CN105424174A - Centralized solar hot water monitoring system - Google Patents
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- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 73
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 15
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J1/00—Photometry, e.g. photographic exposure meter
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01K17/00—Measuring quantity of heat
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Abstract
The present invention discloses a centralized solar hot water monitoring system which comprises a solar hot water system, monitoring equipment, a data transmission system and data processing software. The solar hot water system is centralized and carries an auxiliary heat source. The monitoring equipment comprises a solar total radiation sensor, a first heat meter, a second heat meter, a third heat meter and an electric energy meter. The data transmission system comprises a data output device which is matched with the monitoring equipment, a data transmission line and a data receiving device. The data processing software carries out analytical calculation on the operation parameter according to a preset calculation rule and obtains a performance evaluation index. According to the monitoring system, the operation state of solar hot water can be displayed in real time, the evaluation indexes of guaranteed rate, heat collection efficiency, supplied hot water temperature and the like of the solar hot water system can be calculated, a system application effect is reflected, a manager can timely find and solve a problem and optimizes the system according to actual needs, and a comprehensive real-time sustainable solar hot water monitoring system is established.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to monitoring device and the technical field of solar water heating system, the monitoring system of the centralized solar water heating system of special design, carries out Monitoring and assessment for actual solar water heating system application project.
Background technology
China " 12 " regenerative resource Application in Building spreading objective is conscientiously improve the proportions of regenerative resource in energy for building such as sun power, superficial-layer geothermal energy, biomass energy, to the year two thousand twenty, realize regenerative resource and account for more than 15% of building energy consumption at building field consumption proportion.Sun power, as clean reproducible energy, utilizes its heating cold water to provide hot water load needed for people, can realize reducing building energy and consume object.China's solar energy resources is very abundant, and solar water heating system is used widely in the whole nation.In solar water heating system application process, the operation of solar water heating system being monitored and operational effect is evaluated, applying contributing to realizing solar water heating system more efficiently and further developing of advancing regenerative resource to apply.
In the process of construction of carrying out hot-water heating system monitoring and evaluation system, how to determine monitoring parameter, how monitoring equipment is installed and how evaluation system effect etc., although country has relevant standard to specify setting to system evaluation parameter and system Construction, do not provide according to the system form of reality the acquisition that detailed equipment installs and how better can realize monitoring and evaluation index.For General System for the measuring method of parameter in national standard, and in the application process of reality, due to system pipeline, form varied, for solar water heating system the measuring method of heat, system total energy consumption etc. should be arranged in conjunction with actual conditions.
And existing solar heat water monitoring system, merely disclose a kind of flow process principle of monitoring system, the details of monitoring system is not described, comprise main monitoring parameter etc., also Monitoring Data is not processed, the overall evaluation cannot be carried out to monitored solar water heating system.Disclosed system cannot meet the monitoring requirement of the solar water heating system of concrete form in Practical Project.The present invention is intended to for common in engineering, auxiliary thermal source, the centralized solar water heating system of band, determine its monitoring parameter, monitoring equipment and installation method, main performance index and evaluation, form the monitoring system construction method of set of system, for the construction of solar heat water monitoring system in Practical Project, there is directive significance.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is the application limitation for national standard and existing solar heat water monitoring system, a kind of centralized solar heat water monitoring system is provided.Have structure simple, easy to operate, measure accurately, Real-Time Monitoring, applicability are good, can make the overall evaluation to system effect, guidance system improves, improve operational efficiency and the management of water equality feature of solar water heating system.
Implementation procedure of the present invention is as follows: a kind of centralized solar heat water monitoring system, mainly comprises solar water heating system, monitoring equipment, data transmission system unify data processing software.
Described solar water heating system is centralized, and band auxiliary thermal source, the present invention is for heat pump.Described solar water heating system comprises solar thermal collector, solar energy hot water tank, Heat Pump water tank, auxiliary thermal source, total feed pipe, total return pipe and cold water pipe.Described solar thermal collector quantity is greater than 2.The concrete building method of described solar water heating system is with reference to " covil construction solar water heating system application technology specification " (GB50364-2005) and " covil construction solar heating system engineering technical manual ".
