CN105466761B - The automatic centring device of metal stretching sample in low temperature environment chamber - Google Patents
The automatic centring device of metal stretching sample in low temperature environment chamber Download PDFInfo
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- CN105466761B CN105466761B CN201510931320.3A CN201510931320A CN105466761B CN 105466761 B CN105466761 B CN 105466761B CN 201510931320 A CN201510931320 A CN 201510931320A CN 105466761 B CN105466761 B CN 105466761B
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- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 95
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 95
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 241000397426 Centroberyx lineatus Species 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 abstract description 15
- 238000009661 fatigue test Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035807 sensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009864 tensile test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001960 triggered effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
- G01N3/04—Chucks
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- Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of automatic centring device of metal stretching sample in low temperature environment chamber.Including clamping antomatic aligning mechanism, coupling mechanism, retaining mechanism and floating automatic centering mechanism, metal stretching specimen clamping is locked in coupling mechanism by retaining mechanism, coupling mechanism upper and lower side connects clamping antomatic aligning mechanism and floating automatic centering mechanism respectively, floating automatic centering mechanism is arranged on base, and clamping antomatic aligning mechanism can move up and down.The present invention is simple and practical, effectively reduces the energy expenditure in environmental test chamber；Automatic capturing and the centering of metal stretching sample are realized, reduces error, it is ensured that precision, and the fatigue test under metal stretching sample high-frequency can be realized, cost is saved, reduces the wasting of resources.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of workpiece centralising device, more specifically, more particularly, to a kind of low temperature environment chamber
The automatic centring device of interior metal stretching sample.
Background technology
At present, during metal stretching sample fatigue testing at low temperature, the wedge grip up and down of traditional fatigue rig
Whether head causes us can not judge metal stretching sample keeps Shaft alignment state, the folder up and down of metal stretching sample in clamping process
Hold centering and complete the clamping of metal stretching sample, centering according to upper and lower clamping sequence, with sensation and experience mainly by technical staff.
In the case of low frequency or static tensile test, the problem of centering up and down of metal stretching sample due to result of the test is influenceed compared with
It is small and often by experiment technical staff ignore.During metal stretching sample high-frequency fatigue test, due to metal stretching
Sample axially bears to stretch and compress the high frequency load of both direction, solves the problems, such as that metal stretching sample clamps centering and just become up and down
Urgently get up.Prior art has lacked a kind of reliable metal stretching specimen clamping, centralising device, for that can obtain accurately examination
Result is tested, improves the precision of test data, changes traditional metal stretching specimen clamping mode, this is the key solved the problems, such as.
The content of the invention
The invention aims to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, there is provided metal stretching in a kind of low temperature environment chamber
The automatic centring device of sample, metal stretching sample holder automatic aligning and metal stretching sample automatic centering can be realized.
The purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions：
The present invention includes clamping antomatic aligning mechanism, coupling mechanism, retaining mechanism and floating automatic centering mechanism, and metal is drawn
Stretch specimen clamping to lock by retaining mechanism in coupling mechanism, coupling mechanism upper and lower side connects clamping antomatic aligning mechanism respectively
With floating automatic centering mechanism, floating automatic centering mechanism is arranged on base, clamps antomatic aligning mechanism top and hydraulic cylinder
Piston connects, and hydraulic cylinder piston moves up and down under hydraulic cylinder drive, and hydraulic cylinder piston connects the sliding block at both ends through sliding bar, sliding
Packaged in cylindrical slideway and to move up and down, cylindrical slideway is fixed on base.
Described clamping antomatic aligning mechanism includes clamp, push rod and automatic aligning component, and clamp upper end is embedded into hydraulic pressure
Formed a fixed connection in the hole slot of cylinder piston, clamp bottom is provided with swallow-tail form chamber, and intracavitary end is more than outer end, and the both sides of intracavitary are symmetrical
Equipped with two automatic aligning components of structure identical, the upper end of coupling mechanism is clamped in automatic aligning component, automatic aligning
Component is connected with push rod by lever construction, and the up and down motion of automatic aligning component is realized by swinging up and down for push rod.
Described automatic aligning component includes wedge-shaped fixture block, wedge-shaped clamping plate and guide rod, and wedge-shaped fixture block is arranged on wedge grip
On the inside of plate, wedge-shaped clamping plate lateral wall is connected to the inwall of clamp swallow-tail form chamber；The medial surface of wedge-shaped clamping plate is provided with groove, wedge-shaped card
The outside of block is provided with flange, and flange is embedded into groove；Flange is provided with shoulder hole vertically, and guide rod, which runs through, is mounted in rank
In terraced hole, the top surface up and down of groove is provided with the locating slot for being used for guide rod insertion radial positioning, is cased with stage clip in guide rod, is oriented to
Bar bottom is provided with bar flange, and the top end of compression spring and bottom are withstood on the step surface of shoulder hole and bar flange respectively.
