CN105486750B - A kind of rail vehicle axle phased array supersonic flaw platform - Google Patents
A kind of rail vehicle axle phased array supersonic flaw platform Download PDFInfo
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- CN105486750B CN105486750B CN201510989766.1A CN201510989766A CN105486750B CN 105486750 B CN105486750 B CN 105486750B CN 201510989766 A CN201510989766 A CN 201510989766A CN 105486750 B CN105486750 B CN 105486750B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of rail vehicle axle phased array supersonic flaw platforms, including lathe bed, axle clamping device, main shaft drives transmission mechanism, detection agency, couplant flusher, control mechanism and phased array defectoscope, the detection agency can be according to the control of controller, make phased array probe axially and radially moving in the drive lower edge axle to be measured of axial detection component and radial probe assembly, realizes and ultrasonic inspection is carried out to the shaft part of different length and diameter.Flaw platform of the present invention can carry out the solid shafting of existing rail vehicle various specifications, hollow shaft comprehensively automatic flaw detection, and inspection speed is fast, high degree of automation, coverage area are comprehensive, has higher detection accuracy.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of detection platform, specifically a kind of rail vehicle axle phased array supersonic flaw platform,
Belong to field of non destructive testing.
Background technology
Axle is the key stressed member in rail vehicle running part, it had both born the load from car body (in traveling
The tractive force of application, brake force) and the additional load in being travelled caused by track is uneven is born, it is the zero of a stress complexity
Part, therefore, axle are easy to generate fatigue rupture equivalent damage,.Also regulation works as the certain mileage of rail vehicle traveling in national standard
After number ultrasonic inspection should be carried out to axle.The conventional method of ultrasonic inspection for axle is the different location cloth in the end face of axis and side
Multiple common normal probes or the angle probe of different angle are set, this method needs the quantity popped one's head in more, and process is cumbersome, and ultrasonic wave
Beam is difficult to cover entire axle, is easy to happen missing inspection；Also occur some other ultrasonic inspection platforms in recent years, it is such as different to meet
The probe of multiple and different radians is mounted on a probe bracket by the requirement of diameter shaft part, and when detecting, probe is with probe branch
Frame is moved along axle busbar, when detecting the shaft part of different-diameter, stretches out corresponding probe, this flaw platform, which is compared, to be passed
System method the degree of automation higher, substantially increases detection efficiency, still, still needs multigroup probe, to different size
Axle can not be general.
Chinese patent CN103760237A discloses a kind of hollow shaft ultrasonic flaw detection device, will using push-and-pull bar type structure
Probe stretches into and carries out carrying out flaw detection in hollow axis hole, this kind of method is only applicable to hollow shaft, and current track vehicle in-use automotive
The existing hollow shaft of axis also has solid shafting, therefore cannot all be applicable in.Chinese patent CN202870036U discloses a kind of solid vehicle
The phased array ultrasonic detection device of axis, respectively in axle end face and axle journal position arrangement phased-array ultrasonic probe, it is difficult to accomplish
Comprehensive covering of sound wave, and need to redesign the position of arrangement probe for the axle of different size, versatility is poor.
Invention content
In view of the foregoing drawbacks, it is super that the key technical problem that the present invention solves is to provide a kind of rail vehicle axle phased array
Acoustic inspection platform, the flaw platform can carry out the various specifications solid shafting or hollow shaft of existing rail vehicle comprehensively automatic
Flaw detection, in conjunction with Figure of description, technical scheme is as follows：
A kind of rail vehicle axle phased array supersonic flaw platform, including lathe bed 1, axle clamping device, main shaft drives pass
Motivation structure, detection agency, couplant flusher, control mechanism and phased array defectoscope 2, it is characterised in that：
The detection agency includes axial detection component, radial probe assembly and probe assembly；
The axial detection component is installed on lathe bed, is driven by axially driving servo motor therein and retarder 21
Moving axis drives axial direction sliding of the probe assembly along axle 15 to be measured to planker 3；
The radial direction probe assembly is installed on the axial planker 3, by radial drive servo motor therein and
Retarder 29 drives the radial slippage that radial planker 4 drives probe assembly along axle 15 to be measured；
The probe assembly is fixedly mounted on the radial planker.
