CN105478799A - Slender shaft one-cutter turning method - Google Patents
Slender shaft one-cutter turning method Download PDFInfo
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- CN105478799A CN105478799A CN201610000041.XA CN201610000041A CN105478799A CN 105478799 A CN105478799 A CN 105478799A CN 201610000041 A CN201610000041 A CN 201610000041A CN 105478799 A CN105478799 A CN 105478799A
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- cutter
- tool
- turning
- conventional method
- cutting edge
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23B—TURNING; BORING
- B23B1/00—Methods for turning or working essentially requiring the use of turning-machines; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such methods
Abstract
The invention discloses a slender shaft one-cutter turning method. The slender shaft one-cutter turning method is characterized by comprising the following steps: materials are prepared; conventional heat treatment and straightening treatment are performed; a center hole is drilled by a conventional method, and a workpiece clamping end is pre-turned; a lathe with a follow rest structure is adopted, a support head of the follow rest is a cuboid structure, and an orthographic projection of a support surface of the support head in the axis direction of the support head is rectangular; cutter selection: a tool cutting edge angle of a turning tool is 90-93 degrees, a tool minor cutting edge angle of the turning tool is 7-9 degrees, and a rake angle is 20-27 degrees; cutter installation: a cutter nose is lower than the axis by 0.1 mm; clamping method: an axial thermal extension gap more than 1 mm is reserved by a screw nut; and the turning is finished by a conventional method. The slender shaft one-cutter turning method is high in effect, can turn an excircle part body of a workpiece slender shaft by one cutter, only needs about 20 minutes to turn a slender shaft about 2 meter, improves the effect by about 30 times, is high in processing precision and stable and reliable in quality, saves the processing cost, and can save the processing cost by above 70% through batch production.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of processing method of slender axles workpiece, the method that especially a kind of slender axles workpiece one cutter car becomes.
Background technology
The axial workpiece that Workpiece length and diameter ratio are greater than 25 is called slender axles by prior art usually, such as, feed rod on lathe, leading screw.Although slender axles profile is also uncomplicated, but because himself rigidity is low, by the impact of the factors such as cutting force, gravity, heat in metal cutting during turning, easy generation vibration and flexural deformation, and produce the defects such as tapering, dolioform and laemodipodiform, be difficult to ensure machining accuracy, what make slender axles cuts into as the larger processing technology of difficulty, common process is generally on the lathe having follow-rest and centre frame, could become (namely three cutter cars become) by car through rough turn, half finish turning, finish turning three process.
Turning slender axles have three key technologies: use centre frame and follow-rest to make supplemental support, strengthen the rigidity of workpiece; Solve workpiece thermal deformation and extend problem; The geometry of choose reasonable lathe tool.Adopt follow-rest to do supplemental support, follow-rest is mobile with the feeding of lathe tool, offsets back force, and can increase the rigidity of workpiece, Reducing distortion, thus improves the form accuracy of slender axles and reduce surface roughness value.But the supporting head of the supporting foot of existing follow-rest is generally cylinder or conical structure, this kind of supporting head has the circular arc bearing-surface matched with excircle of workpiece, and the area of its circular arc bearing-surface is less, and power deficiency clamped down on by supplemental support workpiece, causes poor stability in process.Because factors all can affect machining accuracy, cause a procedure to be difficult to ensure machining accuracy, just can complete so existing processing method all has to pass through rough turn, half finish turning, finish turning three process.The bibliographical information that a cutter car becomes slender axles is yet there are no in prior art.
Summary of the invention
The problem to be solved in the present invention is a kind of method providing slender axles one cutter car to become.
The method that slender axles one cutter car becomes, comprises the steps:
(1) get the raw materials ready: length is cut into the blank being greater than overall length 3mm on request;
(2) conventional method heat treatment and alignment process;
(3) the pre-car of centering and clamping workpiece end: conventional method machining center hole on centre bore lathe, completes the pre-turning of clamping workpiece end by dimensional requirement conventional method;
(4) adopt the lathe having follow-rest structure, described follow-rest is provided with two positioning support foots, and the supporting head of positioning support foot is rectangular structure, and described bearing-surface is rectangle along the orthographic projection of supporting head axis direction;
(5) tool selection and installation:
Tool selection: lathe tool tool cutting edge angle is 90 ° ~ 93 °; Lathe tool auxiliary angle is 7 ° ~ 9 °; Anterior angle is 20 ° ~ 27 °; Main cutting edge cutting edge inclination is 3 °, and primary clearance is 12 °, and the chamfered edge width of main cutting edge is 0.5f ~ 0.7f, and chamfer angle is-10 °; Point of a knife is chamfered corner, and wiper edges relief angle is-3 °; Cutting tool installation manner: point of a knife is lower than axis 0.1mm;
(6) clamping method: with the clamping end of the soft pawl clamping work pieces of chuck, the top support of centre bore of the other end, rotate tailstock handwheel, reserve the Axial Thermal elongate gaps of more than 1mm with feed screw nut;
(7) conventional method completes turning process.
