CN105445546B - A kind of intelligent acess formula electric energy meter with harmonic detection function - Google Patents
A kind of intelligent acess formula electric energy meter with harmonic detection function Download PDFInfo
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- CN105445546B CN105445546B CN201511032900.5A CN201511032900A CN105445546B CN 105445546 B CN105445546 B CN 105445546B CN 201511032900 A CN201511032900 A CN 201511032900A CN 105445546 B CN105445546 B CN 105445546B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R22/00—Arrangements for measuring time integral of electric power or current, e.g. electricity meters
- G01R22/06—Arrangements for measuring time integral of electric power or current, e.g. electricity meters by electronic methods
- G01R22/10—Arrangements for measuring time integral of electric power or current, e.g. electricity meters by electronic methods using digital techniques
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R11/00—Electromechanical arrangements for measuring time integral of electric power or current, e.g. of consumption
- G01R11/48—Meters specially adapted for measuring real or reactive components; Meters specially adapted for measuring apparent energy
- G01R11/54—Meters specially adapted for measuring real or reactive components; Meters specially adapted for measuring apparent energy for measuring simultaneously at least two of the following three variables: real component, reactive component, apparent energy
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R23/00—Arrangements for measuring frequencies; Arrangements for analysing frequency spectra
- G01R23/16—Spectrum analysis; Fourier analysis
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- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08C—TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS FOR MEASURED VALUES, CONTROL OR SIMILAR SIGNALS
- G08C23/00—Non-electrical signal transmission systems, e.g. optical systems
- G08C23/06—Non-electrical signal transmission systems, e.g. optical systems through light guides, e.g. optical fibres
Abstract
The present invention discloses a kind of intelligent acess formula electric energy meter with harmonic detection function, to meet Intelligent transformer station communication standard.It includes mainly：(1) part of data acquisition, optical fiber receiver-transmitter module receives the standard compliant data message that combining unit is sent, and is transmitted to ethernet PHY controller；Ethernet PHY controller carries out frame check to the data of reception and is sent into DSP after removing frame head and postamble；(2) data processing section after DSP receives data packet, parses data frame, extract sampled data therein, the calculating of voltage, electric current, each harmonic and performance number is completed using fft algorithm, and MCU is uploaded to by serial ports, while controlling power pulse output；(3) data management part, MCU complete the calculating and management of the electrical energy parameters such as active energy, reactive energy, requirement；(4) data communication part shows each item data by display module, and carries out communication transfer by infrared or 485 communication interfaces, completes the monitoring of operating parameter.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to Intelligent transformer station field more particularly to a kind of intelligent acess formula electricity with harmonic detection function
It can table.
Background technology
The entire framework of Intelligent transformer station is layered, is modeled and is communicated based on IEC61850 standards.In analog acquisition
Revolutionary variation has occurred in mode, the analog quantity in-situ digitalization that traditional primary equipment is exported, by network with it is secondary
Equipment is communicated, and realizes information sharing, and optical fiber is used in combination to substitute existing cable.Due to non-linear, the impact of load character,
And connected each other in by power grid line failure, power quality deteriorate etc. factors influenced, there are harmonic excess phenomenons.Electricity
The presence of power harmonic wave may cause the resonance in parallel or series of local devices, reduce service efficiency and the longevity of substation equipment
Life.Therefore, it is the basic demand of converting station electric power equipment safety stable operation to the accurate detection of harmonic wave progress, and conventional number
Change electric energy meter and does not have this detection function.
Invention content
The purpose of the present invention is designing a kind of intelligent acess formula electric energy meter with harmonic detection function, by using improvement
Fft algorithm afterwards can high-precision detection harmonic component and harmonic electric energy.