Described monitoring equipment comprises total solar radiation sensor, the first calorimeter, the second calorimeter), the 3rd calorimeter and electric energy meter.Described total solar radiation sensor main body is arranged on solar thermal collector, for monitoring solar irradiation.Described first calorimeter main body comprises first-class gauge, the first temperature sensor and the first integrating instrument, described main body is arranged on the outlet pipeline of heat collector outlet, supporting temperature sensor I be connected on the water inlet pipe of heat collector import, for monitor collecting system heat.Described second calorimeter main body comprises second gauge, the second integrating instrument and the second temperature sensor, and described main body is arranged on total feed pipe, and supporting temperature sensor II is connected on cold water pipe, for monitoring the temperature of total feed pipe, flow and heat.Described 3rd calorimeter main body comprises the 3rd flowmeter, the 3rd integrating instrument and three-temperature sensor, and described main body is arranged on total return pipe, and supporting temperature sensor III is connected on cold water pipe, for monitoring the temperature of total return pipe, flow and heat.Described electric energy meter is arranged on the current supply circuit of heat pump, for measuring the energy that auxiliary thermal source consumes.Above measuring instrument all has data communication function, by data transmission set by separately detected data upload to remote computer client.
Described data transmission system comprises the supporting data output device of monitoring equipment, data line and data sink; The supporting data output device of the supporting data output device of the supporting data output device of the supporting data output device of total solar radiation sensor, the first calorimeter, the second calorimeter, the 3rd calorimeter data output device supporting with electric energy meter is connected with the data input pin of data sink respectively by data line.
Described data processing software is positioned at remote computer client, and remote computer, by being connected with data sink data output end, receives the various data that monitoring equipment sends, and calculates the index for system performance evaluation in real time according to the calculation criterion preset.Described index comprises collecting system and obtains the alternative amount of heat, solar energy heating efficiency, solar insuring rate, supply water temperature and conventional energy resources, whether described data processing software meets the requirements according to designing requirement judgment part index (comprising solar energy heating efficiency, solar insuring rate and supply water temperature), when designing without when explicitly calling for, should judge by the requirement of table 1, table 2 and table 3 regulation.Institute's Monitoring Data and performance index display are used for interface the most at last, realize monitoring system real-time running state and carry out comprehensive evaluation to system effect.
The solar insuring rate f (%) of table 1 different regions Solar Energy Heat Utilization System
| Solar energy resources zoning | Solar water heating system | Solar heating system | Solar air-conditioner system |
| Resource is rich in district | f≥60 | f≥50 | f≥40 |
| Aboundresources district | f≥50 | f≥40 | f≥30 |
| The richer district of resource | f≥40 | f≥30 | f≥20 |
| The general district of resource | f≥30 | f≥20 | f≥10 |
The collecting efficiency η (%) of table 2 Solar Energy Heat Utilization System
| Solar water heating system | Solar heating system | Solar air-conditioner system |
| η≥42 | η≥35 | η≥30 |
The supply water temperature T of table 3 Solar Energy Heat Utilization System
g
| Solar water heating system supply water temperature (DEG C) | 45～60 |
The use procedure of described centralized solar heat water monitoring system:
1, the installation of monitoring equipment.At solar thermal collector intermediate altitude, be parallel to lighting surface and total solar radiation sensor is installed, when the lighting surface inclination angle difference (difference at inclination angle is greater than 10 °) of multiple heat collectors of a solar water heating system, then on the solar thermal collector being parallel to each lighting surface or inclination angle, all need installation 1 total solar radiation sensor.The main body of the first calorimeter comprises first-class gauge, the first temperature sensor and the first integrating instrument, and described main body is arranged on hot systems outlet pipeline, and supporting temperature sensor I taps into water pipe.The main body of the second calorimeter comprises second gauge, the second temperature sensor and the second integrating instrument, and described main body is arranged on total feed pipe, and supporting temperature sensor II connects cold water pipe.The main body of the 3rd calorimeter comprises the 3rd flowmeter, three-temperature sensor and the 3rd integrating instrument, and described main body is arranged on total return pipe, and supporting temperature sensor III is equally also connected on and connects on cold water pipe.Electric energy meter is arranged on the current supply circuit of heat pump.
