CN105485942B - A kind of solar water heater - Google Patents
A kind of solar water heater Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN105485942B CN105485942B CN201510974823.9A CN201510974823A CN105485942B CN 105485942 B CN105485942 B CN 105485942B CN 201510974823 A CN201510974823 A CN 201510974823A CN 105485942 B CN105485942 B CN 105485942B
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- China
- Prior art keywords
- thermal
- tube wall
- sloping portion
- heat
- water heater
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S10/00—Solar heat collectors using working fluids
- F24S10/90—Solar heat collectors using working fluids using internal thermosiphonic circulation
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S80/00—Details, accessories or component parts of solar heat collectors not provided for in groups F24S10/00-F24S70/00
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
- Y02E10/44—Heat exchange systems
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a kind of solar water heater, including water tank, transparency glass plate, thermal insulation layer, absorption film and heat collector, described heat collector includes that thermal-collecting tube, described thermal-collecting tube include that heat absorbing end and release end of heat, described release end of heat are arranged in water tank；Described absorption film is arranged on the one side towards the sun of thermal-collecting tube heat absorbing end, and transparency glass plate covers on the heat absorbing end top of thermal-collecting tube, arranges thermal insulation layer between heat absorbing end and transparency glass plate.The present invention, by arranging the parts such as transparency glass plate, thermal insulation layer, absorption film, base plate, improves water heater Solar use efficiency, has saved the energy.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of solar energy, particularly relate to a kind of solar water heater.
Background technology
Along with the high speed development of modern social economy, the mankind are increasing to the demand of the energy.But the traditional energy storage levels such as coal, oil, natural gas constantly reduce, the most in short supply, cause rising steadily of price, the problem of environmental pollution that conventional fossil fuel causes simultaneously is the most serious, these development that the most significantly limit society and the raising of human life quality.Energy problem has become as one of distinct issues of contemporary world.Thus seek the new energy, the most free of contamination clean energy resource has become the focus of present people research.
Solar energy is a kind of inexhaustible clean energy resource, and stock number is huge, and the solar radiant energy total amount that earth surface is received every year is 1 × 1018KW h, for more than 10,000 times of world's year consumption gross energy.Countries in the world the most utilizing as important of new energy development using solar energy, the Chinese government the most clearly proposes actively to develop new forms of energy at Report on the Work of the Government, and wherein the utilization of solar energy is especially in occupation of prominent position.Arriving tellurian energy density little (about a kilowatt every square metre) yet with solar radiation, and be again discontinuous, this brings certain difficulty to large-scale exploitation.Therefore, in order to the most sharp
With solar energy, not only to solve technical problem, and must be able to same conventional energy resource economically and compete mutually.
Generally, solar water heater uses thermal-collecting tube to absorb heat, but thermal-collecting tube is because of heat transfer problem, the loss of possible heat conduction heat, and because arranging fin inside thermal-collecting tube, causing fluid resistance to rise, thus causing the problem that the coefficient of heat transfer is low.
For the problems referred to above, the invention provides a kind of new solar water heater, thus solve the problem that the coefficient of heat transfer in the case of solar energy heat absorbing and heat exchange is low.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of new solar energy system, thus solve the technical problem above occurred.
To achieve these goals, technical scheme is as follows:
A kind of solar water heater, including water tank, transparency glass plate, thermal insulation layer, absorption film and heat collector, described heat collector includes that thermal-collecting tube and water tank, described thermal-collecting tube include that heat absorbing end and release end of heat, described release end of heat are arranged in water tank；Described absorption film is arranged on the one side towards the sun of thermal-collecting tube heat absorbing end, and transparency glass plate covers on the heat absorbing end top of thermal-collecting tube, arranges thermal insulation layer between heat absorbing end and transparency glass plate；
Described thermal-collecting tube includes flat tube and fin, described flat tube includes tube wall parallel to each other and sidewall, described sidewall connects the end of parallel tube wall, fluid passage is formed between described sidewall and described parallel tube wall, described fin is arranged between tube wall, described fin includes the sloping portion favouring tube wall, described sloping portion connects with parallel tube wall, fluid passage is spaced apart the multiple passage aisles 10 of formation by described sloping portion, adjacent sloping portion connects on tube wall, triangle between described adjacent sloping portion and tube wall；Sloping portion arranges intercommunicating pore, so that adjacent passage aisle communicates with each other；
Along the centre of tube wall of flat tube cross section to both sides sidewall direction, the described via area on different sloping portions constantly diminishes.
As preferably, thermal insulation layer is vacuum layer.
