CN105415770A - Constraint damping noise reduction plate and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Constraint damping noise reduction plate and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105415770A
CN105415770A CN201510828831.2A CN201510828831A CN105415770A CN 105415770 A CN105415770 A CN 105415770A CN 201510828831 A CN201510828831 A CN 201510828831A CN 105415770 A CN105415770 A CN 105415770A
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China
Prior art keywords
layer
damping
sound absorbing
noise reducing
restraint
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CN201510828831.2A
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CN105415770B (en
Inventor
毛昆朋
徐超
马运章
张澎湃
贾颖华
张弘
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China Academy of Railway Sciences Corp Ltd CARS
China State Railway Group Co Ltd
Metals and Chemistry Research Institute of CARS
Beijing CARS Advanced Material Technology Co Ltd
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China Academy of Railway Sciences Corp Ltd CARS
Metals and Chemistry Research Institute of CARS
Beijing CARS Advanced Material Technology Co Ltd
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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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  • Soundproofing, Sound Blocking, And Sound Damping (AREA)
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Abstract

The invention provides a constraint damping noise reduction plate which sequentially comprises a damping layer (1), a constraint layer (2) and a sound absorption layer (3). The damping layer and the constraint layer form a constraint damping structure which can effectively reduce vibration between wheel rails and vibration of wheel disks; the sound absorption layer covers the outer side of the constraint layer and can absorb noise generated by vibration generated in operation of the wheel rails; the damping layer and the constraint layer are covered from the wheel disks to wheel rims and are integrally and symmetrically bonded by taking a wheel axle as the center, the bonding area is large, and the equilibrium is good.

