CN105454253B - 一种包括苯唑草酮与扑草津的混合除草剂及其应用 - Google Patents
一种包括苯唑草酮与扑草津的混合除草剂及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/72—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with nitrogen atoms and oxygen or sulfur atoms as ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/80—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with nitrogen atoms and oxygen or sulfur atoms as ring hetero atoms five-membered rings with one nitrogen atom and either one oxygen atom or one sulfur atom in positions 1,2
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/64—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with three nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/66—1,3,5-Triazines, not hydrogenated and not substituted at the ring nitrogen atoms
- A01N43/68—1,3,5-Triazines, not hydrogenated and not substituted at the ring nitrogen atoms with two or three nitrogen atoms directly attached to ring carbon atoms
- A01N43/70—Diamino—1,3,5—triazines with only one oxygen, sulfur or halogen atom or only one cyano, thiocyano (—SCN), cyanato (—OCN) or azido (—N3) group directly attached to a ring carbon atom
Abstract
本发明属于农药技术领域，提供一种包括苯唑草酮与扑草津的混合除草剂及其应用。该混合除草剂以苯唑草酮与扑草津为主要有效成分；其中，苯唑草酮与扑草津的质量比为1∶900‑900∶1。本发明混合除草剂在玉米田除草中的应用，特别是在防除已出土或即将出土的各种禾本科、莎草科和阔叶杂草中的应用具有显著效果。本发明除草剂相对于单剂在提高了药效的前提下，延缓杂草抗性，除草谱广，持效期长，而且对玉米具有安全性。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于农药技术领域，涉及一种包括苯唑草酮与扑草津的混合除草剂及其应用。
背景技术
玉米是我国的主要粮食作物之一，种植面积在3亿亩左右，而玉米田中杂草较多，形成杂草危害的品种多达200多种，玉米田杂草防除成为玉米丰收的关键之一。目前，使用的玉米除草剂多为严格的芽前或芽后除草剂，严格的使用期间，不能很好的适应目前轮作的种植模式。并且，单一使用某种除草剂，还会产生杂草抗性进而影响到使用效果等问题。因此，复配除草剂成为玉米田杂草防除的一个方向。
苯唑草酮(topramezone)，又名：苯吡唑草酮，化学名称化学名称：[3-(4，5-二氢-1，2-噁唑-3-基)-4-甲酰基0-甲苯基](5-羟基-1-甲基吡唑-4-基)甲酮。苯唑草酮是新型羟基苯基丙酮酸酯双氧化酶抑制剂(HPPD)除草剂，系广谱苗后除草剂，能有效防除玉米地一年生禾本科和阔叶杂草、莎草科杂草。玉米苗后施用，通过根和幼苗、叶吸收，在植物中向顶、向基传导到分生组织，抑制对-羟氧苯基丙酮酸酯双氧化酶(4-HPPL)，抑制质体醌和间接地抑制类胡萝卜素的生物合成，叶绿体合成和功能扰乱，由于叶绿素的氧化降解，导致发芽的敏感杂草白化，伴随生长抑制，在光合作用下，其受害症状似萎黄病的组织坏死，敏感的靶标杂草在处理后2～5d内漂白症状，14d内植株死亡。
