CN105423902A - Transversely-distributed six sensitive grid full-bridge metal strain gauge capable of measuring two-side offset sensitive grid center lateral partial derivative - Google Patents
Transversely-distributed six sensitive grid full-bridge metal strain gauge capable of measuring two-side offset sensitive grid center lateral partial derivative Download PDFInfo
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- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
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- G01B7/16—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. by resistance strain gauge
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Abstract
The invention provides a transversely-distributed six sensitive grid full-bridge metal strain gauge capable of measuring two-side offset sensitive grid center lateral partial derivatives. The transversely-distributed six sensitive grid full-bridge metal strain gauge comprises a substrate and six sensitive grids fixed on the substrate, wherein both ends of each sensitive grid are each connected with a pin, the six sensitive grids are fixed on the substrate, each sensitive grid comprises sensitive sections and transition sections, and axes of all the sensitive sections are in the shape of coplanar parallel straight lines; a direction along the direction of the axes of the sensitive sections in the plane is the axial direction, and a direction vertical to the axial direction is the transverse direction; centers of the six sensitive grids have no deviation in the axial direction and have deviation in the transverse direction; the six sensitive grids are respectively called an upper third sensitive grid, an upper first sensitive grid, a middle upper sensitive grid, a middle lower sensitive grid, a lower first sensitive grid and a lower third sensitive grid from the top to the bottom along the transverse direction according to the sequence of central positions of the sensitive grids; and total resistance variation values of the sensitive sections of the six sensitive grids under the same strain are shown as 3:1:4:4:1:3. The transversely-distributed six sensitive grid full-bridge metal strain gauge can simultaneously detect lateral first-order partial derivatives at the centers of the upper third sensitive grid and the lower third sensitive grid.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to sensor field, especially a kind of metal strain plate.
Background technology
The principle of work of metal resistance strain gauge is resistance strain effect, and namely tinsel is when being subject to effects of strain, and its resistance, along with the size of occurred mechanically deform (stretching or compression), corresponding change occurs.The theoretical formula of resistance strain effect is as follows:
Wherein R is its resistance value, and ρ is metal material resistivity, and L is metal material length, and S is metal material sectional area.Tinsel occurs in the process of mechanically deform bearing strain, and ρ, L, S will change, thus will inevitably cause the change of metal material resistance value.When metal material is stretched, length increases, and sectional area reduces, and resistance value increases; When by compression, length reduces, and sectional area increases, and resistance value reduces.Therefore, as long as the change of resistance value can be measured, just known strained situation wiry.Metal material resistance change rate formula can be derived by relevant knowledges such as formula (1) and the mechanics of materials
Wherein Δ R is resistance variation amount, and Δ L is the variable quantity of metal material length on pulling force or pressure action direction, and ε is that the strain on same direction is usually called axial strain, and K is metal material ga(u)ge factor.
In actual applications, metal resistance strain gauge is pasted onto the surface of Sensor Elastic Element or tested mechanical component.When the flexible member in sensor or tested mechanical component produce strain by acting force, also there is identical mechanically deform in the foil gauge pasted thereon thereupon, causes foil gauge resistance that corresponding change occurs.At this moment, mechanical quantity is just converted to the variable quantity output of resistance by resistance strain gage.
But we also need the partial derivative understanding workpiece strain sometimes, such as have six kinds of occasions below, but are not limited thereto six, need to use surface of the work strain partial derivative:
The first, concentrate owing to there will be strain near workpiece shapes sudden change place, often become workpiece and first occur damaging part, the strain partial derivative near sudden change place of monitoring shape, this place strain intensity can be obtained intuitively.
Second, exist in a large number by comer pieces in building, bridge, plant equipment, mechanics of materials relevant knowledge tells us, bent beam surface axial strain is directly proportional to section turn moment, the axial first-order partial derivative of section turn moment is directly proportional to cross section shearing strain, namely can know cross section shearing strain by the axial first-order partial derivative of surperficial axial strain, and this shearing strain directly cannot measure at surface of the work with foil gauge;
3rd, during applied elasticity research workpiece strain, internal strain is decided by partial differential equation, and equation solution needs boundary condition, and surface of the work strain partial derivative is exactly one of boundary condition, and this is that general foil gauge cannot provide.
In addition, to some position of workpiece, the such as position such as the shaft shoulder, part edge place, due to the sudden change of geomery, it strains the change that often corresponding existence is larger.But, just due to the sudden change of geomery, make the foil gauge that the more difficult arrangement in this place is general, need the product of a kind of energy inclined marginal position of monitor strain sheet instead of center position strain local derviation.
