CN213559101U - Kitchen garbage and beasts and birds excrement are dirty coprocessing preparation biogas system - Google Patents
Kitchen garbage and beasts and birds excrement are dirty coprocessing preparation biogas system Download PDFInfo
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- CN213559101U CN213559101U CN202022351376.0U CN202022351376U CN213559101U CN 213559101 U CN213559101 U CN 213559101U CN 202022351376 U CN202022351376 U CN 202022351376U CN 213559101 U CN213559101 U CN 213559101U
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Abstract
The utility model provides a kitchen garbage and beasts and birds excrement are dirty coprocessing preparation biogas system, includes kitchen garbage pretreatment system, kitchen garbage after handling and beasts and birds excrement and dirt hybrid system, anaerobic fermentation system, marsh gas purification system, anaerobic fermentation after the digestive juice preparation fertilizer system, through mixing the kitchen garbage after will handling with beasts and birds excrement and dirt anaerobic fermentation, purify the marsh gas purification again and dehydrate, the desulfurization, the decarbonization is after preparing biogas. The system can be used for cooperatively treating the kitchen waste and the livestock and poultry manure to prepare the biogas, the anaerobic fermentation biogas slurry and the biogas residues can be effectively utilized to produce the organic fertilizer, the whole system has no pollutant discharge, and the resource utilization of organic wastes is really realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of anaerobic fermentation comprehensive treatment of kitchen waste and livestock and poultry manure, and particularly relates to a system for preparing biogas by cooperatively treating the kitchen waste and the livestock and poultry manure.
Background
China is developed in catering industry and is a world-known large food country. With the rapid increase of economy in China and the continuous improvement of living standard of people, the catering industry is developed at a high speed in recent years, and the yield of kitchen waste is increased day by day. The kitchen waste has the characteristics of high water content, high organic matter content, easy decay and deterioration, fly breeding and the like, if the kitchen waste cannot be effectively treated in time, water pollution, air pollution and the like can be caused, the operation load of cities and towns is increased, and the living environment of people in cities and towns is influenced. The traditional kitchen waste treatment modes comprise aerobic composting, dehydrated landfill and the like, and although the traditional treatment modes can realize the reduction and treatment of the kitchen waste, the treatment effect is deviated, the resource utilization efficiency is low, and secondary pollution is easily caused. Currently, anaerobic fermentation treatment has become a mainstream technology for kitchen waste treatment at home and abroad.
With the scientific and technological progress and the increasingly strict environmental protection requirements, the livestock and poultry breeding industry in China presents a rapid development situation, and the traditional distributed and small-scale breeding mode is gradually replaced by a large-scale, intensive and regional breeding mode. A large amount of livestock and poultry excrement is generated in the large-scale livestock and poultry breeding process, and the livestock and poultry excrement has COD and BOD5High ammonia nitrogen content, complex pollutant components and the like. If the treatment is improper, soil pollution, water pollution, air pollution and the like can be caused, and the ecological environment and the living environment of human are seriously influenced. The anaerobic fermentation process is adopted for treatment, so that the reduction and harmless treatment of the livestock and poultry manure are realized, the resource utilization is realized, the methane, the organic fertilizer and the like are produced, and the method has important significance for the energy consumption for cleaning the area, the development of the circular agriculture, the improvement of the environment and the like.
The promotion of urbanization construction leads urban and rural areas to gradually show an integrated development trend, meanwhile, the construction land is used as a rare resource, the available amount is reduced day by day, and how to comprehensively treat urban and rural domestic garbage and livestock and poultry manure generated by agricultural cultivation becomes a social concern for solving the urban and rural environmental problems and reducing the outstanding contradiction of the use of the construction land.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a system for preparing biogas by the synergistic treatment of kitchen waste and livestock and poultry manure, through which the kitchen waste and the livestock and poultry manure can be simultaneously treated according to a certain proportion, so that the problem that the single kitchen waste or livestock and poultry manure in cities and towns cannot meet the capacity of large-scale anaerobic fermentation treatment is solved, and meanwhile, the system realizes the preparation of biogas and the preparation of organic fertilizer by using biogas, so that biogas generated by the system and digestive juice can be utilized, and the maximization of economic benefit is realized.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme provided by the invention is a system for preparing biogas by cooperatively treating kitchen waste and livestock and poultry manure, which comprises an anaerobic fermentation system and is characterized in that a material pretreatment system is connected to the feed end of the anaerobic fermentation system, and a biogas purification system is connected to the biogas outlet end of the anaerobic fermentation system; the material pretreatment system comprises a kitchen waste pretreatment system and a mixing system mixed with livestock and poultry manure; the biogas purification system comprises a steam-water separation system, a biogas desulfurization system and a carbon dioxide removal system which are sequentially connected; a supercharging device is arranged between the steam-water separation system and the methane desulfurization system; the biogas desulfurization system is a secondary desulfurization system; pressure stabilizing devices are respectively arranged among the methane desulfurization system, the carbon dioxide removal system and other gas consumption points; a discharge port of a digestive liquid after fermentation of the anaerobic fermentation system is connected with a solid-liquid separator, and biogas residues and biogas slurry after solid-liquid separation are respectively sent to a preparation place of a solid organic fertilizer and a preparation place of a liquid organic fertilizer; and conveying the biological sulfur mud desulfurized by the methane desulfurization system to a solid organic fertilizer preparation place as an additive.
The kitchen waste pretreatment system comprises a feeding bin, a pulping separator and an oil removal system which are connected in sequence; the bin is provided with a spiral conveyor and a weighing and metering device, and is used for weighing the kitchen waste and conveying the kitchen waste to the pulping and separating machine; the pulping separator is used for crushing the kitchen waste, removing foreign matters and preparing into slurry; the oil removing system comprises a heating device and an oil removing device, and is used for heating the kitchen waste slurry and separating out oil; and after the oil is separated by the oil removing system, the kitchen waste slurry is sent to a mixing system to be mixed with the livestock and poultry manure.
