CN105484198B - Small scale protective structure analogy method using composite materials - Google Patents
Small scale protective structure analogy method using composite materials Download PDFInfo
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- CN105484198B CN105484198B CN201510924922.6A CN201510924922A CN105484198B CN 105484198 B CN105484198 B CN 105484198B CN 201510924922 A CN201510924922 A CN 201510924922A CN 105484198 B CN105484198 B CN 105484198B
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B1/00—Equipment or apparatus for, or methods of, general hydraulic engineering, e.g. protection of constructions against ice-strains
- E02B1/02—Hydraulic models
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Abstract
The invention relates to a small scale protective structure analogy method using composite materials. The small scale protective structure analogy method is characterized by including the following steps: (1) the design method for renovated buildings and protective structure models is analyzed; (2) the composite materials with adjustable density and remodeling size and shape are selected, the selected composite materials are used for manufacturing small scale models, the models are tested, and small scale protective structure analogy is achieved; and (3) influences of the soft body row connection manner and geometric similarity deviation on soft body row analogy are analyzed. The small scale protective structure analogy method has the beneficial effects that firstly, on the basis of volume-weight adjustable and easily-molded composite material selection, the analogy technology of a small scale protective structure is provided; secondly, the influences of the soft body row connection manner and geometric similarity deviation on soft body row analogy are surveyed through a flume experiment; and thirdly, according to the results, a technical reference is provided for renovating local scouring of the buildings and analogy of the protective structure, and technical supports are provided for revising related testing regulations.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to using the little than chi safeguard structure analogy method of composite in a kind of hydraulic engineering.
Background technology
Waterway regulation building and safeguard structure mainly have for design feature：Dam body regulating structure, soft raft shield
Bottom (or shield beach) structure, frame structure, scattered jackstone etc..The thing mould examination of waterway regulation building local scour in the past and safeguard structure
Test or flume test research in, it is less to be specifically designed for the achievement that conducts a research of works simulation, often using the geometry of works
It is similar, impact of the main analog works to water-sediment movement, but the local scour near works may cause works corresponding
Deformation, the result of the tests such as the form washed away and depth are affected in turn, in this regard, current testing regulations is without corresponding skill
Art requires the simulation for instructing works in test.
In waterway regulation building and safeguard structure, dissipate jackstone and such as simulated using quartz, then ensure that geometric similarity just may be used
Meet that quality is similar, and then the research of structural stability is more convenient；But the simulation of enrockment dam is often reduced to by geometric similarity
Entity dam, is made using materials such as cement, lucite or wood, and this can not simulate the dam caused because of local scour near dam body
The impact that body collapses to scouring patterns and depth, while losing the water penetration of former rock weir；Simulation material is received in soft raft simulation
Restriction, it is similar and deviate the method for geometric similarity and be simulated generally press ballast block quality, wherein arrangement is using cotton mould
Plan, ballast block aluminium flake, mosaic (small scaled model) or concrete add iron powder block (big scale model) to be simulated, ballast
Coupling between block and arrangement is reduced to that block is directly adhered on cotton with specific glue, and ballast block planar dimension is similar
Deviation from the difference of connecting mode bourn acting force suffered by isostere may be caused different, and then affect soft raft stability with become
The similarity degree of shape, this simplified series is to isostere deformation and the impact of stability currently without final conclusion；Frame structure simulation master
Consider that geometric similarity or quality are similar, the material of simulation is often plastics (density 1.3 × 103kg/m3), concrete (density
2.4×103kg/m3), aluminium wire (density 2.7 × 103kg/m3), copper tube (density 8.9 × 103kg/m3), compound adjustable plastic
(density 2.4 × 103kg/m3) etc., but be simulated because employing the materials different from substance, often cannot be in geometry and quality
It is upper to meet similar simultaneously, while rod member yardstick reduces the disappearance that may cause rod member periphery separated boundary layer, so as to affect framework
Energy dissipating slowing effect and framework stability.
