CN105415770B - A kind of damping-constraining noise reducing plate and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

A kind of damping-constraining noise reducing plate and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105415770B
CN105415770B CN201510828831.2A CN201510828831A CN105415770B CN 105415770 B CN105415770 B CN 105415770B CN 201510828831 A CN201510828831 A CN 201510828831A CN 105415770 B CN105415770 B CN 105415770B
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China
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damping
layer
noise reducing
reducing plate
plate according
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CN105415770A (en
Inventor
毛昆朋
徐超
马运章
张澎湃
贾颖华
张弘
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China Academy of Railway Sciences Corp Ltd CARS
China State Railway Group Co Ltd
Metals and Chemistry Research Institute of CARS
Beijing CARS Advanced Material Technology Co Ltd
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China Academy of Railway Sciences Corp Ltd CARS
China Railway Corp
Metals and Chemistry Research Institute of CARS
Beijing CARS Advanced Material Technology Co Ltd
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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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  • Soundproofing, Sound Blocking, And Sound Damping (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention provides a kind of damping-constraining noise reducing plate, and it includes damping layer (1), restraint layer (2) and sound absorbing layer (3) successively.Damping layer and restraint layer form constrained damping structure, can effectively reduce between wheel track and the vibration of disc；Sound absorbing layer is covered on the outside of restraint layer, can be absorbed to produce in wheel track operation and be vibrated and caused noise；Damping layer and restraint layer covering position are by disc to wheel rim, and overall symmetrically to be bonded centered on wheel shaft, bond area is big, and balance is good.

Description

A kind of damping-constraining noise reducing plate and preparation method thereof
Technical field
The invention belongs to track building material technical field, and specifically, the present invention relates to a kind of constraint used for rail vehicle Damping noise-reducing plate and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
When track train wheel is with Wheel Rail Contact, due to reasons such as wheel track irregularities, violent vibration can be produced.It is existing to subtract The method and damping technology of few Wheel Rail Vibration have all carried out destructive transformation in itself to wheel, can influence wheel to some extent Rigidity, hidden danger is produced to traffic safety.
Damping-constraining formula material includes damping layer and restraint layer two parts, and the general of a floor height modulus is pasted on damping material Logical elastomeric layer is as restraint layer.When constrained damping structure vibrates, middle viscoelasticity damping material is sheared Deformation, dissipated so as to which vibrational energy is changed into thermal energy consumption, play vibration and noise reducing effect.Damping-constraining formula material is sticked on into wheel Disc both sides, damping material deforms upon during unsteadiness of wheels, and the presence of restraint layer suppresses the deformation of damping material, adds resistance The shearing deformation of damping material, larger consumes vibrational energy, plays a part of reducing wheel-rail noise.Also porous sound absorption can be introduced The gap of many of material, material connection or bubble, during sound wave incident, vibration caused by sound wave causes aperture or gap Air movement, due to being changed into heat energy with hole wall or the viscosity resistance of fiber surface friction and air, a part of acoustic energy, making sound Wave attenuation；Secondly, heat exchange also constantly occurs in aperture between air and hole wall, also makes sound energy attenuation, makees so as to play noise reduction With.
Chinese patent application CN 201456921 discloses a kind of adhesive wheel noise reduction disc, including damping noise-reducing layer and gold Belong to layer, connected by bonding agent, the another side of damping noise-reducing layer has bond layer, it is characterized in that outside metal level knot patch rim for automobile wheel Along having flanging, flanging width is 10-15mm；The shape portion corresponding to the wheel spoke being bonded of the fitting outer surface of noise reduction disc Position shape is consistent.Although the adhesive wheel noise reduction disc can reduce the vibration between wheel track to a certain extent, can not absorb Noise between wheel track.Its outside is metal structure, meeting reflection sound wave, the environment of Along Railway can still be polluted.