Description

A kind of damping-constraining noise reducing plate and preparation method thereof
Technical field
The invention belongs to track building material technical field, specifically, the present invention relates to a kind of damping-constraining noise reducing plate used for rail vehicle and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
When track train wheel and Wheel Rail Contact, due to reasons such as wheel track irregularities, violent vibration can be produced.The method of existing minimizing Wheel Rail Vibration and damping technology have all carried out destructive transformation to wheel itself, can affect the rigidity of wheel to some extent, produce hidden danger to traffic safety.
Damping-constraining formula material comprises damping layer and restraint layer two parts, damping material is pasted the ordinary elasticity material layer of one deck high-modulus as restraint layer.When there is vibration in constrained damping structure, middle viscoelasticity damping material generation detrusion, thus change vibrational energy into thermal energy consumption and dissipate, play vibration and noise reducing effect.Damping-constraining formula material is sticked on wheel web both sides, damping material generation deformation during unsteadiness of wheels, and the existence of restraint layer suppresses the deformation of damping material, adds the shearing deformation of damping material, consume vibrational energy larger, play the effect reducing wheel-rail noise.Also can introduce sound-absorbing porous material, have in described material and permitted multiply connected gap or bubble, during sound wave incident, the vibration that sound wave produces causes the air movement in aperture or gap, due to the viscosity resistance with hole wall or fiber surface friction and air, a part of acoustic energy changes heat energy into, makes SATT; Secondly, also constantly there is heat exchange between air and hole wall in aperture, also make sound energy attenuation, thus play Noise Reduction.
Chinese patent application CN201456921 discloses a kind of adhesive wheel noise reduction disc, comprise damping noise-reducing layer and metal level, connected by bonding agent, the another side of damping noise-reducing layer has bond layer, it is characterized in that metal level knot pastes rim for automobile wheel outer and has flanging, flanging width is 10-15mm; The shape of the laminating outer surface of noise reduction disc is consistent with fitted wheel spoke corresponding site shape.Although this adhesive wheel noise reduction disc can reduce the vibration between wheel track to a certain extent, the noise between wheel track cannot be absorbed.Be metal structure outside it, meeting reflective sound wave, still can pollute the environment of Along Railway.
Chinese patent application CN203770520 discloses a kind of porous damping-constraining formula vibration and noise reducing dish for rail traffic vehicles, comprise restraint layer and damping layer, restraint layer and damping layer are pasted by binding agent, restraint layer and damping layer are provided with multiple hole, it is characterized in that restraint layer and damping layer all adopt integral forming technique to process.Porous media has good absorbability for sound wave, decreases the weight of restraint layer, improves the effect of vibration and noise reducing.But, this noise reduction disc need arrange multiple hole on damping layer and restraint layer, although this technique can absorb sound wave, reduce restraint layer weight, but processing cost is higher, the overall bond area of noise reduction disc and wheel diminishes simultaneously, and security declines to some extent, in addition, the uneven disequilibrium that also can affect wheel entirety of distribution of pores.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of damping-constraining noise reducing plate, the present invention utilizes the sound absorption principle of constrained damping structure and porous material, the basis not destroying existing car wheel structure reduces wheel-rail noise during train operation, effectively can reduce the vibration with disc between wheel track, absorb the noise that Wheel Rail Vibration produces, balance is good.
The object of the invention is to be achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of damping-constraining noise reducing plate, it comprises damping layer (1), restraint layer (2) and sound absorbing layer (3) successively, and restraint layer (2) is arranged between damping layer (1) and sound absorbing layer (3);
Preferably, described damping layer thickness is 0.5mm ~ 3mm, and described restraint layer thickness is 1mm ~ 3mm, and described sound absorbing layer thickness is 0.5mm ~ 10mm.
Described damping layer (1) is the sheet material be made up of viscoplasticity macromolecular material;
Preferably, described viscoplasticity macromolecular material is selected from one or more in polyethylene foam-material, rubber expanded material, ethylene-vinyl acetate expanded material, acrylate expanded material, polyurethane foam material, polyvinyl-chloride foam material, polymethacrylates expanded material or PP foam material; Be more preferably acrylate expanded material.
Preferably, described restraint layer (2) is the sheet material be made up of rigid metallic material or rigid macromolecule material;
Preferably, described rigid metallic material be selected from steel, aluminium or copper one or more, be more preferably steel;
Preferably, described rigid macromolecule material be selected from polyformaldehyde, glass fiber enhanced nylon, polyphenylene sulfide, polyether-ether-ketone, Merlon or polyether sulfone one or more, be more preferably polyether-ether-ketone.
Preferably, described sound absorbing layer (3) sheet material for being made of porous materials;
Preferably, described porous material is the foamed sound-absorbing material of perforate;
Preferably, the pore diameter range of described porous material is 0.5 μm ~ 200 μm, and mean porosities is 30% ~ 70%;
Preferably, described porous material is selected from the one in acrylate foamed material, polyurethane foamed material, foam metal material or foam glass material.