Described coupling mechanism includes cryogenic box and connected with the active centering connecting rod that is placed in cryogenic box, driven centering
Bar；Cryogenic box top surface and bottom center have active centring hole and driven centring hole, and the top of active centering connecting rod is worn
It is clamped in after crossing active centring hole in the automatic aligning component between two wedge-shaped fixture blocks, metal stretching sample top passes through
Retaining mechanism is installed in the centre bore of active centering connecting rod bottom, and metal stretching sample bottom is installed to by retaining mechanism
In the centre bore on driven centering connecting rod top, the bottom of driven centering connecting rod passes through coaxial with multi-directional ball after driven centring hole
It is fixedly connected；Low temperature chamber interior wall is provided with illuminating lamp and temperature sensor, and cryogenic box stretches built with towards metal stretching sample
The low temperature extensometer at position.
Described cryogenic box side wall is built-in with the spun-glass insulation cotton for insulation.
Described retaining mechanism includes active tight locking button, driven tight locking button, active lock washer and driven lock washer；Gold
The top of category tensile sample is the metal stretching sample active end of thread, and the centre bore of active centering connecting rod bottom is spiral shell in active
Line connecting hole, metal stretching sample active end of thread screw thread is attached in active internal thread connecting hole, and passes through active tight locking button spiral shell
Line connection locking；The bottom of metal stretching sample is metal stretching sample slave thread end, in driven centering connecting rod top
Heart hole is driven internal thread connecting hole, and metal stretching sample slave thread end screw thread is attached in driven internal thread connecting hole, and is led to
Cross driven tight locking button threaded connection locking.
Described floating automatic centering mechanism includes multi-directional ball lock, semi-spherical grooves and XY to slipway mechanism；Multi-directional ball fills
It is clipped in the spherical cavity formed between multi-directional ball lock and semi-spherical grooves, passes through left locking between multi-directional ball lock and semi-spherical grooves
Bolt and right clamping screw are fixed, and are uniformly installed along the same circle spacing between multi-directional ball upper face and multi-directional ball lock inwall
There is multi-directional ball to latch annular pressure sensor, it is uniform along the same circle spacing between multi-directional ball lower surface and semi-spherical grooves inwall
Semi-spherical grooves annular pressure sensor is installed；Semi-spherical grooves bottom is fixedly connected with semi-spherical grooves base, semi-spherical grooves base
Being connected to can be along the XY that horizontal perpendicular both direction moves to slipway mechanism.
Described XY is specially to slipway mechanism：Y-direction stepping motor, the output shaft of Y-direction stepping motor are installed on base
Coaxially connected Y-direction lead screw shaft, screw thread is cased with Y-direction threaded block in Y-direction lead screw shaft, and Y-direction threaded block is fixed on guide's X rail chair bottom surface, X
Guide rail chair is arranged in Y-direction guide rail and moved horizontally along guide rail；On guide's X rail chair by X to leading screw shaft holder be provided with X to
Stepper motor, the coaxially connected X of output shaft of X to stepper motor are cased with X to threaded block, X to lead screw shaft, X to screw thread in lead screw shaft
Semi-spherical grooves base bottom is fixed on to threaded block, semi-spherical grooves floor installation moves horizontally on X direction guiding rails along guide rail.
The wedged gap α formed between wedge-shaped fixture block lateral wall described in both sides is less than between the inwall of swallow-tail form chamber both sides
Wedge grip angle beta.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：
1) it is simple and practical actively with driven centering connecting rod, the energy expenditure in environmental test chamber is effectively reduced, is
Realize that the dynamic fatigue test under metal stretching sample low temperature environment provides basis；
2) automatic capturing and the centering of metal stretching sample are realized, reduces the error of artificial centering, it is ensured that result of the test
Precision；
3) automatic aligning part is clamped, connecting rod has been effectively ensured and test button is in same axis, realizes that metal tries
Dynamic fatigue test under sample high-frequency；
4) package unit is compact-sized, multiple functional, saves cost, reduces the wasting of resources.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is overall structure diagrammatic cross-section of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is control system schematic diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 3 clamps antomatic aligning mechanism enlarged drawing.
In figure：Push rod 1；Wedge-shaped clamping plate 2；Locating slot 5；Guide rod 6；Stage clip 7；Wedge-shaped fixture block 8；Clamp 9；Active centering connects
Extension bar 10；Driven centering connecting rod 11；Active internal thread connecting hole 12；Driven internal thread connecting hole 13；Active tight locking button 14；From
Dynamic tight locking button 15；Active tight locking button internal thread 16；Driven tight locking button internal thread 17；The metal stretching sample active end of thread 18；Gold
Belong to tensile sample 19；Metal stretching sample slave thread end 20；Low temperature extensometer 21；Spun-glass insulation cotton 22；In cryogenic box
Wall 23；Cryogenic box 24；Temperature sensor 25；Bare terminal end 26；Multi-directional ball 27；Driven end gasket seal 28；Drive end gasket seal
29；Driven lock washer 30；Active lock washer 31；Driven centring hole 32；Active centring hole 33；Ten thousand near misses lock 34；Hemisphere
Shape groove 35；Left clamping screw 36；Right clamping screw 37；Y-direction stepping motor 38；Semi-spherical grooves annular pressure sensor 39；It is universal
Ball lock annular pressure sensor 40；Y-direction lead screw shaft 41；X is to stepper motor 42；Semi-spherical grooves base 45；Base 46；Controller
47；Hydraulic cylinder piston 48；Illuminating lamp 49；Cylindrical slideway 50；Sliding block 51；X is to lead screw shaft 52；X is to leading screw shaft holder 53；X
To threaded block 54；Y-direction threaded block 55；Y-direction guide rail 56；Guide's X rail chair 57；X direction guiding rails 58.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiment is described in further detail to the present invention.
