CN105434021B - 一种椎弓根螺钉 - Google Patents

一种椎弓根螺钉 Download PDF

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CN105434021B
CN105434021B CN201510839628.5A CN201510839628A CN105434021B CN 105434021 B CN105434021 B CN 105434021B CN 201510839628 A CN201510839628 A CN 201510839628A CN 105434021 B CN105434021 B CN 105434021B
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screw
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CN105434021A (zh
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周建明
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Zhejiang Kangci Medical Technology Co., Ltd.
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/56Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
    • A61B17/58Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
    • A61B17/68Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
    • A61B17/683Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin comprising bone transfixation elements, e.g. bolt with a distal cooperating element such as a nut
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/56Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
    • A61B17/58Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
    • A61B17/68Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
    • A61B17/685Elements to be fitted on the end of screws or wires, e.g. protective caps
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/56Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
    • A61B17/58Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
    • A61B17/68Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
    • A61B17/70Spinal positioners or stabilisers ; Bone stabilisers comprising fluid filler in an implant
    • A61B17/7001Screws or hooks combined with longitudinal elements which do not contact vertebrae
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/56Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
    • A61B17/58Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
    • A61B17/68Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
    • A61B17/70Spinal positioners or stabilisers ; Bone stabilisers comprising fluid filler in an implant
    • A61B17/7062Devices acting on, attached to, or simulating the effect of, vertebral processes, vertebral facets or ribs ; Tools for such devices
    • A61B17/7064Devices acting on, attached to, or simulating the effect of, vertebral facets; Tools therefor
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/56Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
    • A61B17/58Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
    • A61B17/68Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
    • A61B17/70Spinal positioners or stabilisers ; Bone stabilisers comprising fluid filler in an implant
    • A61B17/7074Tools specially adapted for spinal fixation operations other than for bone removal or filler handling
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/56Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
    • A61B17/58Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
    • A61B17/68Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
    • A61B17/84Fasteners therefor or fasteners being internal fixation devices
    • A61B17/86Pins or screws or threaded wires; nuts therefor
    • A61B17/8605Heads, i.e. proximal ends projecting from bone
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/56Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
    • A61B17/58Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
    • A61B17/68Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
    • A61B17/84Fasteners therefor or fasteners being internal fixation devices
    • A61B17/86Pins or screws or threaded wires; nuts therefor
    • A61B17/8605Heads, i.e. proximal ends projecting from bone
    • A61B17/861Heads, i.e. proximal ends projecting from bone specially shaped for gripping driver
    • A61B17/862Heads, i.e. proximal ends projecting from bone specially shaped for gripping driver at the periphery of the screw head
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/56Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
    • A61B2017/564Methods for bone or joint treatment

Abstract

本发明公开了一种医疗手术器械,尤其是一种椎弓根螺钉。该螺钉由螺钉部分和压紧螺母组成,螺钉部分包括互相连接的螺钉头和螺钉帽,螺钉头上设有为双线螺纹的外螺纹,螺顶帽的尾部设有带有内螺纹的U型凹槽,其结构特点是所述的压紧螺母安装在U型凹槽内,压紧螺母的外螺纹与U型凹槽的内螺纹相啮合,且压紧螺母的外螺纹的上缘在最外沿处设有凸台。本发明具有结构简单、强度高、安全性能高、植入体内后不易打滑松动的优点。

