shaft 103 are formed between the both ends port of pusher destructive distillation room 102 and the rotary shaft Support on the bearing support block, the spiral pusher drive device is connected in the end of the rotary shaft, the smoke evacuation Passage 105 is arranged in the rotary shaft and is isolated with the spiral pusher destructive distillation room 102, the combustion chamber 101 with it is described Discharge flue 105 directly connects.

Further divide distillation system according to low temperature fine coal temperature in interior external-heat of the present invention, wherein the bearings Seat includes fore bearing support base 107 and rear bearing support block 108, and the rear end of the rotary shaft 103 is from the spiral pusher destructive distillation The back-end ports of room 102 are stretched out in outside the combustion chamber, and the rear end of the rotary shaft 103 rolls branch at the rear of combustion chamber Support on the rear bearing support block 108, the front end of the rotary shaft and the fore bearing support base 107 are in the burning Within room 101, rolling support is on the fore bearing support base 107 in combustion chamber for the front end of the rotary shaft 103, the spiral shell Rotation pusher drive device 106 is connected in the rear end of the rotary shaft 103, and the discharge flue 105 is along the rotary shaft The front and rear penetrating hollow channel that central axis is formed, the gas approach of the discharge flue 105 are direct in the front end of rotary shaft The combustion chamber is connected, the exhanst gas outlet of the discharge flue 105 is in the rear end of rotary shaft and the interior heat smoke supply pipe 209 It is connected.

Further divide distillation system according to low temperature fine coal temperature in interior external-heat of the present invention, wherein the spiral pusher Hot destructive distillation device 100 also includes fuel supply room, fuel supply pipe, feeding warehouse 114 and discharging bin 115, institute outside middle low temperature State fuel supply room and the combustion chamber 101 is connected to by the fuel supply pipe, and the combustion chamber supplies in connection fuel The position of pipeline is answered to be provided with igniter 116；The charging aperture, the feeding warehouse are opened up at the top of the spiral pusher destructive distillation room 114 one end is connected to the charging aperture, and the other end of the feeding warehouse 114 is stretched out in outside the combustion chamber 101 and connected Rotary kiln discharging opening 206 in hot rotary kiln destructive distillation device 200 in the low temperature, the bottom of the spiral pusher destructive distillation room are opened If the discharging opening, one end of the discharging bin 115 is connected to the discharging opening, and the other end of the discharging bin 115 stretches out in Outside the combustion chamber 101.

Further divide distillation system according to low temperature fine coal temperature in interior external-heat of the present invention, wherein the spiral pusher Spiral pusher destructive distillation room 102 outside middle low temperature in hot destructive distillation device 100 includes doing under destructive distillation room 4 and spiral pusher on spiral pusher Evaporate room 5, destructive distillation room 5 is arranged side by side in the combustion chamber under destructive distillation room 4 and spiral pusher on the spiral pusher, the spiral It is interconnected in pusher under destructive distillation room 4 and spiral pusher between destructive distillation room 5 by material connecting leg 13, the destructive distillation room on spiral pusher 4 and spiral pusher under be provided with the helix transporting device in destructive distillation room 5, destructive distillation room 4 and spiral pusher on spiral pusher The cracking gas collection device is provided with outside lower destructive distillation room 5.

Further divide distillation system according to low temperature fine coal temperature in interior external-heat of the present invention, wherein the spiral pusher What destructive distillation room 5 was parallel to each other in the combustion chamber under upper destructive distillation room 4 and spiral pusher is arranged side by side, and destructive distillation on spiral pusher Top surface of the room 4 relative to destructive distillation room 5 under spiral pusher closer to combustion chamber, destructive distillation room 4 and spiral push away on the spiral pusher The lower destructive distillation room 5 of material is respectively provided with cylinder-like structure, is offered upwards at the top of the cylinder side wall of the front end of destructive distillation room 4 on the spiral pusher Charging aperture, the cylinder side wall bottom of the front end of destructive distillation room 4 offers downwards discharging opening under the spiral pusher, on the spiral pusher Connected entrance, the front and back end of the material connecting leg 13 are offered under destructive distillation room 4 and spiral pusher on the cylinder side wall of the rear end of destructive distillation room 5 Mouth is connected to the connected entrance of destructive distillation room 5 under destructive distillation room 4 and spiral pusher on spiral pusher, and the bottom surface of material connecting leg 13 is same When, the spiral pusher on destructive distillation room 4 tangent with the cylinder bottom surface of destructive distillation room 5 under destructive distillation room 4 on spiral pusher and spiral pusher It is in opposite direction with the coal charge screw propulsion of the helix transporting device 9 under spiral pusher in destructive distillation room 5.

Further divide distillation system according to low temperature fine coal temperature in interior external-heat of the present invention, wherein also including medium temperature Interior hot rotary kiln destructive distillation device 300, hot rotary kiln destructive distillation device 300 includes cylinder of rotary kiln 301, revolving support in the medium temperature Seat 302 and rotary kiln drive device 305, the rotary kiln drive device 305 drive the cylinder of rotary kiln 301 in the revolution Rotated on support base 302, formed with rotary kiln charging aperture 303, rotary kiln air exit on the cylinder of rotary kiln 301 304th, rotary kiln discharging opening 306 and rotary kiln gas approach 307, the rotary kiln charging aperture 303 are connected to the spiral pusher Outside middle low temperature in hot destructive distillation device 100 spiral pusher destructive distillation room discharging opening, the rotary kiln gas approach 307 is connected to independence Thermal source is connected in spiral pusher the combustion chamber outside low temperature in hot destructive distillation device 100 by pipeline.

A kind of middle low temperature fine coal temperature point for dividing distillation system to carry out based on low temperature fine coal temperature in interior external-heat of the present invention Method for destructive distillation, comprise the following steps：

1）, fine coal enter cylinder of rotary kiln through the rotary kiln charging aperture 203 in hot rotary kiln destructive distillation device 200 in low temperature In 201；

2）, combustion product gases outside low temperature in spiral pusher in hot destructive distillation device 100 are by the powder in cylinder of rotary kiln 201 Coal is heated to 380 DEG C from room temperature, and fine coal is carried out internal heating low-temperature cracking in the temperature range, by low temperature distillation to fine coal It is dehydrated, dried, dedusting, preheating and part destructive distillation processing, destructive distillation gaseous products and dust therein is via revolution kiln exhaust gas The discharge of outlet 204, solid product therein provide into spiral pusher hot destructive distillation device outside low temperature through rotary kiln discharging opening 206 In spiral pusher destructive distillation room 102 in 100；

3）, into the fine coal in spiral pusher destructive distillation room 102 during being promoted along spiral path, by combustion chamber The conduction heating effect of combustion product gases, and hanker low temperature distillation outside progress within the temperature range of 380 DEG C to 550 DEG C, generation Destructive distillation gaseous products are collected via cracking gas collection device, and the destructive distillation solid product of generation discharges via discharging bin；

4）, combustion product gases in spiral pusher outside low temperature in hot destructive distillation device 100 in combustion chamber are to spiral pusher destructive distillation Room 102 is directly output to after being heated in the cylinder of rotary kiln in low temperature in hot rotary kiln destructive distillation device 200.

3）, into the fine coal in spiral pusher destructive distillation room 102 during being promoted along spiral path, by combustion chamber The conduction heating effect of combustion product gases, and hanker low temperature distillation outside progress within the temperature range of 380 DEG C to 550 DEG C, generation Destructive distillation gaseous products are collected via cracking gas collection device, and the destructive distillation solid product of generation is provided to medium temperature through discharging opening In the cylinder of rotary kiln of hot rotary kiln destructive distillation device 300；

4）, combustion product gases in spiral pusher outside low temperature in hot destructive distillation device 100 in combustion chamber are to spiral pusher destructive distillation Room 102 is directly output to after being heated in the cylinder of rotary kiln in low temperature in hot rotary kiln destructive distillation device 200；

5）, further exist into the destructive distillation solid product in medium temperature in the cylinder of rotary kiln of hot rotary kiln destructive distillation device 300 Hot medium temperature carbonization in being carried out within the temperature range of 550 DEG C to 700 DEG C, the destructive distillation gaseous products of generation are via rotary kiln air exit 304 outputs, the destructive distillation solid product of generation export via rotary kiln discharging opening 306.

Technical scheme has following technology original creation and technique effect：

1）, the present invention is pioneering utilize raw coal pyrolysis characteristicses, by fine coal according to the triphasic temperature of pyrolysis characteristicses curve progress Split destructive distillation（Pyrolysis of coal temperature divides retorting technique）：First stage is the fine coal low temperature distillation stage, and pyrolysis temperature is heated to by normal temperature Second pyrolysis weight loss peak initial temperature, preferable temperature be normal temperature between 400 DEG C, this section contains preheating and part destructive distillation, this section of gas Body primary product is CH₄、H₂O、N₂、CO₂, solid product is the destructive distillation coal through dehydration, dedusting and the pre-heat treatment；Second stage is Low temperature distillation stage in raw coal, temperature range are the second pyrolysis weight loss peak temperature section, between 380 ~ 550 DEG C of preferable temperature, this Section gaseous product is CH₄、C_mH_n、H₂、CO、CO₂, substantial amounts of tar, solid product is semicoke；Phase III is medium temperature carbonization rank Section, temperature range are that medium temperature is pyrolyzed peak value section, and between 550 DEG C to 700 DEG C of preferable temperature, this section of primary product is CO, CO₂、 H₂, gaseous hydrocarbon and semicoke.

2）, the present invention initiated internal heat type rotary kiln destructive distillation device combination external-heat spiral pusher destructive distillation device and realized three The segmentation destructive distillation of individual temperature stage, first stage use external heating type using internal heating type rotary kiln destructive distillation device, second stage Spiral pusher destructive distillation device, phase III use internal heating type rotary kiln destructive distillation device.Based on hot mode in flue gas in rotary kiln The efficient fast dewatering of raw coal is realized in cylinder, while sorting dedusting has been carried out to raw coal using heat smoke, and raw coal is turned Turn to during preheating destructive distillation coal enters in low tempexature external heating spiral pusher destructive distillation device, preheating destructive distillation coal fills into spiral pusher destructive distillation Efficient middle low temperature distillation is wherein being carried out in putting, the tar product of high quality is efficiently separated out, and semicoke may be selected to enter afterwards Next stage internal heating type rotary kiln destructive distillation device carries out medium temperature concentration destructive distillation.Internal heating type is effectively combined by this process to return The advantages of rotary kiln destructive distillation device and external heating type spiral pusher destructive distillation device, substantially increase raw coal temperature and divide dry distillation efficiency, and in fact The efficient collection of different temperatures stage difference destructive distillation product is showed.