Bond with binding agent between described damping layer (1) and restraint layer (2);
Preferably, described binding agent is esters of acrylic acid cementing agent; This adhesive is the adhesive with good weatherability properties, can tolerate the temperature of-40 ~ 70 DEG C, has certain ductility, and environment is medium-term and long-term did not out of doors lose efficacy.
Bond with binding agent between described restraint layer (2) and sound absorbing layer (3);
Preferably, described binding agent is esters of acrylic acid cementing agent; This binding agent is the adhesive with good weatherability properties, can tolerate the temperature of-40 ~ 50 DEG C, and acid resistance is good, and ultra-violet resistance can be good, and environment is medium-term and long-term did not out of doors lose efficacy.
The present invention also provides a kind of preparation method of described damping-constraining noise reducing plate, and this preparation method comprises the following steps:
Damping layer (1), restraint layer (2) and sound absorbing layer (3) are bonded by adhesive successively, wherein restraint layer (2) is arranged between damping layer (1) and sound absorbing layer (3); Then shape in punch process mode, to obtain final product.
Particularly, damping-constraining noise reducing plate of the present invention is divided into three-decker, i.e. damping layer, restraint layer and sound absorbing layer, and wherein damping layer is viscoplasticity macromolecular material; Restraint layer is rigid plate, and layer, except can adopting metal material, can also adopt rigid macromolecule material; Sound absorbing layer is open celled foam sound-absorbing material, can tolerate ultraviolet, weak acid, weak base and water, and the porous material that sound absorbing layer is selected has the feature of light weight and good weatherability, both can not increase the burden of wheel, can ensure that again long-term outdoor runs.
The mode that damping layer is pasted with sound absorbing layer adhesive with restraint layer, restraint layer is combined, the damping layer of noise reducing plate and application surface, such as wheel surface adhesive are pasted in use, outside restraint layer, add sound absorbing layer thus, the noise that Wheel Rail Contact produces can be absorbed.
Restraint layer and damping layer, restraint layer and sound absorbing layer are first used adhesives by the present invention, the damping-constraining formula sound absorption noise lowering board fitted with wheel web, rim size is shaped into again in punch process mode, each part Mass Distribution of described damping-constraining noise reducing plate can be made even, safer under high speed traveling.Damping layer (1), restraint layer (2) and sound absorbing layer (3) are bonded by adhesive successively, this adhesive is esters of acrylic acid cementing agent, there is good weatherability properties, the temperature of-40 ~ 70 DEG C can be tolerated, have certain ductility, environment is medium-term and long-term did not out of doors lose efficacy.The installation site of damping-constraining noise reducing plate of the present invention is the disc surface at wheel, and the part that damping-constraining formula noise reducing plate covers is by disc to wheel rim, and bonding area is large, noise reducing plate difficult drop-off.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has at least following beneficial effect: damping-constraining noise reducing plate of the present invention comprises damping layer, restraint layer and sound absorbing layer.Damping layer and restraint layer form constrained damping structure, effectively can reduce the vibration with disc between wheel track; Sound absorbing layer covers outside restraint layer, can absorb during wheel track runs the noise producing vibration and generation; Damping layer and restraint layer covering position are by disc to wheel rim, and entirety is symmetrical bonding centered by wheel shaft, and bond area is large, and balance is good.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Below, describe embodiment of the present invention in detail by reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein:
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of damping-constraining noise reducing plate of the present invention, and wherein, 1 represents damping layer, and 2 represent restraint layer, and 3 represent sound absorbing layer;
Fig. 2 is the installation site schematic diagram of damping-constraining noise reducing plate of the present invention on wheel.
Detailed description of the invention
Referring to specific embodiment, the present invention is described.It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that these embodiments are only for illustration of the present invention, its scope do not limited the present invention in any way.
The experimental technique of following embodiment, if no special instructions, is conventional method.Raw material used in following embodiment, reagent material etc., if no special instructions, be commercially available purchase product.
embodiment 1: noise reducing plate preparation of the present invention
1, raw material:
Steel plate (restraint layer), area is 800mm*800mm, and thickness is 2mm;
Polyurethane foam material (damping layer), area is 800mm*800mm, and thickness is 1.2mm;
Acrylate foamed material (sound absorbing layer), area 800mm*800mm, thickness 5mm, perforate, 0.5 μm, aperture, porosity 30%; Adhesive: acrylic ester adhesive.
2, preparation method:
(1) clean surface of steel plate, make surface of steel plate dry, remain without cleaning agent;
(2) evenly brush acrylic ester adhesive at surface of steel plate, polyurethane foam material is pasted onto surface of steel plate, after solidification, overturning steel plate, brush acrylic ester adhesive at opposite side surface of steel plate, acrylate foamed material is pasted onto surface of steel plate, solidification;
(3) after step (2) described surface of steel plate solidifies completely, be placed in by steel plate on punch press, the steel plate layer (sound absorbing layer) at acrylate foamed material place is downward, shaping with 120 ton force punching press 30 seconds.
