CN105432666B - 一种含苏云金杆菌的农药组合物 - Google Patents
一种含苏云金杆菌的农药组合物 Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/90—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having two or more relevant hetero rings, condensed among themselves or with a common carbocyclic ring system
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N51/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds having the sequences of atoms O—N—S, X—O—S, N—N—S, O—N—N or O-halogen, regardless of the number of bonds each atom has and with no atom of these sequences forming part of a heterocyclic ring
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种含苏云金杆菌的农药组合物，活性成分由苏云金杆菌、甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐和噻虫胺组成，设定以50000IU/毫克的原药为100％原药，甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐、噻虫胺和苏云金杆菌在组合物中的重量比为0.2～1:1～3:2～8。本发明的3个农药成分作用机制互为不同，相互混用协同增效明显，有利于减少农药施用量，降低农药成本；采用不同作用机制的农药混配，有利于延缓害虫对单一药剂抗性，延长药剂的使用周期。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及农药技术领域，具体是一种含苏云金杆菌的农药组合物。
背景技术
小菜蛾,属鳞翅目,菜蛾科,是十字花科蔬菜生产上的重要害虫。小菜蛾的初龄幼虫取食叶肉，留下表皮，在菜叶上形成一个个透明的斑，3-4龄幼虫可将菜叶食成孔洞和缺刻，严重时全叶被吃成网状,严重影响蔬菜的产量和品质。
目前，十字花科蔬菜的复种指数很高，频繁用药，特别是频繁使用单一药剂使得害虫抗性的增长很快。长期以来，小菜蛾以阿维菌素及其复配剂作为主要药剂进行防治，频繁且相对单一的用药使得小菜蛾对阿维菌素及其复配剂的抗性增大，造成药效降低，防治成本增加。因此寻求代替阿维菌素类的药剂成为紧急而迫切的问题。
通过不同作用机制的农药复配是解决害虫抗性问题的简单而快捷的途径，目前以苏云金杆菌、甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐及噻虫胺相互混配作为小菜蛾的主要防治药剂还没有相关的报道。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于，针对以上技术问题，提供一种含苏云金杆菌的农药组合物，能有效防治十字花科蔬菜的小菜蛾。
本发明所采取的技术方案是：一种含苏云金杆菌的农药组合物，包括活性成分和辅助剂，其中活性成分包括：
(1)苏云金杆菌，英文名称：Bacillus thuringiensis(B.t.),是一种微生物源低毒杀虫剂,以胃毒作用为主,使害虫停止取食而饥饿死亡，但其作用效果比较慢。用于防治直翅目、鞘翅目，特别是鳞翅目的多种害虫。
(2)甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐，是一种高效、广谱、残效期长的优良杀虫剂，具有触杀、胃毒作用，无内吸作用，但能有效的渗入施用作物的表皮组织，对叶背的害虫也有较好的防治效果。广泛用于防治鳞翅目、螨类、鞘翅目的多种害虫。
(3)噻虫胺,化学名称为：(E)-1-(2-氯-1,3-噻唑-5-基甲基)-3-甲基-2-2-硝基胍，是新烟碱类中的一种杀虫剂，具有触杀、胃毒和内吸性能，用于防治刺吸式口器和咀嚼式口器的半翅目、同翅目、鞘翅目和鳞翅目的害虫，具有高效、广谱、用量少、毒性低、持效期长、对作物无药害、使用安全、与常规农药无交互抗性等优点。
所述的活性成分，苏云金杆菌在组合物的含量为1000IU/毫克～8000IU/毫克，优选为2000IU/毫克和4000IU/毫克；设定以50000IU/毫克的原药为100％原药，苏云金杆菌在组合物中的比例为2～16％，优选为4％和8％；甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐在组合物中的百分比为0.2～1.0％，优选为0.3％和0.5％；噻虫胺在组合物中的百分比为1.0～3.0％