First three step of the inventive method be adopt conventional method complete get the raw materials ready, heat treatment, alignment process, centering, clamping workpiece end pre-car.
This method adopts the lathe having follow-rest structure, described follow-rest is provided with two positioning support foots, the supporting head of positioning support foot is rectangular structure, the bearing-surface of described supporting head is rectangle along the orthographic projection of supporting head axis direction, the supporting head of this rectangular structure, compare with the supporting head of cylinder or conical structure, the area of its bearing-surface can increase more than 20%, and its supporting role has superpower stability.
Tool selection and the installation of the inventive method are most important.In this technique, the grinding of wiper edges is after cutter milled, is contained on cutter platform and grinds out a plane triangle (this " plane triangle " is defined as smoothing face by this description) with hard fine oil stone.In prior art, wiper edges is parallel to shaft core line, and smoothing face is perpendicular to basal plane.
The smoothing face of the inventive method, roughness is more than Ra0.8 μm, and ensure the axis being parallel of wiper edges and workpiece, length is 1.5-2f, under the effect of larger cutting force, in whole working angles, smoothing face and the triangular structure having the supporting head of superpower stability to remain stable of two rectangular structure of follow-rest of the present invention, ensure that process is disposable and complete smoothly.Simultaneously, in process, smoothing face of the present invention not only has conventional press polish effect, because smoothing face and the angle of the vertical plane crossing wiper edges are 3 ° (these are defined as by this description: wiper edges relief angle is for-3 °), this gradient in smoothing face, just in time played the effect of picking-up slender axles machined surface (avoiding because gravity causes sagging), effectively prevent slender axles workpiece due to poor rigidity is difficult to ensure the problem of machining accuracy.
The Cutting tool installation manner of the inventive method, adopts point of a knife lower than the installation method of axis 0.1mm, is conducive to cutting penetration of a cutting tool, avoids conventional method point of a knife and the contour installation of axis, cut the problem that penetration of a cutting tool is not smooth.
The present invention adopts the follow-rest of above-mentioned peculiar structure, mates the cutter of above-mentioned peculiar geometry, then is equipped with the above-mentioned peculiar installation method of cutter, has ensured the realization of " a cutter car becomes slender axles ".
Tool of the present invention has the following advantages:
1, its effect is high, improves effect about 30 times.Process a workpiece, turning slender axles cylindrical portion main body only needs a procedure, and namely a cutter can become by car, and the slender axles of about 2 meters only take about 20 minutes.2, the inventive method effective guarantee one procedure just can meet requirement on machining accuracy, and crudy is reliable and stable.3, saved processing cost, batch machining can save processing cost more than 70%.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the assembly structure schematic diagram of a kind of follow-rest embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the supporting head perspective view of a kind of follow-rest embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the main TV structure schematic diagram of three kinds of follow-rest supporting heads (a kind of follow-rest embodiment of column structure, conical structure and invention).
Fig. 4 is the contrast schematic diagram of the bearing-surface expanded view of three kinds of follow-rest supporting heads (a kind of follow-rest embodiment of column structure, conical structure and the present invention).
Fig. 5 is the cutter structure schematic diagram of an embodiment of the present invention.
In figure: positioning support foot 2, bearing-surface 3, supporting head 4, the supporting head 5 of column structure, the supporting head 6 of conical structure, wiper edges 11, smoothing face 12.
