CN105494474A - 一种梧桐木虱防治剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种梧桐木虱防治剂及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN105494474A
CN105494474A CN201610049496.0A CN201610049496A CN105494474A CN 105494474 A CN105494474 A CN 105494474A CN 201610049496 A CN201610049496 A CN 201610049496A CN 105494474 A CN105494474 A CN 105494474A
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刘正
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种梧桐木虱防治剂及其制备方法，涉及苗木种植技术领域，由如下重量份数的原料制成：蓖麻叶20-25份、大飞扬草20-25份、常青藤15-20份、杏叶10-15份、犁头尖10-15份、诱杀剂8-13份、黄独叶6-11份、稳定剂5-8份、葡萄糖苷5-8份、滑石粉4-7份、脂肪酸甘油酯3-5份、樱桃籽3-5份、苍耳子2-4份、胆矾2-3份、硫磺1-2份。本发明防治剂味道清香，能有效改善施药环境，避免引起人体不适；并且药效强、药效持久，一方面利用诱杀剂吸引梧桐木虱从而达到有效杀灭的目的，另一方面利用稳定剂来保护防治剂的有效成分，延长有效成分的半衰期，从而减少施药次数和劳动力投入量。

Description

一种梧桐木虱防治剂及其制备方法
技术领域：
本发明涉及苗木种植技术领域，具体涉及一种梧桐木虱防治剂及其制备方法。
背景技术：
梧桐，锦葵目梧桐属，一种落叶乔木。梧桐是普通的行道树及庭园绿化观赏树，叶掌状，裂缺如花。夏季开花，雌雄同株，花小，淡黄绿色，圆锥花序顶生，盛开时显得鲜艳而明亮。除此之外，梧桐的木材可制乐器，种子可食或榨油，叶、花、根、种子入药，有清热解毒、去湿健脾之效。
梧桐木虱又称青桐木虱、梧桐裂头木虱，属同翅目木虱科。以若虫、成虫在梧桐叶背或幼嫩干上吸食树液，破坏疏导组织，尤以幼树受害最大，严重时导致整株叶片发黄，顶梢枯萎。若虫分泌的白色棉絮状蜡质物，将叶面气孔堵塞，影响叶部正常的光合作用和呼吸作用，使叶面呈现苍白萎缩症状；起风时，白色蜡丝随风飘扬，形如飞雾，严重污染周围环境，影响市容市貌。常用防治方法是喷施吡虫啉或阿维菌素等化学药剂，虽然短期使用效果好，但长期使用后易产生抗药性，并且在进行喷施时味道难闻，容易引起人体不适和影响空气质量。
发明内容：
本发明所要解决的技术问题在于提供一种味道清香、显效快、药效长的梧桐木虱防治剂及其制备方法。
本发明所要解决的技术问题采用以下的技术方案来实现：
一种梧桐木虱防治剂，由如下重量份数的原料制成：
蓖麻叶20-25份、大飞扬草20-25份、常青藤15-20份、杏叶10-15份、犁头尖10-15份、诱杀剂8-13份、黄独叶6-11份、稳定剂5-8份、葡萄糖苷5-8份、滑石粉4-7份、脂肪酸甘油酯3-5份、樱桃籽3-5份、苍耳子2-4份、胆矾2-3份、硫磺1-2份。
所述稳定剂由如下重量份数的原料制成：海泡石粉15-20份、膨胀珍珠岩粉10-15份、瓜尔胶10-15份、米糠蜡8-13份、聚乙二醇6-10份、羟丙基纤维素6-10份、聚丙烯酰胺5-8份、硅藻土5-8份、玉米朊4-6份、沸石粉3-5份、矿物油20-25份，其制备方法为：将米糠蜡加热至80-85℃，待完全熔化后加入瓜尔胶、羟丙基纤维素和聚丙烯酰胺，保温混合15min，然后加入海泡石粉、膨胀珍珠岩粉、硅藻土和沸石粉，混合物于超声频率40kHz、功率50W下超声处理30min，待冷却至室温后再加入聚乙二醇、玉米朊和矿物油，充分混合均匀。