3）, the present invention is pioneering uses same thermal source, the combustion gas heat in spiral pusher destructive distillation device is fully carried out Utilize, first burning directly meets the middle low temperature distillation temperature requirement in spiral pusher destructive distillation device, Ran Houtong in a combustion chamber Cross spiral pusher rotary shaft internal channel to export to low temperature internal heat type rotary kiln destructive distillation device, flue-gas temperature is conducted through pipeline to be declined Meet temperature requirement of higher level's rotary kiln destructive distillation device as first stage low temperature distillation just afterwards, burnt in this exterior combustion chamber Flue gas is directly exported to subordinate's rotary kiln destructive distillation device from its burning position, also meets the temperature as phase III medium temperature carbonization Degree requires, substantially increases recycle heat utilization ratio, and then improve raw coal dry distillation efficiency.

4）, the combustion gas in creative utilization rotary kiln of the present invention can take away dust in fine coal, reached the mesh of selection by winnowing , the fine coal after heating again prevent the precipitation of dust when entering external heat spiral pusher destructive distillation device so that spiral pusher Dust content is extremely low in the aborning raw coke oven gas of destructive distillation device, and calorific value is very high, and quality of coke tar is fine.

5）, the present invention is pioneering carries out gas caused by internal heat type rotary kiln and external-heat spiral pusher destructive distillation device respectively Collect, the raw coke oven gas of internal heat type rotary kiln contains CH₄And dust, can directly it utilize；External-heat spiral pusher destructive distillation device produces Raw raw coke oven gas calorific value is high, and methane and hydrogen content are high, can put forward hydrogen or recycling.

6）, the present invention pioneering spiral pusher destructive distillation device raw coal propulsioning means have been innovated based on screw propulsion material mode, Raw coal material being slowly advanced in destructive distillation and thermally equivalent are ensure that, the combustion chamber initiated in sealing is arranged in parallel two More than destructive distillation room, and innovate destructive distillation room material mode of communicating and it is in parallel under spiral pusher mode, while by combustion product gases It is introduced directly into the rotary shaft of helix transporting device, the coal sample in destructive distillation room is heated by way of inside and outside heat transfer, greatly The efficiency of heating surface of outer hot destructive distillation is improved greatly, in addition by setting cracking gas to collect dress on the destructive distillation chamber outer wall in combustion chamber Put, oil gas caused by destructive distillation can be collected in time, low temperature distillation in external-heat greatly improved in a novel manner Efficiency, while the isolation requirement that when in combustion chamber and combustion chamber is placed in destructive distillation room is reduced, because oil gas caused by destructive distillation is certainly Destructive distillation room side wall is collected in time, the limit value to a certain extent on the premise of coal charge fills up destructive distillation chamber interior with spiral path Oil gas is from the end of destructive distillation room（Afterbody）Leak, so as to by setting sealing brush to expire between destructive distillation room port and rotary shaft The isolation requirement of sufficient destructive distillation room and combustion chamber, ensure that safe for operation, and then improve dry distillation efficiency.

7）, the present invention is pioneering utilize pyrolysis of coal characteristic, easy control of temperature, equipment combination is convenient, simple to operate, conveniently in The retorting operation in low temperature each stage, while the spiral pusher destructive distillation device operating condition in the present invention is flexible, the pressure in destructive distillation room Power can carry out flexible modulation, and destructive distillation room may operate in negative pressure or malleation destructive distillation condition, famine can be reduced under positive pressure operation The compression power consumption of coal gas following process, retorting time can be shortened under negative-pressure operation, improve the output capacity of tar, so as to the present invention Described device has stronger industrialization amplification application prospect.

8）, in a word the present invention pass through innovative combination external heating type spiral pusher destructive distillation device and internal heating type rotary kiln and fill Put, that is, take full advantage of that preheating in rotary kiln is fast, dewatering efficiency is high, dedusting thoroughly particular advantages, recycled spiral again and pushed away Expect the discharged gas fume of destructive distillation device, while screw propulsion mode of the raw coal based on innovation arrangement in spiral pusher destructive distillation device With outer row path of the heat smoke in spiral pusher destructive distillation device, internal heating type rotary kiln device raw coal low temperature is have matched well Low temperature distillation process in the raw coal of retort process and external heating type spiral pusher destructive distillation device, solves in addition and well dust With the separation problem of tar, the clean and effective for having reached pulverized coal pyrolysis utilizes, and synthesis improves low temperature distillation efficiency in fine coal.

Brief description of the drawings

Accompanying drawing 1 is pyrolysis of coal performance diagram；

Accompanying drawing 2 is that low temperature fine coal temperature divides distillation system in the interior external-heat of the present invention as the first preferred embodiment Structure chart；

Accompanying drawing 3 and accompanying drawing 4 are low temperature fine coal temperature point in the interior external-heat of the present invention as the second preferred embodiment The structure chart of distillation system；

Accompanying drawing 5 is that low temperature fine coal temperature divides distillation system in the interior external-heat of the present invention as the 3rd preferred embodiment In middle spiral pusher outside low temperature hot destructive distillation device section facing structure figure；

Accompanying drawing 6 is the overlooking structure figure of hot destructive distillation device outside low temperature in spiral pusher shown in accompanying drawing 5；

Accompanying drawing 7 is the side block diagram of hot destructive distillation device outside low temperature in spiral pusher shown in accompanying drawing 5；

Accompanying drawing 8 is that low temperature fine coal temperature divides interior hot rotary kiln destructive distillation device edge in distillation system in interior external-heat of the present invention A-A sectional structure chart；

Accompanying drawing 9 is that low temperature fine coal temperature divides interior hot rotary kiln destructive distillation device edge in distillation system in interior external-heat of the present invention B-B sectional structure chart；

Accompanying drawing 10 is that low temperature fine coal temperature divides interior hot rotary kiln destructive distillation device in distillation system in interior external-heat of the present invention Along D-D sectional structure chart；

The implication of each reference is as follows in figure：

Hot destructive distillation device outside low temperature in 100- spiral pushers, hot rotary kiln destructive distillation device in 200-low temperature, in 300- medium temperatures Hot rotary kiln destructive distillation device；

101- combustion chambers, 102- spiral pusher destructive distillation room, 103- rotary shafts, 104- helical blades, 105- discharge flues, 106- spiral pusher drive devices, 107- fore bearing support bases, bearing support block after 108-, 109- cracking gas collecting chambers, 110- Adiabatic wall, 111- cracking gas collecting pipes, 112- helix transporting devices, hubcap after 113-, 114- feeding warehouses, 115- discharging bins, 116- igniters, 117- gas approach, 118- exhanst gas outlets, 119,120- more barrels series connection feed bins；

201- cylinder of rotary kiln, 202- revolving support seats, 203- rotary kiln charging apertures, 204- rotary kiln air exits, 205- rotary kiln drive devices, 206- rotary kiln discharging openings, 207- rotary kiln gas approach, 208- flue gas blower fans, heat in 209- Flue gas supply pipe；

301- cylinder of rotary kiln, 303- revolving support seats, 303- rotary kiln charging apertures, 304- rotary kiln air exits, 305- rotary kiln drive devices, 306- rotary kiln discharging openings, 307- rotary kiln gas approach, heat smoke supply pipe in 308-；

1- feeding warehouses, 2- cracking gas collecting pipes, 3- combustion chambers, destructive distillation room on 4- spiral pushers, destructive distillation under 5- spiral pushers Room, 6- discharging bins, 7- fore bearing support bases, bearing support block after 8-, 9- helix transporting devices, 10- cracking gas collecting chambers, 11- Spiral pusher drive device, 12- igniters, 13- material connecting legs, 14- adiabatic walls, 15- discharge flues, 16- fuel supply rooms, 17- fuel supply pipe, 18- rotary shafts, 19- helical blades, 20- charging apertures, 21- gas outlets, 22- discharging openings, 23- destructive distillation room Outer wall, hubcap after 24-.

Embodiment

Technical scheme is described in detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, so that those skilled in the art can be more Add and be clearly understood from the present invention, but therefore do not limit the scope of the invention.