所述的活性成分，甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐、噻虫胺和苏云金杆菌在组合物中的重量比为0.2～1:1～3:2～8，优选为0.3:3:4和0.5:3:4。
所用的辅助剂包括溶剂、分散剂、湿润剂、消泡剂、增稠剂、抗冻剂、稳定剂或其它有益于有效成分在制剂中稳定和药效发挥的物质,都是农药制剂领域中常用或允许使用的各种成分。
所述的一种含苏云金杆菌的农药组合物制备成农业上可接受的悬浮剂。
所述的一种含苏云金杆菌的农药组合物适用防治十字花科蔬菜上的小菜蛾。
本发明的农药组合物，与现有技术相比，具有以下优点和显著效果：本发明的3个农药成分作用机制互为不同，相互混用协同增效明显，有利于减少农药施用量，降低农药成本；采用不同作用机制的农药混配，有利于延缓害虫对单一药剂抗性，延长药剂的使用周期。
具体实施方式
以下通过具体的实施例对本发明的技术方案和技术效果作进一步说明，本发明所述的百分比均为重量百分比。
一、室内联合毒力测定试验
实施例1：苏云金杆菌、甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐和噻虫胺及混剂对小菜蛾的室内毒力测定
(1)供试昆虫：小菜蛾的蛹及老熟幼虫均采自成都市郊区甘蓝地，于网室内羽化为成虫，交配产卵于盆栽甘蓝上，长至3龄幼虫后备用。
(2)试验设计：经过预备试验确定苏云金杆菌、甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐及噻虫胺各单剂及不同混配剂的有效致死浓度范围，每个药剂按有效成分含量分别设计五个梯度浓度处理，以不含原药的空白处理做对照。
(3)试验方法：试验时分别将苏云金杆菌、甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐、噻虫胺以及各混配剂的母液稀释成5个系列梯度浓度，分别置于烧杯中备用。采用先浸液后接虫的方法，将未接触任何药剂的大小一致的新鲜甘蓝叶在配制好的药液中浸泡5s后取出、自然晾干，放入养虫盒中，然后接上供试3龄幼虫，在25℃条件下饲养，每处理3次重复，每重复所用试虫数为30头，同时设置空白对照，于72h检查死虫数，计算死亡率和校正死亡率，求出毒力回归方程并计算LC50。
(4)数据处理：采用孙云沛等1960年提出的共毒系数法(CTC)来评价药剂混用的增效作用，当共毒系数(CTC)≥120时，组合物表现为增效作用；当CTC≤80时，组合物表现为拮抗作用；当80＜CTC＜120时，组合物表现为相加作用。
试验结果见表1。
表1苏云金杆菌、甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐、噻虫胺及混剂对小菜蛾的毒力测定
室内联合毒力测定试验的测定结果表明，当甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐、噻虫胺和苏云金杆菌的混配比例为0.2～1:1～3:2～8时,共毒系数(CTC)均大于120，具有明显的增效作用；当甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐、噻虫胺和苏云金杆菌的混配比为1:5:10时，共毒系数(CTC)小于80，混配具有拮抗作用。
二、产品实施例
实施例1：0.3％甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐·3.0％噻虫胺·2000IU/毫克苏云金杆菌悬浮剂
配方:称取75％甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐原药0.4kg，97％噻虫胺原药3.1kg，50000IU/毫克的苏云金杆菌原药4.0kg,萘磺酸盐甲醛缩合物(分散剂)3.5kg，十二烷基苯磺酸钙(乳化剂)3.5kg，黄原胶(增稠剂)2.5kg，异丙醇(消泡剂)1.0kg,去离子水补足至100kg。
实施例2：0.5％甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐·3.0％噻虫胺·2000IU/毫克苏云金杆菌悬浮剂
配方:称取75％甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐原药0.67kg，97％噻虫胺原药3.1kg，50000IU/毫克的苏云金杆菌原药4.0kg,萘磺酸盐甲醛缩合物(分散剂)7.5kg，十二烷基苯磺酸钙(乳化剂)5.0kg，黄原胶(增稠剂)2.5kg，异丙醇(消泡剂)2.5kg,去离子水补足至100kg。
实施例3：0.2％甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐·2.0％噻虫胺·4000IU/毫克苏云金杆菌悬浮剂