To make result of the test reflect reality as far as possible, need to select composite analogy material to take into account geometric similarity with quality phase
Seemingly, and propose that waterway regulation building is little than the simulation of chi safeguard structure, the particularly analogue technique of soft raft, to improve building
The simulation precision of model test, for associated specifications revision technical support is provided.
The content of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of the little than chi protection of utilization composite to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art
Structural simulation method.Design science of the present invention, rationally, selects the composite that adjustable density, size, shape can be reinvented as mould
Intend material, can simultaneously ensure that kentledge quality is similar and geometric similarity, reaching does not affect the effect of isostere stability, improves little ratio
The experimental precision of chi safeguard structure simulation.
The present invention is adopted the following technical scheme that：A kind of little than chi safeguard structure analogy method, its spy of utilization composite
Levy and be, comprise the steps：
Step one：Analysis regulating structure and safeguard structure design methods；
Step 2：The composite for selecting adjustable density, size, shape to reinvent, makes of composite that selecting
Small scaled model, and the model is tested, realize little than the simulation of chi safeguard structure；
Step 3：Analysis soft raft connecting mode deviates the impact to soft raft simulation with geometric similarity.
Preferably, the operation of step one includes：Reduced scale simulation is carried out according to the structural shape and its technical indicator of building,
Three parts are simulated mainly for dam body simulation, soft raft simulation and frame structure to discuss respectively.(1) dam body mould is obtained by analysis
During plan, as long as using equivalent grain size dm=dP/λHLevel simulate with block stone, you can it is similar to meet quality, and dam stabilization is met automatically
Property and dam deformation are similar.(2) when soft raft is simulated, if choose than chi to require to be less than 1:10, make the concrete less than 1cm
Block is more difficult, then can only take proposed by the present invention 1:Less than 10 it is little than chi safeguard structure analogue technique.(3) frame structure
During simulation, if to choose required than chi being less than 1:5, model rod member makes more difficult, then can only take proposed by the present invention 1:5
Following is little than chi safeguard structure analogue technique.As can be seen here, geometry, the quality arbitrarily than chi is met while similar, solution
Approach only seek composite that adjustable density, size, shape can reinvent as simulation material.
Preferably, the operation of step 2 includes：Selection unit weight is adjustable, easy-formation composite, realizes little than chi protection
Structural simulation.Simulation material, preparation method are extensively investigated and lab simulation on the basis of, final choice with high density fluorine modeling
Expect for main body, to be aided with the materials such as nylon, glass fibre, in order that unlike material closely uniformly merges, keep batch material close
The uniformity of degree, also adds appropriate fusion agent, density adjuster and stabilizer, is formed through mixed refining process and has density adjustable
(1.1～2.5g/cm3), making different size composite of different shapes can be melted.Density is 2.4g/cm3Composite
Main material quality proportioning be fluoroplastics 79%, nylon 13%, glass fibre 8%, density is 1.32g/cm3Composite wood
The quality proportioning of the main material of material is fluoroplastics 4%, nylon 9 2.5%, glass fibre 3.5%.Because the density of composite can
Adjust, can be modulated simulation material by the equal densities of soft raft ballast block or frame structure completely；Simultaneously because shape with
Size easy-formation, can make model structure by geometric proportion chi by the planform that need to be simulated and size die sinking injection.Sampled inspection
Test, ballast Block Model size, the error of weight are respectively less than 3%, it is ensured that single analogue body physical dimension, weight it is similar
Property.
Preferably, the operation of step 3 includes：Analysis soft raft ballast block is simulated to stability with row's pad connecting mode
Impact and to isostere deformation impact, and inquire into geometric similarity deviate to soft raft simulate effect impact, demonstration this
The little significance than chi safeguard structure analogue technique of waterway regulation building that invention is proposed.