The present invention summarizes by long-term industrial practice, pioneering based on raw coal pyrolysis characteristicses, by raw coal according to humidity province Between carry out segmentation destructive distillation（Pyrolysis of coal temperature divides retorting technique）, and innovate proposition and can realize that this raw coal pyrolysis temperature divides retorting technique Can Industry Promotion equipment.Accompanying drawing 1 gives the pyrolysis characteristicses curve of certain low-order coal, the pyrolysis change procedure of most coals with The pyrolysis characteristicses curves, it can be seen that during low-order coal is heated to 1000 DEG C by normal temperature, there are three weightless peaks （The wave trough position of lines is surveyed in figure）：First weightless peak is dehydration peak, in 20 ~ 380 DEG C of temperature range, is preferably existed 20-180 DEG C of temperature range is dehydrated；Second weightless peak is middle low temperature pyrogenation peak, in 380 ~ 550 DEG C of temperature range； 3rd weightless peak is that medium temperature is pyrolyzed peak, in 550 ~ 700 DEG C of temperature range.It can be seen that three ranks occur in coal in heating process The weightlessness of section, that is, the pyrogenation and carbonization of three phases occurs：In the first destructive distillation stage, belong to the raw coal low temperature distillation stage, do Evaporate temperature to be heated to by normal temperature near the initial temperature of the second weightless peak, verified with reference to lot of experiments, the temperature in the first destructive distillation stage Scope is spent between 20 ~ 380 DEG C of room temperature, and preferably 20 ~ 320 DEG C, the first destructive distillation stage was mainly used in preheating raw coal, is dehydrated With part destructive distillation, it is seldom to be pyrolyzed the volatile matter of precipitation at this stage, and weightlessness is mainly caused by dehydration, by the stage mainly to original Coal is dehydrated and the pre-heat treatment, and wherein destructive distillation gaseous products are mainly CH₄、H₂O、N₂、CO₂, after solid product mainly preheats Raw coal and small part Pyrolysis Char；In the second destructive distillation stage, belong to the low temperature distillation stage in raw coal, temperature range is second weightless Temperature range where peak, verify that the temperature range in the second destructive distillation stage is between 380 ~ 550 DEG C, the rank with reference to lot of experiments Section is the raw coal weightless larger stage, belongs to the Main Stage of middle low temperature distillation, and coal starts to soften at this stage, and volatile matter is especially It is that tar largely separates out, the gradual retrogradation of solid product, is cured as semicoke, wherein destructive distillation gaseous products is mainly CH₄、C_mH_n、H₂、 CO、CO₂, substantial amounts of tar is sucked out in a gaseous form, and destructive distillation solid product is mainly semicoke；The 3rd destructive distillation stage, in belonging to In the warm destructive distillation stage, corresponding to the 3rd weightless peak, verified with reference to lot of experiments, the temperature range in the 3rd destructive distillation stage at 550 DEG C extremely Between 700 DEG C, preferably between 580 ~ 700 DEG C, more preferably between 600 ~ 700 DEG C, at this stage, tar separates out pole It is few, mainly separate out H₂, the further contracting of semicoke, wherein destructive distillation gaseous products are mainly CO, CO₂、H₂, gaseous hydrocarbon, destructive distillation solid-state production Thing is mainly the semicoke after further concentration.The temperature range in different destructive distillation stages may be slightly overlapping.It is further preferred that Especially for shenfu coal, wherein the temperature range in the first destructive distillation stage is 20 ~ 320 DEG C, dehydration peak temperature is 59.4 DEG C, heat It is 320.0 DEG C to solve starting point temperature；The temperature range in the second destructive distillation stage is 400 ~ 510 DEG C, and destructive distillation peak temperature is 430.7 ℃；The temperature range in the 3rd destructive distillation stage is 600 ~ 700 DEG C, and medium temperature pyrolysis peak temperature is 651.2 DEG C, the pyrolysis at a temperature of this In product, tar content is few, mainly separates out H₂, the further contracting of semicoke.

Coal temperature proposed by the present invention divides distillation system to combine hot destructive distillation device and Nei Re revolution outside spiral pusher by innovation Kiln drying distillation unit, solves the technology of multistage temperature destructive distillation simultaneously, and applicant passes through long-term industrial practice experience, summarizes biography The working characteristics of hot destructive distillation device outside the spiral pusher that system rotary kiln and applicant create certainly, and take into full account above-mentioned pyrolysis of coal process Three stage features, pioneering be combined together hot destructive distillation device outside spiral pusher and Nei Re rotary kiln destructive distillation devices realize Efficient fine coal temperature divides destructive distillation.Basic Innovation Theory is：First destructive distillation stage used low temperature internal heating type rotary kiln Low temperature external heating type spiral pusher destructive distillation device during device, the second destructive distillation stage use, is turned round by innovative combination internal heating type Kiln device and external heating type spiral pusher destructive distillation device, realize raw coal efficiently middle low temperature pyrogenation destructive distillation, and raw coal is sent into interior add Heating revolving kiln device, interior mode of heating is based in rotary kiln（The mode of heating that hot blast directly contacts with coal）Can be quickly Raw coal is preheating to the initial temperature in the second destructive distillation stage from normal temperature, while efficient raw coal is realized in interior heating revolving kiln Dehydration so that the coal sample after first stage rotary kiln low temperature distillation can be good at the low temperature suitable for second stage and do Evaporate, while vapor, N in raw coal₂And dust is directly collected from rotary kiln gas outlet so that into the original of next stage Expect to can be good at the heated destructive distillation coal for middle low temperature distillation after removing dust, dehydration, drying process, while in rotary kiln Interior thermal source is directed to external heating type spiral pusher destructive distillation device China and foreign countries' heat extraction flue gas, not only substantially increases recycle heat Utilization ratio, and the heat smoke arranged outside external heating type spiral pusher destructive distillation device is when reaching in internal heat type rotary kiln by the road, Its temperature has declined relative to its temperature in spiral pusher destructive distillation device combustion chamber, meets rotary kiln destructive distillation device just As hot temperature requirements in the first destructive distillation stage, the circulating flue gas temperature can make the original in rotary kiln just in rotary kiln Coal is heated to the first pyrolysis temperature section between 20 ~ 380 DEG C, so as to recycle the same of heat extraction flue gas outside the second destructive distillation stage When, realize to hot destructive distillation in the rotary kiln first stage, raw coal dehydration, drying carried out in rotary kiln with higher efficiency, While the heat smoke is arranged in the middle part of through cylinder of rotary kiln to outside rotary kiln air exit simultaneously, fully take away former in rotary kiln Dust in coal, the purpose of dust removal of pneumatic separation is reached, and then the raw coal into spiral pusher destructive distillation device substantially will not There is dust precipitation, so as to which dust content is extremely low in caused raw coke oven gas, tar, calorific value after spiral pusher destructive distillation device destructive distillation It is higher, it ensure that the quality of coke tar largely separated out.And external heating type spiral pusher destructive distillation device therein is also that applicant initiates A kind of brand new external-heat destructive distillation device, introduce helix transporting device by being innovated in dry distillation of coal device and realize pair The steady propulsion of raw coal, and combustion product gases are substantially increased into the additional thermal efficiency through helix transporting device, especially by wound New multiple spiral pusher destructive distillation rooms in parallel ensure that dry distillation efficiency and yield.Applicant passes through this external heating type spiral shell of innovative combination Pusher destructive distillation device and internal heating type rotary kiln device are revolved, that is, takes full advantage of that preheating in rotary kiln is fast, dewatering efficiency is high, dedusting is thorough The particular advantages at bottom, the discharged gas fume of spiral pusher destructive distillation device has been recycled again, while based on the heat smoke of innovation arrangement Outer row path in spiral pusher destructive distillation device, internal heating type rotary kiln device raw coal low temperature distillation process is have matched well With low temperature distillation process in the raw coal of external heating type spiral pusher destructive distillation device, middle low temperature distillation efficiency is substantially increased.This hair In the bright medium temperature carbonization stage for further contemplating higher temperature, introduce medium temperature internal heat type rotary kiln destructive distillation device and carry out the phase III Medium temperature carbonization, the solid product of the external heating type spiral pusher destructive distillation device of second stage（Semicoke）Export to medium temperature internal heat type Rotary kiln destructive distillation device, then in medium temperature pyrolysis temperature section（It is preferred that 550 DEG C to 700 DEG C）Progress medium temperature pyrolysis, precipitation CO, CO₂With substantial amounts of H₂, gaseous hydrocarbon, and semicoke is further concentrated.The medium temperature carbonization of phase III belongs to be created in the present invention Preferred process on new concept, it is optional when the semicoke after needing centering low temperature distillation carries out further concentration The output end selected in spiral pusher destructive distillation device connects the medium temperature internal heat type rotary kiln destructive distillation device.

Any retorting technique for dividing destructive distillation thinking to realize based on above-mentioned temperature proposed by the present invention belongs to the protection of the present invention Category, realize that the above-mentioned temperature point retort process of the present invention has a variety of preferred embodiments, be given below several as preferred real Concrete composition structure, material transmittance process and the course of work that mode middle low temperature coal temperature of the present invention divides destructive distillation device are applied, But the invention is not limited in this, those skilled in the art can set more not equalities of temperature on the basis of the innovation thinking of the present invention The destructive distillation device of section and the combination of other equipment are spent, these are belonged within the protection category of the present invention.

First preferred embodiment

As shown in Figure 2, low temperature fine coal temperature divides distillation system to include middle low temperature in described interior external-heat of the invention External-heat spiral pusher destructive distillation device 100 and low temperature internal heat type rotary kiln destructive distillation device 200, the low temperature internal heat type turn round kiln drying Distillation unit 200 includes cylinder of rotary kiln 201, revolving support seat 202, rotary kiln drive device 205, flue gas blower fan 208 and Nei Re Flue gas supply pipe 209, described cylinder of rotary kiln 201 have a cylinder-like structure, space of the cylinder interior as interior hot destructive distillation, The rear end face of cylinder of rotary kiln 201 is formed with rotary kiln gas approach 207, and as shown in Figure 8, the cylinder of rotary kiln 201 is logical The rolling support of revolving support seat 202 is crossed, as shown in accompanying drawing 9 and 10, the rotary kiln drive device 205 drives cylinder of rotary kiln 201 are rotated on revolving support seat 202, so as to which the process rotated in cylinder of rotary kiln is that the stirring for realizing internal coal charge pushes away Enter.The front end of the cylinder of rotary kiln 201 offers rotary kiln air exit 204, for by the heat smoke in cylinder of rotary kiln And the discharge of carbonizing gas product, dust, rotary kiln charging aperture 203 are arranged at the front end of cylinder of rotary kiln, raw coal passes through revolution Kiln charging aperture 203 enters in cylinder of rotary kiln, and rotary kiln discharging opening 206 is offered in the rear end bottom of cylinder of rotary kiln, through returning Rotary kiln preheats discharges with the solid product after destructive distillation through rotary kiln discharging opening 206.The rotary kiln destructive distillation device uses existing skill Rotary kiln in art, emphasis of other specific structural features not as the present invention.To ensure that the rotary kiln through rotary kiln front end enters The raw coal that material mouth 203 inputs can smoothly carry out the rear end to cylinder of rotary kiln, the present invention in cylinder of rotary kiln rotation process The front end by cylinder of rotary kiln of innovation tilts slightly upward（Angle of inclination is between 0-20 °）, heat smoke is from rotary kiln rear end It is opposite with raw coal direction of propulsion with the thermal efficiency in raising into cylinder, the solid product after cylinder of rotary kiln preheats destructive distillation Low tempexature external heating spiral pusher destructive distillation device 100 is expelled to downwards through its rotary kiln discharging opening 206.