As preferably, transparency glass plate uses safety glass；
As preferably, absorption film is arranged in heat pipe heat absorbing end by the way of sputtering.
As preferably, the thickness of thermal insulation layer 17 is 18mm～25mm；As preferably 20 mm.
As preferably, same sloping portion arranges multiple rows of triangle through hole, and many exhausting holes are shifted structure.
As preferably, intercommunicating pore is isosceles triangle, and the triangle constituted between described adjacent sloping portion and tube wall is isosceles triangle；
The drift angle of the isosceles triangle of intercommunicating pore is B, and the drift angle of isosceles triangle constituted between adjacent sloping portion and tube wall is A, then meet equation below:
Sin(B)=a+b*sin(A/2)
-c* sin(A/2)2；
Wherein a, b, c are parameters, wherein 0.565 < a < 0.559,1.645 <b < 1.753,1.778 < c < 1.883;
60°<A<160°；35°<B<90°.
As preferably, a=0.5931, b=1.6948, c=1.8432;
80°<A<120°；50°<B<60°.
Compared with prior art, the solar water appliance of the present invention has a following advantage:
1) present invention is by arranging intercommunicating pore on the fin of thermal-collecting tube, it is ensured that the adjacent connection between passage aisle, solves the problem that the internal pressure in the case of thermal-collecting tube heat exchange is uneven, improves heat exchange efficiency, improve service life.
2) by intercommunicating pore along the area change in flat tube cross-sectional direction, while reducing resistance, heat exchange efficiency is improved further.
3) parts such as transparency glass plate, thermal insulation layer, absorption film, base plate are set by water heater, improve water heater Solar use efficiency.
4) change of the included angle A that the present invention is formed by sloping portion, the circulation area making the passage aisle at middle part is big, the passage aisle circulation area of both sides diminishes, so meet the pressure law of fluid flowing, thus slow down the flowing pressure at middle part, accordingly increase the flowing pressure of both sides, solve the problem that the internal pressure in the case of flat tube heat exchange is uneven.
5) present invention is by substantial amounts of experiment, it is determined that the physical dimension of optimal flat thermal-collecting tube, so that in the case of ensureing heat exchange resistance so that heat transfer effect reaches optimal.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is solar water heater cross section structure schematic diagram of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is thermal-collecting tube cross-sectional structure schematic diagram of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is that one thermal-collecting tube inner rib plate of the present invention arranges the cross section structural representation at lead to the hole site；
Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram that the present invention arranges through-hole structure sloping portion plane；
Fig. 5 is another schematic diagram that the present invention arranges through-hole structure sloping portion plane；
Fig. 6 is the triangle through hole structural representation of the present invention.
Reference is as follows:
1 thermal-collecting tube, 2 fluid passages, 3 tube walls, 4 sloping portions, 5 summits, 6 intercommunicating pores, 7 fins, 8 water tanks, 9 heat absorbing end, 10 release end of heat, 11 base plates, 12 absorption films, 13 glass plates, 14 thermal insulation layers.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings the detailed description of the invention of the present invention is described in detail.
Herein, without specified otherwise, relating to formula, "/" represents that division, "×", " * " represent multiplication.
The present invention relates to a kind of solar water heater, the structure of described solar water heater is as it is shown in figure 1, described solar water heater includes that water tank 8 and heat collector, described heat collector include thermal-collecting tube 1, and described thermal-collecting tube 1 is flat hot pipe.Described thermal-collecting tube 1 includes that heat absorbing end 9 and release end of heat 10, described release end of heat 10 are arranged in water tank 8.Heat absorbing end 9 absorbs solar energy, is transferred heat to the water in water tank by release end of heat 10.
Described solar thermal collector also includes transparency glass plate 13, thermal insulation layer 14, absorption film 12.Absorption film 12 is arranged on above (i.e. towards the one side of the sun) of thermal-collecting tube 1 heat absorbing end 9, and transparency glass plate 13 covers the front in the heat absorbing end 9 of thermal-collecting tube, leaves thermal insulation layer 17 between heat absorbing end 9 and transparency glass plate 16, and as preferably, thermal insulation layer is vacuum layer.Safety glass, thermal insulation layer is used to be vacuum layer as preferably clear glass plate 16；As preferably, absorption film 12 is arranged on the front of heat pipe 1 heat absorbing end 9 by the way of sputtering.
Base plate 11 is arranged on thermal-collecting tube 1 bottom, and described base plate is insulation material.
As preferably, the thickness of thermal insulation layer 17 is 18mm～25mm；As preferably 20 mm.