The axial detection component further includes axial leading screw 24 and axial guidance 23；The axially driving servo motor and subtract
Fast device 21 is fixed on 1 end of lathe bed, and is drivingly connected with the axial leading screw 24 for being fixed on 1 side of lathe bed；The axial guidance 23
It is horizontally installed on lathe bed 1, and the axial guidance 23 and the axial leading screw 24 parallel are set along axle 15 to be measured is axial
It sets；The axial direction planker 3 is installed by silk braid and 24 mating connection of the axial leading screw, the axial direction planker 3 by its bottom
Axial slider 28 be slidably connected with the axial guidance 23.
The radial direction probe assembly further includes radial leading screw 26 and radial guidance 27；The radial drive servo motor and subtract
Fast device 29 is installed on 3 end of axial planker, and is drivingly connected with the radial leading screw 26 being fixed on axial planker 3；The radial direction
Guide rail 27 is horizontally installed on axial planker 3, and the radial guidance 27 and the radial leading screw 26 are along axle 15 to be measured
Radial parallel setting；The radial direction planker 4 is passed through by silk braid and 26 mating connection of the radial leading screw, the radial direction planker 4
The radial slider 25 of its bottom installation is slidably connected with the radial guidance 27.
The control mechanism is connected with detection agency control, and control detection agency is axially or radially transported along axle 15 to be measured
It is dynamic；
The control mechanism includes the angle of eccentricity encoder being located on spindle motor 8, is located at axially driving servo motor
On axial planker angle-position encoder, the radial planker angle-position encoder on radial drive servo motor, drag positioned at axial
Axial position range sensor on plate 3, the radial position range sensor on radial planker 4 and controller 6；
The axial position range sensor and the acquisition of radial position range sensor axially and radially location information and defeated
It send to the controller 6；The controller is judged according to the location information received and decision, driving spindle motor 8, axis
To driving servo motor and the operating of radial drive servo motor, and then main axis, axial planker 3 and radial planker 4 is driven to move
It is dynamic；Each encoder records rotatable phase information and feeds back to controller 6.
Phased array probe 10 in the probe assembly is flexible phase array transducer, by controlling the flexible phase
Each array element of control battle array ultrasonic transducer emits the phase delay of ultrasonic signal to control deflection of the acoustic beam on horizontal plane and vertical plane
Angle.
The couplant flusher includes catch box 14, conduit 12, water pump 13 and nozzle 11, and the catch box 14 is fixed
In 3 side of the axial planker, 14 bottom of catch box is stretched into one end of the conduit 12, and the other end passes through water pump 13 and nozzle 11
Connection, the nozzle 11 are directed toward axle 15 to be measured, the U-type groove for leading to catch box 14 are provided on the axial direction planker obliquely,
Realize the recycling of couplant.
The internal image of axle 15 to be measured is presented on by the phased array defectoscope 2 using the display mode of C-scan image
It on display screen, can store, waveform playback and data, automatic display defect echo position.
The axle clamping device includes scroll chuck 9 and tailstock 18, and scroll chuck 9 is connected to main shaft drives transmission mechanism
Output end；Tailstock 18 is equipped with handwheel 19, top 16 and lockable mechanism 17, is installed on 1 tailstock guide 20 of lathe bed, passes through rotation
Handwheel adjusts the axial position of tailstock 18.
The main shaft drives transmission mechanism includes the spindle motor 8 being fixed on lathe bed 1 and main shaft worm gear reducer 7, is driven
Dynamic axle 15 to be measured rotates.