Described low tempexature external heating spiral pusher destructive distillation device 100 includes combustion chamber 101, spiral pusher destructive distillation room 102, spiral shell Revolve conveying device 112, spiral pusher drive device 106, bearing support block, cracking gas collecting chamber 109, cracking gas collecting pipe 111, Feeding warehouse 114, discharging bin 115, igniter 116 and fuel supply device, the spiral pusher destructive distillation room 102 are carried out as coal The reaction compartment of hot destructive distillation outside middle low temperature, the spiral pusher destructive distillation room 102 is completely set up inside the combustion chamber 101, and The heat transfer space of sealing, the combustion chamber 101 are formed between the outer wall of spiral pusher destructive distillation room 102 and the inwall of combustion chamber 101 Enclosed construction is formed by adiabatic wall 14, offered on the rear end face and top surface, bottom surface in combustion chamber for rotary shaft and correlation The opening that pipeline passes through, but Hermetical connecting structure is formed between the adiabatic wall of combustion chamber and rotary shaft and associated pipe, ensure The adiabatic sealing property of whole combustion chamber 101.The spiral pusher destructive distillation room 102 is fixedly installed in combustion chamber 101, the spiral shell It is preferably cylindrical structure to revolve pusher destructive distillation room 102, and the rearward end of cylinder is sealingly fastened in the rear end face of combustion chamber 101, in cylinder Lateral wall and combustion chamber internal face between form the heat exchange space of closing.Spiral pusher destructive distillation room 102 is close to rear end Charging aperture has been upwardly formed in side wall, feeding warehouse 114 is sealedly connected with the charging aperture, the top surface of the combustion chamber opens up There is the opening passed through for feeding warehouse 114, and be tightly connected between the top surface of the combustion chamber and the feeding warehouse, so as to pass through Feeding warehouse is stated coal charge can be provided to spiral pusher destructive distillation room 102 outside combustion chamber.In the spiral pusher destructive distillation room 102 Discharging opening has been formed down in the side wall of front end, discharging bin 115, the combustion chamber are sealedly connected with the discharging opening Bottom surface offer and confess the opening that feed bin 115 passes through, and be tightly connected between the bottom surface of the combustion chamber and the discharging bin, So as to which the destructive distillation product in destructive distillation room can be sent to outside combustion chamber by the discharging bin.In the combustion chamber 101, in The outer wall surface of spiral pusher destructive distillation room 102 is fixedly installed cracking gas collecting chamber 109, and the cracking gas collecting chamber 109 is preferable Sealing welding is in the cylindrical outer wall surface of the spiral pusher destructive distillation room 102, and the top in the face of cylinder, preferably dry Evaporate cuboid chamber structure or annular cavity type cell structure that ceiling portion extends along destructive distillation chamber axial direction.The cracking gas collecting chamber Connected with spiral pusher destructive distillation room, cracking gas collecting chamber is sealedly connected with cracking gas collecting pipe 111, the cracking gas collecting pipe 111 stretch out in outside combustion chamber 101 upwards, and form Hermetical connecting structure between the cracking gas collecting pipe 111 and combustion chamber, So as to oil gas caused by spiral pusher destructive distillation chamber interior destructive distillation（Tar, pyrolysis gas etc.）Collected through cracking gas collecting chamber, go forward side by side one Step is exported to outside combustion chamber through cracking gas collecting pipe, realizes the extraction of destructive distillation oil gas.The described bodily form of cracking gas collecting chamber one Into or sealing welding on spiral pusher destructive distillation room, ensure that the high sealing between destructive distillation room is connected, prevented cracking gas and spilt Possibility in combustion chamber, while cracking gas collecting chamber is in together in combustion chamber with destructive distillation room and ensure that oil gas caused by destructive distillation Can smoothly it export in a gaseous form.The helix transporting device 112 is arranged in the spiral pusher destructive distillation room 102, and is wrapped Include rotary shaft 103 and the helical blade 104 being fixedly installed in rotary shaft 103, the helical blade 104 is along the rotary shaft 103 length forms helical duct, and the preferable helical blade can use entity spiral face, belt type spiral face, blade screw Face or tooth form helicoid structure.2-5 millis are left between the outward flange of the helical blade 104 and the inwall of spiral pusher destructive distillation room The gap of rice, the gap is that applicant comes out when spiral pusher mechanism is applied into pyrolysis of coal field by long-term Test Summary Can either ensure realize the coal charge of destructive distillation room it is stable promote, and can enough prevents the stuck innovation gap size of helical blade.Institute Helical blade 104 is stated only to be arranged in the rotary shaft 103 in the spiral pusher destructive distillation chamber interior, the rotary shaft 103 Both ends are stretched out in outside the spiral pusher destructive distillation room.The front end of the specific rotary shaft 103 stretches out in spiral pusher destructive distillation Outside room 102, but within the combustion chamber 101, the front end of rotary shaft 103 rolling support in front of the destructive distillation room of combustion chamber In on fore bearing support base 107, the fore bearing support base 107 is arranged in combustion chamber.The rear end of the rotary shaft 103 is stretched out Outside the spiral pusher destructive distillation room and combustion chamber, and in rear combustion chamber rolling support on rear bearing support block 108, institute State rear bearing support block 108 to be in outside combustion chamber, the fore bearing support base 107 and rear bearing support block 108 are rotary shaft Rotation provide bearings.Rotary seal knot is formed between the rear and front end of the rotary shaft 103 and spiral pusher destructive distillation room Rotary seal knot is set respectively between structure, the rear and front end port of specific spiral pusher destructive distillation room and rotary shaft therebetween through Structure, the rotational sealing structure form highly dense seal structure while ensureing that rotary shaft can be rotated freely to destructive distillation chamber interior, The preferable rotational sealing structure can use resistant to elevated temperatures sealing brush or other stop sealing changes mechanism.The rotation The rear end of axle 103 is connected to spiral pusher drive device 106, and the preferable shaft rear end that rotates is connected in spiral shell by feed belt The output revolving shaft of pusher drive device 106 is revolved, so as to drive rotary shaft to be done in spiral pusher by spiral pusher drive device 106 Indoor rotation is evaporated, and then drives the helical blade in rotary shaft to rotate, and the rotation of helical blade then promotes the coal in destructive distillation room Material is promoted along spiral path.Described combustion chamber 101 is internal spiral pusher destructive distillation room by way of fuel combustion Carry out external heat, the underrun pipeline of the combustion chamber is connected to fuel supply device, and fuel supply device is to the burning Indoor offer fuel, and the combustion chamber is provided with igniter 116, such fuel in the position of connection fuel supply device When feeding mechanism is provided fuel into combustion chamber, it will be burnt under the ignition action of igniter in combustion chamber, so as to Thermal source is provided for spiral pusher destructive distillation room.Set in the rotary shaft 103 of helix transporting device 112 in the spiral pusher destructive distillation room Discharge flue 105 is equipped with, preferably forms front and rear penetrating hollow channel as discharge flue along the central axis of rotary shaft 105, the front opening of discharge flue is directly communicates with combustion chamber, rotary shaft as gas approach 117 in such rotary shaft The open rearward end of interior discharge flue is connected to the low temperature internal heat type rotary kiln destructive distillation as exhanst gas outlet 118 outside combustion chamber The flue gas input of interior heat smoke supply pipe 209 in device, ensure discharge flue and interior by the rear hubcap 113 of rotary shaft The communication seals of heat smoke supply pipe 209（It is aftermentioned）, the flue gas output end of interior heat smoke supply pipe 209 is connected in low temperature hot The cylinder of rotary kiln of formula rotary kiln destructive distillation device, so as to which the combustion product gases in the combustion chamber 101 are internally done to spiral pusher Evaporate after room heated, exported through discharge flue 105 and interior heat smoke supply pipe 209 to cylinder of rotary kiln 201, to rotary kiln Raw coal in cylinder carries out first stage destructive distillation heating.Be provided with the interior heat smoke supply pipe 209 flue gas blower fan 208 with Adjust flue gas flow.The rotary kiln discharging opening 206 in the low temperature internal heat type rotary kiln destructive distillation device 200 is connected to described simultaneously Feeding warehouse 114 in middle low tempexature external heating spiral pusher destructive distillation device 100, it is further preferred in the He of rotary kiln discharging opening 206 More barrels series connection feed bins 120 are set between feeding warehouse 114, to prevent the pyrolysis oil gas in destructive distillation room through feeding warehouse 114 to enterprising Enter cylinder of rotary kiln, and avoid air from being downwardly into spiral pusher destructive distillation room through rotary kiln discharging opening.So pass through the present invention's This setup, the heat smoke in low tempexature external heating spiral pusher destructive distillation device in combustion chamber is in combustion chamber after heat cycles Through output inside rotary shaft to cylinder of rotary kiln, flue gas meets that the interior hot temperature of cylinder of rotary kiln will just after conducting by the road Ask, the efficient circulation for realizing combustion product gases utilizes, while this transmission of combustion product gases is to the rotary shaft of destructive distillation chamber interior Heated so that the coal charge in destructive distillation room along helical orbit when promoting, while by the outside of helical orbit The conduction heating on the rotary shaft surface on the inside of the conduction heating and helical orbit of destructive distillation chamber outer wall, substantially increases external-heat destructive distillation The efficiency of heating surface, and improve to promoting the heating uniformity of coal charge, and then substantially increase dry distillation efficiency.