Chinese patent application CN 203770520 discloses a kind of porous damping-constraining formula for rail traffic vehicles and subtracted Shaken noise reduction disc, including restraint layer and damping layer, and restraint layer and damping layer are pasted by binding agent, are all provided with restraint layer and damping layer It is equipped with multiple holes, it is characterised in that restraint layer and damping layer are processed using integral forming technique.Porous media has for sound wave There is preferable absorbability, reduce the weight of restraint layer, improve the effect of vibration and noise reducing.However, the noise reduction disc need to hinder Multiple holes are set on Buddhist nun's layer and restraint layer, although this technique can absorb sound wave, reduce constraint layer weight, processing cost compared with Height, while the overall bond area of noise reduction disc and wheel diminishes, security has declined, and can also in addition, distribution of pores is uneven Influence the overall disequilibrium of wheel.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of damping-constraining noise reducing plate, the present invention utilizes constrained damping structure and porous material Sound absorption principle, on the basis of not destroying existing car wheel structure reduce train operation when wheel-rail noise, can effectively reduce With the vibration of disc between wheel track, noise caused by Wheel Rail Vibration is absorbed, balance is good.
The purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions：
A kind of damping-constraining noise reducing plate, it includes damping layer (1), restraint layer (2) and sound absorbing layer (3) successively, and constrains Layer (2) is arranged between damping layer (1) and sound absorbing layer (3)；
Preferably, the damping layer thickness is 0.5mm~3mm, and the restraint layer thickness is 1mm~3mm, the sound absorbing layer Thickness is 0.5mm~10mm.
The damping layer (1) is the sheet material made of viscoplasticity high polymer material；
Preferably, the viscoplasticity high polymer material is selected from polyethylene foam-material, rubber expanded material, ethyl vinyl acetate Vinyl acetate expanded material, acrylate expanded material, polyurethane foam material, polyvinyl-chloride foam material, polymethylacrylic acid One or more in ester foaming material or PP foam material；More preferably acrylate expanded material.
Preferably, the restraint layer (2) is the sheet material made of rigid metallic material or rigid macromolecule material；
Preferably, one or more of the rigid metallic material in steel, aluminium or copper, more preferably steel；
Preferably, the rigid macromolecule material is selected from polyformaldehyde, glass fiber enhanced nylon, polyphenylene sulfide, polyether-ether-ketone, poly- One or more in carbonic ester or polyether sulfone, more preferably polyether-ether-ketone.
Preferably, the sound absorbing layer (3) is the sheet material made of porous material；
Preferably, the porous material is the foamed sound-absorbing material of perforate；
Preferably, the pore diameter range of the porous material is 0.5 μm~200 μm, and mean porosities are 30%~70%；
Preferably, the porous material be selected from acrylate foamed material, polyurethane foamed material, foam metal material or One kind in foam glass material.
Bonded between the damping layer (1) and restraint layer (2) with binding agent；
Preferably, the binding agent is esters of acrylic acid cementing agent；The adhesive is the adhesive with good weatherability properties, - 40~70 DEG C of temperature is resistant to, there is certain ductility, is not failed for a long time in environment out of doors.
Bonded between the restraint layer (2) and sound absorbing layer (3) with binding agent；
Preferably, the binding agent is esters of acrylic acid cementing agent；The binding agent is the adhesive with good weatherability properties, - 40~50 DEG C of temperature is resistant to, acid resistance is good, and UV resistance is good, is not failed for a long time in environment out of doors.
The present invention also provides a kind of preparation method of the damping-constraining noise reducing plate, and the preparation method comprises the following steps：
Damping layer (1), restraint layer (2) and sound absorbing layer (3) are passed sequentially through into adhesive bonding, wherein restraint layer (2) is set It is placed between damping layer (1) and sound absorbing layer (3)；Then shaped, produced in a manner of punch process.
Specifically, damping-constraining noise reducing plate of the present invention is divided into three-decker, i.e. damping layer, restraint layer and sound absorbing layer, Wherein damping layer is viscoplasticity high polymer material；Restraint layer is rigid plate, and layer can also be adopted in addition to it can use metal material With rigid macromolecule material；Sound absorbing layer is open celled foam sound-absorbing material, is resistant to ultraviolet, weak acid, weak base and water, sound absorbing layer The porous material of selection, there is the characteristics of light and good weatherability, will not both increase the burden of wheel, and can enough ensures long-term outdoor Operation.
The mode that damping layer is pasted with restraint layer, restraint layer with sound absorbing layer with adhesive combined, when in use noise reducing plate Damping layer is pasted with application surface, such as wheel surface with adhesive, and sound absorbing layer is thus added on the outside of restraint layer, can be inhaled Receive noise caused by Wheel Rail Contact.