The lathe bed 1 uses angle steel skeleton, and Facing material is steel plate, and is fixed on the ground by foundation bolt 22.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are：
Flaw platform of the present invention can carry out comprehensively the solid shafting of existing rail vehicle various specifications, hollow shaft
Automatic flaw detection, inspection speed is fast, high degree of automation, coverage area are comprehensive, has higher detection accuracy.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the rail vehicle axle phased array supersonic flaw platform front perspective view of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the rail vehicle axle phased array supersonic flaw platform back side three-dimensional view of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the front view of the rail vehicle axle phased array supersonic flaw platform of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is the vertical view of the rail vehicle axle phased array supersonic flaw platform of the present invention；
Fig. 5 is the detection agency magnified partial view in the rail vehicle axle phased array supersonic flaw platform of the present invention；
Fig. 6 is the main shaft drives transmission mechanism amplification in the rail vehicle axle phased array supersonic flaw platform of the present invention
Figure；
Fig. 7 is the structure composition block diagram of the rail vehicle axle phased array supersonic flaw platform of the present invention；
Fig. 8 is that the detection agency in the rail vehicle axle phased array supersonic flaw platform of the present invention moves schematic diagram.
In figure：
1-lathe bed；2-phased array defectoscopes；3-axial plankers；4-radial plankers；5-probe brackets；6-controls
Device；7-main shaft turbine reduction boxes；8-spindle motors；9-scroll chucks；10-phased array probes；11-nozzles；12-lead
Pipe；13-water pumps；14-catch boxes；15-axles to be measured；16-is top；17-lockable mechanisms；18-tailstocks；19-handwheels；
20-tailstock guides；21-axially driving servo motors and retarder；22-foundation bolts；23-axial guidances；24-is axial
Leading screw；25-radial sliders；26-radial leading screws；27-radial guidances；28-axial sliders；29-radial drive servo motors
And retarder.
Specific implementation mode
Below by Figure of description and embodiment, technical scheme of the present invention will be described in further detail.
As shown in Figure 1, Figure 2, shown in Fig. 3, Fig. 4 and Fig. 7, the invention discloses a kind of flaw detections of rail vehicle axle phased array supersonic
Platform, including lathe bed 1, axle clamping device, main shaft drives transmission mechanism, detection agency, couplant flusher, control machine
Structure, phased array defectoscope 2 and related fittings；
The lathe bed 1 is as remaining each basis component installation and accepted, and using angle steel skeleton, body surfaces are by steel plate
It is made, and is fixed on the ground using foundation bolt 22；
As shown in fig. 6, the main shaft drives transmission mechanism includes the spindle motor 8 being fixed on lathe bed 1 and main shaft worm gear
Reduction box 7, for driving axle to be measured to rotate.
The axle clamping device includes scroll chuck 9 and tailstock 18, and scroll chuck 9 is connected to main shaft turbine reduction box 7
Output end, on the one hand treat measuring car axis 15 and carry out positioning and clamping, be on the other hand used for the rotation of reduction gearing in reduction box
Transhipment is dynamic to pass to axle 15 to be measured；Tailstock 18 is led with handwheel 19, top 16 and lockable mechanism 17, the tailstock for being installed on lathe bed
On rail 20, for the axle of different length, the axial position of tailstock 18 can be adjusted by rotation hand wheel 19, and pass through lockable mechanism
17 fix, so that top 16 hold out against axle 15 to be measured.
The detection agency is made of axial detection component, radial probe assembly and probe assembly.
As shown in figure 5, axial detection component includes axial planker 3, axial leading screw 24, axial guidance 23 and axially driving watches
Take motor and retarder 21.
It is radial to be watched to probe assembly radial direction planker 4, axial leading screw 24, radial leading screw 26, radial guidance 27 and radial drive
Take motor and retarder 29.
Probe assembly includes probe bracket 5 and phased array probe 10.
The axially driving servo motor and retarder 21 are fixed on the side plate of 1 tail end of lathe bed, with 24 phase of axial leading screw
Connection, 3 side of the axial direction planker are fixed with the silk braid being matched therewith, and 3 bottom of axial planker is equipped with and 23 phase of axial guidance
One group of axial slider 28 of cooperation, the axial guidance 23 are bolted on the both sides of 1 upper surface of lathe bed.