Low temperature fine coal temperature divides the specific work process of distillation system to be in interior external-heat described in present embodiment：Raw coal is through low The rotary kiln charging aperture 203 of the warm front end of internal heating type rotary kiln device 200 enters in cylinder of rotary kiln 201, in cylinder of rotary kiln Rotation under raw coal by cylinder of rotary kiln front end to the back-end promote, from middle low tempexature external heating spiral pusher destructive distillation device 100 Heat smoke enter through interior heat smoke supply pipe 209 from rotary kiln rear end in cylinder of rotary kiln, with the direction of propulsion of raw coal on the contrary, So as to which raw coal quickly is preheating into low temperature rank in second stage from normal temperature based on mode of heating in flue gas in cylinder of rotary kiln The initial temperature of section, the efficient fast dewatering of raw coal, part raw coal are realized in cylinder of rotary kiln based on hot mode in flue gas Even destructive distillation into semicoke, while heat smoke is opposite with raw coal direction of propulsion can be by the dust in raw coal before cylinder of rotary kiln End blowout, drying and dehydrating, dedusting and the preheating of raw coal are finally realized in a manner of efficient, quick, eventually passes through dehydration, dedusting Low tempexature external heating spiral pusher is done in the rotary kiln discharging opening 206 of cylinder of rotary kiln rear end is downwardly into the destructive distillation coal of preheating The feeding warehouse 114 of distillation unit 100, enter through feeding warehouse 114 in spiral pusher destructive distillation room 102, the fuel such as raw coke oven gas, oxygen provides In to combustion chamber and ignition, the combustion product gases in combustion chamber directly heat to spiral pusher destructive distillation chamber outer wall, simultaneously Heat smoke in combustion chamber passes through the inside of rotary shaft in spiral pusher destructive distillation room so that destructive distillation coal is in spiral pusher destructive distillation room Flow to the rear end of destructive distillation room from right to left under the impetus of helix transporting device, and destructive distillation coal in destructive distillation room along spiral During track moves, uniformly turned by the inside of the conduction heating and helical orbit of the destructive distillation chamber outer wall on the outside of helical orbit The conduction heating on moving axis surface, and carbonization decomposition reaction is carried out under high-efficiency heating environment, caused gaseous material is by cracking Gas collecting chamber is collected, and is outwards conveyed by cracking gas collecting pipe, discharging bin discharge of the caused solid-state semicoke through destructive distillation room rear end, Complete the middle low temperature distillation of fine coal.The heat smoke in combustion chamber is through the discharge flue 105 inside rotary shaft and interior heat smoke simultaneously Supply pipe 209 is provided to the cylinder of rotary kiln of foregoing low temperature internal heating type rotary kiln device 200, the heat smoke warp in combustion chamber When crossing in the pipeline arrival internal heat type rotary kiln, its temperature has declined, and meets rotary kiln destructive distillation device as first just The interior hot temperature requirements in destructive distillation stage, so that the circulating flue gas temperature can make the original in rotary kiln just in rotary kiln Coal is heated to the first pyrolysis temperature section between 20 ~ 380 DEG C, so as to recycle the same of heat extraction flue gas outside the second destructive distillation stage When, realize the efficient interior hot destructive distillation to the rotary kiln first stage, and carried out in rotary kiln with higher efficiency raw coal dehydration, Dry, dedusting, ensure that the quality into the destructive distillation coal in spiral pusher destructive distillation device, the middle low temperature of raw coal is completed in so circulation Retort process.Because thermal source is directed to external heating type spiral pusher destructive distillation device China and foreign countries' heat extraction cigarette in rotary kiln Gas, recycle heat utilization ratio is substantially increased, while outer heat extraction flue gas meets the interior hot temperature requirement of rotary kiln, realizes Efficient preheating, drying and the dedusting of raw coal, and cause the tar of spiral pusher destructive distillation device destructive distillation precipitation, raw coke oven gas calorific value very It is good, ensure that destructive distillation quality, while based on screw propulsion material mode realize destructive distillation coal it is outer pick into, improve propulsive efficiency, And mode of heating improves the middle low temperature distillation efficiency of heating surface simultaneously based on outer wall in destructive distillation room, middle low temperature distillation effect is finally improved Rate.Applicant is by this external heating type spiral pusher destructive distillation device of innovative combination and internal heating type rotary kiln device, i.e., abundant It make use of that preheating in rotary kiln is fast, dewatering efficiency is high, dedusting thoroughly particular advantages, recycled spiral pusher destructive distillation device again Discharged gas fume, while based on outer row path of the heat smoke in spiral pusher destructive distillation device of innovation arrangement, well matching Low temperature is done in the raw coal of internal heating type rotary kiln device raw coal low temperature distillation process and external heating type spiral pusher destructive distillation device Process is evaporated, substantially increases middle low temperature distillation efficiency.

Second preferred embodiment

Divide distillation system as low temperature fine coal temperature in the interior external-heat of the second preferred embodiment of the present invention, such as accompanying drawing 3 Shown in 4, in the middle He of low tempexature external heating spiral pusher destructive distillation device 100 of the first preferred embodiment shown in above-mentioned accompanying drawing 2 Further include medium temperature internal heat type rotary kiln destructive distillation device 300 on the basis of low temperature internal heat type rotary kiln destructive distillation device 200, The medium temperature internal heat type rotary kiln destructive distillation device 300 is connected to middle low tempexature external heating spiral pusher destructive distillation device 100, and second is preferred The composition of middle low tempexature external heating spiral pusher destructive distillation device 100 and low temperature internal heat type the rotary kiln destructive distillation device 200 of embodiment Structure and its course of work with it is identical in the first preferred embodiment shown in accompanying drawing 2, be not repeated to describe herein, i.e., The discharging for differing only in wherein middle low tempexature external heating spiral pusher destructive distillation device 100 of two embodiments and first embodiment Storehouse 115 is further connected to the rotary kiln charging aperture 303 of medium temperature internal heat type rotary kiln destructive distillation device 300, preferably through more material Cylinder series connection feed bin 119 connects.The structure of medium temperature internal heat type rotary kiln destructive distillation device 300 fills with the destructive distillation of low temperature internal heat type rotary kiln Put 200 structure it is identical, that is, include cylinder of rotary kiln 301, revolving support seat 302, rotary kiln drive device 305 and Nei Re cigarettes Gas supply pipe 308, the cylinder of rotary kiln 301 have cylinder-like structure, and cylinder interior is as interior hot destructive distillation space, rotary kiln cylinder The rear end of body 301 forms rotary kiln gas approach 307, the rolling support of cylinder of rotary kiln 301 on revolving support seat 302, And rotated under the driving of rotary kiln drive device 305, the front end of cylinder of rotary kiln 301 offers rotary kiln air exit 304, for the heat smoke in cylinder of rotary kiln and carbonizing gas product, dust to be discharged, rotary kiln charging aperture 303 is arranged at The front end of cylinder of rotary kiln, the semicoke from middle low tempexature external heating spiral pusher destructive distillation device 100 pass through rotary kiln charging aperture 303 Into in cylinder of rotary kiln, rotary kiln discharging opening 306 is offered in the rear end bottom of cylinder of rotary kiln, through rotary kiln medium temperature carbonization Semicoke after concentration is discharged through rotary kiln discharging opening 306.To ensure half of the input of rotary kiln charging aperture 303 through rotary kiln front end Jiao can smoothly carry out rear end to cylinder of rotary kiln in cylinder of rotary kiln rotation process, the present invention innovate by rotary kiln cylinder The front end of body tilts slightly upward（Angle of inclination is between 0-20 °）Set.Low temperature powder in interior external-heat in present embodiment Coal temperature divides distillation system to carry out low temperature, middle low temperature and medium temperature carbonization to raw coal simultaneously, as described above, raw coal enters in low temperature Preheated, dried below 400 DEG C after heating revolving kiln drying distillation unit 200, dedusting and part destructive distillation, the destructive distillation coal of formation are sent Enter into middle low tempexature external heating spiral pusher destructive distillation device the low temperature distillation in progress at a temperature of 380 ~ 550 DEG C, destructive distillation gaseous state Product CH₄、C_mH_n、H₂、CO、CO₂And a large amount of tar are precipitated and collected, the caused further medium temperature internal heat type of solid-state semicoke returns Rotary kiln destructive distillation device 300, by semicoke further contracting, and outwards defeated through discharging opening at a temperature of 550 ~ 700 DEG C of medium temperature carbonization Go out, while separate out CO, CO₂、H₂With the gaseous product such as gaseous hydrocarbon, the middle low temperature distillation of raw coal is completed.

In the second described preferred embodiment of the present invention, by middle low tempexature external heating spiral pusher destructive distillation device Medium temperature internal heat type rotary kiln destructive distillation device 300 is further connected on 100, the further concentration destructive distillation to semicoke is realized, realizes The thorough retort process of raw coal.Wherein internal heat type rotary kiln destructive distillation device 300 will meet 550 ~ 700 DEG C of medium temperature carbonization temperature, It is required that offer is higher to the flue-gas temperature in cylinder of rotary kiln, it can preferably pass through rotary kiln flue gas by the way of independent heat supply Import 307 is that cylinder of rotary kiln 301 provides heat smoke, also can be as shown in Figure 3, from middle low tempexature external heating spiral pusher destructive distillation Heat smoke supply pipe 308 is connected to the rotary kiln cigarette of cylinder of rotary kiln 301 in the charge combustion position extraction of the combustion chamber of device Gas import 307, so as to the high-temperature flue gas from combustion chambers burn position（About 800 DEG C）It is introduced directly into cylinder of rotary kiln 301 Interior, it disclosure satisfy that cylinder of rotary kiln realizes the interior heat smoke temperature conditionss of medium temperature carbonization, so whole middle low-temperature carbonization system In low temperature internal heat type rotary kiln destructive distillation device 200, middle low tempexature external heating spiral pusher destructive distillation device 100 and medium temperature internal heat type return Rotary kiln destructive distillation device 300 is interconnected into integrated system structure as shown in Figure 3, while heat fully circulates, according to three Individual temperature segmentation section has carried out efficient low temperature, middle low temperature and medium temperature carbonization to raw coal, while have collected not equality of temperature respectively Gas, tar and semicoke product under degree, realize gas, coal tar, semicoke and be utilized respectively, do compared to other existing coals Distillation unit has obvious with the obvious advantage, has good Industry Promotion prospect.

3rd preferred embodiment

The 3rd preferred embodiment of the present invention is in the preferred embodiment of the foregoing description first or the second preferred embodiment On the basis of further optimization design is carried out to middle low tempexature external heating spiral pusher destructive distillation device therein, it is hot in addition to middle low temperature The architectural feature and its course of work of other each several parts beyond formula spiral pusher destructive distillation device are all preferred with the foregoing description first Embodiment or the second preferred embodiment are identical, herein only Optimal improvements of centering low tempexature external heating spiral pusher destructive distillation device It is described, it is foregoing with the connected mode and cooperating process of rotary kiln destructive distillation device.

