CN105452075A - 包括电动真空产生设备的机动车辆 - Google Patents

包括电动真空产生设备的机动车辆 Download PDF

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CN105452075A
CN105452075A CN201480044591.0A CN201480044591A CN105452075A CN 105452075 A CN105452075 A CN 105452075A CN 201480044591 A CN201480044591 A CN 201480044591A CN 105452075 A CN105452075 A CN 105452075A
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negative pressure
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R·阿巴尼
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Technology Advances Co
Technoboost SAS
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60TVEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T13/00Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems
    • B60T13/10Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems with fluid assistance, drive, or release
    • B60T13/24Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems with fluid assistance, drive, or release the fluid being gaseous
    • B60T13/46Vacuum systems
    • B60T13/52Vacuum systems indirect, i.e. vacuum booster units
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48Parallel type
    • B60K6/485Motor-assist type
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60WCONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/04Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
    • B60W10/06Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units including control of combustion engines
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60WCONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/04Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
    • B60W10/08Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units including control of electric propulsion units, e.g. motors or generators
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60WCONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W20/00Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
    • B60W20/10Controlling the power contribution of each of the prime movers to meet required power demand
    • B60W20/15Control strategies specially adapted for achieving a particular effect
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/62Hybrid vehicles

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Valves And Accessory Devices For Braking Systems (AREA)
  • Control Of Vehicle Engines Or Engines For Specific Uses (AREA)
  • Regulating Braking Force (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种包括负压制动装置(40)和交流起动器(31)的机动车辆。该车辆配置用于通过使由交流起动器(31)驱动的内燃机(1)运行而在制动装置中产生真空。这能够减少燃料消耗并且提供一种不存在专用于制动装置(40)的真空泵的车辆。