And a flow meter is arranged on a slurry discharging pipeline of the oil removing system.
The mixing system is a mixing bin, and the mixing bin is provided with a livestock and poultry manure inlet and a kitchen waste slurry inlet; a grating for removing large foreign matters is arranged at the livestock and poultry manure inlet; a discharge spiral conveying device is arranged in the mixing bin, and a weighing and metering device is arranged at the bottom of the mixing bin; a discharge opening of the mixing bin discharge screw conveying device is provided with a small foreign matter collecting and removing opening; and the mixed materials in the mixing bin are conveyed into the anaerobic fermentation system through a discharge spiral conveying device and a material pump.
The anaerobic fermentation system is a high-temperature dry anaerobic fermentation system or a medium-temperature wet anaerobic fermentation system; the high-temperature dry anaerobic fermentation system is a plug-flow anaerobic fermentation tank; the medium-temperature wet anaerobic fermentation system is a fully mixed-flow anaerobic fermentation tank; the top of the plug flow type anaerobic fermentation tank or the top of the complete mixed flow anaerobic fermentation tank is respectively provided with a double-membrane gas storage cabinet; the double-membrane gas storage cabinet comprises an inner membrane and an outer membrane; the top of the plug flow type anaerobic fermentation tank or the full mixed flow anaerobic fermentation tank is also provided with a positive and negative pressure protection device, and the positive and negative pressure protection device is communicated with the double-membrane gas storage cabinet to adjust the pressure of the double-membrane gas storage cabinet; when a high-temperature dry anaerobic fermentation system is adopted, the TS concentration of the mixed material of the kitchen waste and the livestock and poultry manure is required to be 20-27%; when a medium-temperature wet anaerobic fermentation system is adopted, the TS concentration of the mixed material of the kitchen waste and the livestock and poultry manure is required to be 10-15%.
The plug flow type anaerobic fermentation tank or the complete mixed flow anaerobic fermentation tank is provided with a heating coil pipe for providing heat energy for fermentation, the hot water supply end of the heating coil pipe is connected with a hot water boiler, and the heating energy of the hot water boiler is methane desulfurized by a methane desulfurization purification system.
And a fire arrestor is arranged at the methane outlet end of the anaerobic fermentation system.
The steam-water separation system comprises a condensed water tank, a heat exchanger and a steam-water separator which are sequentially connected, and marsh gas is sequentially subjected to natural cooling and moisture removal by the heat exchanger and the steam-water separator; the supercharging device is arranged between the condensed water tank and the heat exchanger; the steam-water separator is communicated with the biogas desulfurization system.
The secondary desulfurization system comprises a first-stage biological desulfurization system and a second-stage dry desulfurization system; and a steam-water separator is arranged between the first-stage desulfurization system and the second-stage desulfurization system.
The biological desulfurization system sequentially comprises an alkali washing tower connected with the steam-water separation system, an absorption liquid discharge pipe of the alkali washing tower is communicated with the input end of a bioreactor, and the output end of regenerated alkali liquor of the bioreactor is communicated with an alkali liquor pool of the alkali washing tower; and conveying the desulfurized biogas from the top of the basic washing tower to a secondary desulfurization system.
The dry desulfurization system comprises at least two desulfurization packed towers which are arranged in parallel; and the methane input pipeline of each desulfurization packed tower is respectively provided with the steam-water separator.
The desulfurized biogas pipelines are respectively connected with pressure stabilizing tanks at various gas consumption points, and one of the pressure stabilizing tanks is communicated with the carbon dioxide removal system; the carbon dioxide removal system is membrane purification equipment, and the biogas is generated into biogas after passing through the membrane purification equipment; and a biogas emptying and discharging pipe for troubleshooting is also arranged on the biogas pipeline purified by the desulfurization system.
The preparation method of the system comprises the following steps: 1) pretreatment: before mixing materials, crushing the kitchen waste, removing foreign matters, pulping and separating grease; removing stones from the livestock and poultry manure; 2) mixing the treated kitchen waste slurry and the livestock and poultry manure, feeding the mixture into an anaerobic fermentation system for fermentation, and adjusting the TS concentration of the mixed material; when the livestock and poultry manure is collected in a dry manure cleaning mode, mixing the manure with the kitchen waste, adjusting the concentration of the mixed material TS to 20% -27%, feeding the mixture into a plug-flow anaerobic fermentation tank, and fermenting by a high-temperature dry anaerobic fermentation process, wherein the temperature in the tank is 50-60 ℃, and the retention time is 30-40 d; when the livestock and poultry manure is collected in a water-flushing manure mode, mixing the manure with kitchen waste, adjusting the concentration of mixed material TS to 10% -15%, entering a fully mixed flow anaerobic fermentation tank, and fermenting by a medium-temperature wet anaerobic fermentation process, wherein the temperature in the tank is 30-40 ℃, and the retention time is 30-40 d; 3) performing steam-water separation on the biogas generated by anaerobic fermentation, and performing biogas desulfurization after pressurization; meanwhile, after solid-liquid separation is carried out on digestive liquid generated after anaerobic fermentation, preparation of a solid organic fertilizer and a liquid organic fertilizer is carried out; 4) and after the desulfurized biogas is subjected to pressure stabilization, carbon dioxide in the biogas is removed through membrane purification to form biogas.
The biogas desulfurization in the step 3) is divided into first-stage biological desulfurization and second-stage dry desulfurization; carrying out steam-water separation after the first-stage biological desulfurization and then carrying out second-stage dry desulfurization; and (3) preparing the solid organic fertilizer by using sulfur mud generated by the first-stage biological desulfurization as an additive.
The system of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the system can be used for cooperatively treating the kitchen waste and the livestock and poultry manure to prepare the biogas, the anaerobic fermentation biogas slurry and the biogas residues can be effectively utilized to produce the organic fertilizer, the whole system has no pollutant discharge, and the resource utilization of organic wastes is really realized.