For present embodiment except the temperature segmentation raw coal retorting technique of the foregoing description, going back innovative design can be well with returning Rotary kiln coordinates the spiral pusher destructive distillation device for realizing that temperature divides destructive distillation, further provides this spiral pusher in the present embodiment and does The preferred innovation structure of distillation unit, it is with the main distinction of foregoing description spiral pusher destructive distillation device, in present embodiment Two spiral pusher destructive distillation rooms are devised simultaneously in spiral pusher destructive distillation device, i.e., on spiral pusher under destructive distillation room and spiral pusher Destructive distillation room, but the invention is not limited in this, those skilled in the art can set three on the basis of the innovation thinking of the present invention Destructive distillation room more than individual, this is belonged within the technology category of the present invention.As shown in accompanying drawing 5 to accompanying drawing 7, in present embodiment External-heat spiral pusher destructive distillation device include feeding warehouse 1, cracking gas collecting pipe 2, combustion chamber 3, destructive distillation room 4 on spiral pusher, Destructive distillation room 5, discharging bin 6, fore bearing support base 7, rear bearing support block 8, helix transporting device 9, cracking gas are received under spiral pusher Collect room 10, spiral pusher drive device 11, igniter 12, material connecting leg 13, fuel supply room 16 and fuel supply pipe 17.Institute Heat exchange space of the combustion chamber 3 stated as whole dry distillation of coal device, heat-seal space structure is formed as using heat-insulating material, it is excellent Choosing is formed for rectangular parallelepiped space structure, six sides of cuboid using adiabatic wall 14, the rear end face in the combustion chamber And the opening passed through for rotary shaft and associated pipe is offered on top surface, bottom surface, but the adiabatic wall of combustion chamber and rotary shaft with And Hermetical connecting structure is formed between associated pipe, ensure the adiabatic sealing property of whole combustion chamber 3.On described spiral pusher Destructive distillation room 4 is close with the structure of destructive distillation room 5 under spiral pusher, and may be contained within inside the combustion chamber 3, is done on the spiral pusher Evaporate the front/rear end for being fixed in combustion chamber side by side that destructive distillation room 5 under room 4 and spiral pusher is transversely parallel to each other in combustion chamber Between, and on spiral pusher destructive distillation room 4 relative to destructive distillation room 5 under spiral pusher vertically closer to the top surface of combustion chamber, it is described Destructive distillation room 5 preferably has penetrating cylinder-like structure, and the rearward end of cylinder under destructive distillation room 4 and spiral pusher on spiral pusher The rear end face of combustion chamber is sealingly fastened in, the heat exchange that closing is formed between the lateral wall and internal face of combustion chamber of cylinder is empty Between.Destructive distillation room 4 has been upwardly formed charging aperture 20 in the side wall of front end on spiral pusher, is sealed on the charging aperture 20 Be connected with feeding warehouse 1, the top surface of the combustion chamber offers the opening passed through for feeding warehouse 1, and the top surface of the combustion chamber with It is tightly connected between the feeding warehouse, is pushed away so as to be provided raw coal material to spiral outside combustion chamber by the feeding warehouse On material in destructive distillation room.Destructive distillation room 5 has been formed down discharging opening 22 in the side wall of front end under the spiral pusher, described Discharging bin 6 is sealedly connected with discharging opening 22, the bottom surface of the combustion chamber, which offers, confesses the opening that feed bin 6 passes through, and described It is tightly connected between the bottom surface of combustion chamber and the discharging bin, so as to be produced the destructive distillation in destructive distillation room by the discharging bin Thing is sent to outside combustion chamber.Pass through material connecting leg 13 between destructive distillation room 5 under destructive distillation room 4 and spiral pusher on described spiral pusher It is interconnected, specifically with reference to accompanying drawing 5 to accompanying drawing 7, the material connecting leg 13 is on spiral pusher under destructive distillation room 4 and spiral pusher The rear end of destructive distillation room 5 is nearby connected on spiral pusher under destructive distillation room 4 and spiral pusher between the side wall of destructive distillation room 5, is pushed away in spiral On material under destructive distillation room 4 and spiral pusher the rearward end of destructive distillation room 5 side wall upper shed, the material connecting leg 13 has front and rear penetrating Wedge structure, front and rear open end are sealedly attached on spiral pusher under destructive distillation room 4 and spiral pusher in the side wall of destructive distillation room 5 respectively Opening, preferably as shown in Figure 7, the bottom surface of the material connecting leg 13 simultaneously with destructive distillation room 4 and spiral pusher on spiral pusher The bottom cylindrical face of lower destructive distillation room 5 is tangent, and the top surface of the material connecting leg 13 is connected to destructive distillation room 4 and spiral on spiral pusher Under pusher the cylindrical side of the destructive distillation chamber outer wall 23 of destructive distillation room 5 correspond to horizontal diameter position, the two of the material connecting leg 13 Side wall is vertically connected at the cylindrical side of destructive distillation room 5 under destructive distillation room 4 and spiral pusher on spiral pusher.The material connecting leg 13 is close Envelope is connected on spiral pusher destructive distillation room 5 under destructive distillation room 4 and spiral pusher, while material transferring therebetween is realized, guarantee spiral shell Revolve the sealing under destructive distillation room 4 and spiral pusher inside destructive distillation room 5 in pusher.Pass through the spiral pusher of material connecting leg 13 Coal in upper destructive distillation room 4 is sent under spiral pusher in destructive distillation room from its bottom cylindrical face, realizes and destructive distillation room up and down is arranged side by side When material continuous transmission, the present invention this innovation thinking under the scope of, also can be by each destructive distillation when setting multiple destructive distillation rooms Room sets material communicating passage between each destructive distillation room to shift to install up and down with bottom surface tangential manner.The spiral pusher It is provided with cracking gas collecting chamber 10 under upper destructive distillation room 4 and spiral pusher outside destructive distillation room 5, the cracking gas collecting chamber 10 is along destructive distillation The cylindrical outer wall surface of room is set, and the top in the face of cylinder, and as shown in Figure 7, the cracking gas collecting chamber 10 is preferable For the cuboid chamber structure extended in destructive distillation ceiling portion along destructive distillation chamber axial direction, the top surface of cracking gas collecting chamber, end face and Side uses planar structure, the bottom surface of the cylindrical outer wall face of destructive distillation room as cracking gas collecting chamber；Or the cracking gas is collected Room is the annular cavity type cell structure being formed on the cylindrical outer wall surface of destructive distillation room, and end face, the side of cracking gas collecting chamber are plane Structure, the bottom surface of the cylindrical outer wall face of destructive distillation room as cracking gas collecting chamber, the top surface of cracking gas collecting chamber is and destructive distillation room is justified The coaxial arcwall face in column outer wall face.The cracking gas collecting chamber connects with destructive distillation room, is sealed on the top surface of cracking gas collecting chamber Cracking gas collecting pipe 2 is connected with, the cracking gas collecting pipe 2 stretches out in outside combustion chamber 3 upwards, and the cracking gas collecting pipe Hermetical connecting structure is formed between 2 and combustion chamber, so as under destructive distillation room 4 on spiral pusher and spiral pusher inside destructive distillation room 5 Coal caused oil gas after high-temperature retorting（Tar, pyrolysis gas etc.）Via destructive distillation under destructive distillation room 4 on spiral pusher and spiral pusher The cracking gas collecting chamber set on room 5 is collected, and is further exported via cracking gas collecting pipe 2 to outside combustion chamber 3, is realized The extraction of destructive distillation oil gas.The planform and its big I of the cracking gas collecting chamber determine according to oil and gas content, but above-mentioned knot Structure is optimum structure.The cracking gas collecting pipe 2 can be provided with more along cracking gas collecting chamber as needed, on spiral pusher Cracking gas collecting chamber under destructive distillation room 4 and spiral pusher outside destructive distillation room 5 can set two cracking gas collecting pipes respectively.Described splits Collecting chamber of venting one's spleen is integrally formed at（Welding）On destructive distillation room, it ensure that the high sealing between destructive distillation room is connected, prevented cracking gas The possibility leaked in combustion chamber, while cracking gas collecting chamber is in together in combustion chamber with destructive distillation room and ensure that caused by destructive distillation Oil gas can be exported smoothly in a gaseous form.

On described spiral pusher helix transporting device 9, institute are provided with destructive distillation room 4 and spiral pusher in destructive distillation room 5 State that helix transporting device 9 is identical with the foregoing description, i.e., including rotary shaft 18 and the helical-blade being fixedly installed in rotary shaft 18 Piece 19, length of the helical blade 19 along the rotary shaft form helical duct, and the preferable helical blade can use real Body helicoid, belt type spiral face, blade screw face or tooth form helicoid structure.The helix transporting device 9 is in upper and lower destructive distillation room The gap of 2-5 millimeters, the helical-blade are left between the inwall of the interior outward flange installed and cause helical blade 19 and destructive distillation room Piece 19 is only arranged in the rotary shaft 18 in the destructive distillation chamber interior, and the both ends of the rotary shaft 18 stretch out in the destructive distillation room Outside.The front end of the specific rotary shaft 18 is stretched out in outside destructive distillation room, but within combustion chamber, the front end of rotary shaft 18 exists For rolling support on fore bearing support base 7, the fore bearing support base 7 is arranged at combustion chamber in front of the destructive distillation room of combustion chamber It is interior.The rear end of the rotary shaft 18 is stretched out in outside the destructive distillation room and combustion chamber, and in rear combustion chamber rolling support in rear On bearing support block 8, the rear bearing support block 8 is in outside combustion chamber.The rotary shaft 18 and the rear and front end of destructive distillation room Between form rotational sealing structure, the rotational sealing structure is while ensureing that rotary shaft can be rotated freely in destructive distillation room Portion forms highly dense seal structure, can use resistant to elevated temperatures sealing brush or other stop sealing change mechanism.In upper and lower destructive distillation room The rear end of rotary shaft 18 be connected to spiral pusher drive device 11, be connected preferably through feed belt in spiral pusher The output revolving shaft of drive device 11, so as to drive rotary shaft to be rotated in destructive distillation room by spiral pusher drive device 11, and then The helical blade in rotary shaft is driven to rotate, and the rotation of helical blade then promotes the coal charge in destructive distillation room to be carried out along spiral path Promote.Rotary shaft on the spiral pusher being arranged side by side in the present invention under destructive distillation room and spiral pusher in destructive distillation room can individually or together Step controls, and the hand of spiral of helical blade can be in the same direction or oppositely arranged in rotary shaft.When the spiral shell in upper and lower destructive distillation room in rotary shaft When the hand of spiral of vane piece is identical, done under the rotation direction and spiral pusher of the rotary shaft on control spiral pusher in destructive distillation room The rotation direction of the rotary shaft of interior is evaporated on the contrary, when the hand of spiral of the helical blade in upper and lower destructive distillation room in rotary shaft is opposite When, control the rotary shaft up and down in destructive distillation room synchronously to rotate in same direction, to ensure coal charge destructive distillation room front top from spiral pusher Feeding warehouse enter on spiral pusher in destructive distillation room after, be advanced into spiral shell backward along spiral path under the rotary action of its rotary shaft The rear end of destructive distillation room in pusher is revolved, destructive distillation room under spiral pusher is then entered by material connecting leg 13, then done under spiral pusher The front end of destructive distillation room under being pushed ahead under the rotary action of indoor rotary shaft along spiral path to spiral pusher is evaporated, and is pushed away from spiral The discharging bin discharge of the lower destructive distillation room front end of material, realizes the steady conveying of material.

