CN105415794A - 玻璃纤维增强复合材料 - Google Patents

玻璃纤维增强复合材料 Download PDF

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CN105415794A
CN105415794A CN201510959725.8A CN201510959725A CN105415794A CN 105415794 A CN105415794 A CN 105415794A CN 201510959725 A CN201510959725 A CN 201510959725A CN 105415794 A CN105415794 A CN 105415794A
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glass fibre
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王均良
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CHANGSHU JIATAI METAL MATERIAL Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开一种玻璃纤维增强复合材料，所述玻璃纤维增强复合材料包括最上层的玻璃纤维、中间层的硅酸凝胶和基础层的碳纤维复合材料组合而成，所述碳纤维复合材料包括碳纤维、陶瓷纤维和硼纤维，所述的玻璃纤维占玻璃纤维增强复合材料总体分量的47%-50%，所述的硅酸凝胶占玻璃纤维增强复合材料总体分量的5%-8%，所述的碳纤维复合材料占玻璃纤维增强复合材料总体分量的42%-47%，本发明提供一种玻璃纤维增强复合材料，具有使用寿命长、成本低及稳定性好等特点。

Description

玻璃纤维增强复合材料
技术领域
本发明涉及一种玻璃纤维增强复合材料。
背景技术
复合材料使用的历史可以追溯到古代。从古至今沿用的稻草或麦秸增强粘土和已使用上百年的钢筋混凝土均由两种材料复合而成。20世纪40年代，因航空工业的需要，发展了玻璃纤维增强塑料（俗称玻璃钢），从此出现了复合材料这一名称。50年代以后，陆续发展了碳纤维、石墨纤维和硼纤维等高强度和高模量纤维。70年代出现了芳纶纤维和碳化硅纤维。这些高强度、高模量纤维能与合成树脂、碳、石墨、陶瓷、橡胶等非金属基体或铝、镁、钛等金属基体复合，构成各具特色的复合材料。
现代高科技的发展离不开复合材料，复合材料[1]对现代科学技术的发展，有着十分重要的作用。复合材料的研究深度和应用广度及其生产发展的速度和规模，已成为衡量一个国家科学技术先进水平的重要标志之一。进入21世纪以来，全球复合材料市场快速增长，亚洲尤其中国市场增长较快。2003～2008年间中国年均增速为15%，印度为9.5%，而欧洲和北美年均增幅仅为4%。60年代，为满足航空航天等尖端技术所用材料的需要，先后研制和生产了以高性能纤维（如碳纤维、硼纤维、芳纶纤维、碳化硅纤维等）为增强材料的复合材料，其比强度大于4×10厘米（cm），比模量大于4×10cm。为了与第一代玻璃纤维增强树脂复合材料相区别，将这种复合材料称为先进复合材料。按基体材料不同，先进复合材料分为树脂基、金属基和陶瓷基复合材料。其使用温度分别达250～350℃、350～1200℃和1200℃以上。先进复合材料除作为结构材料外，还可用作功能材料，如梯度复合材料(材料的化学和结晶学组成、结构、空隙等在空间连续梯变的功能复合材料)、机敏复合材料（具有感觉、处理和执行功能，能适应环境变化的功能复合材料）、仿生复合材料、隐身复合材料等。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种玻璃纤维增强复合材料，具有使用寿命长、成本低及稳定性好等特点。
本发明的技术方案是：一种玻璃纤维增强复合材料，所述玻璃纤维增强复合材料包括最上层的玻璃纤维、中间层的硅酸凝胶和基础层的碳纤维复合材料组合而成，所述碳纤维复合材料包括碳纤维、陶瓷纤维和硼纤维，所述的玻璃纤维占玻璃纤维增强复合材料总体分量的47%-50%，所述的硅酸凝胶占玻璃纤维增强复合材料总体分量的5%-8%，所述的碳纤维复合材料占玻璃纤维增强复合材料总体分量的42%-47%。
在本发明一个较佳实施例中，所述硅酸凝胶包括二氧化硅和用硅酸钠。
在本发明一个较佳实施例中，所述的玻璃纤维占玻璃纤维增强复合材料总体分量的49%，所述的硅酸凝胶占玻璃纤维增强复合材料总体分量的5%，所述的碳纤维复合材料占玻璃纤维增强复合材料总体分量的46%。
本发明的一种玻璃纤维增强复合材料，具有使用寿命长、成本低及稳定性好等特点。
具体实施方式
下面结合对本发明的较佳实施例进行详细阐述，以使本发明的优点和特征能更易于被本领域技术人员理解，从而对本发明的保护范围做出更为清楚明确的界定。
在一实施例中，所述玻璃纤维增强复合材料包括最上层的玻璃纤维、中间层的硅酸凝胶和基础层的碳纤维复合材料组合而成，所述碳纤维复合材料包括碳纤维、陶瓷纤维和硼纤维，所述的玻璃纤维占玻璃纤维增强复合材料总体分量的47%-50%，所述的硅酸凝胶占玻璃纤维增强复合材料总体分量的5%-8%，所述的碳纤维复合材料占玻璃纤维增强复合材料总体分量的42%-47%。
进一步说明，所述硅酸凝胶包括二氧化硅和用硅酸钠，所述的玻璃纤维占玻璃纤维增强复合材料总体分量的49%，所述的硅酸凝胶占玻璃纤维增强复合材料总体分量的5%，所述的碳纤维复合材料占玻璃纤维增强复合材料总体分量的46%。
进一步说明，硅酸凝胶是一种高活性吸附材料，属非晶态物质，其化学分子式为mSiO2·nH2O；除强碱、氢氟酸外不与任何物质发生反应，不溶于水和任何溶剂，无毒无味，化学性质稳定。各种型号的硅酸凝胶因其制造方法不同而形成不同的微孔结构。硅酸凝胶的化学组份和物理结构，决定了它具有许多其他同类材料难以取代得特点：吸附性能高、热稳定性好、化学性质稳定、有较高的机械强度等。硅酸凝胶根据其孔径的大小分为：大孔硅胶、粗孔硅胶、B型硅胶、细孔硅胶等。
在进一步说明，碳纤维增强环氧树脂复合材料，其比强度、比模量综合指标，在现有结构材料中是最高的。在密度、刚度、重量、疲劳特性等有严格要求的领域，在要求高温、化学稳定性高的场合，碳纤维复合材料都颇具优势。由碳纤维和环氧树脂结合而成的复合材料，由于其比重小、刚性好和强度高而成为一种先进的航空航天材料。因为航天飞行器的重量每减少1公斤，就可使运载火箭减轻500公斤。所以，在航空航天工业中争相采用先进复合材料。有一种垂直起落战斗机，它所用的碳纤维复合材料已占全机重量的1/4，占机翼重量的1/3。碳纤维增强环氧树脂复合材料是一种力学性能优异的新材料，它的比重不到钢的1/4，碳纤维树脂复合材料抗拉强度一般都在3500Mpa以上，是钢的7~9倍，抗拉弹性模量为23000~43000Mpa亦高于钢。因此CFRP的比强度即材料的强度与其密度之比可达到2000Mpa/(g/cm3)以上，而A3钢的比强度仅为59Mpa/(g/cm3)左右，其比模量也比钢高。本发明提供一种玻璃纤维增强复合材料，具有使用寿命长、成本低及稳定性好等特点。
本发明的具体实施方式，但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本领域的技术人员在本发明所揭露的技术范围内，可不经过创造性劳动想到的变化或替换，都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。因此，本发明的保护范围应该以权利要求书所限定的保护范围为准。