The radial drive servo motor and retarder 29 are mounted on axial planker 3, are connected with radial leading screw 26, institute
It states 4 bottom of radial planker and is fixed with the silk braid being matched therewith, 4 bottom of radial planker is also equipped with matched with radial guidance 27
One group of radial slider 25, the radial guidance 27 are bolted on the both sides of 3 upper surface of axial planker.
The probe bracket 5 is bolted on radial planker 4, and phased array probe 10 is mounted on probe bracket 5.
The phased array probe 10 is using flexible phase array transducer.By controlling each array element transmitting ultrasound of energy converter
The phase delay of signal controls deflection angle of the acoustic beam on horizontal plane and vertical plane.Traditional ultrasonic transducer is that rigidity is tied
Structure must be using different curvature when detecting the shaft part of the different diameters of axle to ensure ultrasonic transducer and workpiece surface is seamless contacts
Ultrasonic transducer, therefore the ultrasonic transducer that an axle generally requires 4 kinds or more is detected, the present invention is super using flexible phased array
Sonic transducer can be movable relatively between each array element, as long as the flexible phase array transducer is slightly pressed to axle surface
Tightly, it will naturally be bonded, therefore only need i.e. detectable different straight using a flexible phase array transducer with axle surface
The shaft part of diameter.
The detection agency can make axially driving servo motor and radial drive servo motor band according to the control of controller
Moving axis is operated to leading screw 24 and radial leading screw 26, to drive axial planker 3 and radial planker 4 guide rail 23 and diameter respectively in axial direction
Direction guiding rail 27 moves, to make the probe bracket being fixed on radial planker 45 drive phased array probe 10 along axle 15 to be measured
It axially and radially moves, ultrasonic inspection is carried out to the shaft part of different length and diameter；
As shown in fig. 7, the control mechanism includes angle of eccentricity encoder, axial planker angle-position encoder, radial planker
Angle-position encoder, axial position range sensor, radial position range sensor and controller 6, wherein angle of eccentricity encode
Device is located on spindle motor 8, and axial planker angle-position encoder is located on axially driving servo motor, radial planker angle-position encoder
On radial drive servo motor, axial position range sensor is located on axial planker 3, radial position range sensor position
In on radial planker 4.Axially and radially position is believed for the axial position range sensor and the acquisition of radial position range sensor
Host controller 6 is ceased and is delivered to, controller 6 is judged according to the location information received and decision, driving spindle motor,
Axially driving servo motor and the operating of radial drive servo motor drive spindle operation, axial planker 3 and radial planker 4 to move,
To generate scanning campaign of the probe to axle.Each encoder records rotatable phase information and feeds back to controller 6.
The phased array defectoscope uses the display mode of C-scan image, and the internal image of axle 15 to be measured is presented on
On display screen, and can freely it store, waveform playback and data, automatic display defect echo position.
The Harmless flaw platform can visit the solid shafting of existing rail vehicle various specifications, hollow shaft automatically
Wound.
As shown in figure 5, the couplant flusher includes catch box 14, conduit 12, water pump 13 and nozzle 11, catch box
14 are fixed on 3 side of axial planker, and 14 bottom of catch box is stretched into 12 end of conduit, and the other end is connected by water pump 13 and nozzle 11
It connects, nozzle 11 is directed toward axle 15 to be measured obliquely, is provided with the U-type groove for leading to catch box 14 on axial planker 3, makes couplant can
Catch box recycling is flowed back to automatically through the slot.
As shown in figure 8, the specific work process for carrying out nondestructive inspection to axle using the present invention is as follows：
1, data call process；
Start rail vehicle axle phased array supersonic flaw platform first, is inputted on the control panel of controller 6 to be measured
The model of axle 15, control system will call the dimension data of respective model axle automatically.
2, axle clamping process；
Axle 15 to be measured is positioned on rail vehicle axle phased array supersonic flaw platform, one end passes through scroll chuck 9
Positioning clamps, and the handwheel 19 on subsequent rotating tailstock 18 makes tailstock 18 be slided on tailstock guide 20, until top top 16 is tight
The other end of axle, finally controlling lockable mechanism 17 makes the position of tailstock 18 fix, and clamping process finishes.