Described combustion chamber 3 carries out external heat by way of fuel combustion for internal destructive distillation room as previously described, excellent The bottom surface of the combustion chamber of choosing enters one to fuel supply pipe 17, the fuel supply pipe 17 is externally connected with outside combustion chamber Step is connected to fuel supply room 16, and the fuel supply room 16 is provided by the fuel supply pipe 17 into the combustion chamber Fuel, the combustion chamber 3 is interior to be provided with igniter 12 in the position of connection fuel supply pipe 17, so comes from fuel supply room When in entrance combustion chamber of 16 fuel through fuel supply pipe 17, fired under the ignition action of igniter in combustion chamber Burn, so as to provide thermal source for destructive distillation room.Preferable fuel supply room 16 provides raw coke oven gas and oxygen to combustion chamber, and both are firing Burn the heat transfer space after indoor mixing through igniting and between adiabatic wall 14 and destructive distillation chamber outer wall to be burnt, described raw coke oven gas can Gaseous product after destructive distillation oil vapor treatment, heat is provided for destructive distillation room using heat smoke caused by burning, realizes resource Recycle.Setting fuel supply pipe 17 can be connected in combustion chamber bottom surface many places and igniter is set as needed.In spiral Discharge flue 15 is respectively provided with the rotary shaft 18 of helix transporting device in pusher under destructive distillation room and spiral pusher in destructive distillation room, it is excellent The central axis along rotary shaft of choosing forms hollow channel as discharge flue 15, and the front end of discharge flue is opened in such rotary shaft Mouth is directly communicates with combustion chamber, and the open rearward end of discharge flue is connected in the low temperature hot outside combustion chamber in rotary shaft The flue gas input of interior heat smoke supply pipe 209 in formula rotary kiln destructive distillation device, so as to the combustion product gases in combustion chamber There is provided to low temperature internal heat type and return through the discharge flue 15 in two rotary shafts after being heated in combustion chamber to destructive distillation chamber outer wall In the cylinder of rotary kiln of rotary kiln destructive distillation device.As depicted in figures 5 and 6, the end after rotary shaft stretching outside bearing support block 8 Hubcap 24 after portion is set, the rear hubcap 24 is covered on the rear end of rotary shaft and is connected with rear bearing support block 8, after described Hubcap 24 does not rotate together with rotary shaft, and between rear hubcap 24 and rotary shaft rearward end formed sealing enter cigarette sky Between, outlet flue, interior heat smoke supply are offered on the position of the back outlet of the rear face rotary shaft discharge flue of hubcap 24 Pipe 209 is connected on the outlet flue, so as to which cylinder of rotary kiln is communicated in combustion chamber by the sealing of interior heat smoke supply pipe 209 Portion.In present embodiment in addition to two spiral pusher destructive distillation rooms are arranged in parallel in spiral pusher destructive distillation device, other structures Feature and the course of work and the first preferred embodiment before, the second preferred embodiment it is identical, do not repeat to retouch herein State.

To sum up, the middle low temperature coal temperature that present invention innovation proposes divides retorting technique to be that applicant is total by long-term innovation experiment Bear what is come, can be good at being applied in fine coal in low temperature distillation, at least with following technological innovation feature and technique effect：

1）, the present invention is pioneering utilize raw coal pyrolysis characteristicses, by fine coal according to the triphasic temperature of pyrolysis characteristicses curve progress Split destructive distillation（Pyrolysis of coal temperature divides retorting technique）：First stage is the fine coal low temperature distillation stage, and pyrolysis temperature is heated to by normal temperature Second pyrolysis weight loss peak initial temperature, for preferable temperature normal temperature between 380 DEG C, this section contains preheating and part destructive distillation, this section of gas Primary product is CH₄、H₂O、N₂、CO₂, solid product is the destructive distillation coal through dehydration, dedusting and the pre-heat treatment；Second stage is former Low temperature distillation stage in coal, temperature range are the second pyrolysis weight loss peak temperature section, between 380 ~ 550 DEG C of preferable temperature, this section Gaseous product is CH₄、C_mH_n、H₂、CO、CO₂, substantial amounts of tar, solid product is semicoke；Phase III is the medium temperature carbonization stage, Temperature range is that medium temperature is pyrolyzed peak value section, and between 550 DEG C to 700 DEG C of preferable temperature, this section of primary product is CO, CO₂、H₂, gas State hydrocarbon and semicoke.

4）, the combustion gas innovated in sharp rotary kiln of the present invention can take away dust in fine coal, reached the purpose of selection by winnowing, Fine coal after heating again prevent the precipitation of dust when entering external heat spiral pusher destructive distillation device so that spiral pusher destructive distillation Dust content is extremely low in the aborning raw coke oven gas of device, and calorific value is very high, and quality of coke tar is fine.

6）, the present invention pioneering spiral pusher destructive distillation device raw coal propulsioning means have been innovated based on screw propulsion material mode, Ensure that raw coal material being slowly advanced in destructive distillation and thermally equivalent, initiate be arranged in parallel in the combustion chamber of sealing two with On destructive distillation room, and directly the fore bearing support base of helical feed rotary shaft is built in combustion chamber, improved to greatest extent The closure of combustion chamber, and the material mode of communicating of destructive distillation room and lower spiral pusher mode in parallel are innovated, pass through directly general Combustion product gases are introduced in the rotary shaft of helix transporting device, and the coal sample in destructive distillation room is added by way of inside and outside heat transfer Heat, the efficiency of heating surface of outer hot destructive distillation is substantially increased, in addition by setting cracking gas to receive on the destructive distillation chamber outer wall in combustion chamber Acquisition means, oil gas caused by destructive distillation can be collected in time, low temperature in external-heat greatly improved in a novel manner Dry distillation efficiency.

It the above is only and the preferred embodiment of the present invention is described, technical scheme is not limited to This, any known deformation that those skilled in the art are made on the basis of the major technique design of the present invention belongs to the present invention Claimed technology category, the specific protection domain of the present invention are defined by the record of claims.

Claims

1. low temperature fine coal temperature divides distillation system in a kind of interior external-heat, it is characterised in that including：The outer heat of low temperature is dry in spiral pusher Distillation unit（100）With hot rotary kiln destructive distillation device in low temperature（200）, hot rotary kiln destructive distillation device in the low temperature（200）Including First cylinder of rotary kiln（201）, the first revolving support seat（202）With the first rotary kiln drive device（205）, first revolution Kiln drive device（205）Drive first cylinder of rotary kiln（201）In the first revolving support seat（202）On turned It is dynamic, first cylinder of rotary kiln（201）On formed with the first rotary kiln charging aperture（203）, the first rotary kiln air exit （204）, the first rotary kiln discharging opening（206）With the first rotary kiln gas approach（207）, the outer heat of low temperature is dry in the spiral pusher Distillation unit（100）Including：Combustion chamber（101）, spiral pusher destructive distillation room（102）, helix transporting device, cracking gas collection device and Spiral pusher drive device（106）, the cracking gas collection device and the spiral pusher destructive distillation room（102）It is connected, it is described Spiral pusher destructive distillation room（102）It is arranged at the combustion chamber（101）Interior, the helix transporting device is arranged at the spiral pusher Destructive distillation room（102）Interior, the spiral pusher drive device drives the helix transporting device in the spiral pusher destructive distillation room （102）Inside rotated, the helix transporting device（112）In be provided with discharge flue（105）, the discharge flue（105） Gas approach be in the combustion chamber, the discharge flue（105）Exhanst gas outlet and first cylinder of rotary kiln （201）It is connected, the spiral pusher destructive distillation room（102）On formed with charging aperture and discharging opening, first cylinder of rotary kiln （201）The first rotary kiln discharging opening（206）It is connected to the spiral pusher destructive distillation room（102）Charging aperture.

2. low temperature fine coal temperature divides distillation system in interior external-heat according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in the low temperature Hot rotary kiln destructive distillation device（200）Also include heat smoke supply pipe in first（209）, heat smoke supply pipe in described first （209）One end be connected to the first rotary kiln gas approach（207）, heat smoke supply pipe in described first（209）It is another One end is connected to the discharge flue（105）Exhanst gas outlet, the combustion chamber（101）Interior combustion product gases are logical through the smoke evacuation Road（105）With first in heat smoke supply pipe（209）It is expelled to first cylinder of rotary kiln（201）It is interior；First revolution Kiln charging aperture（203）With the first rotary kiln air exit（204）It is formed at first cylinder of rotary kiln（201）One end, institute State the first rotary kiln discharging opening（206）With the first rotary kiln gas approach（207）It is formed at first cylinder of rotary kiln（201） The other end.