2. The system has wide raw material adaptability, the solid content of the excrement can be accepted within the range of 5-28%, a grid for removing large foreign matters is arranged at the inlet of the mixing bin, and a broken stone collecting port and a cleaning port are arranged at the discharge end of the discharge screw conveyor of the mixing bin, so that broken stones in the excrement can be conveniently removed to protect the rear-end material pump.
3. The kitchen waste treatment system has the functions of oil extraction and impurity removal, and is favorable for the stability of a gas production process in the rear-end fermentation tank. Meal kitchen feed bin and mixing bunker are equipped with weighing measurement system, liquid level alarm control system, prevent the material overflow, adopt the totally enclosed ejection of compact mode, avoid the foul smell to distribute. The discharge ports of the kitchen bin and the mixing bin have metering functions, and are favorable for material proportioning adjustment and production metering.
4. A fire arrester is arranged on a methane outlet pipeline of the anaerobic fermentation tank, the overall safety of the anaerobic fermentation tank is guaranteed, a flow meter is arranged on the pipeline, the methane output and accumulated output data can be provided, and a steam-water separator is arranged in front of the flow meter to remove condensed water so as to guarantee the accuracy of the flow meter and the accuracy of the data.
5. The biogas generated by the anaerobic fermentation tank is naturally cooled and cooled by the plate heat exchanger to remove saturated water in the biogas, and the method saves land and energy and has high automation degree.
6. The condensed water tank is provided with a breather pipe and a liquid seal device, so that the pressure in the tank is ensured to be balanced, and simultaneously, the methane cannot be carried into the tank body; the condensate tank is provided with a liquid level sensor which is interlocked with the overflow port and the drain port of the tank body, so that the stable range of the liquid seal height in the tank is ensured.
7. And a two-stage desulfurization mode is adopted, the desulfurization efficiency is improved, the operation intensity of dry desulfurization is reduced, and sulfur sludge enters a solid organic fertilizer production system, so that the environmental pollution is avoided.
8. The secondary desulfurization process of the methane adopts a mode of first pressurization and then desulfurization, and the service life of the desulfurizer in dry desulfurization is prolonged. The biological desulfurization is more suitable for the biogas engineering which takes the livestock and poultry manure as the raw material. The desulfurized biogas passes through the surge tank and goes to various gas utilization points, so that the pressure stability of the rear-end gas utilization points is ensured, and the shutdown caused by unstable pressure is avoided.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall process flow of high temperature dry anaerobic fermentation.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the overall process flow of mesophilic wet anaerobic fermentation.
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a dry anaerobic fermenter.
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a wet anaerobic fermenter.
FIG. 5 is a schematic flow diagram of a biogas purification system.
FIG. 6 is a schematic flow chart of a dry desulfurization and pressure stabilization system.
Detailed Description
In view of the above technical solutions, the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. A system for preparing biogas by coprocessing kitchen waste and livestock and poultry manure mainly comprises a pretreatment system for the kitchen waste and the livestock and poultry manure, an anaerobic fermentation system, a biogas desulfurization and purification system and an organic fertilizer manufacturing system.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the pretreatment system for kitchen waste and livestock and poultry manure specifically comprises a kitchen waste bin 1, a pulping separator 2, a heating device 3, an oil removing device 4 and a mixing bin 5 for mixing the kitchen waste and the livestock and poultry manure. Kitchen garbage feed bin 1 for leaking hopper-shaped structure, it has the sealed lid that can open, guarantees that the stink can not spill over from the feed bin, is favorable to the environmental protection. A liquid level alarm control device (not shown) is provided in the bin 1 to prevent the garbage in the bin from overflowing to the outside. The bottom of the storage bin is provided with the spiral conveyor 101, the spiral conveyor and the periphery of the storage bin are in a full-sealing structure, and odor in the storage bin is reduced to the greatest extent through the storage bin sealing cover and the spiral conveyor with the full-sealing bottom of the storage bin. And a weighing and metering device (not shown) is also arranged at the bottom of the screw conveyor of the bin, so that the weight of the kitchen waste fed into the kitchen waste bin every time can be weighed. The kitchen waste in the storage bin 1 is conveyed out of the storage bin through a screw conveyor, and then is conveyed to the pulping separator 2 through a material pump. The pulping separator has the functions of crushing, impurity removal and pulping, can separate foreign matters and garbage such as plastics and fruit stones in the kitchen garbage and convey the foreign matters and the garbage to a garbage collecting barrel outside the pulping separator. And crushing and pulping the kitchen waste while separating impurities to prepare kitchen waste slurry. The oil removing system comprises a slurry heating device 3 and an oil removing device 4, and kitchen waste slurry prepared in the pulping separator is pumped into the heating device 3 through a pipeline to heat the kitchen waste slurry. The heating temperature is 60-70 ℃, which is beneficial to melting the lumpy grease in the slurry and is beneficial to the rear-end oil removal operation. And (3) conveying the heated kitchen waste slurry to an oil removal device 4 for oil separation, centrifugally separating out oil from the oil removal device 4, and selling or reprocessing the separated and collected oil. The slurry deoiled by the deoiling system is pumped into the mixing bunker 5 through a pipeline. A flow meter (not shown) is arranged on a conveying pipeline from the oil removal system to the mixing bin, and the discharge amount of the kitchen waste slurry pumped into the mixing bin can be accurately metered so as to be conveniently mixed with the livestock and poultry sewage in proportion.
The mixing bin 5 is of a funnel-shaped structure, and is provided with a livestock and poultry manure inlet and a kitchen waste slurry inlet. A grating (not shown) for removing foreign matters such as stones in the livestock and poultry dung is provided at the livestock and poultry dung inlet. A liquid level alarm control device for preventing overflow, a screw conveyor 501 arranged at the bottom of the mixing bunker and used for conveying materials and a weighing and metering device are arranged in the mixing bunker. The discharge opening of the screw conveyor discharging at the mixing bin is provided with a broken stone collecting and cleaning opening to prevent the broken stones in the mixed materials from damaging the material pump. After the livestock and poultry manure and the kitchen waste slurry are proportioned in a mixing bin in proportion, the mixture is conveyed to an anaerobic fermentation system for anaerobic fermentation by a discharge screw conveyor and a material pump which are connected.
