CN105463030B - A kind of stalk extracts the diphasic anaerobic technique and equipment of lignocellulosic and methane phase - Google Patents
A kind of stalk extracts the diphasic anaerobic technique and equipment of lignocellulosic and methane phase Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of stalk extract lignocellulosic and methane phase diphasic anaerobic technique and its, stalk carries out pyrohydrolysis by rubbing is broken later, by carrying out enhanced hydrolysis acidification after pyrohydrolysis, the acidification mud that enhanced hydrolysis acidification generates carries out anaerobic fermentation after adjusting by the mixing of part acidic liquid, after another part of acidifying solution is adjusted by the biogas slurry that anaerobic fermentation generates, is mixed with the stalk after pyrohydrolysis and continue enhanced hydrolysis acidification；Remaining acidifying solution carries out anaerobic fermentation；The progress of dissolved floating material is not mechanical and the compound demoulding formation lignocellulosic of waterpower, cleaning sterilize, drying, are packaged and are put in storage after enhanced hydrolysis is acidified；The biogas that enhanced hydrolysis acidification and anaerobic fermentation generate, which exports, to be utilized；The biogas residue that anaerobic fermentation generates is used as organic fertilizer, and extra biogas slurry is used as qualified discharge after organic fertilizer or advanced treating.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to new energy, environmental protection and circular economy field, and in particular to a kind of stalk marsh gas enhanced hydrolysis
The diphasic anaerobic technique and equipment of lignocellulosic and methane phase are extracted in pretreatment.
Background technique
Stalk typically refers to the crops such as wheat, rice and corn remaining part after harvesting seed, and China is agricultural
Big country and stalk big producer.Statistics display, China's stalk theoretical resources amount in 2010 are 8.4 hundred million tons, collect stock number
About 700,000,000 tons, what can be comprehensively utilized is about 500,000,000 tons, but due to lacking effective processing method, every year about 2.47 hundred million tons of straw
Stalk is directly burned, and is not only polluted ambient air environment, is detrimental to health, and causes traffic accident, influences road traffic
And aviation safety, even more to a kind of waste of the energy.The method that the processing of stalk utilizes at present is more, but using stalk as raw material
It is most gentle, stable to carry out biogas anaerobic fermentation, energy consumption is minimum, and pollution-free, ecology and economic benefit are best.
2013, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences and Beijing University of Chemical Technology combined the warp for having carried out stalk marsh gas central gas supply engineering
Help benefit evaluation study, proof analysis the result shows that, under the conditions of existing management, most stalk marsh gas central gas supplies
Engineering can only break even or meagre profit operation.Analog result shows that under conditions of oepration at full load, biogas paying price is in 1 yuan/m3
It is that engineering breaks even the primary condition of operation above；In the case where considering depreciation and operating cost at the same time, stalk marsh gas, which is concentrated, to be supplied
Gas engineering all loses operation, and the investment payback time, there is a serious shortage of economy for engineering at 20 years or more.
It is shown according to Ministry of Agriculture's methane product and equipment quality supervision and inspection center investigation situation, causes problem above
Major reason is the floating crust problem of stalk in anaerobic fermentation process.Stalk crust is to be less than water because of stalk specific gravity,
It after floating up on fermentation vat liquid level, is difficult to be decomposed for a long time, swims in the gas dome of fermentation vat, slowly water shortage, drying shrinkage and shape
At formation produces many adverse effects to anaerobic fermentation: 1) causing the biogas generated that can not enter air storage by the layer that crusts
Room can only be gathered in crust layer lower part, increase the buoyancy of crust layer, or even can be dross blocking discharge nozzle and cause reactor quick-fried
It splits；2) a large amount of biogas decline the pH value of biogas slurry in fermentation liquid, influence to produce gas；3) reduce fermentor dischargeable capacity and
Gas storage space；4) stalk floating prevents stalk from coming into full contact with fermentation liquid, and raw material cannot be decomposed thoroughly, thus dry
Matter residual quantity is big, and final stalk utilization rate is low, and gas production is few；5) solid, liquid, gas three in fermentation vat have been seriously affected to pass on from one to another
Matter, heat transfer and mobility are unfavorable for producing gas.To sum up, the crust process of stalk marsh gas imitates the production gas for directly influencing fermentation vat
Rate and operation stability, even fermentation vat become " sick pond, useless pond ".