As shown in Figure 2, described thermal-collecting tube includes flat tube 1 and fin 7, described flat tube 1 includes tube wall 3 parallel to each other and sidewall 12, described sidewall 12 connects the end of parallel tube wall 2, fluid passage 2 is formed between described sidewall 12 and described parallel tube wall 3, described fin 7 is arranged between tube wall 3, described fin 7 includes the sloping portion 4 favouring tube wall, described sloping portion 4 connects with parallel tube wall 3, fluid passage 2 is spaced apart the multiple passage aisles 10 of formation by described sloping portion 4, adjacent sloping portion 4 connects on tube wall, between described adjacent sloping portion 4 and tube wall 3 triangle；Sloping portion 4 arranges intercommunicating pore 6, so that adjacent passage aisle 10 communicates with each other.
By arranging intercommunicating pore 6, ensure the connection between adjacent passage aisle 10, so that the fluid in the big passage aisle of pressure can flow in the passage aisle that neighbouring pressure is little, solve the problem that internal pressure is uneven and local pressure is excessive in the case of flat tube heat exchange, thus promote the fluid abundant flowing in heat exchanger channels, improve heat exchange efficiency, also improve the service life of thermal-collecting tube simultaneously.
As preferably, along the centre (i.e. the centre position of tube wall 3 in Fig. 2 cross sectional representation) of the tube wall 3 of flat tube cross section to both sides sidewall 12 direction, described through hole 6 area on different sloping portions 4 constantly diminishes.Wherein, be positioned at the centre position of flat tube 1, i.e. the centre position of tube wall 3 in Fig. 2 cross sectional representation, the area of through hole 6 is maximum.Main cause is to be found through experiments, because fluid maldistribution, intermediate pressure is maximum, is gradually reduced to pressure at both sides from centre.Therefore the distribution of via area so that the fluid at middle part flows to both sides as far as possible, the flow resistance in the middle part of minimizing, cause the minimizing of heat exchange area in order to avoid perforated area is excessive simultaneously, perforated area is changed according to pressure, while reducing resistance, improves heat exchange efficiency further.
As preferably, along the centre of flat tube cross section to sidewall 12 direction, the amplitude that described through hole 6 area on different sloping portions 4 constantly diminishes is increasing.By being arranged such, also it is the Changing Pattern meeting flowing pressure, while reducing flow resistance further, improves heat exchange efficiency.
As preferably, described intercommunicating pore 6 be shaped as isosceles triangle, the direction at the midpoint on the base of described isosceles triangle to drift angle is identical with the flow direction of fluid.It is to say, the drift angle direction of isosceles triangle is fluid flow direction.It is found through experiments, is set to drift angle direction keep consistent with flow direction, heat exchange efficiency can be improved, reduce flow resistance simultaneously.By being arranged such, the heat exchange efficiency of about 10% can be improved, reduce the resistance of about 9% simultaneously.
As preferably, triangle between described adjacent sloping portion and tube wall is isosceles triangle, is called for short the second isosceles triangle later.By being set to isosceles triangle, it is ensured that fluid flowing uniformly, improves heat transfer effect.
As preferably, described sloping portion summit 5 is plane, and the summit 5 of described two adjacent sloping portions 4 is connected, and described summit 5 is connected with tube wall 3.Because arranging fixed point 5 is plane, hence in so that sloping portion 4 is big with tube wall contact area, so that tube wall more fully preferably contacts with sloping portion.Installation is more prone to, it is to avoid slide.
As preferably, triangle between adjacent sloping portion 4 and tube wall in, the tie point of the inner surface that sloping portion 4 is relative forms vertex of a triangle, and described vertex of a triangle is positioned on tube wall.
As shown in Figure 6, the drift angle of described isosceles triangle is B, and such as Fig. 4, shown in 5, along the flow direction of fluid, same sloping portion 4 arranges multiple rows of triangle through hole 6.As it is shown in figure 5, many exhausting holes 6 are shifted structure.