embodiment 2: noise reducing plate preparation of the present invention
1, raw material:
Copper coin (restraint layer), area is 800mm*800mm, and thickness is 3mm;
Rubber expanded material (damping layer), area is 800mm*800mm, and thickness is 3mm;
Foam metal material (sound absorbing layer), area 800mm*800mm, thickness 10mm, perforate, 100 μm, aperture, porosity 50%;
Adhesive: acrylic ester adhesive.
2, preparation method:
(1) clean surface of steel plate, make surface of steel plate dry, remain without cleaning agent;
(2) evenly brush acrylic ester adhesive at surface of steel plate, polyurethane foam material is pasted onto surface of steel plate, after solidification, overturning steel plate, brush acrylic ester adhesive at opposite side surface of steel plate, acrylate foamed material is pasted onto surface of steel plate, solidification;
(3) after step (2) described surface of steel plate solidifies completely, be placed in by steel plate on punch press, the steel plate layer (sound absorbing layer) at acrylate foamed material place is downward, shaping with 120 ton force punching press 30 seconds.
embodiment 3: the performance test of damping-constraining formula noise reducing plate of the present invention
The damping-constraining formula noise reducing plate of above-mentioned preparation is installed to wheel former surface, the damping ratio of test overall (wheel with noise reducing plate) and acoustic absorptivity.
(1) restraint layer of the present invention, damping layer and sound absorbing layer thickness are on the impact of damping ratio and acoustic absorptivity, in table 1;
Table 1: restraint layer of the present invention, damping layer and sound absorbing layer thickness are on the impact of damping ratio and acoustic absorptivity:
The present invention is directed to the performance of damping-constraining formula noise reducing plate, consider the factor of damping ratio, acoustic absorptivity and noise reducing plate quality three aspect.Wherein, damping ratio can reflect the standardization damping size of structure, and wheel installs additional noise reducing plate and can increase high-wheeled damping ratio, damping ratio is larger, and the effect of vibration and noise reduction of corresponding noise reducing plate is better, and damping ratio should be greater than 0.60; Acoustic absorptivity reflects the absorption of damping-constraining formula noise reducing plate and reduces the ability of noise, and acoustic absorptivity is larger, noise reduction better, and acoustic absorptivity should be greater than 0.70.Noise reducing plate relationship between quality is to train unsprung mass, and unsprung mass is less, and travel safety is higher, and therefore the quality of noise reducing plate is no more than 5% of wheel mass, is about below 13.5kg, and the smaller the better.
As can be seen from Table 1, the thickness of damping layer and restraint layer is comparatively large on the impact of damping ratio, and the thickness of sound absorbing layer is comparatively large on acoustic absorptivity impact, and restraint layer thickness is larger to noise reducing plate quality influence.Restraint layer thickness is larger, and damping ratio is larger, and noise reducing plate quality is larger, and therefore restraint layer thickness need control within the specific limits, to ensure that the quality of noise reducing plate is less than 13.5kg.Damping layer thickness should have certain mating with restraint layer thickness, and thickness is too little then close to rigid structure body, and thickness is too large then close to free damping structure, all can not reach good effect of vibration and noise reduction.Acoustic absorptivity increases with sound absorbing layer thickness and increases, but when thickness is increased to a certain degree, acoustic absorptivity almost no longer increases, and in upper table data, when sound absorbing layer thickness is greater than 10mm, acoustic absorptivity does not significantly promote.As can be seen from the table, organize 1, organize the combination property optimum of 2 and group 3.
(2) porosity of porous material of the present invention is on the impact on material acoustic absorptivity and mechanical property, in table 2;
Table 2: porosity of the present invention is on the impact of material acoustic absorptivity and mechanical property:
Porosity (%) Acoustic absorptivity (100Hz ~ 5kHz) Mechanical property (hot strength/elongation at break)
10 0.14 15.53MPa/672％
20 0.20 16.14MPa/695％
30 0.46 15.87MPa/604％
40 0.58 14.17MPa/582％
50 0.64 13.36MPa/477％
60 0.71 12.10MPa/409％
70 0.79 10.29MPa/329％
80 0.82 6.85MPa/187％
90 0.86 3.22MPa/98％
The sound absorbing layer of damping-constraining noise reducing plate needs towards external environment, and this mechanical property, wearability, corrosion resistance and durability that noise reducing plate will be asked to have possessed, can bear high-speed wind power and extreme natural environment; For porous material, porosity is larger, and acoustic absorptivity is larger, but mechanical property, wearability, corrosion resistance, durability are poorer.
The present invention finds through lot of experiments, and when the porosity of sound absorbing layer material (0 ~ 20%), acoustic absorptivity is less and increases slowly, and increases along with porosity, and after 30%, acoustic absorptivity significantly increases, and amplification eases up subsequently; But along with the continuation of porosity increases, mechanical property is then on a declining curve, especially porosity more than 70% after, mechanical property declines to a great extent.As can be seen from Table 2, the present invention is greater than 10MPa and acoustic absorptivity using hot strength and is greater than 0.4 and screens as the performance requirement of sound absorbing layer material, and the porous sound absorbing material property of porosity 30% ~ 70% is optimum.
In a word, above specific description of embodiments of the present invention does not limit the present invention, and those skilled in the art can make various change or distortion according to the present invention, only otherwise depart from spirit of the present invention, all should belong to the scope of claims of the present invention.

