CN105411980A - Black mulberry hair dye and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Black mulberry hair dye and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN105411980A CN105411980A CN201510956477.1A CN201510956477A CN105411980A CN 105411980 A CN105411980 A CN 105411980A CN 201510956477 A CN201510956477 A CN 201510956477A CN 105411980 A CN105411980 A CN 105411980A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- solvent
- percent
- hair dye
- black
- deionized water
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
- A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
- A61K8/96—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing materials, or derivatives thereof of undetermined constitution
- A61K8/98—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing materials, or derivatives thereof of undetermined constitution of animal origin
- A61K8/987—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing materials, or derivatives thereof of undetermined constitution of animal origin of species other than mammals or birds
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
- A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
- A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
- A61K8/40—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing nitrogen
- A61K8/42—Amides
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
- A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
- A61K8/96—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing materials, or derivatives thereof of undetermined constitution
- A61K8/97—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing materials, or derivatives thereof of undetermined constitution from algae, fungi, lichens or plants; from derivatives thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
- A61Q5/00—Preparations for care of the hair
- A61Q5/10—Preparations for permanently dyeing the hair
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K2800/00—Properties of cosmetic compositions or active ingredients thereof or formulation aids used therein and process related aspects
- A61K2800/40—Chemical, physico-chemical or functional or structural properties of particular ingredients
- A61K2800/42—Colour properties
- A61K2800/43—Pigments; Dyes
- A61K2800/432—Direct dyes
- A61K2800/4324—Direct dyes in preparations for permanently dyeing the hair
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K2800/00—Properties of cosmetic compositions or active ingredients thereof or formulation aids used therein and process related aspects
- A61K2800/70—Biological properties of the composition as a whole
- A61K2800/72—Hypo-allergenic
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K2800/00—Properties of cosmetic compositions or active ingredients thereof or formulation aids used therein and process related aspects
- A61K2800/80—Process related aspects concerning the preparation of the cosmetic composition or the storage or application thereof
- A61K2800/88—Two- or multipart kits
- A61K2800/884—Sequential application
Abstract
The invention relates to a black mulberry hair dye. The black mulberry hair dye is prepared from a solvent A, a solvent B and a solvent C, wherein the solvent A is a reducing agent, the solvent b is a developing agent and a solvent C is a pigment agent; the solvent A is prepared from 3 percent to 8 percent of cysteine, 0 to 3 percent of hydroxyethyl cellulose and the balance of de-ionized water; the pH value of the solvent A is 8 to 12; the solvent B is prepared from 2 percent to 20 percent of iron salt, 2 percent to 20 percent of ferrous salt, 2 percent to 20 percent of azone, 0.5 percent to 3 percent of sodium sulfite and the balance of the de-ionized water; the solvent C is prepared from 10 percent to 20 percent of black mulberries, 3 percent to 10 percent of polygonum multiflorum, 1 percent to 4 percent of gallnuts, 0.5 percent to 1 percent of an emulsifying auxiliary agent N-(4-amino-4 minute-fluorobiphenyl-3-yl)-4-(1-amniocyclopropaneacylamino)benzamide and the balance of the de-ionized water. The black mulberry hair dye takes a natural plant extract as main component of the hair dye and does not contain chemical substances including anilines, strong oxidants and the like, so that the black mulberry hair dye is natural and has no toxin; blue-black and purple-black phenomena and the like caused by the fact that hairs are dyed by certain hair dyes are avoided; furthermore, nutritional ingredients are added so as to promote the hairs to absorb nutrients, and the hairs are more smooth.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to cosmetic field, specifically, the present invention relates to a kind of black sorosis hair dye and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
At present, hair dye becomes the product that in cosmetic field, sales volume is the highest, and the annual retail sales of global hair dye is more than 7,000,000,000 dollars.At present, China silver hair consumer group nearly 6,000 ten thousand, and along with the aging of Chinese people mouth structure, its quantity also will expand further, and therefore, domestic hair dye market is also increased rapidly in recent years.
At present, most of hair dye is oxide hair dye, and its primary raw material is Phenylenediamine and diphenol compounds, through the oxidation of hydrogen peroxide or perborate or percarbonate etc., thus the colors such as display black.But oxidative hair dyes, due to containing toxic chemical substance, has certain infringement to hair, and easily irritated, cause the discomfort such as red swelling of the skin, twinge, life-time service even can cause canceration.