The present invention is described further with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.Although the present invention will enter with reference to preferred embodiment
Row description, it is to be appreciated that being not offered as limiting the invention in the embodiment.It can be included on the contrary, the present invention will cover
There are alternative, modified and the equivalent in the scope of the present invention of appended claims restriction.
As shown in figure 1, the present invention includes clamping antomatic aligning mechanism, coupling mechanism, retaining mechanism and floating automatic centering
Mechanism, the clamping of metal stretching sample 19 are locked in coupling mechanism by retaining mechanism, coupling mechanism upper and lower side difference connection clip
Antomatic aligning mechanism and floating automatic centering mechanism are held, floating automatic centering mechanism is arranged on base 46, clamps automatic aligning
Mechanism top is connected with hydraulic cylinder piston 48, and hydraulic cylinder piston 48 moves up and down under hydraulic cylinder drive, and hydraulic cylinder piston 48 passes through
Sliding bar connects the sliding block 51 at both ends, and sliding block 51 is mounted in cylindrical slideway 50 and moves up and down, and cylindrical slideway 50 is fixed on bottom
Seat 46.Cylindrical slideway 50 is fixed on base 46, and hydraulic cylinder piston 48 is under the drive of sliding shoe 52 along cylindrical slideway
50 are pumped.
Clamping antomatic aligning mechanism includes clamp 9, push rod 1 and automatic aligning component, and the upper end of clamp 9 is embedded into hydraulic cylinder work
Formed a fixed connection in the hole slot of plug 48, the bottom of clamp 9 is provided with swallow-tail form chamber, and intracavitary end is more than outer end, and the both sides of intracavitary are symmetrical
Equipped with two automatic aligning components of structure identical, the upper end of coupling mechanism is clamped in automatic aligning component, automatic aligning
Component is connected with push rod 1 by lever construction, and the up and down motion of automatic aligning component is realized by swinging up and down for push rod 1.
As shown in figure 3, automatic aligning component includes wedge-shaped fixture block 8, wedge-shaped clamping plate 2 and guide rod 6, wedge-shaped fixture block 8 is installed
In the wedge-shaped inner side of clamping plate 2, the wedge-shaped lateral wall of clamping plate 2 is connected to the inwall of the swallow-tail form chamber of clamp 9；The one end of push rod 1 is hinged to wedge shape
On clamping plate 2, the middle part of push rod 1 is hinged on clamp 9, is consequently formed lever construction；The medial surface of wedge-shaped clamping plate 2 is provided with groove, wedge
The outside of shape fixture block 8 is provided with flange, and flange is embedded into groove；Flange is provided with shoulder hole vertically, and guide rod 6 runs through
In shoulder hole, the top surface up and down of groove, which is provided with, is used for the locating slot 5 that guide rod 6 inserts radial positioning, is cased with guide rod 6
Stage clip 7, the bottom of guide rod 6 are provided with bar flange, and the top of stage clip 7 and bottom are withstood on the step surface of shoulder hole and bar flange respectively.
The top of clamping coupling mechanism between two wedge-shaped fixture blocks 8 of both sides.
Push rod 1 jacks up wedge-shaped clamping plate 2 after starting, wedge-shaped clamping plate opens along wedge grip angle beta both sides；Wedge-shaped fixture block
8 are pushed up to the top position in wedge-shaped clamping plate 2 by spring 7, and now wedge-shaped fixture block 8 is in open configuration；Bare terminal end 26
It is put into wedge-shaped fixture block 8, presses to wedge-shaped clamping plate 2 using push rod 1, drive wedge-shaped fixture block 8 to clamp bare terminal end 26；Fixture block
Wedged gap α is less than the wedge grip angle beta of wedge-shaped clamping plate, and bare terminal end 26 has a less frictional force with regard to that can make with wedge-shaped fixture block 8
Wedge-shaped fixture block 8 clamps bare terminal end 26 along the both sides displacement of α angles, as pulling force (pressure) constantly increases, the clamping force of wedge-shaped fixture block 8
Also constantly increase, until bare terminal end 26 thoroughly to be clamped to lock jail, so as to form clamping antomatic aligning mechanism.