Claims (5)

1. a damping-constraining noise reducing plate, it comprises damping layer (1), restraint layer (2) and sound absorbing layer (3) successively, and restraint layer (2) is arranged between damping layer (1) and sound absorbing layer (3);
Preferably, described damping layer thickness is 0.5mm ~ 3mm, and described restraint layer thickness is 1mm ~ 3mm, and described sound absorbing layer thickness is 0.5mm ~ 10mm.
2. damping-constraining noise reducing plate according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described damping layer (1) is the sheet material be made up of viscoplasticity macromolecular material;
Preferably, described viscoplasticity macromolecular material is selected from one or more in polyethylene foam-material, rubber expanded material, ethylene-vinyl acetate expanded material, acrylate expanded material, polyurethane foam material, polyvinyl-chloride foam material, polymethacrylates expanded material or PP foam material; Be more preferably acrylate expanded material;
Preferably, described restraint layer (2) is the sheet material be made up of rigid metallic material or rigid macromolecule material;
Preferably, described rigid metallic material be selected from steel, aluminium and copper one or more, be more preferably steel;
Preferably, described rigid macromolecule material is selected from one or more in polyformaldehyde, glass fiber enhanced nylon, polyphenylene sulfide, polyether-ether-ketone, Merlon and polyether sulfone; Be more preferably polyether-ether-ketone;
Preferably, described sound absorbing layer (3) sheet material for being made of porous materials;
Preferably, described porous material is the foamed sound-absorbing material of perforate;
Preferably, the pore diameter range of described porous material is 0.5 μm ~ 200 μm, and mean porosities is 30% ~ 70%;
Preferably, described porous material is selected from the one in acrylate foamed material, polyurethane foamed material, foam metal material and foam glass material.
3. damping-constraining noise reducing plate according to claim 1 or 2, is characterized in that, bonds between described damping layer (1) and restraint layer (2) with binding agent;
Preferably, described binding agent is esters of acrylic acid cementing agent.
4. damping-constraining noise reducing plate according to any one of claims 1 to 3, is characterized in that, in damping-constraining noise reducing plate, bonds between restraint layer (2) and sound absorbing layer (3) with binding agent;
Preferably, described binding agent is esters of acrylic acid cementing agent.
5. the preparation method of damping-constraining noise reducing plate according to any one of Claims 1-4, this preparation method comprises the following steps:
Damping layer (1), restraint layer (2) and sound absorbing layer (3) are bonded by adhesive successively, wherein restraint layer (2) is arranged between damping layer (1) and sound absorbing layer (3); Then shape in punch process mode, to obtain final product.
CN201510828831.2A 2015-11-25 2015-11-25 A kind of damping-constraining noise reducing plate and preparation method thereof Active CN105415770B (en)

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CN106393909A (en) * 2016-08-31 2017-02-15 西安立远新材料科技开发有限公司 High damping composite plate
CN106626960A (en) * 2016-10-31 2017-05-10 马钢(集团)控股有限公司 Low-noise wheel for rail transit vehicle and manufacturing method for low-noise wheel
CN107553801A (en) * 2017-09-18 2018-01-09 滁州市永通交通设备有限公司 A kind of preparation method of double-decker train outer hood elastomeric material
CN111225805A (en) * 2017-10-19 2020-06-02 横滨橡胶株式会社 Pneumatic tire
CN111511540A (en) * 2017-12-06 2020-08-07 赛峰航空器发动机 Coating with property gradient for turbine engine inner wall
CN112267588A (en) * 2020-10-26 2021-01-26 中国建筑第七工程局有限公司 Noise reduction structure for building outer wall

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CN201456921U (en) * 2009-05-18 2010-05-12 哈尔滨通达工业环保自动化有限公司 Adhesive wheel noise reduction disc
CN103971670A (en) * 2014-05-14 2014-08-06 上海夸耶特新材料科技有限公司 Noise absorption and insulation composite board

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CN201456921U (en) * 2009-05-18 2010-05-12 哈尔滨通达工业环保自动化有限公司 Adhesive wheel noise reduction disc
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106393909A (en) * 2016-08-31 2017-02-15 西安立远新材料科技开发有限公司 High damping composite plate
CN106626960A (en) * 2016-10-31 2017-05-10 马钢(集团)控股有限公司 Low-noise wheel for rail transit vehicle and manufacturing method for low-noise wheel
CN107553801A (en) * 2017-09-18 2018-01-09 滁州市永通交通设备有限公司 A kind of preparation method of double-decker train outer hood elastomeric material
CN107553801B (en) * 2017-09-18 2019-11-15 滁州市永通交通设备有限公司 A kind of preparation method of double-layer structure train outer hood rubber material
CN111225805A (en) * 2017-10-19 2020-06-02 横滨橡胶株式会社 Pneumatic tire
CN111225805B (en) * 2017-10-19 2022-08-26 横滨橡胶株式会社 Pneumatic tire
CN111511540A (en) * 2017-12-06 2020-08-07 赛峰航空器发动机 Coating with property gradient for turbine engine inner wall
CN112267588A (en) * 2020-10-26 2021-01-26 中国建筑第七工程局有限公司 Noise reduction structure for building outer wall

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