CN105429108A - Overcharge and over-discharge protection circuit of series-connected lead acid battery pack - Google Patents
Overcharge and over-discharge protection circuit of series-connected lead acid battery pack Download PDFInfo
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- CN105429108A CN105429108A CN201510653243.XA CN201510653243A CN105429108A CN 105429108 A CN105429108 A CN 105429108A CN 201510653243 A CN201510653243 A CN 201510653243A CN 105429108 A CN105429108 A CN 105429108A
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Abstract
According to a chargeable series-connected lead acid battery pack, the cost is low, the cost performance is high, safety and reliability are realized, and the chargeable series-connected lead acid battery pack can be widely applied to electric bicycles, electric automobiles, communication, portable tools, aerospace, solar energy, wind-power generation, and various energy storage apparatuses. The main reasons of the damage to the series-connected lead acid battery pack are overcharge and over-discharge caused by inconsistent and imbalanced characteristics of batteries in the battery pack. The invention relates to an overcharge and over-discharge protection circuit of a series-connected storage battery pack. Specifically, a low-voltage lithium battery protection application specific integrated circuit is employed to control the storage battery with high voltage via voltage dividing, the storage battery pack of the series-connected storage batteries is further protected via cascade of voltage-stabilizing diodes, and problems of complicated discrete elements and the single-chip microcomputer data acquisition topology circuit, low precision, high cost, and high quiescent current are avoided.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of series-connected batteries overcharge over-discharge protection circuit.Particularly, use a kind of low-voltage li-ion cell protection application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) to carry out Control protection high voltage battery, further cascade protection series-connected batteries, the invention belongs to storage battery source technology and electric motor car application association area.
Background technology
At present, because chargeable series connection lead-acid batteries cost is low, cost performance is high, safe and reliable, is widely used in electric bicycle, electric automobile, communication, portable dam, Aero-Space, solar energy, wind power generation and various energy storage device.Monomer chargeable storage voltage is generally 12 volts, and the voltage of electrokinetic cell generally needs tens volts even higher, therefore needs many cells to be cascaded use.The series connection of a large amount of battery uses, due to the deviation of each cell capacity, internal resistance, temperature in charge and discharge process, be easy to cause each cell voltage unanimously unbalanced, the lighter causes decline and the rapid decay of battery capacity, and severe one causes battery pack blast on fire.General series connection lead-acid batteries useful life is 2 years half a year at least at most, and the useful life of storage battery is short, cost is high becomes maximum problem.
According to the research of Japanese MGP society, series connection lead-acid batteries is damaged, and more than 90% reason is so-called " dehydration " and " sulfuration ", and this is in fact the overcharge and overdischarge problem that cause because each battery behavior in battery pack is inconsistent, unbalanced.The discharge and recharge of any one piece of GB storage battery can maintain 80% capacity more than 300 times in theory, in fact the life-span of series battery sometimes connect monomer storage battery one half-life less than, one piece of whole Battery pack of cell damage just all can not be used, this is because general series connection lead-acid batteries charging-discharging controller only detects the global voltage of battery pack to prevent super-charge super-discharge.But in series connection storage battery, although identical by the electric current of monomer storage battery, but because its capacity, internal resistance and remaining capacity can not be identical, the discharge and recharge degree of depth of storage battery also can be different, federation capacious charge less owes to put, and federation's super-charge super-discharge that capacity is little, this just causes, and decay capacious is slow, the life-span is long, the decay quickening that capacity is little, the lost of life, along with discharge and recharge number of times increases, vicious circle, difference can be increasing, and final low capacity storage battery can lose efficacy very soon thus cause battery pack premature failure.