Coupling mechanism includes cryogenic box 24 and the active centering connecting rod 10, the driven centering connecting rod that are placed in cryogenic box 24
11；The top surface of cryogenic box 24 and bottom center have active centring hole 33 and driven centring hole 32, active centering connecting rod 10
Top through being clamped in the automatic aligning component two wedge-shaped fixture blocks 8 after active centring hole 33, metal stretching
The top of sample 19 is installed to by retaining mechanism in the centre bore of the bottom of active centering connecting rod 10, the bottom of metal stretching sample 19
Be installed to by retaining mechanism in the centre bore on the driven top of centering connecting rod 11, the bottom of driven centering connecting rod 11 pass through from
It is fixedly and coaxially connected after dynamic centring hole 32 with multi-directional ball 27；Low temperature chamber interior wall 23 is provided with illuminating lamp 49 and temperature sensor 25,
Cryogenic box 24 is built with the low temperature extensometer 21 that position is stretched towards metal stretching sample 19.
Metal stretching sample 19 is connected together by active centering connecting rod 11 with driven centering connecting rod 10, three's shape
Into one axially without the entirety of relative displacement；Bare terminal end 26 is by the wedge-shaped positioning and locking of fixture block 8；The driven end of centering connecting rod 11
End is processed to multi-directional ball 27, and multi-directional ball 27 is in floating state.
The side wall of cryogenic box 24 is built-in with the spun-glass insulation cotton 22 for insulation.
Active centering connecting rod 10, driven centering connecting rod 11 and metal stretching sample 19 are placed on cryogenic box by the present invention
Low temperature environment fatigue test is carried out in 24, avoids and whole clamp 9, multi-directional ball 27 is placed in cryogenic box 24, reduces heat in case
Amount consumes, and temperature uniformity in guard box, saves the energy.
The bare terminal end 26 of active centering connecting rod 10 coordinates with active centring hole 33；Driven centering connecting rod 11 and driven centering
Hole 32 coordinates；Metal stretching sample 19 is coordinated with active centering connecting rod 10 and driven centering connecting rod 11 by screw thread pair；It is main
Dynamic centering connecting rod 10, driven centering connecting rod 11, active centring hole 33, driven centring hole 32, multi-directional ball 27, active internal thread
Connecting hole 12, driven internal thread connecting hole 13 composition coupling mechanism.
Retaining mechanism includes active tight locking button 14, driven tight locking button 15, active lock washer 31 and driven lock washer 30；
The top of metal stretching sample 19 is the metal stretching sample active end of thread 18, and the centre bore of the bottom of active centering connecting rod 10 is
Active internal thread connecting hole 12, the screw thread of the metal stretching sample active end of thread 18 is attached in active internal thread connecting hole 12, and is led to
The threaded connection locking of active tight locking button 14 is crossed, is provided between active tight locking button 14 and the end face of active centering connecting rod 10 and actively locks
Pad 31；The bottom of metal stretching sample 19 is metal stretching sample slave thread end 20, the driven top of centering connecting rod 11
Centre bore is driven internal thread connecting hole 13, and the screw thread of metal stretching sample slave thread end 20 is attached to driven internal thread connecting hole 13
It is interior, and be threadedly coupled and locked by driven tight locking button 15, it is provided between driven tight locking button 15 and the driven end face of centering connecting rod 11
Driven lock washer 30.
It is provided with outside cryogenic box 24 at active centring hole 33 for radially spacing drive end gasket seal 29, it is driven
The driven end gasket seal 28 spacing for the driven radial direction of centering connecting rod 11 is installed outside the cryogenic box 24 at centring hole 32.
Gasket seal is used to reduce influence of the cryogenic box external environment condition to cryogenic box inner cryogenic environment, plays sealing low temperature
The effect of case.Active lock washer 16, active tight locking button 14 eliminate the gap between screw thread pair, ensure metal tensile sample 19 with
Active centering connecting rod 10 does not axially have relative displacement.Driven lock washer 30 and driven tight locking button 15 are eliminated between screw thread pair
Gap, ensure that metal tensile sample 19 does not axially have relative displacement with driven centering connecting rod 11.
The end of thread 18 of metal stretching sample 19 coordinates with active internal thread connecting hole 12, and active tight locking button 14 is with actively locking
Tight pad 31 locks the end of thread 18；The end of thread 20 of metal stretching sample 19 coordinates with driven internal thread connecting hole 13, driven
Tight locking button 15 locks the end of thread 20 with driven lock washer 30.So, active tight locking button, driven tight locking button, active lock pad
Piece, driven shim pack of locking are into retaining mechanism.
Floating automatic centering mechanism includes multi-directional ball lock 34, semi-spherical grooves 35 and XY to slipway mechanism；Multi-directional ball 27 fills
It is clipped in the spherical cavity formed between multi-directional ball lock 34 and semi-spherical grooves 35, leads between multi-directional ball lock 34 and semi-spherical grooves 35
Cross left clamping screw 36 and right clamping screw 37 to fix, along same between the upper face of multi-directional ball 27 and ten thousand near misses, 34 inwalls of lock
Circle spacing is uniformly provided with multi-directional ball lock annular pressure sensor 40, the upper face of multi-directional ball 27 and the inwall of semi-spherical grooves 35
Between along the same circle spacing semi-spherical grooves annular pressure sensor 39 is uniformly installed；The bottom of semi-spherical grooves 35 and semi-spherical grooves
Base 45 is fixedly connected, and semi-spherical grooves base 45 is connected to can be along the XY that horizontal perpendicular both direction moves to slipway mechanism.