Summary of the invention
The deficiency of strain local derviation cannot be detected in order to overcome existing metal strain plate, the invention provides and a kind ofly can be biased the cross direction profiles six sensitive grid full-bridge metal strain plate of sensitive grid central cross local derviation by the monitor strain bilateral measured that more effectively can detect the horizontal local derviation of surface strain, particularly there is the horizontal single order local derviation of size restriction site at measuring workpieces corner, edge etc. to foil gauge.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is:
A kind ofly measure the cross direction profiles six sensitive grid full-bridge metal strain plate that bilateral is biased sensitive grid central cross local derviation, comprise substrate, described metal strain plate also comprises six sensitive grids, and the two ends of each sensitive grid connect a pin respectively, described substrate is fixed described six sensitive grids;
Each sensitive grid comprises sensitive segment and transition section, the two ends of described sensitive segment are transition section, described sensitive segment is elongated strip shaped, described transition section is tubbiness shape, the resistance of described sensitive segment is much larger than the resistance of described transition section, under same strain state, the increased resistance value of described sensitive segment is much larger than the increased resistance value of described transition section, and the increased resistance value of described transition section is close to 0;
All xsect centres of form of each sensitive segment form sensitive segment axis, this sensitive segment axis is straight line section, in described six sensitive grids each sensitive segment axis being parallel and be arranged in same plane, sensitive segment axis is determined in plane, along described sensitive segment axis direction namely axially, be laterally with axially vertical direction; Each sensitive segment exists the xsect that its both sides resistance value is equal, get this cross-section centroid position and with this sensitive segment resistance value for nominal mass is formed the nominal particle of place sensitive segment, the centroid position that the nominal particle of each sensitive segment is formed jointly is the center of sensitive grid;
Six sensitive grid center bias frees in the axial direction, have deviation in the horizontal; The order of sensitive grid center pressed by six sensitive grids, be transversely followed successively by from top to bottom three sensitive grids, a upper sensitive grid, in upper sensitive grid, in lower sensitive grid, next sensitive grid and lower three sensitive grids; Upper three sensitive grid centers with in the spacing at upper sensitive grid center be Δ y
1, in the spacing at upper sensitive grid center and next sensitive grid center be also Δ y
1; A upper sensitive grid center with in the spacing at lower sensitive grid center be Δ y
1, in the spacing at lower sensitive grid center and lower three sensitive grid centers be also Δ y
1; The distance at upper three sensitive grid centers and a upper sensitive grid center is Δ y
2, in upper sensitive grid center with in the distance at lower sensitive grid center be Δ y
2, the spacing at next sensitive grid center and lower three sensitive grid centers is Δ y
2;
Upper three sensitive grids, a upper sensitive grid, in upper sensitive grid, in the sensitive segment all-in resistance of lower sensitive grid, next sensitive grid and lower three sensitive grids be the proportionate relationship of 3:1:4:4:1:3, upper three sensitive grids, a upper sensitive grid, in upper sensitive grid, under sensitive grid, next sensitive grid and the all-in resistance changing value of sensitive segment sensitive segment under identical strain of three sensitive grids down be also the proportionate relationship of 3:1:4:4:1:3.
Accordingly, connect upper three sensitive grids and next sensitive grid, in upper sensitive grid, the upper sensitive grid of series connection and down three sensitive grids, under sensitive grid just in time form four brachium pontis of measuring bridge.
Further, all shape of cross section consistent size of each sensitive segment, get each sensitive segment axis point midway and with this sensitive segment resistance value for nominal mass is formed the nominal particle of place sensitive segment, described upper five sensitive grids, upper three sensitive grids, in upper sensitive grid, in the sensitive segment total length of lower sensitive grid, lower three sensitive grids and lower five sensitive grids be the proportionate relationship of 5:3:8:8:3:5.The program is a kind of scheme that can select, as long as the position of nominal particle meets the equal xsect position of form center of its both sides resistance value, also can be other positions.
Further, each sensitive segment axis is determined in plane, and upper three sensitive grids and a upper sensitive grid are interdigital layout, in upper sensitive grid and in lower sensitive grid be interdigital layout, next sensitive grid and lower three sensitive grids are interdigital layout, and without other interdigital deployment scenarios; Certainly, upper three sensitive grids and a upper sensitive grid also can be non-interdigital layout, in upper sensitive grid and in lower sensitive grid also can be non-interdigital layout, next sensitive grid and lower three sensitive grids also can be non-interdigital layout, described interdigital layout refers to: each sensitive segment axis institute of two sensitive grids in the plane, in the sensitive segment distribution straggly with two sensitive grids on sensitive segment axes normal direction, the order occur respectively the sensitive segment of two sensitive grids in the direction in which and number of times do not limit.
Further again, the upper limb of the pin of upper three sensitive grids and the lateral separation of upper three sensitive grid the top sensitive segments is very little or even pin upper limb is positioned at the below of three sensitive grid the top sensitive segments, and the lower edge of two pins of lower three sensitive grids with the lateral separation of lower three sensitive grid bottom sensitive segments very little or even pin lower edge be positioned at the top of time three sensitive grid bottom sensitive segments.Object reduces upper three sensitive grid centers to the distance of foil gauge upper edge and lower three sensitive grid centers to the distance of foil gauge lower edge.