Description

一种椎弓根螺钉
技术领域
本发明涉及一种医疗手术器械,尤其是一种椎弓根螺钉。
背景技术
椎弓根螺钉在与连接棒、横向连接器配合使用时,需要用压紧固定螺母将其与连接棒固定连接。连接棒放置在椎弓根螺钉的U型凹槽内后,将压紧固定螺母拧入椎弓根螺钉的U型凹槽,压紧固定螺母与U型凹槽之间通过螺纹啮合连接,但这种连接方式容易出现打滑或松脱现象。
椎弓根螺钉根据螺钉头是否可以在螺钉帽内转动,主要分为定向椎弓根螺钉和万向椎弓根螺钉两种类型。其中万向椎弓根螺钉的螺钉头由杆体和球体组成,呈球状结构的球体置于螺钉帽内,球体可以在螺钉帽内转动,实现万向功能。如中国发明专利201010623046.0 公开的“动态椎弓根螺钉植入物”,其使用弹性挡圈卡住螺钉头套的球形外壁,限制螺钉脱出,同时提供螺钉的摆动角度,实现万向功能。其缺点是受到弹性挡圈的弹性强度影响,椎弓根螺钉在植入体内后,螺钉头常常会出现松动,影响整个脊柱内固定系统的稳定性;同时该螺钉由多个部件组成,结构较复杂。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供一种结构简单、强度高、安全性能高、植入体内后不易打滑松动的椎弓根螺钉。
本发明解决上述问题所采用的技术方案是:该螺钉由螺钉部分和压紧螺母组成,螺钉部分包括互相连接的螺钉头和螺钉帽,螺钉头上设有为双线螺纹的外螺纹,螺顶帽的尾部设有带有内螺纹的U型凹槽,其结构特点是所述的压紧螺母安装在U型凹槽内,压紧螺母的外螺纹与U型凹槽的内螺纹相啮合,且压紧螺母的外螺纹的上缘在最外沿处设有凸台。
本发明所述的螺钉部分还包括卡环,且螺钉头与螺钉帽为活动连接结构;螺钉帽头部在其开口处内壁上设有凸缘,且螺钉帽的内壁上设有卡槽,卡槽延伸出与U型凹槽相邻的卡口,卡槽的内径大于卡口的内径;螺钉头由一体结构的杆体和球体组成,球体呈球状结构且球体表面带有若干圈外凸的齿纹;球体位于螺钉帽头部内并与凸缘相接触,且球体的外径大于凸缘的内径;卡环的一端外壁上设有一圈外凸的台阶;卡环位于卡槽内并与球体相接触,卡环的内径小于球体的外径,台阶的外径大于卡口的内径,卡环的外径小于卡口的内径。
本发明所述螺钉帽尾部还设有加长部分,且加长部分与螺钉帽尾部之间设有楔形凹槽。
本发明所述的螺钉头内还设有贯通的渗出孔。
本发明与现有技术相比,具有以下有益效果:1、该螺钉在压紧螺母的外螺纹的上缘在最外沿处设置了凸台,这样压紧螺母安装在螺钉帽的U型凹槽内时,压紧螺母的外螺纹与U型凹槽的内螺纹可以更牢固的互相啮合在一起,不易出现打滑或松脱现象;2、该螺钉的螺钉头和螺钉帽为活动连接结构时,利用卡环将螺钉头的球体卡在螺钉帽头部内,球体可以在螺钉帽内较大角度的转动,同时卡环不会产生弹性形变,螺钉头球体不会产生松动;且仅由螺钉头、螺钉帽和卡环三个部件组成,结构简单,安装方便,结构稳定;3、在螺钉头的球体表面设置有若干圈外凸的齿纹,球体置于螺钉帽头部内时,可以增大互相之间的摩擦力,起到防滑作用,在植入人体内后结构更加稳固。
附图说明
图1为实施例1中螺钉部分的主视图。
图2为实施例1中螺钉部分的俯视图。
图3为图2的剖视图。
图4为实施例1中螺钉部分的立体图。
图5为实施例1中螺钉部分分解后的剖视图。
图6为实施例1中螺钉部分分解后的立体图。
图7为实施例1中螺钉部分的螺钉帽在转动时的状态图。
图8为图7的A处放大图。
图9为实施例1中压紧螺母的主视图。
图10为图9的B处放大图。
图11为实施例1中压紧螺母的剖面图。
图12为实施例1中压紧螺母的立体图。
图13为实施例1的使用状态图。
图14为图13在植入人体后的状态图。
图15为实施例2中螺钉部分的主视图。
图16为实施例2中螺钉部分的俯视图。
图17为图16的剖视图。
图18为实施例2中螺钉部分的立体图。
图19为实施例2中螺钉部分分解后的剖视图。
图20为实施例2中螺钉部分分解后的立体图。
图21为实施例3中螺钉部分的主视图。
图22为实施例3中螺钉部分的俯视图。
图23为图22的剖视图。
图24为实施例3中螺钉部分的立体图。
图25为实施例3中螺钉部分分解后的剖视图。
图26为实施例3中螺钉部分分解后的立体图。
图27为实施例4中螺钉部分的主视图。
图28为实施例4中螺钉部分的俯视图。
图29为图28的剖视图。
图30为实施例4中螺钉部分的立体图。
图31为实施例4中螺钉部分分解后的剖视图。
图32为实施例4中螺钉部分分解后的立体图。
具体实施方式
实施例1:
参见图1—图12,本实施例由螺钉部分和压紧螺母3组成,螺钉部分包括螺钉头1、螺钉帽2和卡环4,其中螺钉头1和螺钉帽2为活动连接结构,螺钉头1上设有为双线螺纹的外螺纹。螺顶帽2的尾部设有带有内螺纹的U型凹槽21,压紧螺母3安装在U型凹槽21内,压紧螺母3的外螺纹与U型凹槽21的内螺纹相啮合,且压紧螺母3的外螺纹的上缘在最外沿处设有凸台31。凸台31使压紧螺母3的外螺纹与U型凹槽21的内螺纹可以更牢固的互相啮合在一起,不易出现打滑或松脱现象。
螺钉帽2头部在其开口处内壁上设有凸缘22,且螺钉帽2的内壁上设有环形的卡槽23,卡槽23延伸出与U型凹槽21相邻的卡口24,卡槽23的内径大于卡口24的内径。
螺钉头1由一体结构的杆体11和球体12组成,杆体11上设有为双线螺纹的外螺纹;球体12呈球状结构,且球体12表面带有若干圈外凸的齿纹13。球体12的外径大于凸缘22的内径;
卡环4的一端外壁上设有一圈外凸的台阶41;卡环4的内径小于球体12的外径,卡环4在台阶41处的外径大于卡口24的内径,卡环4本体部分的外径小于卡口24的内径。
组装时,按照图6中的装配方向,先将螺钉头1装入螺钉帽2中,球体12位于螺钉帽2头部内并与凸缘22相接触;再将卡环4装入螺钉帽2中,由于卡环4本体部分的外径小于卡口24的内径、卡环4在台阶41处的外径大于卡口24的内径、卡槽23的内径大于卡口24的内径,因此卡环4的本体部分经过卡口24后进入卡槽23内,台阶41无法经过卡口24,此时用工具对卡环4施加外力,台阶41在外力作用下经过卡口24后进入卡槽23内,这样卡环4就全部进入卡槽23内了,卡环4被固定在卡槽23内,且与球体12相接触。这样就实现了将螺钉头1的球体12可转动的固定在螺钉帽2内。参见图7,球体12的转动角度控制在50度以内,方便手术操作。球体12上的齿纹13可以增大球体12和螺钉帽2之间的摩擦力,起到防滑作用。
参见图13和图14,本实施例使用时与横向连接器6、连接棒7配合使用。连接棒7放入螺钉帽2的U型凹槽21内后,将压紧螺母3拧入U型凹槽21内,两者通过螺纹啮合固定连接在一起,从而将连接棒7固定在螺钉帽2内。
实施例2:
参见图15—图20,本实施例在螺钉帽2尾部设有加长部分5,且加长部分5与螺钉帽2尾部之间设有楔形凹槽51。加长部分5的作用是在使用中有利于接上连接棒7,等装好连接棒7后再将加长部分5折断舍弃。
本实施例的其余结构和使用方法均与实施例1相同。
实施例3:
参见图21—图26,本实施例在螺钉头1内设有贯通的渗出孔14,用于注入骨水泥等填充物。
本实施例的其余结构和使用方法均与实施例1相同。
实施例4:
参见图27—图32,本实施例在螺钉帽2尾部设有加长部分5,且加长部分5与螺钉帽2尾部之间设有楔形凹槽51。加长部分5的作用是在使用中有利于接上连接棒7,等装好连接棒7后再将加长部分5折断舍弃。本实施例还在螺钉头1内设有贯通的渗出孔14,用于注入骨水泥等填充物。
本实施例的其余结构和使用方法均与实施例1相同。