XY is specially to slipway mechanism：Y-direction stepping motor 38, the output shaft of Y-direction stepping motor 38 are installed on base 46
Coaxially connected Y-direction lead screw shaft 41, screw thread is cased with Y-direction threaded block 55 in Y-direction lead screw shaft 41, and Y-direction threaded block 55 is fixed on X direction guiding rails
57 bottom surfaces of seat, guide's X rail chair 57 are arranged in Y-direction guide rail 56 and moved horizontally along guide rail；By X to leading screw on guide's X rail chair 57
Shaft holder 53 is provided with X to stepper motor 42, and the coaxially connected X of output shaft of from X to stepper motor 42 is to lead screw shaft 52, and X is to silk
Screw thread is cased with X and is fixed on the bottom of semi-spherical grooves base 45, semi-spherical grooves base to threaded block 54 to threaded block 54, X on thick stick axle 52
45 move horizontally on X direction guiding rails 58 along guide rail.
The wedged gap α formed between the lateral wall of both sides wedge shape fixture block 8 is less than the wedge shape between the inwall of swallow-tail form chamber both sides
Angle β.Wedge-shaped fixture block 8 can move up and down along wedged gap α.
Active tight locking button 14 and from both coordinate to tight locking button 15, eliminates metal stretching sample 19 and is connected with active internal thread
Gap between hole 12, metal stretching sample 19 and driven internal thread connecting hole 13, ensure that metal tensile sample 19 and active are right
Do not relatively moved between middle connecting rod 10 and driven centering connecting rod 11.
Y-direction stepping motor 38 and X drive Y-direction lead screw shaft 41 and X to lead screw shaft 52 to hemispherical respectively to stepper motor 42
The position of groove 35 is finely adjusted, and realizes that floating multi-directional ball 27 does not stress in radial direction, and power all can be axially at an arbitrary position
Transmitted；Left clamping screw 36 and right clamping screw 37 will lock between multi-directional ball lock 34 and semi-spherical grooves 35.
Active centering connecting rod 10 coordinates with centring hole 33 on cryogenic box, centering under driven centering connecting rod 11 and cryogenic box
Hole 32 coordinates, and metal stretching sample 19 is cooled down in cryogenic box 24, is incubated；Gasket seal 29 coordinates with bare terminal end 26, is close
Gasket 29 coordinates with floating end 27, it is ensured that low temperature the temperature inside the box even variation；Bare terminal end 26 is locked by wedge-shaped clamping plate 2, actively
Centering connecting rod 10, metal stretching sample 19, the driven three of centering connecting rod 11 are on same axis, and multi-directional ball 27 is freely
Quick condition.
As shown in Fig. 2 also including controller 47, temperature sensor 25, low temperature extensometer 21, semi-spherical grooves annular pressure pass
Sensor 39 and multi-directional ball lock annular pressure sensor 40 are connected to the input interface of controller 47, the input interface of controller 47
It is connected through magnetic valve with hydraulic cylinder piston 48, input interface and the Y-direction stepping motor 38 and X of controller 47 connect to stepper motor 42
Connect, the input interface of controller 47 is connected through motor with the refrigeration compressor of cryogenic box 24.
Multi-directional ball lock annular pressure sensor 40 transmits multi-directional ball and latches the pressure signal of 34 pairs of multi-directional balls 27, hemispherical
Grooved ring shape pressure sensor 39 transmits pressure signal of the multi-directional ball 27 to semi-spherical grooves 35, judges that metal stretching tries according to this signal
The position of the off-axis of sample 19.
Multi-directional ball tight locking button 34, semi-spherical grooves 35, left clamping screw 36 and right clamping screw 37 are under free floating state
Multi-directional ball 27 lock；Y-direction stepping motor 38 drives Y-direction lead screw shaft to realize movement of the semi-spherical grooves 35 in Y-direction position, and X is to step
Stepper motor 42X realizes semi-spherical grooves 35 in movements of the X to position to lead screw shaft 52.
Low temperature extensometer 21 is fixed on the position among metal stretching sample 19, and low temperature extensometer 21 can detect metal stretching
The change of sample axial displacement, and feed back to controller 47.The low temperature extensometer of 19 middle stretch section of metal stretching sample installation
21 signals pass to controller 47, can conveniently observe the axial displacement situation of change of metal stretching sample 19.
Temperature sensor 25 is fixed on low temperature chamber interior wall 23, can monitor temperature change in cryogenic box in real time, and feed back to
Controller 47.