The anaerobic fermentation system comprises an anaerobic fermentation tank 6, a fan 7 and a positive and negative pressure protector 8, wherein the fan 7 and the positive and negative pressure protector are arranged on the anaerobic fermentation tank. A temperature sensor, a liquid level sensor, and a pressure sensor (not shown) are provided in the anaerobic fermentation tank. The temperature sensor is interlocked with the anaerobic fermentation tank heat preservation equipment to control the operating temperature of the anaerobic fermentation tank; the liquid level sensor can acquire the actual volume of the material in the anaerobic fermentation tank, so that the feeding amount of the anaerobic fermentation tank is adjusted; the pressure sensor controls the pressure in the anaerobic fermentation tank. A hot water device for providing heat energy is arranged in the anaerobic fermentation tank. The hot water device is a heating coil 61 arranged in the anaerobic fermentation tank. The heating coil 61 is provided with a hot water supply end and a hot water return end, the hot water at the hot water supply end in the heating coil is hot water generated by a boiler, the heating energy of the boiler is methane generated after the system is desulfurized, the energy is recycled, extra heating heat energy is saved, and the system operation cost is reduced.
Referring to fig. 3 and 4, wherein fig. 3 is a schematic view of a dry anaerobic fermentation tank, and fig. 4 is a schematic view of a wet anaerobic fermentation tank. In fig. 3, the top of the anaerobic fermentation tank is provided with a double-membrane gas storage cabinet to save land occupation, the double-membrane gas storage cabinet is divided into an inner membrane 611 and an outer membrane 610, a pressure-regulating air pipe opening 608 is arranged on the outer membrane, a pressure-regulating fan 7 fills a small amount of air in the gas storage cabinet through the pressure-regulating air pipe opening 608, the air quantity between the two membranes is regulated through a control system, the operating pressure of the gas storage cabinet is stabilized, and the shape of the outer membrane is. The inner membrane is connected with the anaerobic fermentation tank, and a pressure sensor is arranged to be interlocked with the positive and negative pressure protector 8 to play a role in state monitoring and safety guarantee. Be provided with agitating unit in the fermentation cylinder, agitating unit is including running through on the jar wall (603) of fermentation cylinder both sides, (604) the setting paddle on the (mixing) shaft, sets up the agitator motor 602 that provides power outside the fermentation cylinder, carries out the material stirring through agitating unit and mixes. The fermentation tank wall 601 is provided with a feed inlet 605 and a flushing water inlet 606 for feeding and flushing the fermentation tank. A biogas outlet 609 is also arranged on the wall of the fermentation tank, and a flame arrester (not shown) is arranged on the biogas outlet 609, so that the overall safety of the anaerobic fermentation tank is ensured. The wall of the fermentation tank is also provided with a discharge hole 612 for discharging digestive juice after fermentation.
In FIG. 4, the main difference from the structure of the dry anaerobic fermenter of FIG. 3 is that the stirring means 620 is provided in the wall of the fermenter.
After being fermented by the anaerobic fermentation system, the obtained biogas is conveyed to a biogas purification system 9 through a pipeline for biogas purification and purification, and the biogas is generated and output.
Referring to fig. 5, the biogas purification system 9 includes a steam-water separation system device, a biogas desulfurization system, and a carbon dioxide removal system. The steam-water separation system sequentially comprises a condensed water tank 901, a booster fan 902, a plate heat exchanger 903 and a steam-water separator 904 which are connected with each other.
The biogas coming out of the anaerobic fermenter has a temperature of about 55 ℃ and carries a large amount of saturated water. Before the biogas is desulfurized, a large amount of saturated water in the biogas needs to be removed. Firstly, biogas from the anaerobic fermentation tank is communicated with a vent pipe in the condensation water tank 901 at the lower point of the gas pipe through the gas pipe with a certain gradient, and is naturally cooled through the biogas gas pipe, a part of saturated water in the biogas is condensed into water and is guided to the condensation water tank along the lower point of the gas pipe for collection, and meanwhile, the biogas is naturally cooled to about 45 ℃. The condensate water tank is provided with a liquid seal device, so that the pressure in the tank is ensured to be balanced, and simultaneously, the methane cannot be carried into the tank; the condensate tank is provided with a liquid level sensor which is interlocked with the overflow port and the drain port of the tank body, so that the stable range of the liquid seal height in the tank is ensured. The biogas subjected to preliminary temperature reduction and dehydration enters the plate heat exchanger 903 through the booster fan 902. And the heat exchange and temperature reduction are carried out through the plate heat exchanger, and after residual saturated water in the methane is separated out, steam and water are separated through the steam-water separator 904, so that water in the methane is removed. The temperature of the methane at the outlet end of the plate heat exchanger is reduced to about 30 ℃, and saturated water is removed at the same time, so that the requirements of the temperature and the moisture at the desulfurization inlet are met. After the biogas passes through the steam-water separator 904, a flowmeter (not shown) is arranged on a pipeline before entering the biogas biological desulfurization system, the flowmeter can provide biogas yield and accumulated yield data, and after the flowmeter is arranged on the steam-water separator, saturated water in the biogas is removed, and the precision of the flowmeter and the accuracy of the data are ensured.
Biogas typically contains hydrogen sulfide which can be removed by desulfurization. The biogas desulfurization system is a two-stage desulfurization system, the first stage is a biological desulfurization system, the second stage is a dry desulfurization system, and the desulfurization efficiency can be improved and the service life of the dry desulfurization system can be prolonged through two-stage desulfurization.