Utilize the linear relationship between metal material increased resistance value and strain, this foil gauge may be used for monitor strain as common foil gauge.On the other hand, according to (" numerical computation method " 21 pages (1.4.11)-(1.4.14) formula as Yi Fengkang etc. compiles, National Defense Industry Press publishes in Dec, 1978 makes equidistant interpolation analysis) in numerical differentiation theory about the circular of single order local derviation, the numerical computation method of the y direction first-order partial derivative of f (x, y) is as follows:
Wherein y
1=y
0+ h, y
2=y
1+ h, paying special attention to above formula is (x, y
2) the first-order partial derivative value formula of position, the truncation error of this formula is less is o (h
2) be the higher order indefinite small of step-length square.By the strain that formula (2) engineering be it is generally acknowledged sensitive grid resistance change direct ratio and sensitive grid center, in conjunction with the proportionate relationship of each sensitive grid resistance and the resistance change under same strain, the resistance of upper three sensitive grids and next sensitive grid and the resistance value of upper sensitive grid in deducting, again except the distance at above three sensitive grid centers and next sensitive grid center is the horizontal single order numerical value local derviation strained, according to numerical differentiation theory, this is the horizontal single order numerical value local derviation of upper three sensitive grid centers, and this is not in the middle part of foil gauge but the horizontal single order local derviation in portion on the upper side; Equally, the resistance value of lower sensitive grid in descending the resistance of three sensitive grids and a upper sensitive grid and deducting, again except the distance at following three sensitive grid centers and a upper sensitive grid center is the horizontal single order numerical value local derviation strained, the horizontal single order numerical value local derviation of lower three sensitive grid centers according to theoretical this of numerical differentiation, neither in the middle part of foil gauge but the horizontal single order local derviation in portion on the lower side.Therefore the advantage of this foil gauge is that its upper and lower both sides all can limit the horizontal single order local derviation at the position that cannot measure due to size by the general foil gauge such as measuring workpieces corner, edge.
Technique should be noted keep three sensitive grids, on a sensitive grid, on sensitive grid, in lower sensitive grid, next sensitive grid and lower three sensitive grid transition section all-in resistances and the variable quantity of transition section resistance under external strain be that the proportionate relationship of 3:1:4:4:1:3 is to heighten measuring accuracy, if the resistance of transition section and the lower resistance change of strain be can not ignore, also can be eliminated when detecting as systematic error.
Further, described metal strain plate also comprises cover plate, and described cover plate is covered in described sensitive grid and substrate.
Further again, described sensitive grid is wire form, foil, diaphragm type or thick-film type sensitive grid.
Further, described substrate is glued membrane substrate, glass fabric substrates, asbestos substrate, metallic substrates or temporary substrate.
Described six sensitive grid upper, middle and lower are arranged in substrate.Certainly, also can be other arrangement.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is mainly manifested in: all can there be the horizontal single order local derviation of size restriction site the upper and lower both sides that foil gauge effectively can detect surface strain transverse direction the single order local derviation, particularly foil gauge of upper three sensitive grid centers and lower three Liang Ge positions, sensitive grid center simultaneously in measuring workpieces corner, edge etc. to foil gauge.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 can measure the schematic diagram that bilateral is biased the cross direction profiles six sensitive grid full-bridge metal strain plate of sensitive grid central cross local derviation.
Fig. 2 can measure the cross direction profiles six sensitive grid full-bridge metal strain plate vertical view that bilateral is biased sensitive grid central cross local derviation.
Fig. 3 is measuring bridge schematic diagram.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the invention will be further described.
With reference to Fig. 1 ~ Fig. 3, a kind ofly measure the cross direction profiles six sensitive grid full-bridge metal strain plate that bilateral is biased sensitive grid central cross local derviation, comprise substrate, described metal strain plate also comprises six sensitive grids, the two ends of each sensitive grid connect a pin respectively, described substrate are fixed described six sensitive grids;
Each sensitive grid comprises sensitive segment and transition section, the two ends of described sensitive segment are transition section, described sensitive segment is elongated strip shaped, described transition section is tubbiness shape, the resistance of described sensitive segment is much larger than the resistance of described transition section, under same strain state, the increased resistance value of described sensitive segment is much larger than the increased resistance value of described transition section, and the increased resistance value of described transition section is close to 0;
All xsect centres of form of each sensitive segment form sensitive segment axis, this sensitive segment axis is straight line section, in described six sensitive grids each sensitive segment axis being parallel and be arranged in same plane, sensitive segment axis is determined in plane, along described sensitive segment axis direction namely axially, be laterally with axially vertical direction; Each sensitive segment exists the xsect that its both sides resistance value is equal, get this cross-section centroid position and with this sensitive segment resistance value for nominal mass is formed the nominal particle of place sensitive segment, the centroid position that the nominal particle of each sensitive segment is formed jointly is the center of sensitive grid;
Six sensitive grid center bias frees in the axial direction, have deviation in the horizontal; The order of sensitive grid center pressed by six sensitive grids, be transversely followed successively by from top to bottom three sensitive grids, a upper sensitive grid, in upper sensitive grid, in lower sensitive grid, next sensitive grid and lower three sensitive grids; Upper three sensitive grid centers with in the spacing at upper sensitive grid center be Δ y
1, in the spacing at upper sensitive grid center and next sensitive grid center be also Δ y
1; A upper sensitive grid center with in the spacing at lower sensitive grid center be Δ y
1, in the spacing at lower sensitive grid center and lower three sensitive grid centers be also Δ y
1; The distance at upper three sensitive grid centers and a upper sensitive grid center is Δ y
2, in upper sensitive grid center with in the distance at lower sensitive grid center be Δ y
2, the spacing at next sensitive grid center and lower three sensitive grid centers is Δ y
2;
Upper three sensitive grids, a upper sensitive grid, in upper sensitive grid, in the sensitive segment all-in resistance of lower sensitive grid, next sensitive grid and lower three sensitive grids be the proportionate relationship of 3:1:4:4:1:3, upper three sensitive grids, a upper sensitive grid, in upper sensitive grid, under sensitive grid, next sensitive grid and the all-in resistance changing value of sensitive segment sensitive segment under identical strain of three sensitive grids down be also the proportionate relationship of 3:1:4:4:1:3.