Illuminating lamp 49 is used to conveniently observe the metal stretching sample 19 in low temperature seal case 24.Illuminating lamp 50 is arranged on low
On incubator inwall 23, when viewing test phenomenon is needed, illuminating lamp 50 is opened, and otherwise closes illuminating lamp 50.
Apparatus of the present invention are generally used for the automatic aligning of metal stretching sample, and the automatic centering of metal stretching sample is to realize
High-frequency fatigue test under metal stretching sample low temperature environment, it will nevertheless be understood that the present invention can be additionally used in other analogs
Automatic centering.
The specific implementation course of work of the present invention is as follows：
Controller 47 is controlled to hydraulic cylinder piston 48, and hydraulic cylinder piston 48 drives clamping antomatic aligning mechanism, connection
Mechanism, retaining mechanism, floating automatic centring device, realize the high-frequency fatigue examination of metal stretching sample 19 at low ambient temperatures
Test.
Clamp 9 is fixed on hydraulic cylinder piston 48, and guide rod 6 is inserted in the locating slot up and down 5 of wedge-shaped clamping plate 2, and push rod 1 is logical
Crossing leverage drives wedge-shaped clamping plate 2 to be moved up along wedge grip angle beta, in the presence of stage clip 7 and guide rod 6, wedge-shaped card
Block 8 is pushed up to enough height inside wedge-shaped clamping plate 2, while opens shapes along wedged gap α；Bare terminal end 26 is put into wedge-shaped fixture block 8
Centre, wedge-shaped clamping plate 2 is inside clamp, under the drive of push rod 1, is moved downward along wedge grip angle beta, and wedge-shaped fixture block 8 is in wedge shape
Inside clamping plate 2, close up along wedged gap α, position and lock bare terminal end 26.
In the presence of coupling mechanism, metal stretching sample 19 is placed in the environment of a low temperature, and avoiding will be whole
Clamp 9 and universal ball end 27 are put into cryogenic box 24, reduce the time of environmental chamber at low temperature temperature adjustment, reduce energy resource consumption.
Hemisphere grooved ring shape pressure sensor 39 transmits the pressure signal between multi-directional ball 27 and semi-spherical grooves 35, Y-direction stepping
The size of motor 38 and X to stepper motor 42 according to the signal of semi-spherical grooves annular pressure sensor 39, respectively to Y-direction to lead screw shaft
41 and X is finely adjusted to lead screw shaft 52, it is ensured that active centering connecting rod 10, driven centering connecting rod 11, metal stretching sample 19
Three does not stress in radial direction, and in the axial direction on same axis.So bare terminal end 26 with wedge-shaped fixture block 8
The error brought in connection procedure, on-line composition by the error brought in screw thread pair and the connection process of metal stretching sample 19,
Finally all eliminated by the regulation to multi-directional ball 27, realize active centering connecting rod 10, metal stretching sample 19 and driven
The three of centering connecting rod 11 is on same axis.
Left clamping screw 36 and right clamping screw 37 position multi-directional ball 27 and be fixed on universal by multi-directional ball lock 34
In ball groove 35, at the same keep multi-directional ball lock annular pressure sensor 40 pass to controller 47 pressure signal it is identical.Pressure
Signal and temperature signal pass to controller 47, and low temperature the temperature inside the box is adjusted according to test requirements document for controller 47, makes it
Reach the temperature that experiment is set, and be incubated 15 minutes or so.
After pressure signal and temperature signal all meet test requirements document, controller 47 is according to fatigue testing at low temperature requirement to hydraulic pressure
Cylinder piston 48 is controlled, and hydraulic cylinder piston 48 drives clamping antomatic aligning mechanism, coupling mechanism and floating automatic centring device,
Realize the fatigue test of metal stretching sample 19 under high-frequency.
Using metal stretching sample total length as 120mm, middle effective diameter is 8mm, and the end of thread is the LH-7H- of M16 × 1
35, exemplified by another end of thread is M16 × 1-7H-35, the active centering a diameter of 23mm of connecting rod bare terminal end, non-clamping end is a diameter of
42mm, screw thread pair abutting end are the LH-7h-40 of M16 × 1, the driven universal bulb diameter 48mm of centering connecting rod, screw thread pair abutting end
For M16 × 1-7h-40.Article diameters scope clamped by wedge-shaped fixture block is 20-25mm.
The first step：Start push rod 1, in the presence of leverage, wedge-shaped clamping plate 2 is jacked up and opened along wedge grip angle beta
Shape；Wedge-shaped fixture block 8 jacks up the top position with wedge-shaped clamping plate 2 by spring 7, and open configuration is in along wedged gap α；Clamping
End 26 is put into wedge-shaped fixture block 8, push rod 1 presses to wedge-shaped clamping plate 2, makes it along wedge grip angle beta both sides by active centring hole 32
Close up, while wedge-shaped fixture block 8 closes up under its drive along wedged gap α, bare terminal end 26 and active centering connecting rod 10 are determined
Position and locking.