The solution of dross broken shell at present has following several:
1) rest broken shell method: in the case where annual winter gas production is low, methane-generating pit 5-7 days out of service is allowed, is reached brokenly
The purpose of shell deslagging.This method can effectively remove dross crust, and method is simple, easy, but needs to stop the supple of gas or steam one week or so, cannot
Continuous gas supply, influences peasant household's gas；
2) inflate broken shell method: using other equipment why in family's methane-generating pit gas dome air pressure, reach broken shell effect.This method
It needs to increase investment, and operating method is more complex using additional equipment；
3) automatic casing breaking methane generating pit: such as making fermentation raw material that can not float to form scum layer using installation baffle, the disadvantage is that
Pond body is more complex, increases investment, and later period maintenance is more difficult, and is only applicable to newly-built pond；
4) it stirs: agitating device is installed in anaerobic digestor.The disadvantage is that being caused due to the stalk accumulation that can not largely degrade
It is not easy to operate, it easily breaks down, maintenance management is complicated.
With the gradually development of stalk marsh gas, how effectively to solve the problems, such as that dross crust has become current stalk marsh gas anaerobism
One major issue of fermentation.
Summary of the invention
The present invention extracts lignocellulosic and methane phase in view of the above-mentioned problems of the prior art, providing a kind of stalk
Diphasic anaerobic technique and equipment.
To solve the above problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a kind of stalk extracts lignocellulosic and methane phase
Diphasic anaerobic technique, stalk by rubbing it is broken after carry out pyrohydrolysis, by carrying out enhanced hydrolysis acidification after pyrohydrolysis,
The acidification mud that enhanced hydrolysis acidification generates carries out anaerobic fermentation, another part of acidifying solution after adjusting by the mixing of part acidic liquid
After being adjusted by the biogas slurry that anaerobic fermentation generates, is mixed with the stalk after pyrohydrolysis and continue enhanced hydrolysis acidification；Residual acid
Change liquid and carries out anaerobic fermentation；The floating material progress machinery and the compound demoulding of waterpower not being dissolved after enhanced hydrolysis acidification form wooden
Cellulose, cleaning, drying, are packaged and are put in storage disinfection；The biogas that enhanced hydrolysis acidification and anaerobic fermentation generate, which exports, to be utilized；Detest
The biogas residue that aerobe fermentation generates is used as organic fertilizer, and extra biogas slurry is used as qualified discharge after organic fertilizer or advanced treating.
Preferably, after stalk is crushed by rubbing, breaking length 50-100mm is crushed diameter≤2mm；Wax layer
Percentage of damage: >=80-90%, organic matter surface area increase 2-3 times, and the non-degradable substance of≤10mm is crushed amount≤10-20% of size.
Rubbing is broken can to make stalk surface wax coat be crushed, and eliminate the inhibition of wax coat, increase stalk total surface area, favorably
It is acidified in subsequent pyrohydrolysis and enhanced hydrolysis.
Preferably, the condition of the pyrohydrolysis is 60-90 DEG C of temperature, time 1-4 hour.
Preferably, the condition of the enhanced hydrolysis acidification are as follows: operating temperature: 20-40 DEG C, pH value: 4-7, total solid
(TS): 5-20%, hydraulic detention time (HRT): 3-9 days, solid retention time (SRT): >=10 days.
Preferably, the concentration after acidification mud is adjusted by the mixing of part acidic liquid is total solid≤2%, temperature 30-40
℃。
Preferably, the concrete mode that the biogas slurry that acidifying solution is generated by anaerobic fermentation is adjusted is that biogas slurry accounts for the two total volume
10%, both acidifying solution and biogas slurry gross mass account for the 20-30% of material in enhanced hydrolysis acidification pool.
Preferably, mechanical and the compound demoulding of waterpower condition are as follows: (degradable substance part system is total for demoulding sorting index
Removal rate) >=95%；Undegraded material destructive rate≤10-20%.