配方:称取75％甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐原药0.27kg，97％噻虫胺原药2.06kg，50000IU/毫克的苏云金杆菌原药8.0kg,萘磺酸盐甲醛缩合物(分散剂)2.5kg，烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚(润湿剂)2.5kg，十二烷基苯磺酸钙(乳化剂)5.0kg，黄原胶(增稠剂)1.5kg，异丙醇(消泡剂)1.5kg,去离子水补足至100kg。
制备方法：将上述实施例1-3所述的配方组分混合均匀，经过高速剪切混合均匀，在球磨机中球磨2～3小时，使微粒粒径全部在5μm以下，制得本发明所述的悬浮剂产品。
三、应用实施例
实施例1：将0.3％甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐·3.0％噻虫胺·2000IU/毫克苏云金杆菌悬浮剂应用于防治甘蓝小菜蛾的田间试验。
(1)试验设计:将0.3％甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐·3.0％噻虫胺·2000IU/毫克苏云金杆菌悬浮剂作为试验组1#,按25克/亩稀释喷雾；以2.5％甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐悬浮剂作为对照组1#，按50克/亩稀释喷雾；10％噻虫胺悬浮剂作为对照组2#，按50克/亩稀释喷雾；8000IU/毫克苏云金杆菌悬浮剂作为对照组3#，，按50克/亩稀释喷雾；设置1个空白对照组。
(2)施药、调查方法：选择危害严重的甘蓝菜地，将每个小区固定10株甘蓝作为调查株，记录全部叶片上的幼虫数量。喷药前调查虫口基数，分别在喷药后3、7天调查活虫数，计算防治效果。试验结果如下表所示：
从试验中看出，甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐、噻虫胺与苏云金杆菌进行合理混配后，混配剂对甘蓝小菜蛾的增效明显，既减少有效成分的使用量，又表现出了优于单剂的田间效果。
实施例2：0.5％甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐·3.0％噻虫胺·2000IU/毫克苏云金杆菌悬浮剂应用于防治花椰菜小菜蛾的田间试验
(1)试验设计:将0.5％甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐·3.0％噻虫胺·2000IU/毫克苏云金杆菌悬浮剂作为试验组1#,按20克/亩稀释喷雾；以2.5％甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐悬浮剂作为对照组1#，按45克/亩稀释喷雾；10％噻虫胺悬浮剂作为对照组2#，按45克/亩稀释喷雾；8000IU/毫克苏云金杆菌悬浮剂作为对照组3#，，按45克/亩稀释喷雾；设置1个空白对照组。
(2)施药、调查方法：选择虫龄基本为3龄幼虫的小菜蛾危害严重的花椰菜地，将每个小区固定15株作为调查株，记录全部叶片上的幼虫数量。喷药前调查虫口基数，分别在喷药后1、3天调查活虫数，计算防治效果。试验结果如下表所示：
从试验中看出，甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐、噻虫胺与苏云金杆菌进行合理混配后，混配剂对花椰菜小菜蛾的增效明显，既减少有效成分的使用量，又表现出了优于单剂的田间效果。
Claims (4)
1.一种含苏云金杆菌的农药组合物，其特征在于，其活性成分由苏云金杆菌、甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐和噻虫胺组成，设定苏云金杆菌以50000IU/毫克的原药为100％原药，甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐、噻虫胺和苏云金杆菌在组合物中的重量比为0.2～1:1～3:2～8。
2.根据权利要求1所述的含苏云金杆菌的农药组合物，其特征在于，设定苏云金杆菌以50000IU/毫克的原药为100％原药，甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐、噻虫胺和苏云金杆菌在组合物中的重量比为0.3:3:4和0.5:3:4。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的含苏云金杆菌的农药组合物，其特征在于，苏云金杆菌在组合物中的重量比为2～16％，甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐在组合物中的重量比为0.2～1.0％，噻虫胺在组合物中的重量比为1.0～3.0％。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的含苏云金杆菌的农药组合物，其特征在于，所述的农药组合物制备成悬浮剂。
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