Claims (3)

1.一种玻璃纤维增强复合材料，其特征在于：所述玻璃纤维增强复合材料包括最上层的玻璃纤维、中间层的硅酸凝胶和基础层的碳纤维复合材料组合而成，所述碳纤维复合材料包括碳纤维、陶瓷纤维和硼纤维，所述的玻璃纤维占玻璃纤维增强复合材料总体分量的47%-50%，所述的硅酸凝胶占玻璃纤维增强复合材料总体分量的5%-8%，所述的碳纤维复合材料占玻璃纤维增强复合材料总体分量的42%-47%。
2.根据权利要求1所述的玻璃纤维增强复合材料，其特征在于：所述硅酸凝胶包括二氧化硅和用硅酸钠。
3.根据权利要求1所述的玻璃纤维增强复合材料，其特征在于：所述的玻璃纤维占玻璃纤维增强复合材料总体分量的49%，所述的硅酸凝胶占玻璃纤维增强复合材料总体分量的5%，所述的碳纤维复合材料占玻璃纤维增强复合材料总体分量的46%。
CN201510959725.8A 2015-12-21 2015-12-21 玻璃纤维增强复合材料 Pending CN105415794A (zh)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106746957A (zh) * 2016-11-28 2017-05-31 安徽瑞研新材料技术研究院有限公司 一种玻璃纤维增强复合材料

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1757507A (zh) * 2005-10-25 2006-04-12 北京英特莱特种纺织有限公司 可重复使用的保温隔热被及其应用方法
CN103319141A (zh) * 2012-03-23 2013-09-25 刘凤文 一种气凝胶复合材料

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1757507A (zh) * 2005-10-25 2006-04-12 北京英特莱特种纺织有限公司 可重复使用的保温隔热被及其应用方法
CN103319141A (zh) * 2012-03-23 2013-09-25 刘凤文 一种气凝胶复合材料

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106746957A (zh) * 2016-11-28 2017-05-31 安徽瑞研新材料技术研究院有限公司 一种玻璃纤维增强复合材料

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