The present invention also provides the diphasic anaerobic equipment that a kind of stalk extracts lignocellulosic and methane phase, including rubbing are broken
Broken machine, pyrohydrolysis pond, enhanced hydrolysis acidification pool, No.1 conditioning tank, No. two conditioning tanks, anaerobic digester and compound stripping machine, institute
It states rubbing crusher to be connected with pyrohydrolysis pond, the pyrohydrolysis pond is connected with enhanced hydrolysis acidification pool, enhanced hydrolysis acidification pool bottom
Portion is equipped with mud discharging mouth, and top is equipped with water outlet, and the mud discharging mouth is connected with No.1 conditioning tank, the No.1 conditioning tank and water outlet
It is connected with No. two conditioning tanks, No. two conditioning tanks are connected with bottom with anaerobic digestion bottom of pond portion, the anaerobic digestion bottom of pond
Portion is also connected at the top of No. two conditioning tanks, is back to No. two conditioning tanks for biogas slurry；The enhanced hydrolysis acidification pool also with waterpower
Mechanical compound ingot stripper is connected.
Waterpower demoulding hulling machine is equipped in the enhanced hydrolysis acidification pool, for controlling water (flow) direction, flow velocity and flow,
Specific flow velocity is 0.5m/s, and flow is 2-10 times of solids.
The No.1 conditioning tank and No. two conditioning tanks are also connected with livestock and poultry feces conditioning tank.
Stalk of the present invention extracts the diphasic anaerobic technique and equipment of lignocellulosic and methane phase, is extracted stalk
Middle lignocellulosic is simultaneously carried out at commodity selling after post-processing appropriate, degradable material carry out anaerobic digestion generate biogas and
Organic fertilizer solves the problems, such as the crust of traditional anaerobic fermentation, realizes while profit and realize harmless treatment.By a large amount of real
The project of testing proves, according to the method for the invention, stalk per ton can produce (average value) biogas 420m3/ t, organic fertilizer: 300kg/
T, lignocellulosic 400kg/t.China presses 400,000,000 tons of stalks every year and calculates, and can realize can produce stock number: biogas: 168,000,000,000 m3
(252,000,000,000 kw.h), organic fertilizer: 1.2 hundred million tons, lignocellulosic: 1.6 hundred million tons.
To sum up, compared with the prior art, advantages of the present invention is summarized as follows:
1) the phenomenon that being resolved the crust problem of anaerobic digester, eliminating " sick pond, useless pond ", and anaerobic digestion
The utilization rate of raw material and factor of created gase are respectively increased about 20% and 150% or so in pond.
2) lignocellulosic obtained can become primary industry raw material and sell, and stalk per ton about produces lignocellulosic
0.4 ton, increase the fund income of enterprise, and without adding any additive, 100% is innoxious.
3) present invention just makes existing straw methane engineering all lose operation, there is a serious shortage of economy and to government subsidy
The status of " dependence " is changed as the enterprise of profit operation, creates technology and economic base for the popularization of straw methane engineering,
It not only solves environmental pollution caused by direct crop straw burning, and huge renewable resource can also be provided every year.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is process flow explanatory diagram of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is device structure schematic diagram of the present invention；
Wherein: 1 rubbing crusher, 2 pyrohydrolysis ponds, 3 enhanced hydrolysis acidification pools, 4 No.1 conditioning tanks, 5 No. two conditioning tanks, 6
Anaerobic digester, the compound stripping machine of 7 hydraulics, 8 stalks, 9 mud discharging mouths, 10 biogas, 11 water outlets, 12 biogas slurries, 13 biogas residues, 14
Waterpower demoulding hulling machine, 15 lignocellulosics, 16 livestock and poultry feces conditioning tanks.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention is described in detail.
Embodiment 1
The Nanjing street Xiao Zhuan original Nanjing ferroalloy works carry out the diphasic anaerobic that stalk extracts lignocellulosic and methane phase
Technique amounts to 400kg wherein stalk used includes rice straw, wheat straw waste and some weeds.
Stalk carries out rubbing by rubbing crusher and is crushed, and breaking length 50-100mm is crushed diameter≤2mm；Cured matter
Layer percentage of damage: >=80-90%, organic matter surface area increase 2-3 times, and the non-degradable substance of≤10mm is crushed amount≤10- of size
20%.Rubbing is broken can to make stalk surface wax coat be crushed, and eliminate the inhibition of wax coat, increase stalk total surface area,
Be conducive to subsequent pyrohydrolysis and enhanced hydrolysis acidification.Enter pyrohydrolysis pond after rubbing is broken and carries out pyrohydrolysis, pyrohydrolysis
Condition is 60 DEG C, and the time is 4 hours.Enhanced hydrolysis acidification is carried out by entering enhanced hydrolysis acidification pool after pyrohydrolysis, is strengthened
There are biogas slurry and water respectively to account for 50% mixed liquor, the condition of enhanced hydrolysis acidification are as follows: operating temperature: 20-40 in hydrolysis acidification pool
DEG C, pH value: 4-7, total solid (TS): 10-20%, hydraulic detention time (HRT): 3-9 days, solid retention time (SRT): >=10
It.After being acidified through enhanced hydrolysis, degradable material accounts for about 58%, and non-degradable material accounts for about 42%, degradable and nondegradable
" separation " Shuai≤95%.The acidification mud that enhanced hydrolysis acidification generates enters No.1 conditioning tank by mud discharging mouth, and part acidic liquid passes through
Water outlet likewise enters No.1 conditioning tank and carries out mixing adjusting with acidification mud, and the concentration after adjusting is 2%, and temperature is 30-40 DEG C,
Anaerobic fermentation is carried out subsequently into anaerobic digester, another part acidifying solution enters No. two conditioning tanks, flows back with anaerobic digester
The electrochemical conditions that adjust of biogas slurry be that biogas slurry both accounts for the 10% of total volume, both acidifying solution and biogas slurry gross mass account for enhanced hydrolysis
The 20-30% of material in acidification pool, return enhanced hydrolysis acidification pool is mixed with the stalk after pyrohydrolysis continues enhanced hydrolysis acid
Change；Remaining acidifying solution carries out anaerobic fermentation；It is compound de- that the floating material not being dissolved after enhanced hydrolysis acidification enters hydraulic
Film machine carries out the compound demoulding of mechanical and waterpower and forms lignocellulosic, mechanical and the compound demoulding of waterpower condition are as follows: demoulding sorting
Rate (the total removal rate of degradable substance part system) >=95%；Undegraded material destructive rate≤10-20%.Lignocellulosic is clear
It washes, sterilize, dry, be packaged and be put in storage；The biogas that enhanced hydrolysis acidification and anaerobic fermentation generate (methane content reaches 60% or more)
Output utilizes；The biogas residue that anaerobic fermentation generates is used as organic fertilizer.It is equipped with waterpower demoulding hulling machine in enhanced hydrolysis acidification pool, uses
In control water (flow) direction, flow velocity, flow and time, specific flow velocity is 0.5m/s, and flow is 2-10 times of solids.
After the above treatments, biogas 180m is generated3, organic fertilizer: 139.2kg, lignocellulosic 168kg/t.
Embodiment 2
Nanjing Liuhe District Xiong Zhou environmental protection equipment factory carries out the diphasic anaerobic work that stalk extracts lignocellulosic and methane phase
Skill counts 300kg wherein stalk used is derived from Nanjing Liuhe District imperial robe township.
Stalk carries out rubbing by rubbing crusher and is crushed, and breaking length 50-100mm is crushed diameter≤2mm；Cured matter
Layer percentage of damage: >=80-90%, organic matter surface area increase 2-3 times, and the non-degradable substance of≤10mm is crushed amount≤10- of size
20%.Rubbing it is broken can stalk surface wax coat be crushed, eliminate the inhibition of wax coat, increase stalk total surface area, have
It is acidified conducive to subsequent pyrohydrolysis and enhanced hydrolysis.Enter pyrohydrolysis pond after rubbing is broken and carries out pyrohydrolysis, the item of pyrohydrolysis
Part is 90 DEG C, and the time is 1 hour.Enhanced hydrolysis acidification, fortified water are carried out by entering enhanced hydrolysis acidification pool after pyrohydrolysis
The mixed liquor for thering is biogas slurry and water respectively to account for 50% in solution acidification pool, the condition of enhanced hydrolysis acidification are as follows: operating temperature: 20-40 DEG C,
PH value: 4.5 ~ 6.5, total solid (TS): 10-20%, hydraulic detention time (HRT): 3-9 days, solid retention time (SRT): >=10
It.After being acidified through enhanced hydrolysis, degradable material accounts for about 58% non-degradable material and accounts for about 42%, degradable and nondegradable
" separation " Shuai≤95%.The acidification mud that enhanced hydrolysis acidification generates enters No.1 conditioning tank by mud discharging mouth, and part acidic liquid passes through
Water outlet likewise enter No.1 conditioning tank with acidification mud carry out mixing adjusting, 2% after adjusting, temperature be 30-40 DEG C, then into
Enter anaerobic digester and carry out anaerobic fermentation, remaining acidifying solution enters No. two conditioning tanks, adjusts with the biogas slurry of anaerobic digester reflux
Electrochemical conditions be that biogas slurry both accounts for the 10% of total volume, both acidifying solution and biogas slurry gross mass account for object in enhanced hydrolysis acidification pool
After the 20-30% of material, return enhanced hydrolysis acidification pool is mixed with the stalk after pyrohydrolysis continues enhanced hydrolysis acidification；Strengthen
Dissolved floating material does not enter the compound stripping machine progress machinery of hydraulic after hydrolysis acidification and the compound demoulding of waterpower forms wood
Matter cellulose, mechanical and the compound demoulding of waterpower condition are as follows: demoulding sorting index (the total removal rate of degradable substance part system)
≥95%；Undegraded material destructive rate≤10-20%.Lignocellulosic cleaning, drying, is packaged and is put in storage disinfection；Enhanced hydrolysis acid
Change and the biogas (methane content reaches 60% or more) of anaerobic fermentation generation is exported and utilized；The biogas residue that anaerobic fermentation generates, which is used as, to be had
Machine fertilizer.It is equipped with waterpower demoulding hulling machine in enhanced hydrolysis acidification pool, for controlling water (flow) direction, flow velocity, flow and time, has
Body flow velocity is 0.5m/s, and flow is 2-10 times of solids.No.1 conditioning tank and No. two conditioning tanks also with livestock and poultry feces conditioning tank
It is connected, keeps C:N ratio more reasonable, economic and social benefit is more preferable.
After the above treatments, biogas 135m is generated3, organic fertilizer: 104.4kg, lignocellulosic 126kg.
Through detecting, after stalk extracts floating material, remaining degradation material enters anaerobic digester, makes anaerobism
Fermentation efficiency improves about 2 ~ 3 times, and by the content balance of lignocellulosic in the stalk to embodiment 2 it is found that charging stalk
Lignocellulose-containing is 68%, reaches state up to 90% or more by being packaged and being put in storage content in the lignocellulose product of formation
The level that family requires, can be used as semi-finished product and is sold, specifically as shown in table 1 to the testing result of lignocellulosic sample.
The testing result for the lignocellulose product that table 1 generates
| Component content | Lignin | Cellulose | Hemicellulose | It is comprehensive |
| Embodiment 1 | 12.246 | 42.183 | 36.084 | 90.513 |
| Embodiment 2 | 13.333 | 45.383 | 32.984 | 91.70 |
According to national standard H200, H500 and H1000, comprehensive content reaches 80% i.e. qualification, and therefore, the present invention is obtained
Lignocellulose product can carry out transaction realize profit.
Claims (10)
1. the diphasic anaerobic technique that a kind of stalk extracts lignocellulosic and methane phase, which is characterized in that stalk is broken by rubbing
Pyrohydrolysis is carried out after broken, by carrying out enhanced hydrolysis acidification after pyrohydrolysis, the acidification mud that enhanced hydrolysis acidification generates passes through
The mixing of part acidic liquid carries out anaerobic fermentation after adjusting, another part of acidifying solution is adjusted by the biogas slurry that anaerobic fermentation generates
Afterwards, it is mixed with the stalk after pyrohydrolysis and continues enhanced hydrolysis acidification；Remaining acidifying solution carries out anaerobic fermentation；Enhanced hydrolysis acid
Dissolved floating material does not carry out the compound demoulding of mechanical and waterpower and forms lignocellulosic after change, and cleaning, drying, is packaged disinfection
And storage；The biogas that enhanced hydrolysis acidification and anaerobic fermentation generate, which exports, to be utilized；The biogas residue that anaerobic fermentation generates is used as organic fertilizer,
Extra biogas slurry is used as qualified discharge after organic fertilizer or advanced treating.
2. the diphasic anaerobic technique that stalk according to claim 1 extracts lignocellulosic and methane phase, which is characterized in that
After stalk is crushed by rubbing, breaking length 50-100mm is crushed diameter≤2mm；Wax layer percentage of damage: >=80-90%,
Organic matter surface area increases 2-3 times.
3. the diphasic anaerobic technique that stalk according to claim 1 extracts lignocellulosic and methane phase, which is characterized in that
The condition of the pyrohydrolysis is 60-90 DEG C of temperature, time 1-4 hour.
4. the diphasic anaerobic technique that stalk according to claim 1 extracts lignocellulosic and methane phase, which is characterized in that
The condition of the enhanced hydrolysis acidification are as follows: operating temperature: 20-40 DEG C, pH value: 4-7, total solid: 5-20%, hydraulic detention time:
3-9 days, solid retention time: >=10 days.
5. the diphasic anaerobic technique that stalk according to claim 1 extracts lignocellulosic and methane phase, which is characterized in that
Being acidified the concentration after mud is adjusted by the mixing of part acidic liquid is total solid≤2%, and temperature is 30-40 DEG C.
6. the diphasic anaerobic technique that stalk according to claim 1 extracts lignocellulosic and methane phase, which is characterized in that
The concrete mode that biogas slurry that acidifying solution is generated by anaerobic fermentation is adjusted is that biogas slurry both accounts for the 10% of total volume, acidifying solution and natural pond
Both liquid gross mass accounts for the 20-30% of material in enhanced hydrolysis acidification pool.
7. the diphasic anaerobic technique that stalk according to claim 1 extracts lignocellulosic and methane phase, which is characterized in that
Mechanical and the compound demoulding of waterpower condition are as follows: demoulding sorting index >=95%；Undegraded material destructive rate≤10-20%.
8. the diphasic anaerobic equipment that a kind of stalk extracts lignocellulosic and methane phase, which is characterized in that including rubbing crusher,
Pyrohydrolysis pond, enhanced hydrolysis acidification pool, No.1 conditioning tank, No. two conditioning tanks, anaerobic digester and compound stripping machine, the rubbing
Crusher is connected with pyrohydrolysis pond, and the pyrohydrolysis pond is connected with enhanced hydrolysis acidification pool, and enhanced hydrolysis acidification bottom of pond portion is equipped with
Mud discharging mouth, top are equipped with water outlet, and the mud discharging mouth is connected with No.1 conditioning tank, and the No.1 conditioning tank and water outlet are with two
Number conditioning tank is connected, and the bottom of No. two conditioning tanks is connected with anaerobic digestion bottom of pond portion, the anaerobic digestion bottom of pond portion also with
It is connected at the top of No. two conditioning tanks, is back to No. two conditioning tanks for biogas slurry；The enhanced hydrolysis acidification pool is also multiple with hydraulic
Ingot stripper is closed to be connected.
9. the diphasic anaerobic equipment that stalk according to claim 8 extracts lignocellulosic and methane phase, which is characterized in that
Waterpower demoulding hulling machine is equipped in the enhanced hydrolysis acidification pool.
10. stalk according to claim 8 extracts the diphasic anaerobic equipment of lignocellulosic and methane phase, feature exists
In the No.1 conditioning tank and No. two conditioning tanks are also connected with livestock and poultry feces conditioning tank.
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| CN106883984B (en) * | 2017-04-26 | 2023-11-21 | 乐山师范学院 | Lignocellulose material high-efficiency methane production device and method |
| CN108017418A (en) * | 2017-12-04 | 2018-05-11 | 中国环境科学研究院 | A kind of stalk shell strengthens minimizing technology and device |
| CN109536537A (en) * | 2018-12-13 | 2019-03-29 | 青岛合能环境技术有限公司 | A kind of industrialized producing technology for accelerating stalk hydrolysis acidification |
| CN112726245B (en) * | 2021-02-02 | 2024-01-26 | 李亚龙 | Wood fiber production process |
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