For a long time; not enough owing to there is serious super-charge super-discharge problem understanding to series connection rechargable power supplies; in addition the crucial protect IC of storage battery storage battery is lacked; and use discrete component and universal integrated circuit or use single-chip data acquisition topology to design storage battery protective circuit; not only circuit is complicated, precision is low, cost is high; and quiescent current is very large; be connected on for a long time on storage battery and can cause overdischarge by consumption storage battery electricity very soon, so use the battery vehicle of polylith series connection lead-acid battery to be in " running nakedly " state always.The series connection lead-acid batteries super-charge super-discharge protective circuit of invention creatively uses low voltage lithium battery protection special chip; by circuit testing many times; solve the sampling of micro-current voltage distribution; a difficult problem for high-voltage cascade; can ensure all batteries of battery pack all trouble free service under normal using state; do not overcharge and only put, thus reach protection battery, the object in multiplication life-span.Experiment proves that protective circuit is simple, cost is low, and working stability is reliable, and function admirable, respond well in actual use.
Summary of the invention
Cause circuit complicated in order to avoid use discrete component and universal integrated circuit, precision is low, cost is high, the problem that quiescent current is large, and use each monomer battery voltage of single-chip data acquisition topology measurement series battery to have accumulated error to become large gradually, every batteries voltage measurement accuracy can not be ensured, power consumption is large, the problem that cost is high, the invention provides one and use comparatively low voltage lithium battery protection special chip, by micro-current voltage distribution sampling method, measure the method for the bottle high voltage that often economizes on electricity, series electrical bottle height pressure is solved by cascade, a difficult problem for each battery voltage of accurate measurement, thus make all storage batterys all trouble free service in normal using state, do not overcharge and only put, thus reach protection battery, the object in multiplication life-span.
The technical solution adopted in the present invention as shown in Figure 1, is applicable to N number of series connection lead acid accumulator, each storage battery nominal voltage 12V but be not limited to 12V.
Circuit by storage battery BAT1 to BATn, field effect transistor MOSFET1 to MOSFET4, li-ion cell protection special chip U1 to Un and accurate divider resistance R1, R2, R3, R4; R5, R6, R7; the resistance such as R8, R2n, 2n-1, voltage-stabiliser tube D1 to D2n, electric capacity C1 to C2n network are formed.U1-n is the lithium ion chargeable battery protection IC of built-in high-accuracy voltage testing circuit and delay circuit.
The protective circuit course of work is as follows.
In the use procedure of series connection storage battery, storage battery BAT1 voltage obtains about 4V voltage for chip U1 work and detection through divider resistance R1-2 dividing potential drop, when storage battery BAT1 voltage is at normal 10.7V to 14.1V, and charging and discharging control pin CTLC or CTLD is when being low, chip U1 is operated in normal condition, 6,7 pin CO, DO exports electronegative potential, drags down charging and discharging control pin CTLC and CTLD of chip U2.When storage battery BAT1 discharge and recharge, voltage exceeds normal 10.7V to 14.1V, the corresponding output high potential of 6, the 7 pin CO of chip U1, DO, has raised charging and discharging control pin CTLC or CTLD of chip U2.
Storage battery BAT2 voltage obtains about 4V voltage for chip U2 work and detection through divider resistance R3-4 dividing potential drop, when storage battery BAT2 voltage is at normal 10.7V to 14.1V, and charging and discharging control pin CTLC or CTLD is when being low, chip U2 is operated in normal condition, 6,7 pin CO, DO export electronegative potential, drag down charging and discharging control pin CTLC and CTLD of chip U3.When storage battery BAT2 discharge and recharge, voltage exceeds normal 10.7V to 14.1V, or charging and discharging control pin CTLC or CTLD is when being high potential, 6, the 7 pin CO of chip U2, the corresponding output high potential of DO, has raised charging and discharging control pin CTLC or CTLD of chip U3.
Storage battery BAT3 voltage obtains about 4V voltage for chip U3 work and detection through divider resistance R5-6 dividing potential drop, when storage battery BAT3 voltage is at normal 10.7V to 14.1V, and charging and discharging control pin CTLC or CTLD is when being low, chip U3 is operated in normal condition, 6,7 pin CO, DO export electronegative potential, drag down charging and discharging control pin CTLC and CTLD of chip U4.When storage battery BAT3 discharge and recharge, voltage exceeds normal 10.7V to 14.1V, or charging and discharging control pin CTLC or CTLD is when being high potential, 6, the 7 pin CO of chip U3, the corresponding output high potential of DO, has raised charging and discharging control pin CTLC or CTLD of chip U4.