Therefore, in recent years, nontoxic natural plant dyeing agent has become the research and development focus of people.Such as, US4801302 discloses a kind of hair dye containing Lignum Sappan and mantoquita on January 31st, 1989; It take red sorghum pigment as the hair dye of dyestuff that CN120999ZA describes a kind of; CN101167689A describes a kind of with the Chinese herbal medicine such as Galla Chinensis, Melanteritum, Radix Polygoni Multiflori, Fructus Mori and the formulated hair dye of Chinese liquor; CN101164528A describes a kind of natural hair dye adopting plant pigment catechu to prepare.Adopt these hair dye non-toxic and safe, but also exist pigment dye-uptake low, not wash resistant, color and luster nature etc. shortcoming.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of black sorosis hair dye.
In order to realize object of the present invention, the invention provides a kind of black sorosis hair dye, comprise the A solvent of equal in quality, B solvent and C solvent, described A solvent is reducing agent, and described B solvent is developer, and described C solvent is pigment agent,
Described A solvent comprises the component of following mass percent: cysteine 3 ~ 8%, hydroxyethyl-cellulose 0 ~ 3% and surplus are deionized water, and the pH of described A solvent is 8 ~ 12;
Described B solvent comprises the component of following mass percent: iron salt 2 ~ 20%, ferrous salt 2 ~ 20%, azone 2 ~ 20%, sodium sulfite 0.5 ~ 3% and surplus are deionized water;
Described C solvent comprises the component of following mass percent: black sorosis 10 ~ 20%, Radix Polygoni Multiflori 3 ~ 10%, Galla Chinensis 1 ~ 4%, emulsion adjuvant N-(4-amino-4 '-fluorine xenyl-3-base)-4-(1-amino-cyclopropane amide groups) benzamide 0.5 ~ 1% and surplus are deionized water.
Preferably: the cysteine described in described A solvent can be replaced by TGA.
Preferably: the iron salt described in described B solvent is iron chloride, iron sulfate or ferric nitrate.
Preferably: the ferrous salt described in described B solvent is ferrous chloride, ferrous sulfate or ferrous nitrate.
Preferably: adding hydroxyethyl-cellulose in described B solvent is thickening agent.
The present invention also provides the preparation method of described black sorosis hair dye, it is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation of A solvent: by cysteine, sodium hydroxide, hydroxyethyl-cellulose mixing, then add deionized water to 100%, be stirred to and dissolve completely, check after room temperature, pack;
(2) preparation of B solvent: iron salt, ferrous salt, azone and sodium sulfite are mixed, then adds deionized water to 100%, heat to 40 DEG C, be stirred to and be dissolved into transparent homogeneous system completely, be then cooled to room temperature, finally check, pack;
(3) preparation of C solvent: by black for natural plants sorosis, Radix Polygoni Multiflori, Galla Chinensis Homogeneous phase mixing, pulverize, add deionized water by its submergence, heat to 40 ~ 60 DEG C, add emulsion adjuvant N-(4-amino-4 '-fluorine xenyl-3-base)-4-(1-amino-cyclopropane amide groups) benzamide, stir 24 hours, filter and remove residue, then in filtrate, add deionized water to 100% while stirring, be cooled to room temperature, finally check, pack.
The present invention also provides N-(4-amino-4 '-fluorine xenyl-3-base)-4-(1-amino-cyclopropane amide groups) benzamide being used as the purposes in emulsion adjuvant.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is: the present invention adopts natural plant extracts to be hair dye main component, not containing the chemical substance such as phenyl amines, strong oxidizer, and Nantural non-toxic.The hair dye that the present invention obtains can infiltrate hair preferably, and dyeing speed is very fast, and dye-uptake is greater than 30%; Washing fastness is good, can resistance toly soap about 10 times after dye; After dye, color development be nature black, presents blue-black, the purple phenomenon such as black after effectively prevent some hair dye dye; And owing to adding nutritional labeling, promote that hair absorbs nutrition, make hair quality submissiveer.