Accordingly, connect upper three sensitive grids and next sensitive grid, in upper sensitive grid, the upper sensitive grid of series connection and down three sensitive grids, under sensitive grid just in time form four brachium pontis of measuring bridge.
Further, all shape of cross section consistent size of each sensitive segment, get each sensitive segment axis point midway and with this sensitive segment resistance value for nominal mass is formed the nominal particle of place sensitive segment, described upper five sensitive grids, upper three sensitive grids, in upper sensitive grid, in the sensitive segment total length of lower sensitive grid, lower three sensitive grids and lower five sensitive grids be the proportionate relationship of 5:3:8:8:3:5.The program is a kind of scheme that can select, as long as the position of nominal particle meets the equal xsect position of form center of its both sides resistance value, also can be other positions.
Further, each sensitive segment axis is determined in plane, and upper three sensitive grids and a upper sensitive grid are interdigital layout, in upper sensitive grid and in lower sensitive grid be interdigital layout, next sensitive grid and lower three sensitive grids are interdigital layout, and without other interdigital deployment scenarios; Certainly, upper three sensitive grids and a upper sensitive grid also can be non-interdigital layout, in upper sensitive grid and in lower sensitive grid also can be non-interdigital layout, next sensitive grid and lower three sensitive grids also can be non-interdigital layout, described interdigital layout refers to: each sensitive segment axis institute of two sensitive grids in the plane, in the sensitive segment distribution straggly with two sensitive grids on sensitive segment axes normal direction, the order occur respectively the sensitive segment of two sensitive grids in the direction in which and number of times do not limit.
Further again, the upper limb of the pin of upper three sensitive grids and the lateral separation of upper three sensitive grid the top sensitive segments is very little or even pin upper limb is positioned at the below of three sensitive grid the top sensitive segments, and the lower edge of two pins of lower three sensitive grids and the lateral separation of lower three sensitive grid bottom sensitive segments is very little or even pin lower edge is positioned at lower three sensitive grid bottom sensitive segments top, object reduces upper three sensitive grid centers to the distance of foil gauge upper edge and time three sensitive grid centers to the distance of foil gauge lower edge.
The bilateral measured of the present embodiment is biased the cross direction profiles six sensitive grid full-bridge metal strain plate of sensitive grid central cross local derviation, comprise substrate 1, described metal strain plate also comprises six sensitive grids, the two ends of each sensitive grid connect a pin respectively, described substrate 1 are fixed described six sensitive grids.
Can fix on substrate 1 three sensitive grids 2, a upper sensitive grid 3, in upper sensitive grid 4, in lower sensitive grid 5, next sensitive grid 6 and lower three sensitive grids 7, for keep each sensitive grid fixing shape, position and size; Substrate 1 is very thin, thus the strain of surface of test piece is delivered to exactly upper three sensitive grids 2, a upper sensitive grid 3, in upper sensitive grid 4, in lower sensitive grid 5, next sensitive grid 6 and lower three sensitive grids 7.Substrate 1 can be glued membrane substrate, glass fabric substrates, asbestos substrate, metallic substrates and temporary substrate.Usually with cohering, weld, substrate is fixed on the tested position of test block by the mode such as ceramic spraying.Substrate 1 also can be printed on the lines that some are located for foil gauge.
The materials such as cover plate paper using or glue are made, be covered in three sensitive grids 2, a upper sensitive grid 3, in upper sensitive grid 4, in lower sensitive grid 5, next sensitive grid 6, in lower three sensitive grids 7 and substrate 1, play the protective seam that protection against the tide, corrosion protection, loss prevention etc. act on.