3, axle flaw detection process；
1) position signal of axial position range sensor detection axial direction planker 3, radial position range sensor detect diameter
To the position signal of planker 4, the range data detected is transmitted to host controller 6, the number that controller 6 will receive by the two
It compares according to the dimension data with the axle to be measured 15 called in the above-mentioned first step, calculates the axial direction of phased array probe 10 at this time
The radial distance of position and phased array probe 10 and axle 15 to be measured, and this distance is converted into radial drive servo motor
Corner sends out control instruction to it, and the radial planker angle-position encoder being located inside radial drive servo motor is anti-to controller 6
Present corner information, the order execute the result is that phased array probe 10 is moved radially until being close to 15 surface of axle to be measured；
2) then controller controls axially driving servo motor and retarder 21 starts running, and phased array probe 10 is driven to visit
This section of axle is surveyed, when occurring the data of diameter of axle variation in the axle size called, controller 6 controls axially driving servo electricity
Machine and the pause operating of retarder 21, and above-mentioned 1) step process is repeated, wait for that radial drive servo motor and retarder 29 drive radial direction
Planker 4 adjusts the radial position of phased array probe 10, axially driving to watch after phased array probe 10 is bonded with this section of axle
It takes motor and retarder 21 remains in operation, continue to detect next shaft part, until the detection of entire axle finishes.
4, couplant sprays process；
During the entire flaw detection of above-mentioned third step, controller 6 controls the water pump 13 and axial direction of couplant flusher
Driving servo motor and retarder 21 operate together, i.e., coupling is sprayed when phased array probe 10 detects axle 15 to be measured in an axial direction
Agent, when being axially moved stopping, the adjustment radial position of phased array probe 10, couplant does not spray.The operating of water pump 13 makes liquid collecting
Couplant in case 14 is sprayed onto by conduit 12 and nozzle 11 on axle 15 to be measured, and couplant will be full of phased array probe automatically
10 with the gap of 15 contact position of axle to be measured, make ultrasonic beam preferably incident workpiece.
5, the processing of echo-signal and display process；
During the entire flaw detection of above-mentioned third step, controller 6 controls each battle array of flexible phase array transducer
Member emits and receives ultrasonic signal with the phase delay of certain rule, and to controlling the deflection angle of acoustic beam, that launches is super
Beam of sound can reflect when encountering workpiece surface or inside workpiece defect, and each array element is passed through after receiving ultrasound echo signal
Digitalized ultrasonic signal is obtained after the processing such as preposition amplification, programming amplifying, filtering, A/D conversions, is sent to memory storage, and adopt
With C-scan display mode, inside workpiece cross-sectional image is presented on the display screen of phased array defectoscope 2.
Claims (1)
1. a kind of rail vehicle axle phased array supersonic flaw platform, including lathe bed（1）, axle clamping device, main shaft drives pass
Motivation structure, detection agency, couplant flusher, control mechanism and phased array defectoscope（2）, it is characterised in that：
The lathe bed（1）Using angle steel skeleton, Facing material is steel plate, and passes through foundation bolt（22）It fixes on the ground；
The axle clamping device includes scroll chuck（9）And tailstock（18）, scroll chuck（9）It is connected to main shaft drives driver
The output end of structure；Tailstock（18）Equipped with handwheel（19）, it is top（16）And lockable mechanism（17）, it is installed on lathe bed（1）Tailstock guide
（20）On, tailstock is adjusted by rotation hand wheel（18）Axial position；
The main shaft drives transmission mechanism includes being fixed on lathe bed（1）On spindle motor（8）With main shaft worm gear reducer（7）,
Drive axle to be measured（15）Rotation；
The detection agency includes axial detection component, radial probe assembly and probe assembly；
The axial detection component is installed on lathe bed, passes through axially driving servo motor therein and retarder（21）Driving
Axial planker（3）Drive probe assembly along axle to be measured（15）Axial sliding；
The axial detection component further includes axial leading screw（24）And axial guidance（23）；The axially driving servo motor and subtract