3. low temperature fine coal temperature divides distillation system in interior external-heat according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the cracking gas Collection device includes cracking gas collecting chamber（109）With cracking gas collecting pipe（111）, the cracking gas collecting chamber（109）It is formed at The spiral pusher destructive distillation room（102）Outside wall surface on, and connected with the spiral pusher destructive distillation room, the cracking gas collecting chamber （109）With the spiral pusher destructive distillation room（102）It is in the combustion chamber together（101）It is interior, the combustion chamber（101）Be formed as close The heating space of envelope, the cracking gas collecting pipe（111）One end be communicated in the cracking gas collecting chamber（109）, the cracking Gas collecting pipe（111）The other end stretch out in the combustion chamber（101）Outside and be tightly connected with the adiabatic wall of the combustion chamber.

4. low temperature fine coal temperature divides distillation system in interior external-heat according to claim 2, it is characterised in that the spiral pushes away Hot destructive distillation device outside low temperature in material（100）Also include bearing support block, the spiral pusher destructive distillation room（102）Rear end fix Rear end face in the combustion chamber, and spiral pusher destructive distillation room（102）Sealing structure, the spiral shell are formed with the junction of combustion chamber Revolve pusher destructive distillation room（102）Front end be in the combustion chamber, the spiral pusher destructive distillation room（102）Outer wall and combustion chamber Inwall between form the heating space of sealing, the helix transporting device includes rotary shaft（103）And helical blade（104）, The helical blade（104）In spiral pusher destructive distillation room（102）Inside is arranged at the rotary shaft（103）On, and along rotary shaft （103）Axially in spiral pusher destructive distillation room（102）Interior formation helical duct, the rotary shaft（103）Both ends stretch out in it is described Spiral pusher destructive distillation room（102）Outside, the spiral pusher destructive distillation room（102）Both ends port and the rotary shaft between formed Rotational sealing structure, the rotary shaft（103）Both ends be supported on the bearing support block, the spiral pusher drive device It is connected in the end of the rotary shaft, the discharge flue（105）It is arranged in the rotary shaft and is pushed away with the spiral Expect destructive distillation room（102）It is isolated, the combustion chamber（101）With the discharge flue（105）Directly connect.

5. low temperature fine coal temperature divides distillation system in interior external-heat according to claim 4, it is characterised in that the bearing branch Support seat includes fore bearing support base（107）With rear bearing support block（108）, the rotary shaft（103）Rear end from the spiral Pusher destructive distillation room（102）Back-end ports stretch out in outside the combustion chamber, and the rotary shaft（103）Rear end in combustion chamber Rear rolling support after described bearing support block（108）On, the front end of the rotary shaft and the fore bearing support base （107）It is in the combustion chamber（101）Within, the rotary shaft（103）Front end in combustion chamber rolling support in described Fore bearing support base（107）On, the spiral pusher drive device（106）It is connected in the rotary shaft（103）Rear end, The discharge flue（105）For penetrating hollow channel before and after being formed along the rotary shaft central axis, the discharge flue （105）Gas approach the combustion chamber, the discharge flue are directly connected in the front end of rotary shaft（105）Exhanst gas outlet exist The rear end of rotary shaft and the interior heat smoke supply pipe（209）It is connected.

6. low temperature fine coal temperature divides distillation system in interior external-heat according to claim 2, it is characterised in that the spiral pushes away Hot destructive distillation device outside low temperature in material（100）Also include fuel supply room, fuel supply pipe, feeding warehouse（114）And discharging bin （115）, the fuel supply room is connected to the combustion chamber by the fuel supply pipe（101）, and the combustion chamber exists The position of connection fuel supply pipe is provided with igniter（116）；The charging is opened up at the top of the spiral pusher destructive distillation room Mouthful, the feeding warehouse（114）One end be connected to the charging aperture, the feeding warehouse（114）The other end stretch out in the combustion Burn room（101）Outside and be connected to hot rotary kiln destructive distillation device in the low temperature（200）In the first rotary kiln discharging opening （206）, the bottom of the spiral pusher destructive distillation room opens up the discharging opening, the discharging bin（115）One end be connected to it is described Discharging opening, the discharging bin（115）The other end stretch out in the combustion chamber（101）Outside.

7. low temperature fine coal temperature divides distillation system in the interior external-heat according to claim any one of 2-6, it is characterised in that institute State in spiral pusher hot destructive distillation device outside low temperature（100）In spiral pusher destructive distillation room（102）Including destructive distillation room on spiral pusher （4）With destructive distillation room under spiral pusher（5）, destructive distillation room on the spiral pusher（4）With destructive distillation room under spiral pusher（5）In the combustion Burn interior to be arranged side by side, destructive distillation room on the spiral pusher（4）With destructive distillation room under spiral pusher（5）Between pass through material connecting leg （13）It is interconnected, the destructive distillation room on spiral pusher（4）With destructive distillation room under spiral pusher（5）Inside it is provided with the helical feed Device, the destructive distillation room on spiral pusher（4）With destructive distillation room under spiral pusher（5）The cracking gas collection device is provided with outside.

8. low temperature fine coal temperature divides distillation system in interior external-heat according to claim 7, it is characterised in that the spiral pushes away Destructive distillation room on material（4）With destructive distillation room under spiral pusher（5）What is be parallel to each other in the combustion chamber is arranged side by side, and spiral pusher Upper destructive distillation room（4）Relative to destructive distillation room under spiral pusher（5）Closer to the top surface of combustion chamber, destructive distillation room on the spiral pusher （4）With destructive distillation room under spiral pusher（5）It is respectively provided with cylinder-like structure, destructive distillation room on the spiral pusher（4）The cylinder side of front end Offer charging aperture at the top of wall upwards, destructive distillation room under the spiral pusher（4）The cylinder side wall bottom of front end offers out downwards Material mouth, destructive distillation room on the spiral pusher（4）With destructive distillation room under spiral pusher（5）Connection is offered on the cylinder side wall of rear end Mouthful, the material connecting leg（13）Front and back end portses be connected to destructive distillation room on spiral pusher（4）With destructive distillation room under spiral pusher （5）Connected entrance, and material connecting leg（13）Bottom surface simultaneously with destructive distillation room on spiral pusher（4）With destructive distillation room under spiral pusher （5）Cylinder bottom surface it is tangent, destructive distillation room on the spiral pusher（4）With destructive distillation room under spiral pusher（5）Interior helical feed dress Put（9）Coal charge screw propulsion it is in opposite direction.

9. low temperature fine coal temperature divides distillation system in the interior external-heat according to claim any one of 2-6, it is characterised in that also Include hot rotary kiln destructive distillation device in medium temperature（300）, hot rotary kiln destructive distillation device in the medium temperature（300）Including the second revolution Kiln cylinder body（301）, the second revolving support seat（302）With the second rotary kiln drive device（305）, the second rotary kiln driving dress Put（305）Drive second cylinder of rotary kiln（301）In the second revolving support seat（302）On rotated, described Two-revolution kiln cylinder body（301）On formed with the second rotary kiln charging aperture（303）, the second rotary kiln air exit（304）, second time Rotary kiln discharging opening（306）With the second rotary kiln gas approach（307）, the second rotary kiln charging aperture（303）It is connected to described Hot destructive distillation device outside low temperature in spiral pusher（100）The discharging opening of middle spiral pusher destructive distillation room, the second rotary kiln flue gas enter Mouthful（307）It is connected to independent thermal source or hot destructive distillation device outside low temperature is connected in spiral pusher by pipeline（100）In combustion Burn room.

10. low temperature fine coal temperature divides distillation system low in carrying out in a kind of interior external-heat based on any one of claim 1-8 Warm fine coal temperature divides method for destructive distillation, it is characterised in that comprises the following steps：

（1）, fine coal is through hot rotary kiln destructive distillation device in low temperature（200）In the first rotary kiln charging aperture（203）Into first time Rotary kiln cylinder（201）It is interior；

（2）, outside low temperature in spiral pusher hot destructive distillation device（100）In combustion product gases by the first cylinder of rotary kiln（201） Interior fine coal is heated to 380 DEG C from room temperature, and fine coal is carried out internal heating low-temperature cracking in the temperature range, passes through low temperature distillation Fine coal is dehydrated, dried, dedusting, preheating and part destructive distillation processing, destructive distillation gaseous products and dust therein are via first Rotary kiln air exit（204）Discharge, solid product therein is through the first rotary kiln discharging opening（206）There is provided into spiral pusher Hot destructive distillation device outside low temperature（100）In spiral pusher destructive distillation room（102）It is interior；

（3）, into spiral pusher destructive distillation room（102）Interior fine coal along spiral path during promoting, by combustion chamber The conduction heating effect of combustion product gases, and hanker low temperature distillation outside progress within the temperature range of 380 DEG C to 550 DEG C, generation Destructive distillation gaseous products are collected via cracking gas collection device, and the destructive distillation solid product of generation discharges via discharging bin；

（4）, hot destructive distillation device outside low temperature in spiral pusher（100）Combustion product gases in middle combustion chamber are to spiral pusher destructive distillation room （102）Hot rotary kiln destructive distillation device in low temperature is directly output to after being heated（200）In the first cylinder of rotary kiln in.

A kind of 11. middle low temperature fine coal temperature for dividing distillation system to carry out based on low temperature fine coal temperature in interior external-heat described in claim 9 Divide method for destructive distillation, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：

（3）, into spiral pusher destructive distillation room（102）Interior fine coal along spiral path during promoting, by combustion chamber The conduction heating effect of combustion product gases, and hanker low temperature distillation outside progress within the temperature range of 380 DEG C to 550 DEG C, generation Destructive distillation gaseous products are collected via cracking gas collection device, and the destructive distillation solid product of generation is provided to medium temperature through discharging opening Hot rotary kiln destructive distillation device（300）The second cylinder of rotary kiln in；

（4）, hot destructive distillation device outside low temperature in spiral pusher（100）Combustion product gases in middle combustion chamber are to spiral pusher destructive distillation room （102）Hot rotary kiln destructive distillation device in low temperature is directly output to after being heated（200）In the first cylinder of rotary kiln in；

（5）, into hot rotary kiln destructive distillation device in medium temperature（300）The second cylinder of rotary kiln in destructive distillation solid product it is further Hot medium temperature carbonization in being carried out within the temperature range of 550 DEG C to 700 DEG C, the destructive distillation gaseous products of generation are arranged via the second rotary kiln Gas exports（304）Output, the destructive distillation solid product of generation is via the second rotary kiln discharging opening（306）Output.