Preferably, the operation of step 3 is specifically included：(1) the D type series concrete block soft rafts of Yangtze middle reaches application are selected
The concrete interlocking block soft mattress adopted with THE LOWER YANGTZE VALLEY carries out comparative study as typical soft raft；(2) using normal state ratio
Chi (1:10) two kinds of ballast blocks (D type series concrete blocks, concrete interlocking block) are simulated, the mould of ballast block and arrangement
Intend considering the actual tying mode of engineering with indoor conventional bonding mode respectively；(3) isostere is contrasted by tank Fixed bed experiment
Stability, isostere deformation state is contrasted by tank Mobile bed experiment, the feasibility of final comprehensive analysis bonding mode simulation；(4)
Met under quality condition of similarity using varible slope flume experimental study, geometric similarity deviates the impact to soft raft stability.Analysis
Result of the test can be obtained：(1) when the kentledge of D types soft raft is reduced to bonding mode with arrangement tying, to the stability of isostere with
Deformation behaviour does not affect；(2) concrete interlocking block soft mattress adopts bonding mode on the stability of isostere without impact, to deformation
It is similar to have certain impact；(3) concrete interlocking block soft mattress is reduced to into bonding mode, the initial stage of washing away or scoured pit's depth compared with
Hour, the deformability of bonding mode is better than tying mode, row side and washes away bigger than normal；When scoured pit's depth is developed to more than 3.5m
When, the simplified way of bonding is not obvious to isostere deformation effect；(4) ensureing that kentledge quality is similar and abandon geometric similarity
When, the stability of isostere, including Instability underflow speed, Failure Model will be affected.As can be seen here, the utilization that the present invention is selected is simultaneous
Turning round and look at the little of the geometric similarity composite similar to quality can effectively improve soft raft simulation than chi safeguard structure analogue technique
Experimental precision.
The beneficial effect that the present invention is reached：(1) on the basis of adjustable unit weight easy-formation composite is selected, it is proposed that
The little analogue technique than chi safeguard structure；(2) soft raft connecting mode have studied by flume test and deviates right with geometric similarity
The impact of soft raft simulation；(3) achievement of the present invention provides technology ginseng for regulating structure local scour and the simulation of safeguard structure
Examine, the also revision for correlation test code provides technical support.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1-1, Fig. 1-2, Fig. 1-3, Fig. 1-4, Fig. 1-5 are X-type row's shape and physical dimension (unit：mm).
Fig. 2-1, Fig. 2-2, Fig. 2-3, Fig. 2-4 are D types row's shape and physical dimension (unit：mm).
Fig. 3 is concrete interlocking block (type III) shape and size (unit：mm)：Fig. 3-1 is top view；Fig. 3-2 is 1-1
Direction view；Fig. 3-3 is 2-2 direction views；Fig. 3-4 is the shape and size (unit of concrete slab mattress：mm).
Fig. 4 is frame structure shape and size：Fig. 4-1 is Triangular Taper Penetrating water-permeable frame；Fig. 4-2 is that the duplexing font of torsion is permeable
Framework.
Fig. 5 is the work flow of model configuration.
Fig. 6-1, Fig. 6-2 are D types series concrete block soft raft and concrete interlocking block soft mattress (1:10).
Fig. 7 turns round duplexing font water-permeable frame.
Fig. 8-1 is the D type series concrete block soft rafts of bonding；Fig. 8-2 is the D type series concrete block soft rafts of tying；Figure
8-3 is the concrete interlocking block soft mattress of bonding；Fig. 8-4 is the concrete interlocking block soft mattress of tying.
Soft raft Instability in Fig. 9 tests；Wherein, Fig. 9-1 is concrete interlocking block soft mattress (bonding)；Fig. 9-2 is D
Type soft raft (tying).
Figure 10-1 washes away result for the concrete interlocking block soft mattress of tying；Figure 10-2 is soft for the concrete interlocking block of bonding
Body row washes away result.
Figure 11-1 is test I type concrete interlocking blocks；Figure 11-2 is the square interlocking segment of test.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings the invention will be further described.Following examples are only used for clearly illustrating the present invention
Technical scheme, and can not be limited the scope of the invention with this.