Detailed description of the invention
Embodiment 1
The method that slender axles one cutter car becomes, comprises the steps:
(1) get the raw materials ready: length is cut into the blank being greater than overall length 3mm on request;
(2) conventional method heat treatment and alignment process;
(3) the pre-car of centering and clamping workpiece end: conventional method machining center hole on centre bore lathe, completes the pre-turning of clamping workpiece end by dimensional requirement conventional method;
(4) adopt the lathe having follow-rest structure, described follow-rest is provided with two positioning support foots, and the supporting head of positioning support foot is rectangular structure, and described bearing-surface is rectangle along the orthographic projection of supporting head axis direction;
(5) tool selection and installation:
Tool selection: lathe tool tool cutting edge angle is 90 ° ~ 93 °; Lathe tool auxiliary angle is 7 ° ~ 9 °; Anterior angle is 20 ° ~ 27 °; Main cutting edge cutting edge inclination is 3 °, and primary clearance is 12 °, and the chamfered edge width of main cutting edge is 0.5f ~ 0.7f, and chamfer angle is-10 °; Point of a knife is chamfered corner, and wiper edges relief angle is-3 °; Cutting tool installation manner: point of a knife is lower than axis 0.1mm;
(6) clamping method: with the clamping end of the soft pawl clamping work pieces of chuck, the top support of centre bore of the other end, rotate tailstock handwheel, reserve the Axial Thermal elongate gaps of more than 1mm with feed screw nut;
(7) conventional method completes turning process.
As shown in Figures 1 to 5, first three step of the inventive method be adopt conventional method complete get the raw materials ready, heat treatment, alignment process, centering, clamping workpiece end pre-car.
As shown in Figure 1, Figure 2, Figure 4 shows, this method adopts the lathe having follow-rest structure, described follow-rest is provided with two positioning support foots 2, the supporting head 4 of positioning support foot 2 is rectangular structure, the bearing-surface 3 of described supporting head 4 is rectangle along the orthographic projection of supporting head 4 axis direction, and the supporting head 4 of this rectangular structure, compares with the supporting head of cylinder or conical structure, the area of its bearing-surface 3 can increase more than 20%, and its supporting role has superpower stability.
As shown in Figure 3,5 is the supporting head of column structure; 6 is the supporting head of conical structure; 4 supporting heads that are a kind of follow-rest embodiment (rectangular structure) of the present invention.As shown in Figure 4, a, b, c are respectively the expanded view of the bearing-surface of three kinds of different follow-rest supporting heads.A is conical structure, and b is column structure, and c is the rectangular structure of the embodiment of the present invention.From figure contrast, the area of the bearing-surface of several supporting head has notable difference, and more little support stability is poorer for the area of bearing-surface, follow-rest supporting head of the present invention, and the area of its bearing-surface is maximum, therefore its supporting role has superpower stability.
Tool selection and the installation of the inventive method are most important.As shown in Figure 5, in this technique, the grinding of wiper edges 11 is after cutter milled, is contained on cutter platform and grinds out a plane triangle (this " plane triangle " is defined as smoothing face 12 by this description) with hard fine oil stone.In prior art, wiper edges 11 is parallel to axis of workpiece, and smoothing face 2 is perpendicular to basal plane.
As shown in Figure 1, Figure 2, Figure 5, the smoothing face 12 of the inventive method, roughness is more than Ra0.8 μm, and ensure that wiper edges 11 is parallel with axis of workpiece, length is 1.5-2f, under the effect of larger cutting force, in whole working angles, smoothing face 12 remains stable triangular structure with the supporting head 4 of superpower stability that has of two rectangular structure of follow-rest of the present invention, ensure that process is disposable and completes smoothly.Simultaneously, in process, smoothing face 12 of the present invention not only has conventional press polish effect, because smoothing face 12 and the angle of the vertical plane crossing wiper edges 11 are 3 ° (these are defined as by this description: wiper edges relief angle is for-3 °), this gradient in smoothing face 12, just in time played the effect of picking-up slender axles machined surface (avoiding because gravity causes sagging), efficiently solving slender axles workpiece due to poor rigidity is difficult to ensure the problem of machining accuracy.
The Cutting tool installation manner of the inventive method, adopts point of a knife lower than the installation method of axis 0.1mm, is conducive to cutting penetration of a cutting tool, avoids conventional method point of a knife and the contour installation of axis, cut the problem that penetration of a cutting tool is not smooth.
Certainly, cutter clamping method of the present invention, also can adopt that elastic movable is top reaches same purpose.