Find in an experiment, the area of through hole can not be excessive, the loss of heat exchange area can be caused if excessive, reduce heat exchange efficiency, too small if, cause local pressure distribution the most uneven, in like manner, the distance of adjacent tube wall 3 can not be excessive, crosses conference and causes the reduction of heat exchange efficiency, and too small meeting causes flow resistance excessive.Find according to experiment, the drift angle of the first isosceles triangle and the change that drift angle is certain rule of the second isosceles triangle, such as second isosceles triangle drift angle becomes big, thus cause the passage aisle area of heat exchanger channels to increase, corresponding flow resistance diminishes, and the most now the circulation area of the second isosceles triangle will diminish, and so can reduce the area of through hole 6, in the case of ensureing flow resistance, improve heat exchange efficiency simultaneously.Therefore there is following relation between the first isosceles triangle and the second isosceles triangle drift angle:
The drift angle of the first isosceles triangle is B, and the drift angle of the second isosceles triangle is A, then meet equation below:
Sin(B)=a+b*sin(A/2)
-c* sin(A/2)2；
Wherein a, b, c are parameters, wherein 0.565 < a < 0.559,1.645 <b < 1.753,1.778 < c < 1.883;
60°<A<160°；35°<B<90°.
As preferably, a=0.5931, b=1.6948, c=1.8432;
80°<A<120°；50°<B<60°；
By above-mentioned formula, it may be determined that the best relation between the first isosceles triangle and the second isosceles triangle drift angle, ensure that under this relation in the case of meeting flow resistance, reach optimal heat exchange efficiency.
As preferably, H=7-18mm.It is further used as preferably, 10 < H < 11mm.
As preferably, a length of h on the first isosceles triangle base, meet equation below:
0.28 < d*(h/H) < 0.36；Wherein d is parameter, 0.7 < d < 2.0；
H be with the relative face of adjacent tube wall between distance.
As preferably, 1.0 < d < 1.4.
As preferably, along with drift angle is the increase of A, described d diminishes.
As preferably, along with the increase of H, described d diminishes.
The width of tube wall is W, preferably 7.4 > W/H > 4.6, further preferably, 6.8 > W/H > 5.6.
When the drift angle A of sloping portion formation is different, such as along the middle part of tube wall to the sidewall direction of both sides, the situation that included angle A that described adjacent sloping portion is formed is the least, the A in formula above takes the mean value of two drift angles that sloping portion is adjacent to calculate.
One is designed by above-mentioned optimization, can improve the heat exchange property of thermal-collecting tube further, reduce flow resistance simultaneously.
The present invention is thousands of the numerical simulations by multiple various sizes of thermal-collecting tubes and test data, in the case of meeting industrial requirements pressure-bearing (below 10MPa), in the case of realizing maximum heat exchange amount, the dimensionally-optimised relation of the optimal flat tube tube wall summed up.
As preferably, the most on one wire, the through hole distance that same row is adjacent is S1, described 2.9 × h < S1 < 3.3 × h on the base of the adjacent isosceles triangle through hole of described same row, and wherein S1 is the distance at midpoint on the base with adjacent two isosceles triangle through holes.It is preferably 3.2 × h=S1.
As preferably, the base of the isosceles triangle of the through hole of adjacent row is parallel to each other, and the distance on the summit of isosceles triangle to midpoint, base is L, and distance S2 of adjacent row is 3.8*L < S2 < 4.8*L.It is preferably S2=4.4*L
During the base difference of the isosceles triangle of adjacent row, the weighted average on two bases are taked to calculate.
As preferably, the angle of the isosceles triangle of same row is identical with base.I.e. shape is identical, for equal shape.
For formula above, for the through hole that front and rear row size is different, the most still it is suitable for.
As preferably, the wall thickness of fin is 0.5-0.9mm；As preferably, 0.6-0.7mm.
For the concrete dimensional parameters do not mentioned, it is designed according to normal heat exchanger.
As preferably, along the middle part of tube wall 3 to sidewall 12 direction of both sides, the included angle A that described adjacent sloping portion 4 is formed is more and more less.
Change by above-mentioned included angle A so that the circulation area of the passage aisle at middle part is big, and the passage aisle circulation area of both sides diminishes, so meets the pressure law of fluid flowing, thus slows down the flowing pressure at middle part, accordingly increase the flowing pressure of both sides.
As preferably, the middle part along tube wall is gradually increased to the sidewall direction of both sides, the amplitude that the included angle A of described adjacent sloping portion formation is the least.It is arranged such and also complies with pressure law, so that pressure distribution reaches optimal even results.
Although the present invention discloses as above with preferred embodiment, but the present invention is not limited to this.Any those skilled in the art, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, all can make various changes or modifications, and therefore protection scope of the present invention should be as the criterion with claim limited range.