Storage battery BAT4 voltage obtains about 4V voltage for chip U4 work and detection through divider resistance R7-8 dividing potential drop, when storage battery BAT4 voltage is at normal 10.7V to 14.1V, and charging and discharging control pin CTLC or CTLD is when being low, chip U4 is operated in normal condition, 6,7 pin CO, DO export electronegative potential, drag down charging and discharging control pin CTLC and CTLD of chip U5.When storage battery BAT4 discharge and recharge, voltage exceeds normal 10.7V to 14.1V, or charging and discharging control pin CTLC or CTLD is when being high potential, 6, the 7 pin CO of chip U4, the corresponding output high potential of DO, has raised charging and discharging control pin CTLC or CTLD of chip U5.
Storage battery BATn voltage is through divider resistance R2n+1,2n+2 dividing potential drop obtains about 4V voltage for chip Un work and detection, when storage battery BATn voltage is at normal 10.7V to 14.1V, and charging and discharging control pin CTLC or CTLD is when being low, chip Un is operated in normal condition, 6,7 pin CO, DO exports electronegative potential, field effect transistor MOSFET1-2 conducting, makes output field effect transistor MOSFET3-4 conducting.When storage battery BATn discharge and recharge, voltage exceeds normal 10.7V to 14.1V, or charging and discharging control pin CTLC or CTLD is when being high potential, 6 of chip Un, 7 pin CO, the corresponding output high potential of DO, the corresponding not conducting of field effect transistor MOSFET1-2, makes corresponding output field effect transistor MOSFET3-4 end, and cuts off series connection storage battery group and is connected with external circuit.
In sum, when storage battery BAT1 to BATn voltage is all at normal 10.7V to 14.1V, chip Un is operated in normal condition, and 6,7 pin CO, DO export electronegative potential, field effect transistor MOSFET1-2 conducting, makes output field effect transistor MOSFET3-4 conducting.When storage battery BAT1 to BATn discharge and recharge, any one battery voltage exceeds normal 10.7V to 14.1V; 6 of chip Un; 7 pin CO; the corresponding output high potential of DO; the corresponding not conducting of field effect transistor MOSFET1-2; corresponding output field effect transistor MOSFET3-4 is ended, cuts off series connection storage battery group and is connected with external circuit, thus protect storage battery of connecting and avoid overcharge or overdischarge.
Fig. 1 is principle of the invention figure
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing 1 and embodiment, invention is further illustrated.
In Fig. 1; BAT1, BAT2, BAT3, BAT4 are the 12V storage batterys of 4 joint series connection; MOSFET1-2 is small-power field effect transistor; MOSFET3-4 is high-power FET; U1-4 is the lithium ion lighium polymer rechargeable battery protection IC of built-in high-accuracy voltage testing circuit and delay circuit; R1; R3; R5, R7 are 105 precision resistances, and R2, R4, R6, R8 are 43k ohm precision resistance; D1, D2, D3, D4, D5, D6; D7, D8 are 8.4V small-power voltage-stabiliser tube, and C1, C3, C5, C7 are 103 ceramic disc capacitors, and C2, C4, C6, C8 are 104 ceramic disc capacitors.When adopting above circuit parameter, protection basic parameter is as shown in the table.
Table one: protect basic parameter list:
Claims (4)
1. a series-connected batteries overcharge over-discharge protection circuit; it is characterized in that: use comparatively low voltage lithium battery protection special chip; control often to economize on electricity bottle high voltage by micro-current voltage distribution sampling and measuring; the difficult problem that series electrical bottle height pressure accurately measures each battery voltage is solved by cascade; thus make all storage batterys all trouble free service in normal using state; do not overcharge and only put, thus reach protection battery, the object in multiplication life-span.