Now the little than chi protection of the composite that a kind of adjustable utilization density, size, shape can be reinvented is proposed with the present invention
Structural simulation method is applied to as a example by flume test that the present invention is discussed in detail, and implementation process is divided into four steps.
Step one, analysis regulating structure and safeguard structure design methods
(1) dam body simulation
Prototype dam body is usually rock weir, is typically made up of the dike cardiolith and armor stone of different quality.For rock weir
The simulation of body, in addition to ensureing that dam body physical dimension is similar, also needs the weight for ensureing riprap or armor stone similar, block stone
Weight can be calculated using following formula：
Block stone weight：
In formula：W is the stable weight of single block, d is block equivalent grain size, γbFor the unit weight of block stone.Block stone weight
Than chi λWFor
When the stone using quartz is simulated, λrb=1, block stone equivalent grain size is geometric proportion chi than chi, then
As long as showing using equivalent grain size dm=dP/λHLevel simulate with block stone, you can it is similar to meet quality, and dam stabilization is met automatically
Property and dam deformation are similar.
(2) soft raft simulation
The soft raft structural shape commonly used in the middle and lower reach of Yangtze River mainly has the X-type series concrete block for being applied to Yangtze middle reaches soft
Body row, D type series concrete block soft rafts, and be applied to the concrete interlocking block soft mattress of THE LOWER YANGTZE VALLEY etc..Because of their structures
Feature is different, discussed separately below.
(1) X-type series concrete block soft raft
X-type series concrete block soft raft is constituted (Fig. 1-1～Fig. 1-5) by pad and ballast block is arranged：Row's pad 7 adopts polypropylene
Geotechnological woven cloth sewing is formed, and typically sets longitudinal sinew adding strip 2 of 1 wide 0.05m every 0.5m along isostere width, for adding
Admittedly it is narrow bars 3 and increase row's tensile strength of pad 7；The anti-aging type terylene system being provided with per 21 group under longitudinal sinew adding strip 2 connects
Bar 3 grows × wide (1m × 0.012m), for being to connect ballast block 1.Ballast block (concrete block) 1 is mixed for square C20 on row
Solidifying soil block 0.45m × 0.40m × 0.08m (length × width x thickness, similarly hereinafter), monolithic quality 33.10kg, pre-buried 2 in concrete block 1
Root 1.05m's × 0.012m (long × wide) is narrow bars 3, is to connect for arranging pad 7 with ballast block 1, and block spacing is 0.05m.Figure
In, isostere is longitudinally to connect ring 4 (long 5cm), isostere longitudinal direction system to connect reserved 5 (5cm), suture 6.
(2) D types series concrete block soft raft
D type series concrete blocks soft raft is also made up of (Fig. 2-1～Fig. 2-4) row's pad 7 and ballast block 1：Row's mat structure and X
Type series concrete block soft raft is consistent, and ballast block 1 is rectangle C20 concrete block 0.4m × 0.26m × 0.01m on row, single
Block quality 21.93kg, along isostere width block spacing 0.24m, length direction block spacing 0.1m.
(3) concrete interlocking block soft mattress
In 12.5m deep water fairway construction projects below Changjiang River Nanjing, concrete interlocking block soft mattress row's pad 7 adopts long filament
The Compound Fabric of woven fabric and non-woven fabrics, mass area ratio is 0.5kg/m2(0.35kg/m2Woven fabric+0.15kg/m2Nonwoven
Cloth).Row pad 7 on concrete ballast block 1 be C20 concret blocks, density 2400kg/m3, concrete interlocking block is divided into three kinds
Specification：Generally I types:0.48m × 0.48m × 0.12m, weight 59.39kg；For the II types of the advanced 50m river bottom protection scope of dike head：
0.48m × 0.48m × 0.16m, weight 77.39kg；For the type III of isostere edge 5m scopes：0.48m × 0.48m × 0.2m, weight
94.00kg.Intersect pre-buried two connecting ropes 8 (Fig. 3-1～Fig. 3-4) in concrete block inner cross, connecting rope 8 is anti-using Φ 14mm
Aging polypropylene rope, tying line anchor stretches into concrete length not less than 0.2m admittedly, and long side connecting rope termination rewinding is to adjacent concrete
Block, spacing 0.02m between block.