State Food and Drug Administration's examination & approval original name: " precious thatched cottage herbal essences cream rinse ", only has a color natural black, the special word G20100679 of state's adornment is the hair dye uniquely containing " herbal essences " printed words in name of State Food and Drug Administration's approval.
Plant component contained by the plant antiallergic series of precious thatched cottage has black sorosis, Radix Polygoni Multiflori, Galla Chinensis extract.
Black sorosis: there is the liver and the kidney tonifying, black hair improving eyesight, anticancer antioxidation.
Radix Polygoni Multiflori: invigorating the liver and kidney, black beard and hair, the secretion of adjusting head Intradermal, the immunity of raising scalp.
Galla Chinensis: natural dye, black hair, improves scalp immunity, suppresses irritated
Precious thatched cottage plant antiallergic series is three doses of dresses, every agent 60 grams, totally 180 grams.Different from other hair dye using method, three doses of difference use successively.
The feature of precious thatched cottage plant antiallergic series: three dresses; Pioneering antiallergic technology, aims at irritated personage development; The herbal essences cream rinse of the unique approval of country.
This series is plant hair dyeing core science and technology, aims at irritated personage development, and the operating time slightly long (2-3 hour), non-irritated personage does not advise selecting.
Detailed description of the invention
Below by way of the description of detailed description of the invention, the invention will be further described, but this is not limitation of the present invention, those skilled in the art are according to basic thought of the present invention, various amendment or improvement can be made, but only otherwise depart from basic thought of the present invention, all within the scope of the present invention.
The black sorosis hair dye of embodiment 1 the present invention
Described A agent is obtained by following method: get cysteine 5 kilograms, hydroxyethyl-cellulose 1.5 kilograms, add deionized water 93.5 kilograms, uses sodium hydroxide that pH is adjusted to 10, stirs 30 minutes.
Described B agent is obtained by following method: the deionized water getting 10 kilograms, iron chloride, ferrous chloride 10 kilograms, azone 10 kilograms, sodium sulfite 2 kilograms and 38 kilograms, stirs 30 minutes.
Described C agent is obtained by following method: get black sorosis 15 kilograms, Radix Polygoni Multiflori 6 kilograms and Galla Chinensis 3 kilograms, add the deionized water of 25 kilograms, heating 3 hours under the condition of backflow, filter, in filtrate, add emulsion adjuvant N-(4-amino-4 '-fluorine xenyl-3-base)-4-(1-amino-cyclopropane amide groups) benzamide 1 kilogram, and supplement the deionized water of 50 kilograms, stir 30 minutes.
By described A agent, described B agent and described C agent mix homogeneously.
The black sorosis hair dye of embodiment 2 the present invention
Be prepared according to identical mode in embodiment 1, difference is not use N-(4-amino-4 '-fluorine xenyl-3-base)-4-(1-amino-cyclopropane amide groups) benzamide.
Test example
Bleached hair technique
From the women population at 50 25 years old ages, collect hair color, equal long hair is without boiling hot dye.In order to make it be convenient to observe in the change of dyeing front and back, need to be bleached before carrying out experiment.By hair sample shampoo washes, dry, employing bleaching liquid is: hydrogen peroxide (30%) 20 % by weight, ethanolamine 9 % by weight, Ammonium persulfate. 12 % by weight, water is surplus, continuous Glass rod stirs therebetween, and twice bleaching, each soak time is 1.5h.Subsequently by a large amount of distilled water flushing of Hair grooming after bleaching, and at room temperature natural drying.Hair after bleaching is divided into three parts.
Staining
For the black sorosis hair dye of embodiment 1, get the hair 0.6g after bleaching, with the small brushes of softness, 6g hair dye is evenly applied on hair, at room temperature keeps 0.5h; Rinse well, dry up, place 0.5h with after preservative film parcel at 343K baking oven; Take out subsequently, rinse well, dry up.For the black sorosis hair dye of embodiment 2, use identical staining.Blank group no dyeing.