Pin 8 is for connecting sensitive grid and metering circuit, upper three sensitive grids 2, a upper sensitive grid 3, in upper sensitive grid 4, in lower sensitive grid 5, next sensitive grid 6 and lower three sensitive grids 7 respectively have two pins 8, to with foil and membrane type foil gauge, upper three sensitive grids 2 that pin 8 is connected with it, a upper sensitive grid 3, in upper sensitive grid 4, in lower sensitive grid 5, next sensitive grid 6 and lower three sensitive grids 7 combine as a whole.Two pins of upper three sensitive grids 2 are 8-1 and 8-2, two pins of a upper sensitive grid 3 are 8-3 and 8-4, in two pins of upper sensitive grid 4 be 8-5 and 8-6, in two pins of lower sensitive grid 5 be 8-7 and 8-8, two pins of next sensitive grid 6 are 8-9 and 8-10, and two pins of lower three sensitive grids 7 are 8-11 and 8-12.The upper limb of pin 8-1 and 8-2 and the lateral separation of upper three sensitive grid 2 the top sensitive segments is very little or even pin upper limb is positioned at the below of three sensitive grid 2 the top sensitive segments; The lower edge of pin 8-11 and 8-12 and the lateral separation of lower three sensitive grid 7 bottom sensitive segments is very little or even pin lower edge is positioned at the top of lower sensitive grid 7 bottom sensitive segment, object to reduce under upper three sensitive grid 2 centers to the Distance geometry of foil gauge upper edge three sensitive grid 7 centers to the distance of foil gauge lower edge.
Upper three sensitive grids 2, a upper sensitive grid 3, in upper sensitive grid 4, in lower sensitive grid 5, next sensitive grid 6 and lower three sensitive grids 7 according to the difference of its metal sensitive material and processing technology, can be wire form, foil, diaphragm type, thick-film type.No matter which kind of upper three sensitive grid 2, a upper sensitive grid 3, in upper sensitive grid 4, in the thickness of lower sensitive grid 5, next sensitive grid 6 and lower three sensitive grids 7 all very little, make three sensitive grids 2, a upper sensitive grid 3, in upper sensitive grid 4, under the axial length of sensitive grid 5, next sensitive grid 6 and three sensitive grids 7 down with it depend on the deformation of workpiece and change.The basic crucial part of the present invention be three sensitive grids 2, a upper sensitive grid 3, in upper sensitive grid 4, in lower sensitive grid 5, cooperation between next sensitive grid 6 and lower three sensitive grids 7, have following main points:
The first, six sensitive grids are arranged in substrate, be called three sensitive grids 2, a upper sensitive grid 3, in upper sensitive grid 4, under sensitive grid 5, next sensitive grid 6 and time three sensitive grids 7.
The second, upper three sensitive grids 2, a upper sensitive grid 3, in upper sensitive grid 4, in lower sensitive grid 5, next sensitive grid 6 and lower three sensitive grids 7 all can be divided into sensitive segment 9 and transition section 10, each sensitive segment 9 is connected to form sensitive grid by each transition section 10.Comparatively speaking, sensitive segment 9 is in elongated shape, and resistance is comparatively large and its resistance is comparatively responsive to strain; Described transition section 10, substantially in tubbiness shape, makes the resistance of described transition section very little and insensitive to strain, and under duty, resistance variations is close to 0, and therefore the summation of sensitive segment resistance is the all-in resistance of single sensitive grid substantially.Fig. 2 has marked sensitive segment 9 and transition section 10 in more detail from angle more clearly.
3rd, the sensitive segment of each sensitive grid 9 is in elongated strip, and all xsect centres of form of each sensitive segment 9 form sensitive segment axis, and this sensitive segment 9 axis is straight line section, the axis being parallel of each sensitive segment 9 and be arranged in same plane.All xsects of each sensitive segment 9 are consistent along the projection of shape of sensitive segment axis direction.Get the axis point midway of each sensitive segment and with this sensitive segment resistance value for nominal mass is formed the nominal particle of place sensitive segment, the centroid position that the nominal particle of each sensitive segment is formed jointly is the center of sensitive grid.
4th, upper three sensitive grids 2, a upper sensitive grid 3, in upper sensitive grid 4, in lower sensitive grid 5, sensitive segment 9 total length of next sensitive grid 6 and lower three sensitive grids 7 is the proportionate relationship of 3:1:4:4:1:3, upper three sensitive grids 2, a upper sensitive grid 3, in upper sensitive grid 4, in lower sensitive grid 5, sensitive segment 9 all-in resistance of next sensitive grid 6 and lower three sensitive grids 7 is the proportionate relationship of 3:1:4:4:1:3, upper three sensitive grids 2, a upper sensitive grid 3, in upper sensitive grid 4, in lower sensitive grid 5, next sensitive grid 6 and the all-in resistance changing value of sensitive segment 9 sensitive segment under identical strain of lower three sensitive grids 7 are also the proportionate relationship of 3:1:4:4:1:3.Accordingly, upper three sensitive grids 2 of series connection and next sensitive grid 6, in upper sensitive grid 4, the upper sensitive grid 3 of series connection and down three sensitive grids 7, under sensitive grid 5 just in time form four brachium pontis of measuring bridge.