Fast device（21）It is fixed on lathe bed（1）End, and be fixed on lathe bed（1）The axial leading screw of side（24）It is drivingly connected；The axis
Direction guiding rail（23）It is horizontally installed to lathe bed（1）On, and the axial guidance（23）With the axial leading screw（24）Along to be measured
Axle（15）It is arranged in an axially parallel mode；The axial direction planker（3）Pass through silk braid and the axial leading screw（24）Mating connection, the axis
To planker（3）The axial slider installed by its bottom（28）With the axial guidance（23）It is slidably connected；
The radial direction probe assembly is installed on the axial planker（3）On, by radial drive servo motor therein and subtract
Fast device（29）The radial planker of driving（4）Drive probe assembly along axle to be measured（15）Radial slippage；
The radial direction probe assembly further includes radial leading screw（26）And radial guidance（27）；The radial drive servo motor and subtract
Fast device（29）It is installed on axial planker（3）End, and be fixed on axial planker（3）On radial leading screw（26）It is drivingly connected；
The radial guidance（27）It is horizontally installed to axial planker（3）On, and the radial guidance（27）With the radial leading screw
（26）Along axle to be measured（15）Radial parallel setting；The radial direction planker（4）Pass through silk braid and the radial leading screw（26）Match
Set connection, the radial direction planker（4）The radial slider installed by its bottom（25）With the radial guidance（27）It is slidably connected；
The probe assembly is fixedly mounted on the radial planker（4）On；
Phased array probe in the probe assembly（10）It is phased by controlling the flexibility for flexible phase array transducer
Each array element of battle array ultrasonic transducer emits the phase delay of ultrasonic signal to control deflection angle of the acoustic beam on horizontal plane and vertical plane
Degree；
The couplant flusher includes catch box（14）, conduit（12）, water pump（13）And nozzle（11）, the catch box
（14）It is fixed on the axial planker（3）Side, the conduit（12）One end stretch into catch box（14）Bottom, the other end pass through
Water pump（13）With nozzle（11）Connection, the nozzle（11）It is directed toward axle to be measured obliquely（15）, it is described axial direction planker on be arranged
Have and leads to catch box（14）U-type groove, realize the recycling of couplant；
The phased array defectoscope（2）Using the display mode of C-scan image, by axle to be measured（15）Internal image be presented on
It on display screen, can store, waveform playback and data, automatic display defect echo position；
The control mechanism is connected with detection agency control, and control detection agency is along axle to be measured（15）Axially or radially move；
The control mechanism includes being located at spindle motor（8）On angle of eccentricity encoder, be located at axially driving servo motor on
Axial planker angle-position encoder, the radial planker angle-position encoder on radial drive servo motor, be located at axial planker
（3）On axial position range sensor, be located at radial planker（4）On radial position range sensor and controller（6）；
The axial position range sensor and radial position range sensor acquire axially and radially location information and are delivered to
The controller（6）；
The controller is judged according to the location information received and decision, driving spindle motor（8）, axially driving servo
Motor and the operating of radial drive servo motor, and then drive main axis, axial planker（3）With radial planker（4）It is mobile；It is each to compile
Code device record rotatable phase information simultaneously feeds back to controller（6）.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201510989766.1A CN105486750B (en) | 2015-12-24 | 2015-12-24 | A kind of rail vehicle axle phased array supersonic flaw platform |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201510989766.1A CN105486750B (en) | 2015-12-24 | 2015-12-24 | A kind of rail vehicle axle phased array supersonic flaw platform |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN105486750A CN105486750A (en) | 2016-04-13 |
| CN105486750B true CN105486750B (en) | 2018-09-18 |
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| CN113607810B (en) * | 2021-07-02 | 2024-04-23 | 上海应用技术大学 | Online ultrasonic flaw detection device for defects of thin-wall metal straight-seam circular welded pipe |
| CN113714856B (en) * | 2021-07-26 | 2023-06-27 | 豪丰茂五金制品(太仓)有限公司 | Ultrasonic automatic detection system of numerical control machine tool and working method thereof |
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