Second step：The active end of thread 18 of metal stretching sample 19 is connected with the active internal thread of active centering connecting rod 10
Hole 12 coordinates, and active tight locking button 14 and active lock washer 31 eliminate the end face of the active end of thread 18 and the end of active centering connecting rod 10
Gap between face；Slave thread end 20 and the driven internal thread connecting hole 13 of driven centering connecting rod 11 coordinate, driven locking
Button 15 and driven lock washer 17 eliminate the gap between the end face of slave thread end 18 and the driven end face of centering connecting rod 11；This
When, active centering connecting rod 10, metal stretching sample 19, the driven three of centering connecting rod 11 form an entirety, in same
On axis, the multi-directional ball 27 of the driven end of centering connecting rod 11 is floating free state.
3rd step：Semi-spherical grooves 35 are triggered close to floating multi-directional ball 27, semi-spherical grooves annular pressure sensor 39, control
Device 47 receives the signal of semi-spherical grooves annular pressure sensor 39, and Y-direction stepping motor 38 and X drive Y-direction respectively to stepper motor 42
Lead screw shaft 41 and X are to lead screw shaft 52, and control semi-spherical grooves 35 are moved in X/Y plane, until semi-spherical grooves annular pressure sensor
39 signal held stationaries；Left clamping screw 36 and right clamping screw 37 lock semi-spherical grooves 35 and multi-directional ball lock 34, simultaneously
Multi-directional ball is allowed to latch the signal held stationary of annular pressure sensor 39.
4th step：Temperature signal in cryogenic box is passed to controller 47 by temperature sensor 25, and control system is according to tired
Labor tests default temperature value, and the temperature inside the box of cryogenic box 24 is controlled, reaches the temperature of test requirements document；Temperature signal
After all meeting test requirements document with centering signal, controller 47 controls hydraulic cylinder piston 48 according to the given signal movement of experiment.
5th step：Low temperature extensometer 25 detects the change of metal stretching sample axial displacement；Metal stretching sample fatigue is disconnected
After splitting, displacement signal is fed back to controller 47 by low temperature extensometer 21, and control system terminates the motion of magnetic valve, hydraulic cylinder piston
48 stop, and experiment is completed, and test data is recorded.
Controller 47 in specific implementation is 32 single-chip microcomputers, and the place-centrics of semi-spherical grooves is limited in one substantially
In the range of, obtained by experiment, and controller internal RAM fixing address space is previously stored in, stepper motor drives lead screw shaft pair
When semi-spherical grooves position is finely adjusted, can have and be directly invoked by controller.
As can be seen here, the present invention is simple and practical, has prominent significant technique effect, can accurately realize that metal is drawn
Automatic capturing and the centering of sample are stretched, reduces the error of artificial centering, and can effectively reduce the energy expenditure in environmental test chamber,
Cost is saved, available for dynamic fatigue test.
Claims (8)
- A kind of 1. automatic centring device of metal stretching sample in low temperature environment chamber, it is characterised in that：Including clamping antomatic aligning mechanism, coupling mechanism, retaining mechanism and floating automatic centering mechanism, metal stretching sample (19) Clamping is locked in coupling mechanism by retaining mechanism, and coupling mechanism upper and lower side connects clamping antomatic aligning mechanism and floating respectively Automatic centering mechanism, floating automatic centering mechanism are arranged on base (46), and clamping antomatic aligning mechanism top is lived with hydraulic cylinder (48) connection is filled in, hydraulic cylinder piston (48) moves up and down under hydraulic cylinder drive, and hydraulic cylinder piston (48) connects two through sliding bar The sliding block (51) at end, sliding block (51) is mounted in cylindrical slideway (50) and moves up and down, and cylindrical slideway (50) is fixed on base (46)；Described floating automatic centering mechanism includes multi-directional ball lock (34), semi-spherical grooves (35) and XY to slipway mechanism；It is universal In the spherical cavity that ball (27) clamping is formed between multi-directional ball lock (34) and semi-spherical grooves (35), multi-directional ball lock (34) and half It is fixed by left clamping screw (36) and right clamping screw (37) between spherical groove (35), multi-directional ball (27) upper face with it is universal Multi-directional ball lock annular pressure sensor (40), multi-directional ball are uniformly installed along the same circle spacing between ball lock (34) inwall (27) semi-spherical grooves annular pressure is uniformly installed along the same circle spacing between lower surface and semi-spherical grooves (35) inwall to pass Sensor (39)；Semi-spherical grooves (35) bottom is fixedly connected with semi-spherical grooves base (45), and semi-spherical grooves base (45) is connected to can Along the XY that horizontal perpendicular both direction moves to slipway mechanism.
- 2. the automatic centring device of metal stretching sample in a kind of low temperature environment chamber according to claim 1, it is special Sign is：Described clamping antomatic aligning mechanism includes clamp (9), push rod (1) and automatic aligning component, and clamp (9) upper end is embedding Enter into the hole slot of hydraulic cylinder piston (48) and form a fixed connection, clamp (9) bottom is provided with swallow-tail form chamber, and intracavitary end is more than outer End, the both sides of intracavitary are symmetrically equipped with two automatic aligning components of structure identical, and the upper end of coupling mechanism is clamped in automatic tune In heart component, automatic aligning component is connected with push rod (1) by lever construction, and realization is swung up and down automatically by push rod (1) The up and down motion of aligning component.