所述诱杀剂由如下重量份数的原料制成：樒树叶20-25份、香椿叶15-20份、桂花12-17份、甜叶菊10-15份、槐花10-15份、香油8-13份、酒曲7-11份、莳萝草5-10份、氯仿5-10份、甘蔗糖蜜4-8份、竹醋3-6份、甘草2-4份，其制备方法为：将樒树叶、香椿叶、桂花、甜叶菊、槐花、莳萝草和甘草经冷冻干燥后粉碎成粉末，再加入酒曲、甘蔗糖蜜和竹醋，混合均匀后于0-5℃下静置30min，然后加入香油和氯仿，充分混合均匀。
一种梧桐木虱防治剂的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
(1)将蓖麻叶、大飞扬草、常青藤、杏叶、犁头尖和黄独叶加入5倍重量乙醇中，混合物加热至回流状态保温30min，再于微波频率2450MHz、功率600W下微波处理10min，过滤，滤液送入喷雾干燥机，所得颗粒经粉碎机制成粉末，即得粉料I；
(2)将樱桃籽和苍耳子经冷冻干燥后粉碎成粉末，再加入滑石粉、胆矾和硫磺，混合均匀，即得粉料II；
(3)向粉料I中加入粉料II、诱杀剂、稳定剂、葡萄糖苷和脂肪酸甘油酯，充分混合均匀。
本发明的有益效果是：本发明以植物成分为主要原料，辅以多种助剂制得梧桐木虱防治剂，该防治剂味道清香，能有效改善施药环境，避免引起人体不适；并且药效强、药效持久，一方面利用诱杀剂吸引梧桐木虱从而达到有效杀灭的目的，另一方面利用稳定剂来保护防治剂的有效成分，延长有效成分的半衰期，从而减少施药次数和劳动力投入量。
具体实施方式：
为了使本发明实现的技术手段、创作特征、达成目的与功效易于明白了解，下面结合具体实施例，进一步阐述本发明。
实施例1
(1)将20份蓖麻叶、25份大飞扬草、15份常青藤、10份杏叶、10份犁头尖和8份黄独叶加入5倍重量乙醇中，混合物加热至回流状态保温30min，再于微波频率2450MHz、功率600W下微波处理10min，过滤，滤液送入喷雾干燥机，所得颗粒经粉碎机制成粉末，即得粉料I；
(2)将3份樱桃籽和3份苍耳子经冷冻干燥后粉碎成粉末，再加入4份滑石粉、2份胆矾和2份硫磺，混合均匀，即得粉料II；
(3)向粉料I中加入粉料II、8份诱杀剂、7份稳定剂、5份葡萄糖苷和3份脂肪酸甘油酯，充分混合均匀。
稳定剂的制备：将8份米糠蜡加热至80-85℃，待完全熔化后加入10份瓜尔胶、8份羟丙基纤维素和5份聚丙烯酰胺，保温混合15min，然后加入15份海泡石粉、10份膨胀珍珠岩粉、8份硅藻土和3份沸石粉，混合物于超声频率40kHz、功率50W下超声处理30min，待冷却至室温后再加入8份聚乙二醇、4份玉米朊和20份矿物油，充分混合均匀。
诱杀剂的制备：将20份樒树叶、20份香椿叶、12份桂花、12份甜叶菊、10份槐花、8份莳萝草和2份甘草经冷冻干燥后粉碎成粉末，再加入7份酒曲、6份甘蔗糖蜜和3份竹醋，混合均匀后于0-5℃下静置30min，然后加入10份香油和8份氯仿，充分混合均匀。
实施例2
(1)将25份蓖麻叶、20份大飞扬草、20份常青藤、12份杏叶、15份犁头尖和6份黄独叶加入5倍重量乙醇中，混合物加热至回流状态保温30min，再于微波频率2450MHz、功率600W下微波处理10min，过滤，滤液送入喷雾干燥机，所得颗粒经粉碎机制成粉末，即得粉料I；
(2)将5份樱桃籽和2份苍耳子经冷冻干燥后粉碎成粉末，再加入6份滑石粉、3份胆矾和1份硫磺，混合均匀，即得粉料II；