Description

包括电动真空产生设备的机动车辆
技术领域
本发明的领域涉及包括负压制动装置的机动车辆。
背景技术
负压制动装置用于机动车辆上,以增大由驾驶员施加的制动力。负压制动装置还能够在液压回路上减小驾驶员的力,以使车辆减速。
负压制动装置包括与内燃机的进气歧管连接的负压室。由于内燃机以一定转速转动运行,产生了增强的制动力。进气歧管的蝶形阀被关闭,由此阻止了大气进入所述进气歧管中。制动装置的负压室的空气通过内燃机的转动运行而被抽送,并且所述空气借助于歧管与制动装置的负压室之间的通路而被提供。该空气通路能够在内燃机转动运行时在负压室中产生真空并且能够增强制动力。这种装置例如在法国专利申请FR2855483中被描述。虽然该解决方案具有无需专用于制动装置的真空泵的优点,该配置尤其在车辆停止阶段消耗很多燃料。
已知尤其在内燃机停止时借助于与制动装置联结的真空泵来产生真空的另一种解决方案。该泵可为独立的并且被供电。然而,这种真空泵具有较差的性能并且不能够完成从安全性观点出发的在所有行驶状况下都令人满意的制动。已知法国专利申请FR2981901描述了一种设置有两个负压生成器的车辆。
用于车辆的这种系统的缺点在于增加了产生真空的解决方案的成本,尤其是增加了真空泵的数量以及负压生成器的检控设备。
为了降低该成本,已知一种产生真空的解决方案,该解决方案包括可由内燃机驱动或直接由动力系统的传动装置驱动的真空泵。申请人在过去已经递交的专利申请FR2977549描述了这种制动系统。该系统能够在车辆的低速阶段和停止阶段无需使内燃机转动运行,然而需要使用真空泵。
发明内容
因此需要提供一种用于机动车辆的产生真空的可选解决方案,该解决方案燃料消耗更少、成本更低并且在车辆的所有行驶阶段都令人满意。
更确切地,本发明涉及一种机动车辆,所述机动车辆包括:内燃机;负压制动装置,所述负压制动装置的负压室与所述内燃机的进气歧管连接,以能够通过所述内燃机的转动运行而在所述负压室中产生真空;电能量源;由所述电能量源致动的电机;以及在所述电机与所述内燃机之间的机械传动装置。
根据本发明,电能量源、电机和传动装置配置用于驱动内燃机基于电能转动运行,以在负压室中产生真空。
根据一种变型,电机为交流起动器。
根据一种变型,电能量源为电能蓄能器。
根据一种变型,机械传动装置为皮带。
根据一种变型,在内燃机基于电能产生真空的期间,所述内燃机被操控处于一定内燃机转速而无燃料喷射。
根据一种变型,车辆不包括用于在负压室中产生真空的真空泵。
本发明还涉及一种真空产生方法,所述真空产生方法由包括任意其中一项上述特征的车辆的控制系统来实施。
根据本发明,所述方法包括以下连续的步骤:
-请求产生真空,
-操控电能量源、电机和传动装置,以驱动内燃机基于电能转动运行,从而在负压室中产生真空。
根据一种变型,所述方法包括由电能蓄能器来致动电机的步骤。
优选地,在在负压室中产生真空的期间,所述内燃机不接收车轮转矩设定值请求。
本发明还涉及一种计算机程序,所述计算机程序包括由计算装置读取的指令,所述计算装置包括与可编程存储器联接的处理器,以控制机动车辆动力系统的控制系统并且实施根据本发明的真空产生方法。
由于本发明,在机动车辆中产生真空而无真空泵参与成为可能。这因此能够节省真空泵的成本。
此外,在制动系统的负压室中产生真空的方法能够借助于机械传动装置而使用设置在车辆中的电能,以能够由电机(尤其是交流起动器)驱动内燃机。因此,在内燃机运行以产生真空时无需喷射燃料。
附图说明
通过阅读以下作为非限制性示例给出的实施例的详细描述和唯一的附图,本发明的其它特征和优点将更加清楚,该附图示出了包括辅助制动装置和电动真空产生设备的机动车辆。
具体实施方式
本发明涉及的机动车辆包括与内燃机1联结的交流起动器。所述真空产生方法利用动力系统的交流起动器来实施制动装置所需的负压。
附图为机动车辆的动力系统构造的简化示意图,该动力系统包括与燃料储备容器2联结的内燃机1。该动力系统还包括能够电动致动电机31的电能蓄能器3。该动力系统进一步包括在电机31与内燃机1之间的机械传动装置4,以及包括负压制动装置40。
在该实施例中,内燃机1为由燃料储备容器2供应的汽油内燃机。内燃机1由车辆动力系统的监控器控制。该监控器设定内燃机1的控制请求,尤其是内燃机的起动和停止请求以及内燃机构件的请求。此外,该监控器设定车轮转矩设定值请求和内燃机转速设定值请求。
内燃机1配置用于能够在制动装置40的负压室中产生负压。为此,空气进气歧管与制动装置40的负压室连接。当内燃机1的蝶形阀关闭或部分关闭时,空气通路可在制动装置40的负压室与内燃机的进气歧管之间被打开。因此,当内燃机被操控处于一定转速并且被供应燃料以提供转矩和转速时,负压被实施在制动装置中。
例如当车辆驾驶员施加制动时,动力系统的监控器控制该负压的产生。当真空产生请求被启动时,该监控器传送并且调配适用于内燃机1和制动装置40的控制请求,以实施适当的负压。
因此,该机动车辆包括第一真空产生设备,所述第一真空产生设备的负压基于能够使内燃机1转动运行的燃料能量源2而生成。当需要负压时,监控器可控制内燃机1由于燃料而转动运行,并且实施对内燃机1和制动装置40的控制,以能够在负压室中产生真空。在该第一真空产生配置中,仅燃料被用于使内燃机转动运行。这通常涉及低速的运行模式,在该运行模式下内燃机1的蝶形阀被部分关闭。
此外,该车辆还包括电机3,该电机为在本发明的范围内用于在制动装置40中产生真空的交流起动器。机械传动装置4为与发动机1的曲轴连接的皮带。交流起动器31可被控制用于在第一运行模式下为蓄能器3充能,并且在其它运行模式下使内燃机1转动运行,尤其是当内燃机处于对于快速起动过程中的停止时。交流起动器通常用于在内燃机暂时停止之后快速重新起动该内燃机。该装置能够通过受益于使内燃机1停止的多个车辆停止阶段而大大减少了城市道路上的燃料消耗。
在变型中,电能量源3为供电装置,电机31为电动发动机,并且机械传动装置4为离合器、接合套或功率分配器。
动力系统的监控器可控制由蓄能器3致动的电机31来基于所述蓄能器的电能驱动内燃机1。因此,该机动车辆包括第二真空产生设备,所述第二真空产生设备的负压基于电能而生成。当需要负压时,监控器可控制内燃机1由于电能而转动运行,并且实施对内燃机1和制动装置40的控制,以能够在负压室中产生真空。在该真空产生配置中,电能储备容器中的电能用于使内燃机以确保负压室的空气抽送的内燃机转速转动运行。内燃机在充分的时长期间提供内燃机转速以产生真空,并且所述内燃机不接收伴随真空产生请求之后的起动请求。有利地,内燃机被操控无燃料喷射来使该内燃机运行。在该运行模式下,内燃机不提供内燃机转矩。
本发明的优点在于能够基于不同于设置在车辆中的燃料的其它能量源来驱动内燃机1。因此内燃机在零燃料消耗的模式下转动运行。
该车辆因此包括用于使内燃机转动运行并且在负压制动装置中产生真空的两种能量源。监控器可通过与内燃机和制动装置配合来控制每种能量源,以在特定于每种能量源的行驶状况下产生真空。
所述真空产生方法根据以下步骤进行。在第一步骤中,车辆不处于需要产生真空的状况下。当在适于使用电机31的行驶条件下真空产生请求被启动时,则在下一步骤中动力系统的监控器控制对于电机31的操控,以驱动内燃机1基于蓄能器3的电能转动运行,从而在负压室中产生真空。
行驶条件对应于速度非零并且加速阶段大于等于零的行驶状况。如果能量储备容器3的能量等级大于预定能量等级,则监控器触发基于存储在能量储备容器3中的能量来产生真空。在该真空产生方法的范围内,监控器向电池3和电机31传送命令,以驱动内燃机1,从而在制动装置40的负压室中产生真空。如果不满足该条件,则监控器控制基于燃料2来产生真空。
如果未检测到该行驶条件并且未检测到用于触发基于不同于燃料的其它能量源来产生真空的任何其它行驶状况,则由仅由燃料驱动的内燃机1来产生真空。
当能量储备容器3未设置用于产生真空(例如如果蓄能器3的能量等级未达到充分装满的等级)并且内燃机1正在转动运行以传送车轮转矩时,则监控器可传送用于产生真空的内燃机命令,这会损害车况。如果车况被该真空产生方法所特许,由于安全性原因,则第二制动装置被用于实施制动阶段。
动力系统的用于实施该真空产生方法的步骤的计算功能和控制功能由存储在线路中的计算机程序来执行,该线路一体化在动力系统的可编程存储器中,该存储器为可重写存储器或不可擦存储器。通常涉及的动力系统监控器包括与可编程存储器相联的具有微处理器的计算装置。