When soft raft is simulated, if more desirable by 1 than chi:More than 10 are studied, then selected and prototype concrete density
(2400kg/m3) consistent material carries out the reduced scale simulation of ballast block by geometric similarity, that is, ensure geometry, the matter of ballast block
Amount is similar.If choose than chi to require to be less than 1:10, the concrete block made less than 1cm is more difficult, then can only take hereafter
What is proposed is little than chi safeguard structure analogue technique.
Row's pad is simulated using cotton, and the spacing between block is by geometric similarity control.For 1:More than 10 little ratio
Chi model, reinforcement and tying bar can be simulated by reducing than chi；For 1:Less than 10 small scaled model, be cannot strictly by
Processing is simulated according to prototype isostere construction, the tying mode between ballast block and isostere can be simulated and be reduced to use block
Specific glue is directly adhered on cotton.
(3) frame structure simulation
The water-permeable frame commonly used in engineering is Triangular Taper Penetrating water-permeable frame (Fig. 4-1), by the precast reinforced of 6 equal lengths
Concrete frame bar is connected with each other composition, and using welding between rod member, and pad carries out antirust treatment.The 12.5m below Nanjing
Duplexing font water-permeable frame (Fig. 4-2) of torsion is proposed in deep water fairway construction project, the structure is open type component, and rod member is basic
Size is 0.1m × 0.1m × 0.8m, and material is armored concrete, averag density 2400kg/m3, single water-permeable frame quality
106.8kg。
When frame structure is simulated, if more desirable by 1 than chi:More than 5 are studied, then selected and prototype concrete density
(2400kg/m3) consistent material carries out rod member reduced scale simulation by geometric similarity, that is, ensure that the geometry of framework, quality are similar.Such as
Fruit is chosen and requires 1 than chi:Less than 5, model rod member makes more difficult, then can only take be presented below little than chi safeguard structure
Analogue technique.
Step 2, the composite that density is adjustable, size, shape can be reinvented is selected, realized little than the simulation of chi safeguard structure
Technology
Visible from that discussed above, the laboratory simulation for dissipating throwing dam body is easier to realize that soft raft compares greatly chi with frame structure
(than chi 1:10～1:Within 5) safeguard structure directly (can also naturally meet quality phase using phase same material by geometric similarity
The safeguard structure such as seemingly) simulation, but the little soft raft than chi and framework often cannot make model component by geometric similarity, existing
Have the soft raft such as aluminium flake, mosaic simulation material be it is specific than under chi select obtain, and often only meet quality it is similar and
Abandon geometric similarity.Meet that geometry arbitrarily than chi, quality are simultaneously similar, the approach of solution only seeks that density is adjustable, chi
The composite that very little, shape can be reinvented is used as simulation material.
(1) the adjustable easy-formation material of unit weight is selected
Simulation material, preparation method are extensively investigated and lab simulation on the basis of, final choice with high density fluorine modeling
Expect for main body, to be aided with the materials such as nylon, glass fibre, in order that unlike material closely uniformly merges, keep batch material close
The uniformity of degree, also adds appropriate fusion agent, density adjuster and stabilizer, is formed through mixed refining process and has density adjustable
(1.1～2.5g/cm3), making different size composite of different shapes can be melted.Open by the shape and size of model configuration
It is molded into modeling to make, work flow is shown in Fig. 5.