(3)向粉料I中加入粉料II、10份诱杀剂、5份稳定剂、7份葡萄糖苷和5份脂肪酸甘油酯，充分混合均匀。
稳定剂的制备：将11份米糠蜡加热至80-85℃，待完全熔化后加入15份瓜尔胶、6份羟丙基纤维素和6份聚丙烯酰胺，保温混合15min，然后加入20份海泡石粉、15份膨胀珍珠岩粉、5份硅藻土和5份沸石粉，混合物于超声频率40kHz、功率50W下超声处理30min，待冷却至室温后再加入10份聚乙二醇、6份玉米朊和25份矿物油，充分混合均匀。
诱杀剂的制备：将25份樒树叶、15份香椿叶、15份桂花、10份甜叶菊、12份槐花、5份莳萝草和4份甘草经冷冻干燥后粉碎成粉末，再加入10份酒曲、4份甘蔗糖蜜和5份竹醋，混合均匀后于0-5℃下静置30min，然后加入13份香油和6份氯仿，充分混合均匀。
以上显示和描述了本发明的基本原理和主要特征和本发明的优点。本行业的技术人员应该了解，本发明不受上述实施例的限制，上述实施例和说明书中描述的只是说明本发明的原理，在不脱离本发明精神和范围的前提下，本发明还会有各种变化和改进，这些变化和改进都落入要求保护的本发明范围内。本发明要求保护范围由所附的权利要求书及其等效物界定。

Claims (4)

1.一种梧桐木虱防治剂，其特征在于，由如下重量份数的原料制成：
蓖麻叶20-25份、大飞扬草20-25份、常青藤15-20份、杏叶10-15份、犁头尖10-15份、诱杀剂8-13份、黄独叶6-11份、稳定剂5-8份、葡萄糖苷5-8份、滑石粉4-7份、脂肪酸甘油酯3-5份、樱桃籽3-5份、苍耳子2-4份、胆矾2-3份、硫磺1-2份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的梧桐木虱防治剂，其特征在于，所述稳定剂由如下重量份数的原料制成：海泡石粉15-20份、膨胀珍珠岩粉10-15份、瓜尔胶10-15份、米糠蜡8-13份、聚乙二醇6-10份、羟丙基纤维素6-10份、聚丙烯酰胺5-8份、硅藻土5-8份、玉米朊4-6份、沸石粉3-5份、矿物油20-25份，其制备方法为：将米糠蜡加热至80-85℃，待完全熔化后加入瓜尔胶、羟丙基纤维素和聚丙烯酰胺，保温混合15min，然后加入海泡石粉、膨胀珍珠岩粉、硅藻土和沸石粉，混合物于超声频率40kHz、功率50W下超声处理30min，待冷却至室温后再加入聚乙二醇、玉米朊和矿物油，充分混合均匀。
3.根据权利要求1所述的梧桐木虱防治剂，其特征在于，所述诱杀剂由如下重量份数的原料制成：樒树叶20-25份、香椿叶15-20份、桂花12-17份、甜叶菊10-15份、槐花10-15份、香油8-13份、酒曲7-11份、莳萝草5-10份、氯仿5-10份、甘蔗糖蜜4-8份、竹醋3-6份、甘草2-4份，其制备方法为：将樒树叶、香椿叶、桂花、甜叶菊、槐花、莳萝草和甘草经冷冻干燥后粉碎成粉末，再加入酒曲、甘蔗糖蜜和竹醋，混合均匀后于0-5℃下静置30min，然后加入香油和氯仿，充分混合均匀。
4.一种梧桐木虱防治剂的制备方法，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：
(1)将蓖麻叶、大飞扬草、常青藤、杏叶、犁头尖和黄独叶加入5倍重量乙醇中，混合物加热至回流状态保温30min，再于微波频率2450MHz、功率600W下微波处理10min，过滤，滤液送入喷雾干燥机，所得颗粒经粉碎机制成粉末，即得粉料I；
(2)将樱桃籽和苍耳子经冷冻干燥后粉碎成粉末，再加入滑石粉、胆矾和硫磺，混合均匀，即得粉料II；
(3)向粉料I中加入粉料II、诱杀剂、稳定剂、葡萄糖苷和脂肪酸甘油酯，充分混合均匀。
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