To solve the above problems, the embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of intelligent acess formula electric energy with harmonic detection function
Table, including
Part of data acquisition, including optical fiber receiver-transmitter module and ethernet PHY controller, the optical fiber receiver-transmitter module, which receives, to be closed
And the standard compliant data message that unit is sent, the acquisition of information is completed, and be transmitted to the ethernet PHY controller；With
PHY controllers are netted very much, frame check is carried out to the data of reception and remove frame head and postamble；
Data processing section, including DSP parse data frame after the DSP receives data packet, and extraction is wherein
Sampled data, the calculating of voltage, electric current, each harmonic and performance number is completed using fft algorithm, and is uploaded to by serial ports
MCU, while controlling the output of power pulse；
Data management part, including MCU, the MCU complete the meter of the electrical energy parameters such as active energy, reactive energy, requirement
It calculates and manages；
Data communication part shows each item data as desired by display module, and passes through infrared or 485 communication interfaces
Communication transfer is carried out, the monitoring of operating parameter is completed.
Optionally, the fft algorithm includes,
Butterfly coefficient initializes, the acquisition of data message；
Sampling, for every cycle to the accurate zero crossing of voltage and current sample Data Detection；
Synchronous interpolation, interpolation processing is synchronized by sampled data；
FFT transform call function carries out FFT transform and obtains the real and imaginary parts of each sampled data, and according to FFT transform
The amplitude and phase of each harmonic is calculated in real and imaginary parts afterwards；
According to the voltage, electric current, each harmonic amplitude that are calculated calculate separately fundamental wave and total harmonic wave active power and
Reactive power.
Optionally, cross zero detecting method is used in the sampling step,
When detecting that take near this sampled point N number of adopts when being more than 0 sampled point T more than certain threshold values and first
Sampling pointFitting a straight line, the value of t, as accurate mistake when calculating y=0 by least square method
Zero.The calculation formula of accurate zero crossing：
Wherein：For sampled pointSampled value,
For the average value of N number of sampled value.
Optionally, the synchronous interpolation procedure uses 2-base algorithm, uses points for 2 whole power side, synchronous interpolation procedure
Synchronous is 2 whole power side, synchronous interpolation algorithm formula：
Wherein：N1 is sampling number, and n2 is synchronous points (FFT transform points), and T1 is former sampled point subscript, and T2 is to synchronize
Sampled point subscript, yT2For synchronized sampling value, yT1For former sampled value.
Optionally, used in the FFT transform step memory headroom optimized treatment method for,
Define an aray variable data [3] [FFTNum]；
The deposit data of the current sampling data after interpolation calculation [0] will be synchronized, voltage sample value is stored in data [1]；
When calculating, FFT transform first is carried out to voltage sample value, transformation results will be automatically credited data [1] and data [2],
Data in data1 [1] and data [2] are carried out to the first half of deposit data [2] after amplitude and phase calculation, voltage harmonic
Amplitude and phase calculation formula difference are as follows：
Wherein：Re is real part, and Im is imaginary part；
FFT transform is carried out to current sampling data again, as a result will be automatically credited data [0] and data [1], then will be after calculating
The latter half of amplitude and phase deposit data [2], current harmonics amplitude and phase calculation formula and voltage harmonic amplitude and phase
Position calculation formula is identical.
Optionally, further include power supply unit, said supply unit is using the Switching Power Supply power supply of two-way redundancy wide scope, work
Make voltage range up to 65~460Vac or 80~650Vac.
Optionally, the optical fiber receiver-transmitter module connect simultaneously signal transmission by fiber medium with combining unit.
Optionally, further include quantitative model, phase three-wire three or three-phase and four-line can be used in the quantitative model.
Compared with prior art, the technical program has the following advantages：Compatible to IEC 61850-9-1 and IEC61850- simultaneously
9-2 standards can be applied in any one intelligent substation, without will produce any compatibility issue；Using two-way redundancy
The power supply power supply of wide scope；What is received is the sample information of pure digi-tal, and there is no temperature change, secondary cable pressure drops and secondary
Caused by cable the problems such as Contacted EMI, precision is higher than conventional electric energy meter；It is connect, is realized with combining unit by optical fiber
Effective electrical isolation, safety hazards will be controlled effectively；In data message by parsing combining unit output
Quality factor, will effectively avoid the reception of wrong sample information；It is formed, can be concentrated by change data according to transformer substation system
Structure, configure quantitative model, such as phase three-wire three, three-phase and four-line metering system, being different from conventional electric energy meter need to be according to external electrical
The cable mode of connection.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structure diagram of the intelligent acess formula electric energy meter with harmonic detection function of the embodiment of the present invention.
