CN105410058B - 一种菜青虫杀虫剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开一种菜青虫杀虫剂及其制备方法,属植物保护技术领域。该菜青虫杀虫剂由以下质量份组分混合制成:虎掌草母液4份、青蒿母液2份、黄花烟叶母液2份、石灰水1份、食盐水1份、清水6份。本发明菜青虫杀虫剂能有效防治蔬菜上菜青虫的发生,防治效果高,其防效达到82.4~91%。本发明菜青虫杀虫剂在蔬菜上实施后无毒、无残留,对保护生态环境,人体健康具有重要意义,且原料易获得,制备方法简单,防治成本低。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于植物保护技术领域,更具体涉及叶菜类蔬菜菜青虫的杀虫剂及其制备方法。
背景技术
菜青虫,是严重危害叶菜类蔬菜的害虫,每年惊蜇后,都会在蔬菜上爆发,轻者造成缺刻、孔洞,重者往往造成绝收。因此,从蔬菜播种出苗后到采收期,长达80~90天时间里,蔬菜都暴露在菜青虫的危害下,需要对蔬菜进行有效保护。目前,蔬菜上菜青虫防治方法,主要依靠化学农药防治。能有效防治菜青虫的化学农药也很多,使用药剂有氟虫双酰胺、唑虫酰胺、虫螨腈·甲维盐、阿维菌素等,这些化学农药对蔬菜上的菜青虫有防治作用。但是,这些化学农药在使用过程中仍存在一些问题,首先是高毒性、高残留问题,这些化学农药的使用,造成有害物质在植物体内、水中及土壤中富集,一部分有害化学成分通过物质循环进入农作物及人、畜体内,特别是近年来使用量越来越大,对农产品及生态环境造成极大威胁,从而危害人体健康,引发各种疾病;其次是防治成本高,这些种类的化学杀虫剂平均每亩的防治成本在25元以上。因此,寻找一种对环境、人体安全,绿色的防治菜青虫杀虫剂具有重要意义。
本发明利用田野间易找到的几种植物:虎掌草、青蒿、黄花烟,按适宜的比例配成制剂,防治严重危害叶菜类蔬菜的菜青虫。所述虎掌草(Radix Anemones Rivularis)为毛茛科,属双子叶植物,主要成分为黄酮甙、皂甙、内酯、甾醇、甾体皂甙,性味辛、苦,寒。具有清热解毒,镇咳祛痰,活血舒筋等功效。主要用于治疗咽喉肿痛,咳嗽痰多,瘰疬,结核,痈疽肿毒,疟疾,风湿痛,胃痛,痢疾,跌打损伤。青蒿(Artemisia carvifolia)为菊科,属草本植物,主要成分为黄酮类、香豆素类、帖类、苯丙酸类和挥发油,具有清热解暑,除蒸,截疟等功效。主要用于治疗暑邪发热,阴虚发热,夜热早凉,骨蒸劳热,疟疾寒热,湿热黄疸。黄花烟(Nicotianal rustica L)为茄科,属草本植物,主要成分为烟碱、游离碱、草酸、琥珀酸,除用作烟草外,也可作植物杀虫剂。
发明内容
为解决现有技术对严重危害叶菜类蔬菜的菜青虫,主要依靠化学农药防治,存在高毒性、高残留,造成对生态环境极大威胁和污染,危害人体健康的技术问题,本发明提供一种成本较低、无毒性、无残留、防效高的菜青虫杀虫剂及其制备方法。
本发明的技术方案如下:
1.一种菜青虫杀虫剂,按每份以质量为单位的以下组分组成:
虎掌草母液4份,青蒿母液2份,黄花烟叶母液2份,石灰水1份,食盐水1份,清水6份。
2.根据技术方案1所述的一种菜青虫杀虫剂,所述虎掌草母液是将虎掌草碎片50份放入100份清水中浸泡1小时,过滤取汁液为虎掌草母液;所述青蒿母液是将青蒿碎片50份放入100份清水中浸泡1小时,过滤取汁液为青蒿母液;所述黄花烟叶母液是将黄花烟叶碎片10份放入100份清水中浸泡1小时,过滤取汁液为黄花烟叶母液;所述石灰水是将石灰0.2份放入100份清水中搅拌均匀,取其澄清液为石灰水;所述食盐水是将食盐2份放入98份清水中搅拌均匀为食盐水。
3.技术方案1所述的一种菜青虫杀虫剂的制备方法:包括以下步骤:
(1)原材料选择及处理
取新鲜的虎掌草、新鲜的青蒿和晒干的黄花烟叶分别切成碎片;
(2)制备母液,每份以质量为单位,
①将虎掌草碎片50份放入100份清水中浸泡1小时,过滤取汁液为虎掌草母液,备用;
②将青蒿碎片50份放入100份清水中浸泡1小时,过滤取汁液为青蒿母液,备用;
③将黄花烟叶碎片10份放入100份清水中浸泡1小时,过滤取汁液为黄花烟叶母液,备用;