(2) the little analogue technique than chi safeguard structure
Because of the adjustable (1.1～2.5g/cm of the density of composite3), can tie by soft raft ballast block or framework completely
The equal densities of structure are modulated simulation material；Simultaneously because of shape and size easy-formation, the knot that be able to need to will be simulated by geometric proportion chi
Configuration shape makes model structure with size die sinking injection.Sampled inspection, ballast Block Model size, the error of weight are respectively less than
3%, it is ensured that single analogue body physical dimension, the similitude of weight.Fig. 6-1, Fig. 6-2 are respectively than chi 1:By several under the conditions of 10
D types series concrete block soft raft and concrete interlocking block soft mattress that what, the strict analog simulation of quality are obtained, wherein ballast block
Consider consistent with prototype completely with the connecting mode between row's pad.Fig. 7 is than chi 1:20 and 1:Geometry, quality are pressed under the conditions of 40 tight
The torsion duplex font water-permeable frame that lattice analog simulation is obtained.
Step 3, analysis soft raft connecting mode and geometric similarity deviate the impact to soft raft simulation
(1) impact test of the ballast block with row's side connecting mode to stability
The similitude of isostere stability, the critical flow velocity that mainly can be resisted by isostere reflecting indirectly.D type series concretes
Block is 1 with concrete interlocking block geometric proportion chi:10, it is respectively tying and bonding (Fig. 8) with the connected mode of row's pad.Test exists
Carry out on the varible slope flume of 44m × 0.8m × 0.8m (length × width × height, similarly hereinafter).The test model depth of water is 0.063m, is being kept
On the basis of the depth of water is constant, by flow and the coordinated signals of tail water lever, gradually increase flow rate of water flow, observation isostere unstability is faced
Boundary's state, and the vertical velocity flow profile (especially acting on the nearly underflow speed of block) when measuring isostere unstability, carry out altogether 4 groups of examinations
Test (test group time such as table 1).To eliminate the error of observation, per group of test is repeated 3 times the above, averages and face as soft raft unstability
Boundary's flow condition.
The soft raft ballast block parameter of table 1 and stability test group time
Observe either tying or bonding mode in test, the form of isostere unstability is consistent, be file leader start after
Crimping unstability (Fig. 9).D types soft raft under tying and bonding mode Instability underflow speed be respectively 0.27m/s and
0.28m/s, concrete interlocking block soft mattress under tying and bonding mode Instability underflow speed be respectively 0.35m/s and
0.36m/s (table 2).It can be seen that the stability of soft raft of the isostere under tying and bonding mode is basically identical in laboratory test, lead to
It is feasible to cross the mode for boning to replace tying.
Table 2 surveys soft raft unstability critical flow velocity
Tab.2Measured critical velocity of flexible mattress instability
Note：Nearly underflow speed finger pressure carries the flow velocity of block mid-depth.
(2) impact that ballast block deforms with row's side connecting mode to isostere
The impact that tying deforms with the difference of bonding mode to isostere, mainly by the dynamic bed scour without sediment motion deformation test of tank
Carry out comparative study.Test is carried out in 55m × 2m × 0.8m, the wide tank of base slope 1 ‰, and tank middle part 10m is dynamic bed section, deep
Degree 0.2m.Select than chi 1:10 tying and bonding concrete interlocking block, test depth of water 0.063m, test flow velocity 0.08m/s with
0.12m/s, flushing time is basically unchanged as foundation with the bed surface landform of monitoring section in testing, and is typically carried out 4 hours or so.
When flow velocity 0.08m/s is tested, scoured pit's depth is less, and deformation is obvious, the deformation of two kinds of connecting mode isosteres
Basic simlarity.From the point of view of local, the soft raft side of tying mode is washed away after erosion, and row side is in vacant state；And bonding side
The soft raft of formula is fitted more tight with bottom bed material.
Further increased water flow speed is observed, the interlocking segment software of tying mode (Figure 10-1) to 0.12m/s in test
Row is affected by connecting rope, and row's side free degree is relatively low, and soft raft fails sagging continuation and protects isostere bottom bed material, current to continue
Bed material below scour row side；And the interlocking segment soft raft of bonding mode (Figure 10-2), can after erosion is washed away on row side
It is freely sagging to fit with remaining isostere, and arrange side outside and be more easy to continue to wash away incision, row washes away bigger than normal in side.Side is arranged in further monitoring
Deformation state understands, with the development of row's side scour hole, no matter isostere hang contact point when being located at row side (kentledge is sagging 7,
That is sagging length 3.5m), or isostere hangs when contact point is located at block center that (kentledge is sagging 4.5, sagging length
2.25m), the isostere deformation behaviour of tying mode can be preferably reflected using the simplified way of bonding.