The sign of hair dyeing effect
Color feature value L* after hair-dyeing, a*, b*, c*, h* and color depth K/S adopt ColorEye7000A color management system (GeminiBV, GretagMacbethcompany, USA) to measure, and adopt CIE standard light source D65 and 10 °.Data under visual field calculate.Wherein L* represents lightness, and black lightness is minimum, and white lightness is the highest, is dispersed with different Lycoperdon polymorphum Vitt therebetween; A* represents the colo r index between redness to green, redness be on the occasion of, green is negative value; B* represents the colo r index between blueness to yellow, and blueness is negative value, yellow be on the occasion of; C* represents saturation, and the vividness of the larger then color of c* is higher; H* represents form and aspect, is the color angle between 0-360 °, and 0-90 ° is red, orange and yellow, and 90-180 ° is yellow, yellow green and green, and 180-270 ° is green, cyan and blueness, and 270-360 ° is blueness, purple, carmetta and redness.The reflection of solid sample or the maximum absorption wavelength of transmitted spectrum calculate color depth (K/S) value of Kullbelka-Munk function, and larger by the K/S value calculated, then solid sample color is darker.Color sees the following form
As seen from the above table, emulsion adjuvant of the present invention can produce useful effect.
Claims (7)
1. a black sorosis hair dye, comprises the A solvent of equal in quality, B solvent and C solvent, and described A solvent is reducing agent, and described B solvent is developer, and described C solvent is pigment agent, it is characterized in that:
Described A solvent comprises the component of following mass percent: cysteine 3 ~ 8%, hydroxyethyl-cellulose 0 ~ 3% and surplus are deionized water, and the pH of described A solvent is 8 ~ 12;
Described B solvent comprises the component of following mass percent: iron salt 2 ~ 20%, ferrous salt 2 ~ 20%, azone 2 ~ 20%, sodium sulfite 0.5 ~ 3% and surplus are deionized water;
Described C solvent comprises the component of following mass percent: black sorosis 10 ~ 20%, Radix Polygoni Multiflori 3 ~ 10%, Galla Chinensis 1 ~ 4%, emulsion adjuvant N-(4-amino-4 '-fluorine xenyl-3-base)-4-(1-amino-cyclopropane amide groups) benzamide 0.5 ~ 1% and surplus are deionized water.
2. black sorosis hair dye according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the cysteine described in described A solvent can be replaced by TGA.
3. black sorosis hair dye according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the iron salt described in described B solvent is iron chloride, iron sulfate or ferric nitrate.
4. black sorosis hair dye according to claim 3, is characterized in that: the ferrous salt described in described B solvent is ferrous chloride, ferrous sulfate or ferrous nitrate.
5. black sorosis hair dye according to claim 4, is characterized in that: adding hydroxyethyl-cellulose in described B solvent is thickening agent.
6. the preparation method of the black sorosis hair dye described in any one of claim 1-5, is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
(1) preparation of A solvent: by cysteine, sodium hydroxide, hydroxyethyl-cellulose mixing, then add deionized water to 100%, be stirred to and dissolve completely, check after room temperature, pack;
(2) preparation of B solvent: iron salt, ferrous salt, azone and sodium sulfite are mixed, then adds deionized water to 100%, heat to 40 DEG C, be stirred to and be dissolved into transparent homogeneous system completely, be then cooled to room temperature, finally check, pack;
(3) preparation of C solvent: by black for natural plants sorosis, Radix Polygoni Multiflori, Galla Chinensis Homogeneous phase mixing, pulverize, add deionized water by its submergence, heat to 40 ~ 60 DEG C, add emulsion adjuvant N mono-(4-amino-4,-fluorine xenyl-3-base)-4-(1-amino-cyclopropane amide groups) benzamide, stir 24 hours, filter and remove residue, then adds deionized water to 100% while stirring in filtrate, be cooled to room temperature, finally check, pack.