5th, overlook three sensitive grids 2, a upper sensitive grid 3, in upper sensitive grid 4, in lower sensitive grid 5, next sensitive grid 6 and lower three sensitive grids 7, they all have axis of symmetry and axis of symmetry overlaps (y-axis in Fig. 2), upper three sensitive grids 2, a upper sensitive grid 3, in upper sensitive grid 4, in lower sensitive grid 5, next sensitive grid 6 sensitive segment 9 respective with lower three sensitive grids 7 all vertical with this axis of symmetry, and the sensitive segment 9 of each sensitive grid all distributes about this rotational symmetry.Therefore, can say three sensitive grids 2, a upper sensitive grid 3, in upper sensitive grid 4, in lower sensitive grid 5, next sensitive grid 6 and lower three sensitive grid 7 centers all in y-axis, there is deviation in the horizontal in their center bias free in the axial direction.According to the vertical view of foil gauge in Fig. 2, the sensitive segment 9 of upper three sensitive grids 2 has axial axis of symmetry x
u3, the center of upper three sensitive grids 2 is at y-axis and x
u3the intersection point of axle, the sensitive segment 9 of a upper sensitive grid 3 has axial axis of symmetry x
u1, the center of a upper sensitive grid 3 is at y-axis and x
u1the intersection point of axle, in the sensitive segment 9 of upper sensitive grid 4 have axial axis of symmetry x
mU, in the center of upper sensitive grid 4 at y-axis and x
mUthe intersection point of axle, in the sensitive segment 9 of lower sensitive grid 5 have axial axis of symmetry x
mL, in the center of lower sensitive grid 5 at y-axis and x
mLthe intersection point of axle, the sensitive segment 9 of next sensitive grid 6 has axial axis of symmetry x
l1, the center of next sensitive grid 6 is at y-axis and x
l1the intersection point of axle, the sensitive segment 9 of lower three sensitive grids 7 has axial axis of symmetry x
l3, the center of lower three sensitive grids 7 is at y-axis and x
l3the intersection point of axle.
6th, the center of upper three sensitive grids 2 with in the spacing at center of upper sensitive grid 4 be Δ y
1, in the spacing at the upper center of sensitive grid 4 and the center of next sensitive grid 6 be also Δ y
1; A upper sensitive grid center 3 with in the spacing at center of lower sensitive grid 5 be Δ y
1, in the spacing at the lower center of sensitive grid 5 and the center of lower three sensitive grids 7 be also Δ y
1; The distance at the center of upper three sensitive grids 2 and the center of a upper sensitive grid 3 is Δ y
2, in upper sensitive grid 4 center with in the distance at center of lower sensitive grid 5 be Δ y
2, the spacing at the center of next sensitive grid 6 and the center of lower three sensitive grids 7 is Δ y
2, as shown in Figure 2.On top, three sensitive grids 2 can be interdigital layout or non-interdigital layout with a upper sensitive grid 3, in centre upper sensitive grid 4 and in lower sensitive grid 5 can be interdigital layout or non-interdigital layout, next sensitive grid 6 can be interdigital layout or non-interdigital layout with lower three sensitive grids 7 below, and without other interdigital deployment scenarios; Described interdigital layout refers to: in the plane, in the sensitive segment distribution straggly with two sensitive grids on sensitive segment axes normal direction, the order occur respectively the sensitive segment of two sensitive grids in the direction in which and number of times do not limit in each sensitive segment axis institute of two sensitive grids.Due to upper three sensitive grids 2, a upper sensitive grid 3, in upper sensitive grid 4, in the relative position of lower sensitive grid 5, next sensitive grid 6 and lower three sensitive grids 7 ensured quite accurately to be secured by foil gauge production technology, this is also that the present invention can detect workpiece and strains one of key of horizontal partial derivative.
In sum, three sensitive grids 2 in the present invention, a upper sensitive grid 3, in upper sensitive grid 4, in lower sensitive grid 5, next sensitive grid 6 and lower three sensitive grids 7 increased resistance value under same strain be the proportionate relationship of 3:1:4:4:1:3; , there is part deviation in the horizontal in each sensitive grid center bias free in the axial direction; The center of upper three sensitive grids 2 with in the spacing at center of upper sensitive grid 4 be Δ y
1, in the spacing at the upper center of sensitive grid 4 and the center of next sensitive grid 6 be also Δ y
1; A upper sensitive grid center 3 with in the spacing at center of lower sensitive grid 5 be Δ y
1, in the spacing at the lower center of sensitive grid 5 and the center of lower three sensitive grids 7 be also Δ y
1; The distance at the center of upper three sensitive grids 2 and the center of a upper sensitive grid 3 is Δ y
2, in upper sensitive grid 4 center with in the distance at center of lower sensitive grid 5 be Δ y
2, the spacing at the center of next sensitive grid 6 and the center of lower three sensitive grids 7 is Δ y
2.
Under making free state, upper sensitive grid 3 resistance is R
u0, in lower sensitive grid 5 resistance be R
m0, lower three sensitive grid 7 resistance are R
l0, should R be had
u0+ R
l0=R
m0=R
0.Foil gauge of the present invention is placed in certain when having a surface strain, upper sensitive grid 3 resistance is R
0+ Δ R
u, in lower sensitive grid 5 resistance be R
0+ Δ R
m, lower three sensitive grid 7 resistance are R
0+ Δ R
l; On the other hand, the center of a upper sensitive grid 3 and lower three sensitive grids 7 is in the horizontal at a distance of 2 Δ y
1.The formula of the relation of sensitive grid resistance and surface strain and numerical differentiation (3) is utilized to have:
Wherein
for the center of lower three sensitive grids 7, ε
ufor the strain of upper sensitive grid 3 center, ε
mfor in the strain of lower sensitive grid 5 center, ε
lfor the strain of lower three sensitive grid 6 centers.Namely this is the principle that the present embodiment measured surface strains horizontal local derviation.Pay special attention to, the numerical differentiation that above formula calculates is the horizontal single order local derviation of strain of the center of lower three sensitive grids 7, this position is the downside of foil gauge, therefore has and is convenient to there are the horizontal single order local derviation of size restriction site in measuring workpieces corner, edge etc. advantage to foil gauge.Three sensitive grids 2 in same utilization, in upper sensitive grid 4 and next sensitive grid 6, also can measure the strain transverse direction single order local derviation of the center of three sensitive grids 2.The upper limb of pin 8-1 and 8-2 of upper three the sensitive grids 2 and lateral separation of upper three sensitive grid 2 the top sensitive segments is very little or even pin upper limb is positioned at the below of three sensitive grid 2 the top sensitive segments; The lower edge of pin 8-11 and 8-12 of lower three sensitive grids 7 with the lateral separation of lower three sensitive grid 7 bottom sensitive segments very little or even pin lower edge be positioned at the top of lower sensitive grid 7 bottom sensitive segment, object be under upper three sensitive grid 2 centers to the Distance geometry of foil gauge upper edge of reduction three sensitive grid 7 centers to the distance of foil gauge lower edge.The horizontal single order local derviation of strain of the center of above-mentioned lower three sensitive grids 7 and the horizontal first-order partial derivative of strain of upper three sensitive grid 2 centers can be measured simultaneously.
Coordinated by the present embodiment electric bridge to can be used for monitor strain, strain horizontal single order local derviation, suppose that bridge input voltage is u
i, output voltage is u
o, Fig. 3 is shown in by the schematic diagram of measuring bridge.When without workpiece effects of strain, each arm resistance of electric bridge is labeled as R respectively according to clockwise direction
1, R
2, R
3, R
4, when obscuring also with these sign flag resistance place electric bridges.Each electric bridge can be laid sensitive grid or the resistance of foil gauge.Arrange identical with general foil gauge, if settle sensitive grid on multiple brachium pontis, to the order of each installation position, the requirement of strain difinite quality.During without workpiece effects of strain, the Output Voltage Formula of electric bridge is
Now, bridge balance i.e. u is required
o=0, so so-called bridge balance condition R must be met
1r
3-R
2r
4=0, the electric bridge of employing meets further
R
1＝R
2＝R
3＝R
4，(6)
Because, the first, satisfy condition (6) time, the highest according to relevant theoretical foil gauge sensitivity; The second, monitor strain or strain horizontal local derviation the equal requirement condition of method (6) set up.When foil gauge, with external world's strain, strain also occurs, above-mentioned bridge balance condition is generally no longer set up, now
Due to Δ R
i< < R
i(i=1,2,3,4) event first ≈ sets up, and second ≈ is as Δ R
1-Δ R
2with Δ R
3-Δ R
4jack per line or contrary sign but | Δ R
1-Δ R
2| with | Δ R
3-Δ R
4| not very close to time set up, in engineering, choose reasonable foil gauge installation position can realize completely.The voltage measurement strain that general available formula (7) obtains; Can convolution (4) and formula (7) to the horizontal local derviation of strain, reasonable design arranges each brachium pontis sensitive grid and resistance, such as brachium pontis R
1lower sensitive grid 5 in layout, brachium pontis R
2a sensitive grid 3 and lower three sensitive grids 7 in arranged in series, all the other brachium pontis configuration substitutional resistance, can obtain and strain the linear magnitude of voltage u of horizontal single order local derviation with lower three sensitive grid 7 centers
o, this voltage is that feeble signal need be amplified.