The present invention is not limited to the concrete steps of above-described embodiment, and other similar approach according to the equivalent transformation of the inventive method all falls within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. a method for slender axles one cutter car one-tenth, is characterized in that comprising the steps:
(1) get the raw materials ready: length is cut into the blank being greater than overall length 3mm on request;
(2) conventional method heat treatment and alignment process;
(3) the pre-car of conventional method centering and clamping workpiece end: conventional method machining center hole on centre bore lathe, completes the pre-turning of clamping workpiece end by dimensional requirement conventional method;
(4) adopt the lathe having follow-rest structure, described follow-rest is provided with two positioning support foots, and the supporting head of positioning support foot is rectangular structure, and described bearing-surface is rectangle along the orthographic projection of supporting head axis direction;
(5) tool selection and installation:
Tool selection: lathe tool tool cutting edge angle is 90 ° ~ 93 °; Lathe tool auxiliary angle is 7 ° ~ 9 °; Anterior angle is 20 ° ~ 27 °; Main cutting edge cutting edge inclination is 3 °, and primary clearance is 12 °, and the chamfered edge width of main cutting edge is 0.5f ~ 0.7f, and chamfer angle is-10 °; Point of a knife is chamfered corner, and wiper edges relief angle is-3 °; Cutting tool installation manner: point of a knife is lower than axis 0.1mm;
(6) clamping method: with the clamping end of the soft pawl clamping work pieces of chuck, the top support of centre bore of the other end, rotate tailstock handwheel, reserve the Axial Thermal elongate gaps of more than 1mm with feed screw nut;
(7) conventional method completes turning process.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201610000041.XA CN105478799B (en) | 2016-01-01 | 2016-01-01 | The knife car of slender axles one into method |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201610000041.XA CN105478799B (en) | 2016-01-01 | 2016-01-01 | The knife car of slender axles one into method |
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| CN105478799A true CN105478799A (en) | 2016-04-13 |
| CN105478799B CN105478799B (en) | 2018-01-16 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN201610000041.XA Expired - Fee Related CN105478799B (en) | 2016-01-01 | 2016-01-01 | The knife car of slender axles one into method |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104889507A (en) * | 2015-07-04 | 2015-09-09 | 云南冶金昆明重工有限公司 | Long lead screw turning method |
| CN111805636A (en) * | 2020-06-08 | 2020-10-23 | 东南大学 | Single-shaft three-tool-rest wood lathe |
Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4383457A (en) * | 1980-12-29 | 1983-05-17 | Snyder Corporation | Work support and drive for elongate slender parts |
| DE10134176A1 (en) * | 2000-07-14 | 2002-01-24 | Alu Menziken Ind Ag Menziken | High precision processing of external surface of thin-walled pipe involves clamping pipe at one end, moving external processing tool axially along pipe from other end with relative rotation |
| CN103240429A (en) * | 2013-05-17 | 2013-08-14 | 四川六合锻造股份有限公司 | Turning tool for quickly turning sample and fixed-size cutting method adopting same |
| CN103302318A (en) * | 2012-03-17 | 2013-09-18 | 江苏省江阴中等专业学校 | Lifting-looping type multifunctional adjustable two-jaw moving stay |
| CN103551611A (en) * | 2013-11-01 | 2014-02-05 | 无锡雨田精密工具有限公司 | Grooving forming blade |
| CN103611948A (en) * | 2013-11-29 | 2014-03-05 | 内蒙古北方重工业集团有限公司 | Method for machining long and thin rod part on ordinary lathe |
-
2016
- 2016-01-01 CN CN201610000041.XA patent/CN105478799B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4383457A (en) * | 1980-12-29 | 1983-05-17 | Snyder Corporation | Work support and drive for elongate slender parts |
| DE10134176A1 (en) * | 2000-07-14 | 2002-01-24 | Alu Menziken Ind Ag Menziken | High precision processing of external surface of thin-walled pipe involves clamping pipe at one end, moving external processing tool axially along pipe from other end with relative rotation |
| CN103302318A (en) * | 2012-03-17 | 2013-09-18 | 江苏省江阴中等专业学校 | Lifting-looping type multifunctional adjustable two-jaw moving stay |
| CN103240429A (en) * | 2013-05-17 | 2013-08-14 | 四川六合锻造股份有限公司 | Turning tool for quickly turning sample and fixed-size cutting method adopting same |
| CN103551611A (en) * | 2013-11-01 | 2014-02-05 | 无锡雨田精密工具有限公司 | Grooving forming blade |
| CN103611948A (en) * | 2013-11-29 | 2014-03-05 | 内蒙古北方重工业集团有限公司 | Method for machining long and thin rod part on ordinary lathe |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104889507A (en) * | 2015-07-04 | 2015-09-09 | 云南冶金昆明重工有限公司 | Long lead screw turning method |
| CN111805636A (en) * | 2020-06-08 | 2020-10-23 | 东南大学 | Single-shaft three-tool-rest wood lathe |
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| CN105478799B (en) | 2018-01-16 |
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