2, each instrument arranged and carry out monitoring.After each measuring instrument installation, the initial parameter of each instrument is set and has debugged data-transformation facility.Monitoring can be started after all preliminary work completes.
3, data analysis calculates.Client software automatic reception Monitoring Data also calculates related performance indicators according to transfers between divisions, realizes Real-Time Monitoring and shows in real time.The calculation criterion of described performance index is as follows:
1) collecting system obtains heat Q
1
Collecting system obtains heat Q
1what be the first calorimeter measurement gained obtains calorie value, and unit is joule.
2) solar energy heating efficiency eta
Solar energy heating efficiency is under steady state conditions, a reactor, and the energy taken away from a specific heat collector area by heat-transfer working medium in the specific time interval and the same time interval are incident on the ratio of the sun power on this heat collector area.Heat Q can be obtained by collecting system in the same time period
1total solar radiation energy Q is obtained with heat collector
rratio calculation, that is:
η＝Q
1/Q
R＝Q
1/(H×A×cosθ)(1)
In formula 1, H for sun power pyranometer institute shoot the sun irradiation aggregate-value, A be effective daylighting area of heat collector, θ is the vertical line of heat collector lighting surface and the angle of sunray.
3) solar insuring rate f
Solar insuring rate refers to that the heat supplied by sun power in system is divided by system total load, and wherein system total load shows as the hot water heat that user consumes.
f＝Q
1/Q
4＝Q
1/(Q
2-Q
3)(2)
In formula 2, Q
1for collecting system obtains heat, Q
2for feed pipe heat i.e. the second calorimeter institute calorimetric amount, Q
3for return pipe heat i.e. the 3rd calorimeter institute calorimetric amount, Q
4for system total load.
4) supply water temperature T
g
Supply water temperature T
gbe the temperature sensor II measured value that the second calorimeter that total feed pipe is installed is supporting, unit is DEG C.
5) conventional energy resources substitutes amount Q
a
The conventional energy resources amount of substituting refers to that system obtains the difference of consumption of heat and system supplymentary power of heat source or fuel, heating agent.Then all change position standard coal equivalent in the system to calculate.
Q
A＝Q
1-Q
5(3)
In formula, Q
afor conventional energy resources substitutes amount, Q
1for system obtains heat, Q
5by electric energy meter is surveyed auxiliary thermal source energy-output ratio.
After the present invention adopts technique scheme, mainly contain following effect:
1, structure is simple, easy to operate.The main monitoring instrument number that the present invention adopts is few, mainly contains total solar radiation sensor, calorimeter and electric energy meter.The Structure and Process of whole system is very simple, and all work is completed automatically by software, eliminates the process of manual record data and calculating.
2, monitoring is accurate, precision is high.The calorimeter that the present invention adopts has the function of measuring tempeature, flow and heat simultaneously, compare the method for traditional measurement heat, namely testing temperature and flow carry out simple product again and calculate heat respectively, calorimeter inside is provided with integrating instrument, gather the signal from flow and temperature sensor, utilize integrating formula to calculate the heat of heat-exchange system acquisition, accuracy is good, and precision is high.
3, Real-Time Monitoring showing.The present invention can show Monitoring Data and computational analysis related performance indicators in real time.Managerial personnel easily can grasp the running status of solar water heating system and obtain the comprehensive evaluation of system, are convenient to again managerial personnel's Timeliness coverage problem simultaneously, and deal with problems according to actual conditions and be optimized.
The present invention can be widely used in the monitoring of centralized solar water heating system, for the design of monitoring system and structure provide method and guidance, contributes to improving solar water heating system operational efficiency and effect.Meanwhile, the present invention can record the ruuning situation of a large amount of solar water heating system, for solar water heating system design, construction and operation provides comprehensively, reliably, basic data accurately, promote the development of regenerative resource application further.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of embodiments of the invention;
Fig. 2 is the operational scheme schematic diagram of embodiments of the invention.
In figure: 1 is solar thermal collector, 2 is solar energy hot water tank, and 3 is Heat Pump water tank, 4 is auxiliary thermal source, and 5 is total feed pipe, and 6 is total return pipe, 7 is cold water pipe, and 8 is total solar radiation sensor, and 9 is the first calorimeter, 10 is the second calorimeter, 11 is the 3rd calorimeter, and 12 is electric energy meter, and 13 is data line, 14 is data sink, and 15 is data processing software.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the invention will be further described, but should not be construed the above-mentioned subject area of the present invention and be only limitted to following embodiment.Without departing from the idea case in the present invention described above, according to ordinary skill knowledge and customary means, make various replacement and change, all should be included in protection scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1:
As depicted in figs. 1 and 2, a kind of centralized solar heat water monitoring system, wherein solar water heating system, mainly comprises solar thermal collector 1, solar energy hot water tank 2, Heat Pump water tank 3, auxiliary thermal source 4, total feed pipe 5, total return pipe 6, cold water pipe 7.
Described monitoring system forms primarily of following apparatus equipment: total solar radiation sensor 8, is arranged on heat collector intermediate altitude and is parallel on lighting surface, for monitoring solar irradiation.The main body of the first calorimeter 9 is arranged on collecting system outlet pipeline, and supporting temperature sensor I is connected on water inlet pipe, for monitor collecting system heat.The main body of the second calorimeter 10 is arranged on feed pipe, and supporting temperature sensor II is connected on cold water pipe, for monitoring the temperature of water main, flow and heat.The main body of the 3rd calorimeter 11 is arranged on return main, and supporting temperature sensor III connects cold water pipe, for monitoring the temperature of return main, flow and heat.Electric energy meter 12 is arranged on the current supply circuit of heat pump, for measuring the energy that auxiliary thermal source consumes.Data detected are separately transferred to data sink 14 by data line 13 by above measuring instrument, then are uploaded to the data processing software 15 being positioned at remote computer client.
Software calculates the index of correlation for system performance evaluation in real time according to the calculation criterion preset automatically, described index comprises collecting system and obtains heat, solar energy heating efficiency, solar insuring rate, supply water temperature and conventional energy resources substitute amount, and require that judgment part index (comprises solar energy heating efficiency according to relevant design, solar insuring rate and supply water temperature) whether meet the requirements, as designed no requirement (NR), then should judge by requirement as follows: such as in the general district of solar energy resources, the solar insuring rate of solar water heating system should lower than 30%, system collecting efficiency should lower than 42%, supplying hot water temperature should between 45 ~ 60 DEG C.These Monitoring Data, performance index information display on a user interface, finally realize monitoring system real-time running state and system effect are carried out to the object of comprehensive evaluation the most at last.When managerial personnel find that index parameter is abnormal, in conjunction with on-site actual situations system running state analyzed immediately and study corresponding innovative approach.
When the solar insuring rate of solar water heating system is 35%, system collecting efficiency is 48%, when supply water temperature is 35 DEG C, when supply water temperature is undesirable, analyzing its reason may be that the too low or water tank heat preserving performance of default supply water temperature goes wrong, managerial personnel can check system design temperature whether wrong or whether inspection water tank heat preserving performance normal and take corresponding measure, finally make the every operational factor of system and index be in normal range, improve running efficiency of system and effect.
Embodiment 2:
As depicted in figs. 1 and 2, a kind of centralized solar heat water monitoring system, wherein solar water heating system, mainly comprises solar thermal collector 1, solar energy hot water tank 2, Heat Pump water tank 3, auxiliary thermal source 4, total feed pipe 5, total return pipe 6, cold water pipe 7.
Described monitoring system forms primarily of following apparatus equipment: total solar radiation sensor 8, is arranged on heat collector intermediate altitude and is parallel on lighting surface, for monitoring solar irradiation.The main body of the first calorimeter 9 is arranged on collecting system outlet pipeline, and supporting temperature sensor I is connected on water inlet pipe, for monitor collecting system heat.The main body of the second calorimeter 10 is arranged on feed pipe, and supporting temperature sensor II is connected on cold water pipe, for monitoring the temperature of water main, flow and heat.The main body of the 3rd calorimeter 11 is arranged on return main, and supporting temperature sensor III connects cold water pipe, for monitoring the temperature of return main, flow and heat.Electric energy meter 12 is arranged on the current supply circuit of heat pump, for measuring the energy that auxiliary thermal source consumes.Data detected are separately transferred to data sink 14 by data line 13 by above measuring instrument, then are uploaded to the data processing software 15 being positioned at remote computer client.