(3) geometric similarity deviates the impact that effect is simulated to soft raft
Existing soft raft is limited when simulating by simulation material, and the density of material of selection is different from concrete block density, is guarantor
Card quality is similar, can only often change the physical dimension of model kentledge, causes the deviation of geometric similarity.Such as than chi 1:60
When, generally from aluminium flake (density 2.7 × 103kg/m3) simulate density 2.4 × 10 as simulation material3kg/m3Substance coagulation
Soil block ballast block, is to ensure that quality is similar, often ensures that planar dimension is similar, reduces block thickness, to ensure ballast block
Weight it is similar.Limited by production method simultaneously, the special shape of block generally can not be considered, cuboid can only be reduced to
Shape.When block geometric similarity deviates larger, soft raft may be caused to simulate the difference of effect, this is also that building generally changes simulation
The problem that test must be answered.
In the case where quality condition of similarity is met, geometric similarity deviate impact to soft raft stability by 4m × 0.8m ×
The varible slope flume of 0.8m is studied.For I type concrete interlocking blocks, (0.48m × 0.48m × 0.12m, block top and bottom are cut
Angle, Figure 11-1) contrasted with square interlocking segment (0.48m × 0.48m × 0.196m, Figure 11-2), by than chi 1:10, choose close
Degree 2.4 × 103kg/m3、1.32×103kg/m3Composite be molded making (table 1 and Figure 11) respectively.According to studying above, it is
Knot is less to isostere stability influence with bonding mode, thus, carry out contrast test by the way of bonding.
On the basis of keeping depth of water 0.063m constant, gradually increase flow rate of water flow, observe isostere unstability critical condition, and measure
Vertical velocity flow profile (especially acting on the nearly underflow speed of block) when surveying isostere unstability, carries out altogether two groups of tests (table 2), and
Per group of test is repeated 3 times the above, averages as soft raft unstability critical flow condition.Test shows：I types concrete is interlocked
Block Instability underflow speed is 0.36m/s, and square concrete connection block is then 0.32m/s.Trace it to its cause, two kinds of kentledge physique
Although amount is consistent, because the block that geometric similarity deviates, density is little is thicker, row side block fluoran stream surface is larger by hydro-flow thrust, more
Easy unstability.From the point of view of two block soft raft Failure Models：Crimping after I type concrete interlocking block soft mattresses are started for file leader loses
Surely, after square interlocking segment soft raft is started for file leader, isostere cursory shifting unstability on the whole.It can be seen that, ensureing kentledge quality
It is similar and when abandoning geometric similarity, the stability of isostere, including Instability underflow speed, Failure Model will be affected.
In step 2, the work flow following (with reference to Fig. 5) of model configuration：Adopt in the raw material of Mold Making and composite
After purchase, composite is melted, the composite of melting is injected into the die cavity of mould, depanning after cooling is tested, its
In qualified packaging and storage；Underproof pulverization process；Material after crushing can be added in raw material and reused；Cannot utilize
As waste process.
Above specific embodiment and case study on implementation are to a kind of the little more anti-than chi of utilization composite proposed by the present invention
The concrete support of protection structure analogy method technological thought, it is impossible to which protection scope of the present invention is limited with this, it is every according to the present invention
The technological thought of proposition, any equivalent variations done on the basis of the technical program or equivalent change, still fall within this
The scope of bright technical scheme protection.