First stage biological desulfurization system, mainA basic wash column 905 and a bioreactor 906 are included. After pressurization, the marsh gas subjected to moisture removal by the steam-water separator enters an alkaline washing tower, alkali liquor is sprayed downwards from the upper part of the alkaline washing tower, and the marsh gas penetrates through the sprayed alkali liquor upwards from the bottom of the alkaline washing tower and then is output to a dry desulfurization system from the top of the alkaline washing tower; and conveying the absorption liquid desulfurized by contacting with the biogas from the bottom of the basic washing tower to the bioreactor for desulfurization regeneration, and refluxing the regenerated alkali liquor from the bioreactor to the basic washing tower for biogas desulfurization operation. The dehydrated methane is pressurized by a booster fan 902 and then sent into an alkali type washing tower, alkali liquor of the alkali type washing tower adopts sodium carbonate or sodium hydroxide aqueous solution as washing liquor, and H in the alkali type washing tower2And reacting the S with the sprayed alkali liquor to remove part of hydrogen sulfide in the methane from the methane. The scrubbed biogas is discharged from the top of the scrubber and enters a second-stage dry desulfurization system 907. The absorption liquid of the washing tower flows to the bottom of the tower and enters a bioreactor 906, an air distribution system is arranged at the bottom of the bioreactor, and oxygen is provided for microorganisms through the air distribution system, so that sulfide in the absorption liquid entering the bioreactor through the washing tower is converted into elemental sulfur, and meanwhile alkali liquor after being washed with methane is regenerated through biological reaction. The regenerated alkali liquor from the bioreactor is circulated and refluxed to the washing tower to remove H contained in the methane2S gas, the recycling of the washing tower alkali liquor is realized. The sulfur mud generated by the bioreactor can be sent to an organic fertilizer production system to be used as an additive to adjust the nutrient content of the organic fertilizer. The first-stage biological desulfurization system is more suitable for the biological natural gas engineering taking kitchen waste and livestock and poultry manure as raw materials. The sulfur content in the methane is reduced by the desulfurization of the first-stage biological desulfurization system, and then the methane enters the second-stage dry desulfurization system for continuous desulfurization, so that the desulfurization burden of the second-stage dry desulfurization system can be reduced.
The second stage dry desulfurization system 907 includes at least two dry desulfurization towers 907-2 arranged in parallel. A steam-water separator 907-1 is respectively arranged on the pipeline at the front end of the biogas input of each dry-method desulfurizing tower. And removing the moisture brought in from the biological desulfurization system through a steam-water separator.
The biogas passing through the first-stage biological desulfurization system passes through a steam-water separator 907-1 and then enters a dry desulfurization tower 907-2 for further desulfurization, see fig. 6. The dry desulfurizing tower is a desulfurizing packed tower, and the packing layer is Fe2O3. The marsh gas enters from the bottom of the packed tower after water in the marsh gas is removed by a steam-water separator, and is discharged from the upper end of the packed tower after being desulfurized by the packing layer. The main purpose of the desulfurization packed tower is to ensure that H in the methane is removed2S and Fe of packing layer in desulfurization packed tower2O3React to generate Fe2S3Realize the desulfurization of the methane. After the desulfurization operation is finished, Fe2O3After the reaction is finished, the packing layer can be regenerated to make Fe2O3The packing layer can be regenerated and reused. The desulfurization packed tower 907 can be arranged in parallel to improve the desulfurization efficiency. Because the desulfurization packed tower cannot perform desulfurization work when the filler is regenerated, at least two groups of dry desulfurization towers must be arranged in the dry desulfurization process, and another dry desulfurization tower can continue to work when the filler is regenerated. But this is done so that the desulfurization efficiency is low. The biological desulfurization is carried out before the dry desulfurization, so that the sulfur content in the methane is reduced, and the sulfur content absorbed by the filler is correspondingly reduced during the dry desulfurization, thereby prolonging the service time of the filler of the dry desulfurization tower and improving the desulfurization efficiency.
The biological desulfurization technology has high treatment capacity and high automation degree, and is more suitable for a system for preparing the biogas by taking the kitchen waste and the livestock and poultry manure as raw materials; the dry desulfurization technology adopts a pressurization technology before desulfurization, so that negative pressure can be prevented from being formed in a desulfurization tower, and the service life of a desulfurizing agent is prolonged; the dry desulfurization system is used as a fine desulfurization auxiliary measure for biological desulfurization, so that the replacement frequency of the desulfurizer is reduced, and the operation cost is reduced.
After further desulfurization by the dry desulfurization system, a part of the biogas is supplied to the boiler through the surge tank 909, and the boiler can supply hot water circulation to the anaerobic fermentation system. And a part of the biogas passes through a surge tank 909 and enters a carbon dioxide removal system to remove carbon dioxide in the biogas. The carbon dioxide removal system is a membrane purification device 908 for further purifying the biogas. And removing carbon dioxide gas in the desulfurized biogas by utilizing the selective permeability of the membrane to obtain gas rich in methane, namely the biogas. The top of each dry-method desulfurizing tower is provided with an emptying pipe, methane in the tower is led to a safety zone to be diffused at high altitude during maintenance, and when a rear-end gas consumption point breaks down, the methane coming out of the desulfurizing tower and the methane of a corresponding pressure stabilizing tank are connected to a torch to be combusted, so that the safety of a production environment is ensured.
The pressure stabilizing tank can store 10 seconds of methane consumption according to the rear-end gas consumption, and because the methane pressure of the membrane purification system and the methane pressure difference of the boiler system are large, the arrangement of the pressure stabilizing tank can ensure that the methane pressure of the boiler system is stable when the membrane purification system is started, so that the boiler system is prevented from flameout, and the stable operation of the membrane purification system is also ensured.