扑草津(Prometryn)，化学名称：4，6-双异丙胺基-2-甲硫基-1，3，5-三嗪，是一种均三嗪类除草剂，由三聚氯氰与异丙胺在碱性条件下反应制得，可用于防除棉花田、麦田、茶园、桑园及多种蔬菜中的1年生单、双子叶杂草。
发明内容
本发明目的在于解决目前玉米除草剂使用过程中产生的问题，提供一种高效安全地混合除草剂。
1.本发明提供一种包括苯唑草酮与扑草津的混合除草剂，该混合除草剂以苯唑草酮与扑草津为主要有效成分；其中，苯唑草酮与扑草津的质量比为1∶900-900∶1。
2.上述1提供的混合除草剂，其中，苯唑草酮与扑草津的质量比为1∶20-8∶1。
3.上述1提供的混合除草剂，其中，苯唑草酮与扑草津的质量比为1∶10-8∶1。
4.上述1提供的混合除草剂，其中，苯唑草酮与扑草津的质量比为1∶5-8∶1。
5.上述1-4任一项所述的混合除草剂，其中，苯唑草酮与扑草津的苯唑草酮与扑草津总质量在除草剂中质量百分比为15％-80％。
6.上述5所述的混合除草剂，其中，苯唑草酮与扑草津的苯唑草酮与扑草津总质量在除草剂中质量百分比为40％-80％。
7.上述5所述的混合除草剂，其中，苯唑草酮与扑草津的苯唑草酮与扑草津总质量在除草剂中质量百分比为30％-60％。
8.上述5所述的混合除草剂，其中，该混合除草剂以苯唑草酮与扑草津为主要有效成分和农药上允许的助剂配制成任意一种剂型。
农药上允许的任意一种剂型包括常规表面活性剂、增稠剂、溶剂或固体填料。表面活性剂可以为在水中显示出凝胶化的或溶胀性的表面活性剂，可以为脂肪酸酯、烷基醚、乙炔二醇、聚氧乙炔蓖麻油等非离子表面活性剂，如烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚、聚氧乙烯聚氧丙稀嵌段化合物或者烷基硫酸盐、木质素磺酸盐、脂肪酸盐等阴离子表面活性剂，如木质素磺酸钠、十二烷基苯磺酸钠或者盐酸月桂胺、乙酸硬脂胺等阳离子表面活性剂。以上表面活性剂可以一种或多种混合使用。增稠剂如白炭黑，没有特别限制。溶剂可以为惰性液体载体，比如一元醇、多元醇、酮类、醚类、脂肪烃类、卤代烃类等，如植物油；以上惰性液体载体可以一种或多种混合使用。固体载体可以为天然矿物质类、无机盐类、淀粉、纤维素等，如硫酸铵、硅藻土、高岭土；以上固体载体可以一种或多种混合使用。
9.上述8所述的混合除草剂，其中，除草剂的剂型为油悬浮剂、水悬浮剂、可湿性粉剂、水分散粒剂。
10.本发明还提供上述1-9任一项所述的混合除草剂在防除玉米田中的各种禾本科、莎草科和阔叶杂草中的应用。
有益效果：
1、除草活性高。苯唑草酮主要由根和幼茎、叶吸收，在植株体内向顶、向基传导到分生组织，通过抑制质体醌生物合成中的4-羟基苯基丙酮酸酯双氧化酶(4HPPD)，间接影响类胡萝卜素的合成，干扰叶绿体的合成和功能，最终导致严重的白化(由于叶绿素的降解)。扑草津苗前苗后均可使用，主要为土壤处理剂，具有一定的触杀性，通过杂草根部吸收，抑制杂草光合作用，也就是说，本发明的除草剂组合物可以通过两种不同途径杀死杂草，可以极大地提高除草剂的杀草活性。通过室内活性测定，在苯唑草酮和扑草津比例范围为1∶20-8∶1之内，二者复配后的共度系水均大于120，具有明显的增效作用。
2、除草谱广，持效期长。苯唑草酮与扑草津都是广谱性除草剂，两者混合后，作用互补，除草谱更宽了。由于苯唑草酮主要叶面施药使用，防除一年生阔叶和禾本科杂草和莎草科杂草。而扑草津对一年生阔叶和禾本科杂草有很好的效果，作为土壤处理剂使用效果最佳。所以本发明的除草剂有叶面处理和封地的双重作用，延长了药剂的持效期。
3、延缓杂草抗性。由于杂草易对除草剂单剂产生抗性，而本发明的除草剂中含有扑草津，使药剂能够有效地防除了易产生抗性的杂草，降低了杂草的抗药性，延长了药剂的使用寿命。
因此，本发明所述的混合除草剂可在玉米田除草的中应用，特别是在防除已出土或即将出土的各种禾本科、莎草科和阔叶杂草中应用。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明做进一步说明，下列实施例中未注明具体条件的实验方法，通常按照本领域的公知手段。
实施例1
苯唑草酮10％，扑草津10％，烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚4％，聚氧乙烯聚氧丙稀嵌段化合物5％，有机膨润土2％，植物油至100％，按照常规的制剂方法配制成质量百分含量为20％的油悬浮剂。
实施例2
苯唑草酮20％，扑草津10％，十二烷基苯磺酸钠2％，烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚磷酸酯5％，丙二醇5％，黄原胶0.1％，水至100％，按照常规的制剂方法配制成质量百分含量为30％的悬浮剂。