Restraint layer and damping layer, restraint layer and sound absorbing layer are first used adhesives by the present invention, then in a manner of punch process The damping-constraining formula sound absorption noise lowering board to be fitted with wheel web, rim size is shaped into, the damping-constraining noise reduction can be made Each composition part mass of plate is evenly distributed, safer under high speed traveling.Damping layer (1), restraint layer (2) and sound absorbing layer (3) Adhesive bonding is passed sequentially through, the adhesive is esters of acrylic acid cementing agent, has good weatherability properties, is resistant to -40~70 DEG C temperature, have certain ductility, do not failed for a long time in environment out of doors.The installation of damping-constraining noise reducing plate of the present invention Position is that the part of damping-constraining formula noise reducing plate covering is by disc to wheel rim, and bonding area is big, noise reduction on the disc surface of wheel Plate is difficult for drop-off.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has at least following beneficial effect：Damping-constraining noise reducing plate of the present invention includes resistance Buddhist nun's layer, restraint layer and sound absorbing layer.Damping layer and restraint layer form constrained damping structure, can effectively reduce between wheel track and disc Vibration；Sound absorbing layer is covered on the outside of restraint layer, can be absorbed to produce in wheel track operation and be vibrated and caused noise；Damping layer peace treaty Beam layer covering position is by disc to wheel rim, and overall symmetrically to be bonded centered on wheel shaft, bond area is big, and balance is good.
Brief description of the drawings
Hereinafter, embodiment of the present invention is described in detail with reference to accompanying drawing, wherein：
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of damping-constraining noise reducing plate of the present invention, wherein, 1 represents damping layer, and 2 represent constraint Layer, 3 represent sound absorbing layer；
Fig. 2 is schematic view of the mounting position of the damping-constraining noise reducing plate of the present invention on wheel.
Embodiment
Illustrate the present invention referring to specific embodiment.It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that these embodiments are only For illustrating the present invention, its scope not limiting the invention in any way.
The experimental method of following embodiments, it is conventional method unless otherwise specified.Original used in following embodiments Material, reagent material etc., unless otherwise specified, it is commercially available products.
Embodiment 1：It is prepared by noise reducing plate of the present invention
1st, raw material：
Steel plate (restraint layer), area 800mm*800mm, thickness 2mm；
Polyurethane foam material (damping layer), area 800mm*800mm, thickness 1.2mm；
Acrylate foamed material (sound absorbing layer), area 800mm*800mm, thickness 5mm, perforate, 0.5 μm of aperture, hole Rate 30%；Adhesive：Acrylic ester adhesive.
2nd, preparation method：
(1) surface of steel plate is cleaned, dries surface of steel plate, no cleaning agent residual；
(2) acrylic ester adhesive is uniformly brushed in surface of steel plate, polyurethane foam material is pasted onto surface of steel plate, Gu After change, overturning steel plate, acrylic ester adhesive is brushed in opposite side surface of steel plate, acrylate foamed material is pasted onto steel plate Surface, solidification；
(3) after step (2) described surface of steel plate is fully cured, steel plate is placed on punch press, acrylate foamed material The steel plate layer (sound absorbing layer) at place is molded downwards, with 120 ton force punching press for 30 seconds.
Embodiment 2：It is prepared by noise reducing plate of the present invention
1st, raw material：
Copper coin (restraint layer), area 800mm*800mm, thickness 3mm；
Rubber expanded material (damping layer), area 800mm*800mm, thickness 3mm；
Foam metal material (sound absorbing layer), area 800mm*800mm, thickness 10mm, perforate, 100 μm of aperture, porosity 50%；
Adhesive：Acrylic ester adhesive.
2nd, preparation method：
(1) surface of steel plate is cleaned, dries surface of steel plate, no cleaning agent residual；
(2) acrylic ester adhesive is uniformly brushed in surface of steel plate, polyurethane foam material is pasted onto surface of steel plate, Gu After change, overturning steel plate, acrylic ester adhesive is brushed in opposite side surface of steel plate, acrylate foamed material is pasted onto steel plate Surface, solidification；
(3) after step (2) described surface of steel plate is fully cured, steel plate is placed on punch press, acrylate foamed material The steel plate layer (sound absorbing layer) at place is molded downwards, with 120 ton force punching press for 30 seconds.