7.N-(4-amino-4 '-fluorine xenyl-3-base)-4-(1-amino-cyclopropane amide groups) benzamide is being used as the purposes in emulsion adjuvant.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201510956477.1A CN105411980A (en) | 2015-12-21 | 2015-12-21 | Black mulberry hair dye and preparation method thereof |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201510956477.1A CN105411980A (en) | 2015-12-21 | 2015-12-21 | Black mulberry hair dye and preparation method thereof |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN105411980A true CN105411980A (en) | 2016-03-23 |
Family
ID=55490839
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201510956477.1A Pending CN105411980A (en) | 2015-12-21 | 2015-12-21 | Black mulberry hair dye and preparation method thereof |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN105411980A (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108785182A (en) * | 2018-09-02 | 2018-11-13 | 江南大学 | A kind of natural hair dye and its hair colouring methods prepared using Pigments of Hippophae Rhamnoides L |
| CN110974752A (en) * | 2019-12-31 | 2020-04-10 | 九州益华(上海)生物科技有限公司 | Novel plant hair dye and preparation method thereof |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102803204A (en) * | 2009-06-08 | 2012-11-28 | 吉利德科学股份有限公司 | Cycloalkylcarbamate benzamide aniline HDAC inhibitor compounds |
| CN103202795A (en) * | 2013-04-10 | 2013-07-17 | 济南益正生物科技有限公司 | Walnut peel hair dye and preparation method thereof |
-
2015
- 2015-12-21 CN CN201510956477.1A patent/CN105411980A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102803204A (en) * | 2009-06-08 | 2012-11-28 | 吉利德科学股份有限公司 | Cycloalkylcarbamate benzamide aniline HDAC inhibitor compounds |
| CN103202795A (en) * | 2013-04-10 | 2013-07-17 | 济南益正生物科技有限公司 | Walnut peel hair dye and preparation method thereof |
| CN103494753A (en) * | 2013-04-10 | 2014-01-08 | 济南益正生物科技有限公司 | Black mulberry hair dye and preparation method thereof |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| 抒宇: "《做一个芳香美人：芳香女人修身秘籍》", 31 January 2011, 哈尔滨出版社 * |
| 易忠跃: "中草药化妆品", 《精细化工》 * |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108785182A (en) * | 2018-09-02 | 2018-11-13 | 江南大学 | A kind of natural hair dye and its hair colouring methods prepared using Pigments of Hippophae Rhamnoides L |
| CN108785182B (en) * | 2018-09-02 | 2021-05-14 | 江南大学 | Natural hair dye prepared from seabuckthorn pigment and hair dyeing method thereof |
| CN110974752A (en) * | 2019-12-31 | 2020-04-10 | 九州益华(上海)生物科技有限公司 | Novel plant hair dye and preparation method thereof |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| TWI522128B (en) | Hair dye products | |
| CN102258438A (en) | Use of tea polyphenol and/or tea pigment as dye and product of tea polyphenol and/or tea pigment | |
| CN100563627C (en) | Inoxidability permanent natural black hair-dyeing and preparation method thereof | |
| CN109330939A (en) | A kind of botanical hair dye | |
| CN103494753A (en) | Black mulberry hair dye and preparation method thereof | |
| CN105596228B (en) | A kind of oxidized form colouring compositions | |
| CN105997555B (en) | It is a kind of that the dyeing pomade and preparation method thereof to fade can be washed with warm water | |
| CN103006514A (en) | Rapid vegetal hair dyeing agent integrating washing with dyeing | |
| CN102198058A (en) | Herbal hair dye | |
| CN103932959A (en) | Hair moistening and dyeing paste as well as preparation method and application thereof | |
| CN105411980A (en) | Black mulberry hair dye and preparation method thereof | |
| CN111407709A (en) | Natural hair dye adopting plant hair dye powder and preparation method thereof | |
| CN105040481B (en) | Printing paste containing laccaic acid pigment and printing technology thereof | |
| CN114425027A (en) | Hair dye and preparation method thereof | |
| CN101390819B (en) | Natural plant dyeing agent and application method thereof | |
| CN101222910A (en) | Composition for hairdye comprising mulberry, mulberry leaves or mori radicis cortex | |
| CN104622727A (en) | Henna natural hair dye | |
| CN115919663A (en) | Hair dyeing essential oil and preparation method thereof | |
| CN105193639A (en) | Plant hair dye and preparation method and use method thereof | |
| CN105534785B (en) | A kind of colouring compositions containing natural plant composition | |
| EP4023303A1 (en) | Hair dyeing method | |
| CN107789241A (en) | Hair film composition with hair care colour fixation and preparation method thereof | |
| CN108096156A (en) | A kind of garden balsam pure plant hair dye and preparation method thereof | |
| CN1209992A (en) | Hair dyeing agent with sorghum red as dyestuff | |
| CN106074201A (en) | A kind of eyebrow tattooing dye liquor and preparation method |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication |
Application publication date: 20160323 |
|
| RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication |