CN105420591A - 耐磨损汽车活塞环加工方法 - Google Patents

耐磨损汽车活塞环加工方法 Download PDF

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CN105420591A
CN105420591A CN201510735045.8A CN201510735045A CN105420591A CN 105420591 A CN105420591 A CN 105420591A CN 201510735045 A CN201510735045 A CN 201510735045A CN 105420591 A CN105420591 A CN 105420591A
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沈四海
沈军
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Hefei Haiyuan Machinery Co Ltd
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    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C37/00Cast-iron alloys
    • C22C37/10Cast-iron alloys containing aluminium or silicon
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    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21DMODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/18Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21DMODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/56General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering characterised by the quenching agents
    • C21D1/607Molten salts
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    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21DMODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D5/00Heat treatments of cast-iron
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    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21DMODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/40Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for rings; for bearing races
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23CCOATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C8/00Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
    • C23C8/06Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases
    • C23C8/08Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases only one element being applied
    • C23C8/10Oxidising
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16JPISTONS; CYLINDERS; SEALINGS
    • F16J9/00Piston-rings, e.g. non-metallic piston-rings, seats therefor; Ring sealings of similar construction
    • F16J9/26Piston-rings, e.g. non-metallic piston-rings, seats therefor; Ring sealings of similar construction characterised by the use of particular materials

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Abstract

本发明公开了耐磨损汽车活塞环加工方法,加工步骤包括:铸造活塞环毛坯,控制活塞环的各化学成分的重量百分比应满足下述要求:C2.48~2.75、Mn0.15~0.25、V0.05-0.15、Si1.15~1.35、W0.04-0.07、P0.018~0.035、S0.015~0.025、Ni0.15~0.23、Co0.35~0.45、Sn0.12~0.21、Nd0.018~0.035,余量为铁;本发明提高了发动机活塞环强度,达到了耐磨损活塞环所需的硬度值、强度值,解决了高温度下发动机曲轴瓦的延迟断裂和疲劳断裂,在使用中连接可靠,不易折断,提高了曲轴瓦寿命。

Description

耐磨损汽车活塞环加工方法
技术领域
本发明涉及汽车零部件加工领域,尤其是一种耐磨损汽车活塞环加工方法。
背景技术
活塞是潜孔冲击器的关键部位之一,是受力最复杂,最易损坏的部件。在冲击过程中,活塞以每秒几米至几十米的速度冲击钎杆并反弹,产生极大的瞬时冲击力并对活塞造成严重的破坏,以致活塞出现断裂、剥落、崩块等普遍失效情况。因而很多热处理工作者致力于冲击活塞的热处理工艺研究,希望它具有很高的强韧性和抗冲击疲劳性,同时活塞的表面具有高硬度,以使冲击活塞在高频率强烈冲击过程中不蹋陷、不崩裂,延长活塞的使用寿命。
近年来,在冶金矿山、煤矿岩巷、化工采矿等岩石掘进工程中,潜孔冲击器正在发挥着越来越重要的作用,这就对冲击活塞的性能提出了更高的要求,进而对加工活塞的原材料和热处理工艺提出了更高的要求。目前,传统的热处理工艺或者提高了活塞的抗冲击性能,但是牺牲了表面硬度,降低了活塞表面抗载荷和耐磨损能力;或者具有较高的表面硬度,但抗冲击性能差,活塞的使用寿命始终达不到矿山生产要求。这不但影响矿山的工作效率,且在经济上也造成了一定损失。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于避免现有技术中的不足之处,而提供一种耐磨损汽车活塞环加工方法。
本发明的目的通过以下技术方案如下:
耐磨损汽车活塞环加工方法,加工步骤包括:
a、铸造活塞环毛坯,控制活塞环的各化学成分的重量百分比应满足下述要求:C2.48~2.75、Mn0.15~0.25、V0.05-0.15、Si1.15~1.35、W0.04-0.07、P0.018~0.035、S0.015~0.025、Ni0.15~0.23、Co0.35~0.45、Sn0.12~0.21、Nd0.018~0.035,余量为铁;
b、对活塞环分别进行真空高压气冷淬火处理、盐浴淬火池处理,真空高压气冷淬火处理是先将铸态毛坯真空高压气冷淬火炉加热到650-700℃,在3×105Pa压力下连续用高纯氮气冷却,然后进行盐浴淬火,盐浴处理温度为120-130℃,盐浴处理保温时间为1.5-2h,熔盐组成成分重量比:亚硝酸钾22-25份、纯碱20-25份、碳酸铜10-12份、硫酸钾7-10份;
c、磷化处理活塞环,首先用10-12%氢氧化铝溶液洗涤进行脱脂处理,温度控制在50-55℃之间,时间为11-13分钟,然后水洗;再用45-55%NaHSO4溶液洗涤进行酸洗处理,温度控制在18-20℃,时间为5-8分钟,然后水洗;采用体积比分别为2:2:1:1:45的浓度为56%的HCl、200ml/l的氧化锌、4~6g/l、1.3~1.5g/l硝酸钠、1.6~2g/l双氧水和水配制的表面活性剂溶液中,温度控制在55-62℃,浸入时间为12-15分钟;
d、发黑处理
采用氧化性气体对螺栓进行发黑处理,控制温度400℃-450℃,时间15-20分钟,再进行清洗、风干,即得成品活塞环。
所述熔盐组成成分重量比:亚硝酸钾23.5份、纯碱22.5份、碳酸铜11份、硫酸钾8.5份。
本发明的耐磨损活塞环制备方法中合金元素配比合理,同时铸件通过模锻、真空高压气冷淬火处理、盐浴淬火池处理、磷化处理、发黑处理,提高了发动机活塞环强度,达到了耐磨损活塞环所需的硬度值、强度值,解决了高温度下发动机曲轴瓦的延迟断裂和疲劳断裂,在使用中连接可靠,不易折断,提高了曲轴瓦寿命。
具体实施方式
结合以下实施例对本发明作进一步描述:
耐磨损汽车活塞环加工方法,加工步骤包括:
a、铸造活塞环毛坯,控制活塞环的各化学成分的重量百分比应满足下述要求:C2.48~2.75、Mn0.15~0.25、V0.05-0.15、Si1.15~1.35、W0.04-0.07、P0.018~0.035、S0.015~0.025、Ni0.15~0.23、Co0.35~0.45、Sn0.12~0.21、Nd0.018~0.035,余量为铁;
b、对活塞环分别进行真空高压气冷淬火处理、盐浴淬火池处理,真空高压气冷淬火处理是先将铸态毛坯真空高压气冷淬火炉加热到650-700℃,在3×105Pa压力下连续用高纯氮气冷却,然后进行盐浴淬火,盐浴处理温度为120-130℃,盐浴处理保温时间为1.5-2h,熔盐组成成分重量比:亚硝酸钾23.5份、纯碱22.5份、碳酸铜11份、硫酸钾8.5份;
c、磷化处理活塞环,首先用10-12%氢氧化铝溶液洗涤进行脱脂处理,温度控制在50-55℃之间,时间为11-13分钟,然后水洗;再用45-55%NaHSO4溶液洗涤进行酸洗处理,温度控制在18-20℃,时间为5-8分钟,然后水洗;采用体积比分别为2:2:1:1:45的浓度为56%的HCl、200ml/l的氧化锌、4~6g/l、1.3~1.5g/l硝酸钠、1.6~2g/l双氧水和水配制的表面活性剂溶液中,温度控制在55-62℃,浸入时间为12-15分钟;
d、发黑处理
采用氧化性气体对螺栓进行发黑处理,控制温度400℃-450℃,时间15-20分钟,再进行清洗、风干,即得成品活塞环。
根据本发明活塞环制备方法生产的活塞环,经过检测试验其机械性能数值如下,活塞环心部硬度达45-50HRC、活塞环外表面硬度达56-63HRC,抗拉强度达到1200Mpa,屈服强度达到1120Mpa,延伸率大于12%,断面收缩率大于20%,冲击韧性大于46J/cm2,综合机械性能比现有工艺制造出的螺栓高10-12%。
最后应当说明的是,以上实施例仅用于说明本发明的技术方案而非对本发明保护范围的限制,尽管参照较佳实施例对本发明作了详细说明,本领域的普通技术人员应当理解,可以对本发明的技术方案进行修改或者等同替换,而不脱离本发明技术方案的实质和范围。

Claims (2)

1.耐磨损汽车活塞环加工方法,其特征在于,加工步骤包括:
a、铸造活塞环毛坯,控制活塞环的各化学成分的重量百分比应满足下述要求:C2.48~2.75、Mn0.15~0.25、V0.05-0.15、Si1.15~1.35、W0.04-0.07、P0.018~0.035、S0.015~0.025、Ni0.15~0.23、Co0.35~0.45、Sn0.12~0.21、Nd0.018~0.035,余量为铁;
b、对活塞环分别进行真空高压气冷淬火处理、盐浴淬火池处理,真空高压气冷淬火处理是先将铸态毛坯真空高压气冷淬火炉加热到650-700℃,在3×105Pa压力下连续用高纯氮气冷却,然后进行盐浴淬火,盐浴处理温度为120-130℃,盐浴处理保温时间为1.5-2h,熔盐组成成分重量比:亚硝酸钾22-25份、纯碱20-25份、碳酸铜10-12份、硫酸钾7-10份;
c、磷化处理活塞环,首先用10-12%氢氧化铝溶液洗涤进行脱脂处理,温度控制在50-55℃之间,时间为11-13分钟,然后水洗;再用45-55%NaHSO4溶液洗涤进行酸洗处理,温度控制在18-20℃,时间为5-8分钟,然后水洗;采用体积比分别为2:2:1:1:45的浓度为56%的HCl、200ml/l的氧化锌、4~6g/l、1.3~1.5g/l硝酸钠、1.6~2g/l双氧水和水配制的表面活性剂溶液中,温度控制在55-62℃,浸入时间为12-15分钟;
d、发黑处理
采用氧化性气体对螺栓进行发黑处理,控制温度400℃-450℃,时间15-20分钟,再进行清洗、风干,即得成品活塞环。
2.根据权利要求1所述的耐磨损汽车活塞环加工方法,其特征在于:所述熔盐组成成分重量比:亚硝酸钾23.5份、纯碱22.5份、碳酸铜11份、硫酸钾8.5份。
CN201510735045.8A 2015-11-03 2015-11-03 耐磨损汽车活塞环加工方法 Pending CN105420591A (zh)

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106521307A (zh) * 2016-11-14 2017-03-22 安徽名杰净化科技有限公司 一种防裂空气净化器铸铁底座制备方法
CN108555550A (zh) * 2018-05-25 2018-09-21 安徽尚忠活塞环有限公司 多种金属元素混合型活塞环的制备工艺
CN108825776A (zh) * 2018-05-25 2018-11-16 安徽尚忠活塞环有限公司 一种防气漏的组合式活塞环及其制备方法
CN108999714A (zh) * 2018-08-10 2018-12-14 重庆理工大学 一种高性能气缸套组件及制造方法

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103089781A (zh) * 2012-12-04 2013-05-08 安徽六方重联机械股份有限公司 高强度双头螺栓加工方法
CN103757574A (zh) * 2014-01-23 2014-04-30 中信戴卡股份有限公司 铝车轮热处理工艺

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103089781A (zh) * 2012-12-04 2013-05-08 安徽六方重联机械股份有限公司 高强度双头螺栓加工方法
CN103757574A (zh) * 2014-01-23 2014-04-30 中信戴卡股份有限公司 铝车轮热处理工艺

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106521307A (zh) * 2016-11-14 2017-03-22 安徽名杰净化科技有限公司 一种防裂空气净化器铸铁底座制备方法
CN108555550A (zh) * 2018-05-25 2018-09-21 安徽尚忠活塞环有限公司 多种金属元素混合型活塞环的制备工艺
CN108825776A (zh) * 2018-05-25 2018-11-16 安徽尚忠活塞环有限公司 一种防气漏的组合式活塞环及其制备方法
CN108999714A (zh) * 2018-08-10 2018-12-14 重庆理工大学 一种高性能气缸套组件及制造方法

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Application publication date: 20160323