Claims (9)

1.一种机动车辆,所述机动车辆包括:内燃机(1);负压制动装置(40),所述负压制动装置的负压室与所述内燃机的进气歧管连接,以能够通过所述内燃机的转动运行而在所述负压室中产生真空;电能量源(3);由所述电能量源致动的电机(31);以及在所述电机与所述内燃机之间的机械传动装置(4),其特征在于,所述电能量源、所述电机和所述传动装置配置用于驱动所述内燃机基于电能转动运行,以在所述负压室中产生真空,并且在所述内燃机基于电能产生真空的期间,所述内燃机(1)被操控处于一定内燃机转速而无燃料喷射。
2.根据权利要求1所述的车辆,其特征在于,所述电机为交流起动器(31)。
3.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的车辆,其特征在于,所述电能量源为电能蓄能器(3)。
4.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的车辆,其特征在于,机械传动装置(4)为皮带。
5.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的车辆,其特征在于,所述车辆不包括用于在负压室中产生真空的真空泵。
6.一种真空产生方法,所述真空产生方法由根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的车辆的控制系统来实施,其特征在于,所述真空产生方法包括以下连续的步骤:
-请求产生真空,
-操控电能量源(3)、电机和传动装置(4),以驱动内燃机(1)基于电能转动运行,从而在负压室中产生真空。
7.根据权利要求6所述的方法,其特征在于,所述方法包括由电能蓄能器(3)来致动电机(31)的步骤。
8.根据权利要求6或7所述的方法,其特征在于,在在负压室中产生真空的期间,内燃机不接收车轮转矩设定值请求。
9.一种计算机程序,所述计算机程序包括由计算装置读取的指令,所述计算装置包括与可编程存储器联接的处理器,以控制机动车辆动力系统的控制系统并且实施根据权利要求6至8中任一项所述的真空产生方法。
CN201480044591.0A 2013-08-13 2014-06-20 包括电动真空产生设备的机动车辆 Expired - Fee Related CN105452075B (zh)

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