All explanations not related in the specific embodiment of the present invention belong to techniques known, refer to known skill
Art is carried out.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of utilization composite is little than chi safeguard structure analogy method, it is characterised in that comprise the steps：
Step one：Analysis regulating structure and safeguard structure design methods；
Step 2：The composite for selecting adjustable density, size, shape to reinvent, with the composite selected little ratio is made
Chi model, and the model is tested, realize little than the simulation of chi safeguard structure；
Step 3：Analysis soft raft connecting mode deviates the impact to soft raft simulation with geometric similarity；
The operation of step one includes：Reduced scale simulation is carried out according to the structural shape and its technical indicator of building：
It is respectively for the method for operating of dam body simulation, three parts of soft raft simulation and frame structure simulation；Obtained by analysis
（1）When dam body is simulated, using the level of equivalent grain size with the simulation of block stone, you can it is similar to meet quality, and dam stability is met automatically
And dam deformation is similar；（2）When soft raft is simulated, 1 is taken:Less than 10 it is little than chi safeguard structure analogue technique；（3）Framework is tied
When structure is simulated, 1 is taken:Less than 5 it is little than chi safeguard structure analogue technique；
The operation of step 2 includes：Selection unit weight is adjustable, easy-formation material, realizes little than the simulation of chi safeguard structure：It is described compound
Material is selected from：Fluoroplastics, nylon, the mixing of glass fibre multiple material, add appropriate fusion agent, density adjuster and stablize
Agent, forms through mixed refining process and has density in 1.1 ~ 2.5g/cm3In the range of it is adjustable, making different size not similar shape can be melted
The composite of shape.
2. utilization composite according to claim 1 is little than chi safeguard structure analogy method, it is characterised in that step
Two operation includes：Selection unit weight is adjustable, easy-formation material, realizes little than the simulation of chi safeguard structure；
Density 2.4g/cm3The concrete mass ratio formula of composite be：Fluoroplastics 79%, nylon 13%, glass fibre 8%
Mix and add fusion agent, density adjuster and stabilizer, density is adjusted to 2.4g/cm3；
The density is 1.32g/cm3The concrete mass ratio formula of composite be：Fluoroplastics 4%, nylon 9 2.5%, glass fibers
Dimension 3.5% mixes and adds fusion agent, density adjuster and stabilizer, and density is adjusted to 1.32g/cm3。
3. utilization composite according to claim 1 is little than chi safeguard structure analogy method, it is characterised in that step
Three include：Impact and shadow to isostere deformation of the analysis soft raft ballast block with row's pad connecting mode simulation to stability
Ring, and inquire into geometric similarity and deviate the impact that effect is simulated to soft raft.
4. utilization composite according to claim 1 is little than chi safeguard structure analogy method, it is characterised in that step
Three tool operating bodies include：（1）The concrete for selecting the D types series concrete block soft raft and THE LOWER YANGTZE VALLEY of Yangtze middle reaches application to adopt
Interlocking segment soft raft carries out comparative study as typical soft raft；（2）Using normal state 1:10 pairs of D type series concrete blocks and coagulation
Two kinds of ballast blocks of native interlocking segment are simulated, ballast block and the simulation of arrangement consider respectively the actual tying mode of engineering with
The conventional bonding mode in interior；（3）Isostere stability is contrasted by tank Fixed bed experiment, isostere is contrasted by tank Mobile bed experiment
Deformation state, the feasibility of final comprehensive analysis bonding mode simulation；（4）Meet quality using varible slope flume experimental study similar
Under the conditions of, geometric similarity deviates the impact to soft raft stability.
5. the utilization composite according to one of claim 1-4 is little than chi safeguard structure analogy method, and its feature exists
In in step 2, the work flow of model configuration is as follows：After Mold Making and the purchasing of raw materials of composite, will be compound
Material molten, by the composite of melting the die cavity of mould is injected, and depanning after cooling is tested, wherein qualified packaging
Warehouse-in；Underproof pulverization process；Material after crushing is added and reused in raw material；It is unserviceable to process as waste.
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| CN111982632B (en) * | 2020-08-27 | 2023-11-21 | 大同煤矿集团有限责任公司 | Weakening zone simulation method for weakening coal mine roof cutting |
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