Software calculates the index of correlation for system performance evaluation in real time according to the calculation criterion preset automatically, described index comprises collecting system and obtains the alternative amount of heat, solar energy heating efficiency, solar insuring rate, supply water temperature and conventional energy resources, and require to judge whether these indexs meet the requirements according to relevant design, as designed no requirement (NR), then should judge by requirement as follows: such as enrich district at solar energy resources, the solar insuring rate of solar water heating system not should lower than 50%, system collecting efficiency not should lower than 42%, supplying hot water temperature should between 45 ~ 60 DEG C.These Monitoring Data, performance index information display on a user interface, finally realize monitoring system real-time running state and system effect are carried out to the object of comprehensive evaluation the most at last.When managerial personnel find that index parameter is abnormal, in conjunction with on-site actual situations system running state analyzed immediately and study corresponding innovative approach.
When enriching district at solar energy resources, when weather is good, the solar insuring rate of solar water heating system is 45%, system collecting efficiency is 35%, supplying hot water temperature is 58 DEG C, solar insuring rate and system collecting efficiency all undesirable time, analyzing its reason may be that solar thermal collector goes wrong, managerial personnel check solar thermal collector, as occurred, the situations such as breakage are keeped in repair immediately or change, finally make the every operational factor of system and index be in normal range, improve running efficiency of system and effect.
Claims (2)
1. a centralized solar heat water monitoring system, is characterized in that, comprises solar water heating system, monitoring equipment, data transmission system unify data processing software (15);
Described solar water heating system is centralized, band auxiliary thermal source, comprises solar thermal collector (1), solar energy hot water tank (2), Heat Pump water tank (3), auxiliary thermal source (4), total feed pipe (5), total return pipe (6) and cold water pipe (7); Described solar thermal collector (1) quantity is greater than 2; The building method of described solar water heating system is with reference to " covil construction solar water heating system application technology specification " and " covil construction solar heating system engineering technical manual ";
Described monitoring equipment comprises total solar radiation sensor (8), the first calorimeter (9), the second calorimeter (10), the 3rd calorimeter (11) and electric energy meter (12); Described total solar radiation sensor (8) is arranged on solar thermal collector (1), monitoring solar irradiation; Described first calorimeter (9) main body comprises first-class gauge, the first temperature sensor and the first integrating instrument, described main body is arranged on collecting system outlet pipeline, supporting temperature sensor I be connected on water inlet pipe, monitoring collecting system heat; Described second calorimeter (10) main body comprises second gauge, the second temperature sensor and the second integrating instrument, described main body is arranged on total feed pipe (5), supporting temperature sensor II be connected on cold water pipe, monitor the temperature of total feed pipe (5), flow and heat; Described 3rd calorimeter (11) main body comprises the 3rd flowmeter, three-temperature sensor and the 3rd integrating instrument, described main body is arranged on total return pipe (6), supporting temperature sensor III be connected on cold water pipe, monitor the temperature of total return pipe (6), flow and heat; Described electric energy meter (12) is arranged on the current supply circuit of heat pump, measures the energy that auxiliary thermal source (4) consumes;
Described monitoring equipment instrument all has data communication facility, by data transmission set by separately detected data upload to remote computer client; Described data transmission set comprises radio data-transmission equipment and wired data transfer equipment;
Described data transmission system comprises the supporting data output device of monitoring equipment, data line (13) and data sink (14); The supporting data output device of the supporting data output device of the supporting data output device of the supporting data output device of total solar radiation sensor (8), the first calorimeter (9), the second calorimeter (10), the 3rd calorimeter (11) data output device supporting with electric energy meter (12) is connected respectively by the data input pin of data line with data sink (14);
Described data processing software (15) is positioned at remote computer client, remote computer is by being connected with data sink (14) data output end, receive the various data that monitoring equipment sends, calculate the index for system performance evaluation in real time according to the calculation criterion preset; Described index comprises collecting system and obtains the alternative amount of heat, solar energy heating efficiency, solar insuring rate, supply water temperature and conventional energy resources;
According to designing requirement, described data processing software (15) judges whether described part index number meets the requirements, the information displaying such as detected data and performance index is used for interface the most at last, realizes monitoring system real-time running state and carries out comprehensive evaluation to system effect.