Claims (8)
1. a solar water heater, including water tank, transparency glass plate, thermal insulation layer, absorption film and heat collector, described heat collector includes that thermal-collecting tube, described thermal-collecting tube include that heat absorbing end and release end of heat, described release end of heat are arranged in water tank；Described absorption film is arranged on the one side towards the sun of thermal-collecting tube heat absorbing end, and transparency glass plate covers on the heat absorbing end top of thermal-collecting tube, arranges thermal insulation layer between heat absorbing end and transparency glass plate；
It is characterized in that, described thermal-collecting tube includes flat tube and fin, described flat tube includes tube wall parallel to each other, and connect the sidewall of the end of parallel tube wall, fluid passage is formed between described sidewall and described parallel tube wall, described fin is arranged between tube wall, described fin includes the sloping portion favouring tube wall, described sloping portion connects with parallel tube wall, fluid passage is spaced apart the multiple passage aisles of formation by described sloping portion, adjacent sloping portion connects on tube wall, triangle between described adjacent sloping portion and tube wall；Sloping portion arranges intercommunicating pore, so that adjacent passage aisle communicates with each other；
Along the centre of tube wall of flat tube cross section to both sides sidewall direction, the described via area on different sloping portions constantly diminishes.
2. solar water heater as claimed in claim 1, thermal insulation layer is vacuum layer.
3. solar water heater as claimed in claim 1, transparency glass plate uses safety glass.
4. solar water heater as claimed in claim 1, absorption film is arranged in heat pipe heat absorbing end by the way of sputtering.
5. solar water heater as claimed in claim 1, the thickness of thermal insulation layer is 18mm～25mm.
6. solar water heater as claimed in claim 1, same sloping portion arranges many exhausting holes, and many exhausting holes are shifted structure.
7. solar water heater as claimed in claim 1, base plate is arranged on thermal-collecting tube bottom, and described base plate is insulation material.
8. solar water heater as claimed in claim 1, intercommunicating pore is isosceles triangle, and the triangle constituted between described adjacent sloping portion and tube wall is isosceles triangle；
The drift angle of the isosceles triangle of intercommunicating pore is B, and the drift angle of isosceles triangle constituted between adjacent sloping portion and tube wall is A, then meet equation below:
Sin(B)=a+b*sin(A/2) -c* sin(A/2)2；
Wherein a, b, c are parameters, wherein 0.565 < a < 0.559,1.645 <b < 1.753,1.778 < c < 1.883;
60°<A<160°；35°<B<90°.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201510974823.9A CN105485942B (en) | 2015-12-23 | 2015-12-23 | A kind of solar water heater |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201510974823.9A CN105485942B (en) | 2015-12-23 | 2015-12-23 | A kind of solar water heater |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN105485942A CN105485942A (en) | 2016-04-13 |
| CN105485942B true CN105485942B (en) | 2016-09-07 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN201510974823.9A Expired - Fee Related CN105485942B (en) | 2015-12-23 | 2015-12-23 | A kind of solar water heater |
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Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110631267B (en) * | 2018-07-07 | 2021-02-23 | 青岛乾福圣耀商贸有限公司 | Solar water heater |
| CN111306816A (en) * | 2018-07-07 | 2020-06-19 | 青岛鑫众合贸易有限公司 | Solar water heater with evaporation end flow equalizing pipe with variable density |
| CN109668330B (en) * | 2018-07-07 | 2020-04-14 | 青岛鑫众合贸易有限公司 | Solar water heater with variable pipe diameter of condensation end flow equalizing pipe |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5723761A (en) * | 1980-07-17 | 1982-02-08 | Kubota Ltd | Solar heat collector |
| CN1664469A (en) * | 2005-03-17 | 2005-09-07 | 黄永年 | Solar heat collection device |
| CN201166472Y (en) * | 2008-01-25 | 2008-12-17 | 东南大学 | Reflecting plate focusing energy storage tube type solar heat collector |
| CN101957081A (en) * | 2010-10-09 | 2011-01-26 | 杭州慈源科技有限公司 | Solar water heater with solar thermal collector pipes mounted above hot water storage tank |
-
2015
- 2015-12-23 CN CN201510974823.9A patent/CN105485942B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5723761A (en) * | 1980-07-17 | 1982-02-08 | Kubota Ltd | Solar heat collector |
| CN1664469A (en) * | 2005-03-17 | 2005-09-07 | 黄永年 | Solar heat collection device |
| CN201166472Y (en) * | 2008-01-25 | 2008-12-17 | 东南大学 | Reflecting plate focusing energy storage tube type solar heat collector |
| CN101957081A (en) * | 2010-10-09 | 2011-01-26 | 杭州慈源科技有限公司 | Solar water heater with solar thermal collector pipes mounted above hot water storage tank |
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| CN105485942A (en) | 2016-04-13 |
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