2. a kind of series-connected batteries overcharge over-discharge protection circuit according to claim 1, uses divider resistance dividing potential drop, and sampling and measuring often economizes on electricity a bottle high voltage, with applicable use low voltage li-ion cell protection special chip, and exports controls MOSFET and manages.
3. a kind of series-connected batteries overcharge over-discharge protection circuit according to claim 1, the power positive cathode of low-voltage li-ion cell protection special chip is connected in parallel on the two ends of divider resistance, the two ends of the divider resistance be namely connected with the positive pole of storage battery.
4. a kind of series-connected batteries overcharge over-discharge protection circuit according to claim 1; the charge and discharge protecting lead-out terminal of each low-voltage li-ion cell protection special chip is connected to realize high-voltage cascade with the charge and discharge control terminal of adjacent protection special chip by voltage stabilizing 2 pole pipe and controls; the stable voltage of voltage stabilizing 2 pole pipe equals battery voltage and subtracts lithium battery voltage, but is not limited thereto voltage.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201510653243.XA CN105429108A (en) | 2015-10-12 | 2015-10-12 | Overcharge and over-discharge protection circuit of series-connected lead acid battery pack |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201510653243.XA CN105429108A (en) | 2015-10-12 | 2015-10-12 | Overcharge and over-discharge protection circuit of series-connected lead acid battery pack |
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| CN105429108A true CN105429108A (en) | 2016-03-23 |
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| CN201510653243.XA Pending CN105429108A (en) | 2015-10-12 | 2015-10-12 | Overcharge and over-discharge protection circuit of series-connected lead acid battery pack |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111342506A (en) * | 2018-12-19 | 2020-06-26 | 苹果公司 | Charging technique for series connected batteries |
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| CN1967959A (en) * | 2006-09-01 | 2007-05-23 | 中国科技开发院芜湖分院 | Charge and discharge protecting module of lithium dynamical battery |
| CN201178321Y (en) * | 2008-01-02 | 2009-01-07 | 何岳明 | Charging and discharging protection circuit of multiple lithium batteries connected in series |
| CN201349126Y (en) * | 2008-09-23 | 2009-11-18 | 陈赖容 | Protective circuit board of lead-acid battery pack for electrically driven vehicle |
| CN202309039U (en) * | 2011-06-20 | 2012-07-04 | 黄仁柏 | Lithium-ion/lithium-polymer battery pack protection circuit |
| CN102684165A (en) * | 2011-03-07 | 2012-09-19 | 比亚迪股份有限公司 | Charge and discharge protection circuit for multi-section lithium battery |
| CN104201654A (en) * | 2014-09-10 | 2014-12-10 | 安徽朗越环境工程有限公司 | Battery pack balance protecting system and method |
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- 2015-10-12 CN CN201510653243.XA patent/CN105429108A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1967959A (en) * | 2006-09-01 | 2007-05-23 | 中国科技开发院芜湖分院 | Charge and discharge protecting module of lithium dynamical battery |
| CN201178321Y (en) * | 2008-01-02 | 2009-01-07 | 何岳明 | Charging and discharging protection circuit of multiple lithium batteries connected in series |
| CN201349126Y (en) * | 2008-09-23 | 2009-11-18 | 陈赖容 | Protective circuit board of lead-acid battery pack for electrically driven vehicle |
| CN102684165A (en) * | 2011-03-07 | 2012-09-19 | 比亚迪股份有限公司 | Charge and discharge protection circuit for multi-section lithium battery |
| CN202309039U (en) * | 2011-06-20 | 2012-07-04 | 黄仁柏 | Lithium-ion/lithium-polymer battery pack protection circuit |
| CN104201654A (en) * | 2014-09-10 | 2014-12-10 | 安徽朗越环境工程有限公司 | Battery pack balance protecting system and method |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111342506A (en) * | 2018-12-19 | 2020-06-26 | 苹果公司 | Charging technique for series connected batteries |
| CN111342506B (en) * | 2018-12-19 | 2023-12-05 | 苹果公司 | Charging technique for series-connected batteries |
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Application publication date: 20160323 |