2. the centralized solar heat water monitoring system of one according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in described data processing software (15) acquisition of indices and the calculation criterion of data as follows;
1) collecting system obtains heat Q
1;
Described collecting system obtains heat Q
1what be the first calorimeter (9) measurement gained obtains calorie value, and unit is J;
2) solar energy heating efficiency eta;
Heat Q is obtained by collecting system in the same time period
1with solar thermal collector (1) obtain total solar radiation energy Q
rratio calculation;
η＝Q
1/Q
R＝Q
1/(H×A×cosθ)(1)
In formula 1, H is solar irradiation semi-invariant measured by sun power pyranometer, and A is effective daylighting area of heat collector, and θ is the vertical line of heat collector lighting surface and the angle of sunray;
3) solar insuring rate f;
Solar insuring rate refers to the heat and system total load ratio that are supplied by sun power in system, and wherein system total load shows as the hot water heat that user consumes;
f＝Q
1/Q
4＝Q
1/(Q
2-Q
3)(2)
In formula 2, Q
1for collecting system obtains heat, Q
2for feed pipe heat i.e. the second calorimeter (10) institute calorimetric amount, Q
3for return pipe heat i.e. the 3rd calorimeter (11) institute calorimetric amount, Q
4system total load;
4) supply water temperature T
g;
Supply water temperature T
gbe the temperature sensor II measured value of the second calorimeter (10) that total feed pipe is installed, unit is DEG C;
5) conventional energy resources substitutes amount Q
a;
The conventional energy resources amount of substituting refers to that system obtains the difference of consumption of heat and system supplymentary power of heat source or fuel, heating agent; Then all be converted to standard coal equivalent in the system to calculate;
Q
A＝Q
1-Q
5(3)
In formula 3, Q
afor conventional energy resources substitutes amount, Q
1for system obtains heat, Q
5by electric energy meter is surveyed auxiliary thermal source energy-output ratio.
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106288423A (en) * | 2016-07-22 | 2017-01-04 | 江苏富源智慧能源股份有限公司 | A kind of solar heat pump water system based on Internet of Things energy optimal control |
| CN106288424A (en) * | 2016-07-22 | 2017-01-04 | 江苏富源节能电器有限公司 | A kind of with remotely monitoring and the solar water heating system of energy metering function |
| CN108007704A (en) * | 2017-11-27 | 2018-05-08 | 中国市政工程华北设计研究总院有限公司 | Provide multiple forms of energy to complement each other heating system performance test methods and the used test device of a kind of regenerative resource-combustion gas alliance |
| CN113218092A (en) * | 2021-05-11 | 2021-08-06 | 沈阳建筑大学 | Solar heat collector coupling system operation method based on temperature prediction |
| CN113739968A (en) * | 2021-08-20 | 2021-12-03 | 山东建筑大学 | Solar hot water heating test system and heating efficiency test method |
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| CN106288424A (en) * | 2016-07-22 | 2017-01-04 | 江苏富源节能电器有限公司 | A kind of with remotely monitoring and the solar water heating system of energy metering function |
| CN108007704A (en) * | 2017-11-27 | 2018-05-08 | 中国市政工程华北设计研究总院有限公司 | Provide multiple forms of energy to complement each other heating system performance test methods and the used test device of a kind of regenerative resource-combustion gas alliance |
| CN108007704B (en) * | 2017-11-27 | 2023-12-22 | 中国市政工程华北设计研究总院有限公司 | Performance test method and device for renewable energy-fuel gas combined multi-energy complementary heating system |
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| CN113739968A (en) * | 2021-08-20 | 2021-12-03 | 山东建筑大学 | Solar hot water heating test system and heating efficiency test method |
| CN113739968B (en) * | 2021-08-20 | 2023-12-22 | 山东建筑大学 | Solar hot water heating test system and heating efficiency test method |
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