实施例3
苯唑草酮10％，扑草津50％，木质素磺酸钠5％，十二烷基苯磺酸钠2％，白炭黑10％，高岭土补足100％，按照常规的制剂方法配制成质量百分含量为60％的可湿性粉剂。
实施例4
苯唑草酮10％，扑草津70％，木质素磺酸钠5％，十二烷基苯磺酸钠2％，白炭黑10％，高岭土补足100％，按照常规的制剂方法配制成质量百分含量为80％的可湿性粉剂。
实施例5
苯唑草酮30％，扑草津50％，木质素磺酸钠5％，十二烷基硫酸钠2％，白炭黑3％，玉米淀粉补足100％，按照常规的制剂方法配制成质量百分含量为80％的水分散粒剂。
实施例6
苯唑草酮10％，扑草津30％，木质素磺酸钠4％，脂肪酸聚氧乙烯醚2％，丙二醇5％，黄原胶0.1％，白炭黑2％，水补足100％，按照常规的制剂方法配制成质量百分含量为40％的悬浮剂。
实施例7
苯唑草酮5％，扑草津10％，十二烷基苯磺酸钠2％，烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚磷酸酯5％，丙二醇5％，黄原胶0.1％，水至100％，按照常规的制剂方法配制成质量百分含量为15％的悬浮剂。
实施例8
1)、室内活性测定试验
测定苯唑草酮与扑草津对杂草稗草的共毒系数。
试验方法：将定量的稗草的种子分别播种于9cm的一次性纸杯中，每杯中播种10～15粒种子，在光照培养箱中培养，待稗草3～6叶期时，在履带式作物喷雾剂上进行喷雾处理。处理后温室内继续培养，定期观察各处理对杂草的防除效果，30d后称量各处理后的杂草鲜重，按孙云沛等1960年提出的方法，计算其共毒系数。共毒系数小于80为拮抗作用，80-120之间为相加作用，大于120为增效作用。测定结果如表1所示。
表1 室内活性测定结果
从上表可以看出，两种有效物质苯唑草酮和扑草津按照比例1∶20-8∶1复配后的共毒系数大于120，说明在此范围内二者复配具有明显的增效作用。
2)、田间药效试验
供试药剂：
实施例1～4中的4种二元复配除草剂。
对照药剂：
30％苯唑草酮SC(市售)，50％扑草津WP(市售)。
供试作物：玉米
玉米播后苗前。
防除对象：
马唐、稗草、狗尾草、叶蓼、苍耳、地肤、莎草、宝盖草、香附子、异型莎草、
荠菜等杂草。
试验方法：
按照试验小区的面积，准确称量好各种药剂，并兑水稀释后，利用背负式喷雾器，进行均匀喷雾，喷头选用除草剂专用的扇形喷头。喷雾时，要注意将药液均匀喷施到试验小区中，做到没有漏喷、多喷的现象。
试验后分别在药后20d、40d观察杂草死亡情况，并比较各种药剂的除草活性。此外，还要在药后1～15d内观察玉米的出苗和生长情况，以考察药剂对玉米是否有药害。
本发明的实施例制剂除草试验效果见下表2(药后20d)和表3(药后40d)
表2 田间药效试验结果(药后20d)
表3 田间药效试验结果(药后40d)
从表2和表3中可以看出，本发明对禾本科杂草、莎草科杂草和阔叶杂草都具有显著的防效，增效性显著，而且持效期长。
表4 药剂对玉米的安全性调查结果
各处理小区内的玉米出苗与长势良好，未见任何药害症状，说明各种药剂对玉米均安全。
可以知道，上述实施例仅为了说明发明原理而采用的示例性实施方式，然而本发明不仅限于此，本领域技术人员在不脱离本发明实质情况下，可以做出各种改进和变更，这些改进和变更也属于本发明的保护范围。
Claims (9)
1.一种包括苯唑草酮与扑草津的混合除草剂，其特征在于：该混合除草剂以苯唑草酮与扑草津为主要有效成分；其中，苯唑草酮与扑草津的质量比为1:20-8:1。
2.权利要求1所述的混合除草剂，其特征在于：苯唑草酮与扑草津的质量比为1:10-8:1。
3.权利要求1所述的混合除草剂，其特征在于：苯唑草酮与扑草津的质量比为1:5-8:1。
4.权利要求1-3任一项所述的混合除草剂，其特征在于：苯唑草酮与扑草津的苯唑草酮与扑草津总质量在除草剂中质量百分比为15%-80%。
5.权利要求4所述的混合除草剂，其特征在于：苯唑草酮与扑草津的苯唑草酮与扑草津总质量在除草剂中质量百分比为40%-80%。
6.权利要求4所述的混合除草剂，其特征在于：苯唑草酮与扑草津的苯唑草酮与扑草津总质量在除草剂中质量百分比为30%-60%。
7.权利要求4所述的混合除草剂，其特征在于：该混合除草剂以苯唑草酮与扑草津为主要有效成分和农药上允许的助剂配制成任意一种剂型。
8.权利要求7所述的混合除草剂，其特征在于：除草剂的剂型为油悬浮剂、水悬浮剂、可湿性粉剂、水分散粒剂。
9.权利要求1-8任一项所述的混合除草剂在防除玉米田中的各种禾本科、莎草科和阔叶杂草中的应用。
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