Embodiment 3：The performance test of damping-constraining formula noise reducing plate of the present invention
The damping-constraining formula noise reducing plate of above-mentioned preparation is installed to wheel former surface, test is overall (to carry noise reducing plate Wheel) damping ratio and acoustic absorptivity.
(1) influence of restraint layer of the present invention, damping layer and sound absorbing layer thickness to damping ratio and acoustic absorptivity, is shown in Table 1；
Table 1：Restraint layer of the present invention, the influence of damping layer and sound absorbing layer thickness to damping ratio and acoustic absorptivity：
The present invention is directed to the performance of damping-constraining formula noise reducing plate, has considered damping ratio, acoustic absorptivity and noise reducing plate matter The factor of the aspect of amount three.Wherein, damping ratio can reflect the standardization damping size of structure, install noise reducing plate additional on wheel The damping ratio of wheel can be increased, damping ratio is bigger, and the effect of vibration and noise reduction of corresponding noise reducing plate is better, and damping ratio should be greater than 0.60； Acoustic absorptivity reflect damping-constraining formula noise reducing plate absorption and reduce noise ability, acoustic absorptivity is bigger, noise reduction more Good, acoustic absorptivity should be greater than 0.70.Noise reducing plate relationship between quality is to train unsprung mass, and unsprung mass is smaller, and travel safety is got over Height, therefore the quality of noise reducing plate is no more than the 5% of wheel mass, about below 13.5kg, and it is the smaller the better.
As it can be seen from table 1 the thickness of damping layer and restraint layer has a great influence to damping ratio, the thickness of sound absorbing layer is to inhaling Sonic system number has a great influence, and restraint layer thickness has a great influence to noise reducing plate quality.Restraint layer thickness is bigger, and damping ratio is bigger, noise reduction Plate quality is bigger, therefore restraint layer thickness need to control within the specific limits, to ensure that the quality of noise reducing plate is less than 13.5kg.Damping Thickness degree should have certain matching with restraint layer thickness, and thickness is too small then close to rigid structure body, thickness too it is big then close to Free damping structure, it can not all reach good effect of vibration and noise reduction.Acoustic absorptivity increases and increased with sound absorbing layer thickness, but When thickness increase to a certain extent, acoustic absorptivity almost no longer increases, in upper table data, when sound absorbing layer thickness is more than 10mm When, acoustic absorptivity is not obviously improved.As can be seen from the table, the combination property of group 1, group 2 and group 3 is optimal.
(2) porosity of porous material of the present invention is shown in Table 2 to the influence to material acoustic absorptivity and mechanical property；
Table 2：Influence of the porosity of the present invention to material acoustic absorptivity and mechanical property：
Porosity (%) Acoustic absorptivity (100Hz~5kHz) Mechanical property (tensile strength/elongation at break)
10 0.14 15.53MPa/672%
20 0.20 16.14MPa/695%
30 0.46 15.87MPa/604%
40 0.58 14.17MPa/582%
50 0.64 13.36MPa/477%
60 0.71 12.10MPa/409%
70 0.79 10.29MPa/329%
80 0.82 6.85MPa/187%
90 0.86 3.22MPa/98%
The sound absorbing layer of damping-constraining noise reducing plate is needed towards external environment, and this requires the mechanics that noise reducing plate should possess Performance, wearability, corrosion resistance and durability, high-speed wind power and extreme natural environment can be born,；Come for porous material Say, porosity is bigger, and acoustic absorptivity is bigger, but mechanical property, wearability, corrosion resistance, durability are poorer.
The present invention by lot of experiments find, when the porosity of sound-absorbing layer material (0~20%), acoustic absorptivity compared with It is small and increases slowly, and as porosity increases, after 30%, acoustic absorptivity is significantly increased, and subsequent amplification eases up；But with Porosity to continue to increase, mechanical property is then on a declining curve, especially porosity more than 70% after, mechanical property significantly under Drop.From table 2 it can be seen that the present invention is more than 10MPa and acoustic absorptivity using tensile strength is used as the property of sound-absorbing layer material more than 0.4 It can require to be screened, the porous sound absorbing material property of porosity 30%~70% is optimal.