Claims (8)
1. can measure the cross direction profiles six sensitive grid full-bridge metal strain plate that bilateral is biased sensitive grid central cross local derviation for one kind, comprise substrate, it is characterized in that: described metal strain plate also comprises six sensitive grids, the two ends of each sensitive grid connect a pin respectively, described substrate are fixed described six sensitive grids;
Each sensitive grid comprises sensitive segment and transition section, the two ends of described sensitive segment are transition section, described sensitive segment is elongated strip shaped, described transition section is tubbiness shape, the resistance of described sensitive segment is much larger than the resistance of described transition section, under same strain state, the increased resistance value of described sensitive segment is much larger than the increased resistance value of described transition section, and the increased resistance value of described transition section is close to 0;
All xsect centres of form of each sensitive segment form sensitive segment axis, this sensitive segment axis is straight line section, in described six sensitive grids each sensitive segment axis being parallel and be arranged in same plane, sensitive segment axis is determined in plane, along described sensitive segment axis direction namely axially, be laterally with axially vertical direction; Each sensitive segment exists the xsect that its both sides resistance value is equal, get this cross-section centroid position and with this sensitive segment resistance value for nominal mass is formed the nominal particle of place sensitive segment, the centroid position that the nominal particle of each sensitive segment is formed jointly is the center of sensitive grid;
Six sensitive grid center bias frees in the axial direction, have deviation in the horizontal; The order of sensitive grid center pressed by six sensitive grids, be transversely followed successively by from top to bottom five sensitive grids, upper three sensitive grids, in upper sensitive grid, in lower sensitive grid, lower three sensitive grids and lower five sensitive grids; Upper five sensitive grid centers with in the spacing at upper sensitive grid center be Δ y
1, in the spacing at upper sensitive grid center and lower three sensitive grid centers be also Δ y
1; Upper three sensitive grid centers with in the spacing at lower sensitive grid center be Δ y
1, in the spacing at lower sensitive grid center and lower five sensitive grid centers be also Δ y
1; The distance at upper five sensitive grid centers and upper three sensitive grid centers is Δ y
2, in upper sensitive grid center with in the distance at lower sensitive grid center be Δ y
2, the spacing at lower three sensitive grid centers and lower five sensitive grid centers is Δ y
2;
Upper five sensitive grids, upper three sensitive grids, in upper sensitive grid, in the sensitive segment all-in resistance of lower sensitive grid, lower three sensitive grids and lower five sensitive grids be the proportionate relationship of 5:3:8:8:3:5, upper five sensitive grids, upper three sensitive grids, in upper sensitive grid, in lower sensitive grid, down three sensitive grids and the all-in resistance changing value of sensitive segment sensitive segment under identical strain of five sensitive grids down be also the proportionate relationship of 5:3:8:8:3:5.
2. can measure the cross direction profiles six sensitive grid full-bridge metal strain plate that bilateral is biased sensitive grid central cross local derviation as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: all shape of cross section consistent size of each sensitive segment, get each sensitive segment axis point midway and with this sensitive segment resistance value for nominal mass is formed the nominal particle of place sensitive segment, described upper five sensitive grids, upper three sensitive grids, in upper sensitive grid, in the sensitive segment total length of lower sensitive grid, lower three sensitive grids and lower five sensitive grids be the proportionate relationship of 5:3:8:8:3:5.
3. can measure the cross direction profiles six sensitive grid full-bridge metal strain plate that bilateral is biased sensitive grid central cross local derviation as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that: each sensitive segment axis is determined in plane, upper five sensitive grids and upper three sensitive grids are interdigital layout, in upper sensitive grid and in lower sensitive grid be interdigital layout, lower three sensitive grids and lower five sensitive grids are interdigital layout.
4. can measure the cross direction profiles six sensitive grid full-bridge metal strain plate that bilateral is biased sensitive grid central cross local derviation as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that: the upper limb of the pin of upper five sensitive grids and the lateral separation of upper five sensitive grid the top sensitive segments is very little or even pin upper limb is positioned at the below of five sensitive grid the top sensitive segments, and the lower edge of two pins of lower five sensitive grids with the lateral separation of lower five sensitive grid bottom sensitive segments very little or even pin lower edge be positioned at the top of time five sensitive grid bottom sensitive segments.
5. can measure the cross direction profiles six sensitive grid full-bridge metal strain plate that bilateral is biased sensitive grid central cross local derviation as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that: described metal strain plate also comprises cover plate, described cover plate is covered in described sensitive grid and substrate.
6. can measure the cross direction profiles six sensitive grid full-bridge metal strain plate that bilateral is biased sensitive grid central cross local derviation as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that: described sensitive grid is wire form, foil, diaphragm type or thick-film type sensitive grid.
7. can measure the cross direction profiles six sensitive grid full-bridge metal strain plate that bilateral is biased sensitive grid central cross local derviation as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that: described substrate is glued membrane substrate, glass fabric substrates, asbestos substrate, metallic substrates or temporary substrate.
8. the bilateral measured as described in claim or 2 is biased the cross direction profiles six sensitive grid full-bridge metal strain plate of sensitive grid central cross local derviation, it is characterized in that: described six sensitive grid upper, middle and lower are arranged in substrate.
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