- 3. the automatic centring device of metal stretching sample in a kind of low temperature environment chamber according to claim 2, it is special Sign is：Described automatic aligning component includes wedge-shaped fixture block (8), wedge-shaped clamping plate (2) and guide rod (6), wedge-shaped fixture block (8) peace On the inside of wedge-shaped clamping plate (2), wedge-shaped clamping plate (2) lateral wall is connected to the inwall of clamp (9) swallow-tail form chamber；Wedge-shaped clamping plate (2) Medial surface be provided with groove, the outside of wedge-shaped fixture block (8) is provided with flange, and flange is embedded into groove；Flange is provided with along vertical side To shoulder hole, guide rod (6), which runs through, to be mounted in shoulder hole, and the top surface up and down of groove, which is provided with, is used for guide rod (6) insertion radially The locating slot (5) of positioning, is cased with stage clip (7) in guide rod (6), and guide rod (6) bottom is provided with bar flange, stage clip (7) top and Bottom is withstood on the step surface of shoulder hole and bar flange respectively.
- 4. the automatic centring device of metal stretching sample in a kind of low temperature environment chamber according to claim 2, it is special Sign is：Described coupling mechanism include cryogenic box (24) and be placed in cryogenic box (24) active centering connecting rod (10), from Dynamic centering connecting rod (11)；Cryogenic box (24) top surface and bottom center have active centring hole (33) and driven centring hole (32), the top of active centering connecting rod (10) is clamped in two in the automatic aligning component after passing through active centring hole (33) Between individual wedge-shaped fixture block (8), metal stretching sample (19) top is installed to active centering connecting rod (10) bottom by retaining mechanism In the centre bore at end, metal stretching sample (19) bottom is installed in driven centering connecting rod (11) top by retaining mechanism In heart hole, the bottom of driven centering connecting rod (11) is fixedly and coaxially connected with multi-directional ball (27) afterwards through driven centring hole (32)； Low temperature chamber interior wall (23) is provided with illuminating lamp (49) and temperature sensor (25), and cryogenic box (24) tries built with towards metal stretching Sample (19) stretches the low temperature extensometer (21) at position.
- 5. the automatic centring device of metal stretching sample in a kind of low temperature environment chamber according to claim 4, it is special Sign is：Described cryogenic box (24) side wall is built-in with the spun-glass insulation cotton (22) for insulation.
- 6. the automatic centring device of metal stretching sample in a kind of low temperature environment chamber according to claim 4, it is special Sign is：Described retaining mechanism includes active tight locking button (14), driven tight locking button (15), active lock washer (31) and driven Lock washer (30)；The top of metal stretching sample (19) is the metal stretching sample active end of thread (18), and active centering connects The centre bore of bar (10) bottom is active internal thread connecting hole (12), and metal stretching the sample active end of thread (18) screw thread is attached to master In dynamic internal thread connecting hole (12), and it is threadedly coupled and is locked by active tight locking button (14)；The bottom of metal stretching sample (19) For metal stretching sample slave thread end (20), the centre bore on driven centering connecting rod (11) top is driven internal thread connecting hole (13), metal stretching sample slave thread end (20) screw thread is attached in driven internal thread connecting hole (13), and passes through driven locking Detain (15) threaded connection locking.
- 7. the automatic centring device of metal stretching sample in a kind of low temperature environment chamber according to claim 1, it is special Sign is：Described XY is specially to slipway mechanism：Y-direction stepping motor (38), Y-direction stepping motor are installed on base (46) (38) the coaxially connected Y-direction lead screw shaft (41) of output shaft, screw thread is cased with Y-direction threaded block (55), Y-direction spiral shell in Y-direction lead screw shaft (41) Line block (55) is fixed on guide's X rail chair (57) bottom surface, and guide's X rail chair (57) is arranged in Y-direction guide rail (56) along guide rail is horizontal and moved It is dynamic；X is provided with to stepper motor (42) to leading screw shaft holder (53) by X on guide's X rail chair (57), X is to stepper motor (42) for the coaxially connected X of output shaft to lead screw shaft (52), X is cased with X to threaded block (54) to screw thread in lead screw shaft (52), and X is to spiral shell Line block (54) is fixed on semi-spherical grooves base (45) bottom, and semi-spherical grooves base (45) is arranged on X direction guiding rails (58) along guide rail Move horizontally.
- 8. the automatic centring device of metal stretching sample in a kind of low temperature environment chamber according to claim 3, it is special Sign is：The wedged gap α formed between wedge-shaped fixture block (8) lateral wall described in both sides is less than between the inwall of swallow-tail form chamber both sides Wedge grip angle beta.
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