Specific implementation mode
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, by specific embodiment, clear, complete description is carried out to technical scheme of the present invention.
A kind of intelligent acess formula electric energy meter with harmonic detection function of the present invention uses the structure that DSP+MCU is combined,
The data-handling capacity of DSP is combined with the communication management ability of MCU.
As shown in Figure 1, the electric energy meter of the present invention includes optical fiber receiver-transmitter module, ethernet PHY controller, DSP, MCU and outer
Enclose circuit.Peripheral circuit includes power supply unit and the real-time clock being connect with MCU, infrared communication interface, display module, button mould
Block, double 485 communication interfaces, memory module.
Optical fiber receiver-transmitter module meets IEC61850-9-1/IEC61850- by what fiber medium reception combining unit was sent
The data message of 9-2 standards, completes the acquisition of information, and is transmitted to ethernet PHY controller.Ethernet PHY controller docks
The data progress frame check of receipts is sent into DSP after removing frame head and postamble.DSP is connect by the quantitative model of phase three-wire three/three-phase and four-line
After receiving data packet, data frame is parsed, extracts sampled data therein, voltage, electricity are completed using improved fft algorithm
The calculating of stream, each harmonic and performance number, and micro-control unit MCU is uploaded to by serial ports, while controlling the defeated of power pulse
Go out.Calculating and management with and without electrical energy parameters such as work(electric energy, requirements is completed by MCU, shows each item data as needed, and lead to
It crosses and carries out communication transfer by infrared or 485 communication interfaces, complete the monitoring of operating parameter.
The step of fft algorithm includes：
Butterfly coefficient initializes, the acquisition and initialization of data message；
Sampling detects accurate zero crossing per cycle to voltage and current sample data；
Synchronous interpolation, interpolation processing is synchronized by sampled data；
FFT transform, call function carry out FFT transform and obtain the real and imaginary parts of each sampled data, and according to FFT transform
The amplitude and phase of each harmonic is calculated in real and imaginary parts afterwards；
Electrical energy parameter calculates, and fundamental wave and total harmonic wave are calculated separately according to the voltage, electric current, each harmonic amplitude that are calculated
Active power and reactive power.
Above-mentioned algorithm is completed in dsp, and ordinal relation is not present with synchronous interpolation procedure in butterfly coefficient initialization, only
It to be completed before FFT transform.
Since signal conditioning circuit and AD sample circuits all have moved into electronic mutual inductor, the quality of electric energy algorithm
Directly determine measurement accuracy.
The present invention obtains accurate zero crossing using zero passage detection and least square method, and electricity is forced by synchronous interpolation algorithm
Pressure, electric current sampling number be 2 (meeting sampled point of the digital signal of IEC61850 standards in a cycle is for whole power side
80, and FFT is the whole power side that 2-base algorithm requirement sampling number is necessary for 2, therefore, electricity is forced by synchronous interpolation algorithm
The sampling number of pressure, electric current), FFT calculated performances are improved with special handle of data store organisation.
Sampling
Cross zero detecting method is a kind of method for surveying the period, two adjacent zero crossings of detection sinusoidal signal.Whether zero crossing
The precision of fundamental wave and harmonic wave will be accurately directly affected, therefore Potassium monopersulfate is quite important.
Specific method：When detect be more than 0 sampled point T more than certain threshold values and first when；Take this sampled point attached
Close N number of sampled pointFitting a straight line y=x0+x1t, when calculating y=0 by least square method
The value of t, as accurate zero crossing.Formula is as follows：
Wherein：For sampled pointSampled value,
For the average value of N number of sampled value.
Synchronous interpolation
The FFT that the present invention uses is 2-base algorithm, it is desirable that sampling number is 2 whole power side, therefore need to lead to sampled data
Cross synchronous interpolation algorithm to synchronize the whole power side for being 2, synchronous interpolation algorithm formula is as follows：
Wherein：N1 is sampling number, and n2 is synchronous points (FFT transform points),
T1 is source sampling point subscript, and T2 is synchronous sampling point subscript, and yT2 is synchronized sampling value, and yT1 is source sampling value.
FFT transform
When carrying out FFT transform, each sampled data can be calculated as two parts by the FFT functions of calling：Real and imaginary parts.
Therefore output data is twice of input data, improves FFT calculated performances for memory optimization space, has carried out following processing：
1) an aray variable data [3] [FFTNum] is defined；
2) the deposit data of the current sampling data after interpolation calculation [0] will be synchronized, voltage sample value is stored in data [1]；
3) when calculating, FFT transform first is carried out to voltage sample value, transformation results will be automatically credited data [1] and data
[2], the data in data1 [1] and data [2] are carried out to the first half of deposit data [2] after amplitude and phase calculation, voltage
Harmonic amplitude and phase calculation formula are respectively as shown in formula (4) (5)；
Wherein：Re is real part, and Im is imaginary part
4) FFT transform is carried out to current sampling data again, as a result will be automatically credited data [0] and data [1], at this moment data
[1] data have used in, capped to go wrong, then by after calculating amplitude and phase deposit data [2] it is later half
Part, current harmonics amplitude and phase calculation formula and formula (4) (5) are similar, no longer burdensome.
Electrical energy parameter calculates
According to active power and the idle work(of the voltage, electric current each harmonic amplitude calculating fundamental wave and total harmonic wave that are calculated
Rate, formula are respectively (6), formula (7)
Based on used algorithm, gradation current harmonics amplitude error is as shown in table 1：
| Current harmonics number | Current standard value | Current measurement value | Error % |
| Fundamental wave | 1.5 | 1.4997 | -0.02 |
| 15 subharmonic | 0.15 | 0.1497 | -0.2 |
| 24 subharmonic | 0.15 | 0.1491 | -0.6 |
| 33 subharmonic | 0.15 | 0.1486 | -0.933333333 |
| 44 subharmonic | 0.15 | 0.148 | -1.333333333 |
| 64 subharmonic | 0.15 | 0.1476 | -1.6 |
1 gradation current harmonics amplitude error of table
Gradation voltage harmonic amplitude error is as shown in table 2：
| Voltage harmonic number | Standard voltage value | Voltage measuring value | Error % |
| Fundamental wave | 57.735 | 57.7323 | -0.004676539 |
| 15 subharmonic | 5.7735 | 5.7692 | -0.074478219 |
| 24 subharmonic | 5.7735 | 5.766 | -0.129903871 |
| 33 subharmonic | 5.7735 | 5.7595 | -0.242487226 |
| 44 subharmonic | 5.7735 | 5.7503 | -0.401835975 |
| 64 subharmonic | 5.7735 | 5.7442 | -0.507491123 |
2 gradation voltage harmonic amplitude error of table
The advantageous effect and advantage that the present invention is brought：Compatible to IEC 61850-9-1 and IEC61850-9-2 standard simultaneously, can
To be applied in any one intelligent substation, without will produce any compatibility issue；Work(is detected with 1~64 subharmonic
Can, the harmonic pollution on power grid can be detected in real time；Using the power supply power supply of two-way redundancy wide scope；The reception from the parts DSP
It is the sample information of pure digi-tal, there is no conductibility electromagnetism caused by temperature change, secondary cable pressure drop and secondary cable is dry
The problems such as disturbing, precision are higher than conventional electric energy meter；It is connect with combining unit by optical fiber, realizes effective electrical isolation, safe thing
Therefore hidden danger will be controlled effectively；The quality factor in data message by parsing combining unit output, will effectively avoid
The reception of mistake sample information；It being formed according to transformer substation system, the structure that can be concentrated by change data configures quantitative model,
Such as phase three-wire three, three-phase and four-line metering system, being different from conventional electric energy meter need to be according to the external cable mode of connection.
Although the invention has been described by way of example and in terms of the preferred embodiments, but it is not for limiting the present invention, any this field
Technical staff without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, may be by the methods and technical content of the disclosure above to this hair
Bright technical solution makes possible variation and modification, therefore, every content without departing from technical solution of the present invention, and according to the present invention
Technical spirit to any simple modifications, equivalents, and modifications made by above example, belong to technical solution of the present invention
Protection domain.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of intelligent acess formula electric energy meter with harmonic detection function, which is characterized in that including
Part of data acquisition, including optical fiber receiver-transmitter module and ethernet PHY controller, the optical fiber receiver-transmitter module, which receives, merges list
The standard compliant data message that member is sent, completes the acquisition of information, and be transmitted to the ethernet PHY controller；Ethernet
PHY controllers carry out frame check to the data of reception and remove frame head and postamble；
Data processing section, including DSP parse data frame after the DSP receives data packet, and extraction is therein to adopt
Sample data, the calculating of voltage, electric current, each harmonic and performance number is completed using fft algorithm, and is uploaded to MCU by serial ports, together
When control power pulse output；
Data management part, including MCU, the MCU complete calculating and the pipe of active energy, reactive energy and requirement electrical energy parameter
Reason；
Data communication part shows each item data as desired by display module, and is carried out by infrared or 485 communication interfaces
Communication transfer completes the monitoring of operating parameter；
The fft algorithm includes,
Butterfly coefficient initializes, the acquisition of data message；
Sampling, for every cycle to the accurate zero crossing of voltage and current sample Data Detection；
Synchronous interpolation, interpolation processing is synchronized by sampled data；
FFT transform, call function carry out FFT transform and obtain the real and imaginary parts of each sampled data, and according to FFT transform after
The amplitude and phase of each harmonic is calculated in real and imaginary parts；
The active power of fundamental wave and total harmonic wave and idle is calculated separately according to the voltage, electric current, each harmonic amplitude that are calculated
Power；
Used in the FFT transform step memory headroom optimized treatment method for,
Define an aray variable data [3] [FFTNum]；
The deposit data of the current sampling data after interpolation calculation [0] will be synchronized, voltage sample value is stored in data [1]；
When calculating, FFT transform first is carried out to voltage sample value, transformation results will be automatically credited data [1] and data [2], will
Data in data [1] and data [2] carry out the first half of deposit data [2] after amplitude and phase calculation, voltage harmonic width
Value and phase calculation formula are respectively：
Wherein：Re is real part, and Im is imaginary part；
FFT transform is carried out to current sampling data again, as a result will be automatically credited data [0] and data [1], then by the amplitude after calculating
The latter half of data [2], current harmonics amplitude and phase calculation formula and voltage harmonic amplitude and phasometer are stored in phase
It is identical to calculate formula.
2. the intelligent acess formula electric energy meter with harmonic detection function as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the sampling
Cross zero detecting method is used in step,
When detect be more than 0 sampled point T more than certain threshold values and first when, take N number of sampled point near this sampled pointFitting a straight line y=x0+x1t, the value of t when calculating y=0 by least square method, as accurately
Zero crossing, the calculation formula of accurate zero crossing：
Wherein：yiFor sampled pointSampled value,
For the average value of N number of sampled value.
3. the intelligent acess formula electric energy meter with harmonic detection function as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the synchronization
Interpolation procedure uses 2-base algorithm, uses points for 2 whole power side, is become actual samples point number by synchronous interpolation procedure
For a value of 2 whole power side, synchronous interpolation algorithm formula：
Wherein：N1 is sampling number, and n2 is synchronous points, and T1 is former sampled point subscript, and T2 is synchronous sampling point subscript, yT2It is same
Walk sampled value, yT1For former sampled value, yT1+1For the sampled value of sampled point T1+1.
4. the intelligent acess formula electric energy meter with harmonic detection function as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that further include supplying
Electric unit, said supply unit are powered using the Switching Power Supply of two-way redundancy wide scope, operating voltage range up to 65~
460Vac or 80~650Vac.
5. the intelligent acess formula electric energy meter with harmonic detection function as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the optical fiber
Transceiver module is connect with combining unit by fiber medium and realizes signal transmission.
6. the intelligent acess formula electric energy meter with harmonic detection function as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that further include meter
Phase three-wire three or three-phase and four-line can be used in amount pattern, the quantitative model.
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