In a word, specific description of embodiments of the present invention is not intended to limit the present invention for the above, and those skilled in the art can be with It is variously modified or is deformed according to the present invention, without departing from the spirit of the present invention, all should belong to right appended by the present invention will The scope asked.

Claims (16)

1. a kind of damping-constraining noise reducing plate, it includes damping layer (1), restraint layer (2) and sound absorbing layer (3), and restraint layer successively (2) it is arranged between damping layer (1) and sound absorbing layer (3)；
The damping layer thickness is 0.5mm~3mm, and the restraint layer thickness is 1mm~3mm, and the sound absorbing layer thickness is 0.5mm ~10mm；
The sound absorbing layer (3) is the sheet material made of porous material；The pore diameter range of the porous material is 0.5 μm~200 μm, Mean porosities are 30%~70%.
2. damping-constraining noise reducing plate according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the damping layer (1) is by viscoplasticity height Sheet material made of molecular material.
3. damping-constraining noise reducing plate according to claim 2, it is characterised in that the viscoplasticity high polymer material is selected from poly- Ethene expanded material, rubber expanded material, ethylene-vinyl acetate expanded material, acrylate expanded material, polyurethane foam One or more in material, polyvinyl-chloride foam material, polymethacrylates expanded material or PP foam material.
4. damping-constraining noise reducing plate according to claim 2, it is characterised in that the viscoplasticity high polymer material is propylene Acid esters expanded material.
5. damping-constraining noise reducing plate according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that the restraint layer (2) is by rigid gold Belong to sheet material made of material or rigid macromolecule material.
6. damping-constraining noise reducing plate according to claim 5, it is characterised in that the rigid metallic material is selected from steel, aluminium With the one or more in copper.
7. damping-constraining noise reducing plate according to claim 5, it is characterised in that the rigid metallic material is steel.
8. damping-constraining noise reducing plate according to claim 5, it is characterised in that the rigid macromolecule material is selected from poly- first One or more in aldehyde, glass fiber enhanced nylon, polyphenylene sulfide, polyether-ether-ketone, makrolon and polyether sulfone.
9. damping-constraining noise reducing plate according to claim 5, it is characterised in that the rigid macromolecule material is polyethers ether Ketone.
10. damping-constraining noise reducing plate according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that the porous material is the bubble of perforate Foam sound-absorbing material.
11. damping-constraining noise reducing plate according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that the porous material is selected from acrylic acid One kind in ester foamed material, polyurethane foamed material, foam metal material and foam glass material.
12. damping-constraining noise reducing plate according to claim 1 or claim 2, it is characterised in that the damping layer (1) and restraint layer (2) Between bonded with binding agent.
13. the damping-constraining noise reducing plate according to claim 12, it is characterised in that the binding agent is that esters of acrylic acid is cementing Agent.
14. damping-constraining noise reducing plate according to claim 1 or claim 2, it is characterised in that in damping-constraining noise reducing plate, restraint layer (2) bonded between sound absorbing layer (3) with binding agent.
15. the damping-constraining noise reducing plate according to claim 14, it is characterised in that the binding agent is that esters of acrylic acid is cementing Agent.
16. the preparation method of damping-constraining noise reducing plate according to any one of claim 1 to 15, the preparation method include with Lower step：
Damping layer (1), restraint layer (2) and sound absorbing layer (3) are passed sequentially through into adhesive bonding, wherein restraint layer (2) is arranged at Between damping layer (1) and sound absorbing layer (3)；Then shaped, produced in a manner of punch process.
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CN106393909B (en) * 2016-08-31 2018-09-25 西安立远新材料科技开发有限公司 A kind of high-damping composite plate
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CN107553801B (en) * 2017-09-18 2019-11-15 滁州市永通交通设备有限公司 A kind of preparation method of double-layer structure train outer hood rubber material
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US5761184A (en) * 1996-04-22 1998-06-02 W. L. Gore & Associates, Inc. Vibration damping article
CN201456921U (en) * 2009-05-18 2010-05-12 哈尔滨通达工业环保自动化有限公司 Adhesive wheel noise reduction disc
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