Claims (3)

1.一种椎弓根螺钉,由螺钉部分和压紧螺母(3)组成,螺钉部分包括互相连接的螺钉头(1)和螺钉帽(2),螺钉头(1)上设有为双线螺纹的外螺纹,螺顶帽(2)的尾部设有带有内螺纹的U型凹槽(21),其特征是:所述的压紧螺母(3)安装在U型凹槽(21)内,压紧螺母(3)的外螺纹与U型凹槽(21)的内螺纹相啮合,且压紧螺母(3)的外螺纹的上缘在最外沿处设有凸台(31);所述的螺钉部分还包括卡环(4),且螺钉头(1)与螺钉帽(2)为活动连接结构,螺钉帽(2)头部在其开口处内壁上设有凸缘(22),且螺钉帽(2)的内壁上设有卡槽(23),卡槽(23)延伸出与U型凹槽(21)相邻的卡口(24),卡槽(23)的内径大于卡口(24)的内径;螺钉头(1)由一体结构的杆体(11)和球体(12)组成,球体(12)呈球状结构,球体(12)表面带有若干圈外凸的齿纹(13);球体(12)位于螺钉帽(2)头部内并与凸缘(22)相接触,且球体(12)的外径大于凸缘(22)的内径;卡环(4)的一端外壁上设有一圈外凸的台阶(41);卡环(4)位于卡槽(23)内并与球体(12)相接触,卡环(4)的内径小于球体(12)的外径,台阶(41)的外径大于卡口(24)的内径,卡环(4)的外径小于卡口(24)的内径。
2.根据权利要求1所述的椎弓根螺钉,其特征是:所述螺钉帽(2)尾部还设有加长部分(5),且加长部分(5)与螺钉帽(2)尾部之间设有楔形凹槽(51)。
3.根据权利要求1所述的椎弓根螺钉,其特征是:所述的螺钉头(1)内还设有贯通的渗出孔(14)。
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