The digestive juice after fermentation in the anaerobic fermentation system enters a solid-liquid separation device 10 for solid-liquid separation. And a part of liquid separated by the solid-liquid separation equipment is used as reflux liquid to enter an anaerobic fermentation system, and the rest biogas slurry enters a liquid organic fertilizer production system to produce the liquid organic fertilizer. The production process of the liquid organic fertilizer comprises the steps of biogas slurry aging, acidification treatment, flocculation precipitation, centrifugal separation, compounding and complexing, and filling after superfine filtration to form the final liquid organic fertilizer for sale.
And (4) the biogas residues separated by the solid-liquid separation equipment enter a solid fertilizer production system to produce the solid organic fertilizer. The production process of the solid organic fertilizer generally comprises the steps of mixing biogas residues with straws, mushroom residues or peanut shells and livestock and poultry manure, carrying out aerobic fermentation for 10-15 d, carrying out composting for about 7d, carrying out batching, crushing, screening, granulating, drying, cooling, adding bacteria, coating and packaging to produce the final solid organic fertilizer for sale.
The method for preparing the biogas by the treatment system comprises the following steps:
example 1
Pouring 100t of kitchen waste with a solid content of 15% into a kitchen waste bin, and metering the kitchen waste bin by a weighing and metering device; the kitchen waste is conveyed to a pulping separator for pulping through a screw conveyer arranged at the outlet of the bin. Foreign matter separation (such as plastics, fruit stones, bones and the like) is carried out on the kitchen waste through a pulping separator, the kitchen waste after the foreign matter separation is crushed and pulped, and then the kitchen waste slurry is conveyed to an oil removal system through a pump to be heated and removed. Heating the material to 60-70 ℃, and separating grease in the slurry by a centrifugal separation device. And pumping the residual kitchen waste slurry after oil removal to a mixing bin to be mixed with the livestock and poultry manure. The slurry output from the oil removal system is metered through a flow meter, and the discharge amount is recorded, so that accurate proportioning is carried out in a mixing bin.
Feeding 950t of a mixture of chicken manure and pig manure with a solid content of 25% into a mixing bunker, and arranging a grid at a feeding port of the mixing bunker to remove large-particle-size solid impurities in the livestock and poultry manure. After mixing with the kitchen slurry, adjusting the TS concentration to 24%, adjusting the C/N ratio to 22, outputting the mixture to a mixing bin through a discharge screw conveyor, and then fermenting in a material pumping anaerobic fermentation system. In this embodiment the anaerobic fermentation system is a plug flow anaerobic fermentor, i.e. dry anaerobic fermentation. Heating the mixed materials in hot water generated by a boiler in a fermentation tank, keeping the temperature at 55 +/-0.5 ℃, fully stirring the materials in the fermentation tank by a stirring device, and performing anaerobic fermentation for 33 days to generate biogas. The anaerobic fermentation process needs to monitor the operation temperature, the pressure of a gas storage membrane and the like in real time. And (4) carrying out timing detection on related operation parameters such as TS concentration of materials in the tank, VS concentration of organic matters, content of volatile fatty acid, methane components and the like every day. Feeding and ejection of compact every day of fermentation cylinder, when jar interior concentration is too high, with natural pond liquid backward flow in order to adjust jar interior concentration, the mixed material is added when jar interior concentration is low excessively, according to monitoring parameter adjustment operating mode to be in the best fermentation state in guaranteeing the anaerobic fermentation jar. By adjusting the fermentation state, the methane content in the methane generated by the method by taking the kitchen waste and the livestock and poultry manure as raw materials is ensured to be more than 55 percent.
After natural cooling, biogas generated by the fermentation tank enters the plate heat exchanger through the booster fan to perform heat exchange cooling, the temperature is reduced from 55 ℃ to 30 ℃, and meanwhile, part of water vapor in the biogas is collected by a condensed water tank, and part of the water vapor is condensed and separated through a vapor-water separator, so that dehydration of the biogas is realized. The dehydrated marsh gas passes through a biological desulfurization system, is washed by alkali liquor for desulfurization, and is regenerated by the alkali liquor in a bioreactorH in (1)2The S content is reduced from 1000ppm to 100 ppm. The biogas desulfurized by the biological desulfurization system passes through a steam-water separator, the biogas subjected to moisture separation and substituted by the biological desulfurization system enters a dry desulfurization system for desulfurization, and H in the biogas passes through2S reacts with the filler in the dry desulfurization system to ensure that H in the methane2The S content is reduced to below 10ppm, and the biogas desulfurization is realized. The desulfurized biogas enters different pressure stabilizing tanks respectively, wherein the biogas in one pressure stabilizing tank is directly conveyed into a boiler room to provide heat energy for the boiler; and one part of the biogas enters a surge tank and then is sent to membrane purification equipment, and the biogas is generated after carbon dioxide is removed through purification. The product of the biogas meets the standard of natural gas (GB 17820-2018).
After solid-liquid separation is carried out on the digestive juice discharged from the fermentation tank, the solid content of biogas residues is 25%, the solid content of biogas slurry is 5%, and aerobic composting is carried out on the biogas residues to produce the solid organic fertilizer. One part of biogas slurry flows back to adjust the material concentration in the fermentation tank, the rest enters an organic fertilizer production system, is subjected to aging and acidification treatment, then is subjected to flocculation and centrifugal separation, is subjected to complex formation and complexation, and is subjected to superfine filtration to produce the liquid organic fertilizer after the complexation is completed. The liquid organic fertilizer meets the standard of composite microbial fertilizer (NY/T798-2015).
EXAMPLES example 2
Pouring 180t of kitchen waste with a solid content of 15% into a kitchen bin, and metering the kitchen waste by a weighing and metering device; the kitchen waste is conveyed to a pulping separator for pulping through a screw conveyer arranged at the outlet of the bin. Foreign matter separation (such as plastics, fruit stones, bones and the like) is carried out on the kitchen waste through a pulping separator, the kitchen waste after the foreign matter separation is crushed and pulped, and then the kitchen waste slurry is conveyed to an oil removal system through a pump to be heated and removed. Heating the material to 60-70 ℃, and separating grease in the slurry by a centrifugal separation device. Pumping the residual kitchen waste slurry after oil removal to a mixing bin to be mixed with the livestock and poultry manure; pouring 600t of livestock and poultry manure mixture with solid content of 10% into a mixing bin, mixing with kitchen slurry until the TS concentration is 11.2% and the C/N ratio is 25, and pumping the mixture and the material to a fully mixed flow anaerobic fermentation tank. Heating the materials in a fermentation tank by using hot water, keeping the temperature at 38 +/-0.5 ℃, fully stirring the materials in the fermentation tank by using a stirrer, and performing anaerobic fermentation for 30 days to generate biogas. The anaerobic fermentation process needs to monitor the operation temperature, the pressure of a gas storage membrane and the like in real time. And (4) carrying out timing detection on related operation parameters such as TS concentration of materials in the tank, VS concentration of organic matters, content of volatile fatty acid, methane components and the like every day. Feeding and ejection of compact every day of fermentation cylinder, when jar interior concentration is too high, with natural pond liquid backward flow in order to adjust jar interior concentration, the mixed material is added when jar interior concentration is low excessively, according to monitoring parameter adjustment operating mode to be in the best fermentation state in guaranteeing the anaerobic fermentation jar. By adjusting the fermentation state, the methane content in the biogas generated by the biogas engineering which takes the kitchen waste and the livestock and poultry manure as raw materials is ensured to be more than 55 percent.
Saturated water separated out by natural cooling of biogas generated by the fermentation tank is collected into a condensation water tank, the biogas enters a plate heat exchanger for heat exchange and cooling through a booster fan, the temperature is reduced from 38 ℃ to 28 ℃, moisture separated out in the temperature reduction process is condensed and separated through a vapor-water separator, and dehydration of the biogas is realized. The dehydrated methane passes through a biological desulfurization system, is washed by alkali liquor for desulfurization, and is regenerated by a bioreactor to obtain H in the methane2The S content is reduced from 1000ppm to 100 ppm. The marsh gas desulfurized by the biological desulfurization system passes through a steam-water separator, the marsh gas after the water substituted by the biological desulfurization system is separated enters a dry desulfurization system for desulfurization, and H in the marsh gas passes through2S reacts with the filler in the dry desulfurization system to ensure that H in the methane2The S content is reduced to below 10ppm, and the biogas desulfurization is realized. The desulfurized biogas enters different pressure stabilizing tanks respectively, wherein the biogas in one pressure stabilizing tank is directly conveyed into a boiler room to provide heat energy for the boiler; and one part of the biogas enters a surge tank and then is sent to membrane purification equipment, and the biogas is generated after carbon dioxide is removed through purification. The product of the biogas meets the standard of natural gas (GB 17820-2018).
After solid-liquid separation is carried out on the digestive juice discharged by the anaerobic fermentation tank, the solid content of biogas residues is 25%, the solid content of biogas slurry is 5%, and aerobic composting is carried out on the biogas residues to produce solid organic fertilizer. One part of biogas slurry flows back to adjust the material concentration in the fermentation tank, the rest enters an organic fertilizer production system, is subjected to aging and acidification treatment, then is subjected to flocculation and centrifugal separation, is subjected to complex formation and complexation, and is subjected to superfine filtration to produce the liquid organic fertilizer after the complexation is completed. The liquid organic fertilizer meets the standard of composite microbial fertilizer (NY/T798-2015).
The two examples are two anaerobic fermentation processes of the system. The first fermentation process is a high temperature dry anaerobic fermentation process, when the livestock and poultry manure is collected in a dry manure cleaning mode, the solid content of the kitchen waste is 15% -20%, the materials are mixed and then the TS concentration of the materials is adjusted to 20% -27%, the materials enter a plug flow anaerobic fermentation tank for fermentation, the temperature in the tank is 50-60 ℃, and the retention time is 30-40 d. The second fermentation process is that when the livestock and poultry manure is the manure collected in a water-flushing manure mode, the solid content is less than or equal to 10 percent, the solid content of the kitchen waste is 15-20 percent, the materials are added with process water, mixed to adjust the concentration of TS of the materials to 10-15 percent, and enter a fully mixed flow anaerobic fermentation tank, the temperature in the tank is 30-40 ℃, the retention time is 30-40 d, and the process is a medium temperature wet anaerobic fermentation process. It can be seen that the anaerobic fermentation process selected by the system is determined by the TS concentration of the mixed material.
Claims (12)
1. A kitchen waste and livestock and poultry manure cooperative treatment biogas preparation system comprises an anaerobic fermentation system, and is characterized in that the feed end of the anaerobic fermentation system is connected with a material pretreatment system, and the biogas outlet end of the anaerobic fermentation system is connected with a biogas purification system; the material pretreatment system comprises a kitchen waste pretreatment system and a mixing system mixed with livestock and poultry manure; the biogas purification system comprises a steam-water separation system, a biogas desulfurization system and a carbon dioxide removal system which are sequentially connected; a supercharging device is arranged between the steam-water separation system and the methane desulfurization system; the biogas desulfurization system is a secondary desulfurization system; pressure stabilizing devices are respectively arranged among the methane desulfurization system, the carbon dioxide removal system and other gas consumption points; a discharge port of a digestive liquid after fermentation of the anaerobic fermentation system is connected with a solid-liquid separator, and biogas residues and biogas slurry after solid-liquid separation are respectively sent to a preparation place of a solid organic fertilizer and a preparation place of a liquid organic fertilizer; and conveying the biological sulfur mud desulfurized by the methane desulfurization system to a solid organic fertilizer preparation place as an additive.
2. The system for preparing the biogas by the synergistic treatment of the kitchen waste and the livestock and poultry manure according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the kitchen waste pretreatment system comprises a feeding bin, a pulping separator and an oil removal system which are sequentially connected; the bin is provided with a spiral conveyor and a weighing and metering device, and is used for weighing the kitchen waste and conveying the kitchen waste to the pulping and separating machine; the pulping separator is used for crushing the kitchen waste, removing foreign matters and preparing into slurry; the oil removing system comprises a heating device and an oil removing device, and is used for heating the kitchen waste slurry and separating out oil; and after the oil is separated by the oil removing system, the kitchen waste slurry is sent to a mixing system to be mixed with the livestock and poultry manure.
3. The system for preparing the biogas by the synergistic treatment of the kitchen waste and the livestock and poultry manure according to claim 2, characterized in that a flow meter is arranged on a slurry discharge pipeline of the oil removal system.
4. The system for preparing the biogas by the synergistic treatment of the kitchen waste and the livestock and poultry manure according to claim 2, wherein the mixing system is a mixing bin, and the mixing bin is provided with an inlet for the livestock and poultry manure and an inlet for slurry of the kitchen waste; a grating for removing large foreign matters is arranged at the livestock and poultry manure inlet; a discharge spiral conveying device is arranged in the mixing bin, and a weighing and metering device is arranged at the bottom of the mixing bin; a small foreign matter collecting and removing opening is formed in a feeding hole of the discharging spiral conveying device of the mixing bin; and the mixed materials in the mixing bin are conveyed into the anaerobic fermentation system through a discharge spiral conveying device and a material pump.
5. The system for preparing the biogas by the synergistic treatment of the kitchen waste and the livestock and poultry manure according to claim 1, characterized in that the anaerobic fermentation system is a high-temperature dry-type anaerobic fermentation system or a medium-temperature wet-type anaerobic fermentation system; the high-temperature dry anaerobic fermentation system is a plug-flow anaerobic fermentation tank; the medium-temperature wet anaerobic fermentation system is a fully mixed-flow anaerobic fermentation tank; the top of the plug flow type anaerobic fermentation tank or the top of the complete mixed flow anaerobic fermentation tank is respectively provided with a double-membrane gas storage cabinet; the double-membrane gas storage cabinet comprises an inner membrane and an outer membrane; the top of the flow anaerobic fermentation tank or the fully mixed flow anaerobic fermentation tank is also provided with a positive and negative pressure protection device, and the positive and negative pressure protection device is communicated with the double-membrane gas storage cabinet to adjust the pressure of the double-membrane gas storage cabinet; when a high-temperature dry anaerobic fermentation system is adopted, the TS concentration of the mixed material of the kitchen waste and the livestock and poultry manure is required to be 20-27%; when a medium-temperature wet anaerobic fermentation system is adopted, the TS concentration of the mixed material of the kitchen waste and the livestock and poultry manure is required to be 10-15%.
6. The system for preparing biogas by coprocessing of kitchen waste and livestock and poultry manure according to claim 5, characterized in that the plug-flow anaerobic fermentation tank or the complete-mixed-flow anaerobic fermentation tank is provided with a heating coil for providing heat energy for fermentation, the hot water supply end of the heating coil is connected with a hot water boiler, and the heating energy of the hot water boiler is biogas desulfurized by a biogas purification system.
7. The system for preparing the biogas by the synergistic treatment of the kitchen waste and the livestock and poultry manure according to claim 5, characterized in that a flame arrester is arranged at a biogas outlet end of the anaerobic fermentation system.
8. The system for preparing the biogas by the synergistic treatment of the kitchen waste and the livestock and poultry manure according to claim 1, characterized in that the steam-water separation system comprises a condensate water tank, a heat exchanger and a steam-water separator which are sequentially connected, and the biogas is naturally cooled and dehydrated by the heat exchanger and the steam-water separator; the supercharging device is arranged between the condensed water tank and the heat exchanger; the steam-water separator is communicated with the biogas desulfurization system.
9. The system for preparing the biogas by the synergistic treatment of the kitchen waste and the livestock and poultry manure according to claim 1, wherein the secondary desulfurization system comprises a first-stage biological desulfurization system and a second-stage dry desulfurization system; and a steam-water separator is arranged between the first-stage desulfurization system and the second-stage desulfurization system.
10. The system for preparing the biogas by the synergistic treatment of the kitchen waste and the livestock and poultry manure according to claim 9, characterized in that the biological desulfurization system sequentially comprises an alkali washing tower connected with the steam-water separation system, an absorption liquid discharge pipe of the alkali washing tower is communicated with an input end of a bioreactor, and an output end of regenerated alkali liquor of the bioreactor is communicated with an alkali liquor pool of the alkali washing tower; and conveying the desulfurized biogas from the top of the basic washing tower to a secondary desulfurization system.
11. The system for preparing the biogas by the synergistic treatment of the kitchen waste and the livestock and poultry manure according to claim 9, characterized in that the dry desulfurization system comprises at least two desulfurization packed towers which are arranged in parallel; and the methane input pipeline of each desulfurization packed tower is respectively provided with the steam-water separator.
12. The system for preparing the biogas by the synergistic treatment of the kitchen waste and the livestock and poultry manure according to claim 1, which is characterized in that a desulfurized biogas pipeline is respectively connected with a pressure stabilizing tank at each gas utilization point, wherein one pressure stabilizing tank is communicated with the carbon dioxide removal system; the carbon dioxide removal system is membrane purification equipment, and the biogas is generated into biogas after passing through the membrane purification equipment; and a biogas emptying and discharging pipe for troubleshooting is also arranged on the biogas pipeline purified by the desulfurization system.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114918235A (en) * | 2022-05-13 | 2022-08-19 | 桐乡恒易环保科技有限公司 | Harmless pretreatment device for kitchen waste |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114918235A (en) * | 2022-05-13 | 2022-08-19 | 桐乡恒易环保科技有限公司 | Harmless pretreatment device for kitchen waste |
| CN114918235B (en) * | 2022-05-13 | 2024-03-22 | 桐乡恒易环保科技有限公司 | Harmless pretreatment device for kitchen waste |
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