④将石灰0.2份放入100份清水中搅拌均匀,取其澄清液为石灰水,备用;
⑤将食盐2份放入98份清水中搅拌均匀为食盐水,备用;
(3)菜青虫杀虫剂的制备
每份以质量为单位,称取将步骤(2)制备的各母液,其中称取虎掌草母液4份,青蒿母液2份,黄花烟叶母液2份,石灰水1份,食盐水1份,与清水6份混合即为菜青虫杀虫剂。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果:
1、本发明菜青虫杀虫剂,能有效防治蔬菜上菜青虫的发生,防治效果高,其防效达到82.4~91%。
2、本发明菜青虫杀虫剂,在蔬菜上实施后无毒、无残留,对保护生态环境,人体健康具有重要意义。
3、本发明菜青虫杀虫剂,在防治菜青虫的过程中,能淘汰剧毒农药的使用,能降低人力、物力、财力的重复性投入。
4、本发明菜青虫杀虫剂及其制备方法原料易获得,制备方法简单,其植物原料在田野间都易于找到,能显著低防治成本。
5、本发明菜青虫杀虫剂及其制备方法有利于节能、环保和再生资源的利用,而且易大面积推广应用,对蔬菜增产潜力大。
6、本发明菜青虫杀虫剂及其制备方法在菜青虫防治上为无公害农业的发展推广提供了一种新思路,也为菜青虫的常规防治措施提供了一种新理念,新方法。
具体实施方式
以下实施例所用原料均能购买到。以下实施例无特殊说明为常规方法。
实施例1本发明菜青虫杀虫剂的配方
本发明菜青虫杀虫剂由每份以质量为单位的以下组分组成:
虎掌草母液4份,青蒿母液2份,黄花烟叶母液2份,石灰水1份,食盐水1份,清水6份;所述虎掌草母液是将虎掌草碎片50份放入100份清水中浸泡1小时,过滤取汁液为虎掌草母液;所述青蒿母液是将青蒿碎片50份放入100份清水中浸泡1小时,过滤取汁液为青蒿母液;所述黄花烟叶母液是将黄花烟叶碎片10份放入100份清水中浸泡1小时,过滤取汁液为黄花烟叶母液;所述石灰水是将石灰0.2份放入100份清水中搅拌均匀,取其澄清液为石灰水;所述食盐水是将食盐2份放入98份清水中搅拌均匀为食盐水。
实施例2本发明菜青虫杀虫剂的制备方法
本发明菜青虫杀虫剂的制备包括以下步骤:
(1)原材料选择及处理
取新鲜的虎掌草、新鲜的青蒿分别切成0.5cm×0.5cm大小的碎片,取黄花烟叶晒干并切成0.5cm×0.5cm大小的碎片,所晒干的黄花烟叶的含水量在18%以下。
(2)制备母液,每份以质量单位计:
①将虎掌草碎片50份放入100份清水中浸泡1小时,过滤取汁液为虎掌草母液,备用;
②将青蒿碎片50份放入100份清水中浸泡1小时,过滤取汁液为青蒿母液,备用;
③将黄花烟叶碎片10份放入100份清水中浸泡1小时,过滤取汁液为黄花烟叶母液,备用;
④将石灰0.2份放入100份清水中搅拌均匀,取其澄清液为石灰水,备用;
⑤将食盐2份放入98份清水中搅拌均匀为食盐水,备用;
(3)菜青虫杀虫剂的制备
每份以质量单位计,称取步骤(2)制备的各母液,其中,称取虎掌草母液4份,青蒿母液2份,黄花烟叶母液2份,石灰水1份,食盐水1份,与清水6份混合即为菜青虫杀虫剂。
实施例3本发明菜青虫杀虫剂在防治菜青虫上的应用
用喷雾器将实施例2所制备的菜青虫杀虫剂直接喷雾到正在发生菜青虫危害的蔬菜上。
试验效果:
试验于2013,2014年连续两年在同一地点不同地块进行,试验地位于云南省文山州富宁县木央镇睦伦村委会那滚小组。试验设计和方法连续两年均相同。在菜青虫一、二龄幼虫占80%以上时期进行试验,2013年及2014年药效试验时间为5月23日。
试验设5个处理:
处理1为本发明菜青虫杀虫剂,各组分质量份为:虎掌草母液4份、青蒿母液2份、黄花烟叶母液2份、石灰水1份、食盐水1份、清水6份。
处理2:各组分及其配比为:虎掌草母液:青蒿母液:石灰水:食盐水:清水的质量比为4:2:1:1:8。
处理3:各组分及其配比为:虎掌草母液:黄花烟叶母液:石灰水:食盐水:清水的质量比为4:2:1:1:8。
处理4:各组分及其配比为:青蒿母液:黄花烟叶母液:石灰水:食盐水:清水的质量比为2:2:1:1:10。
处理5:清水空白对照。
处理2至处理4所用的各组分,均采用处理1中组分。
每处理4次重复,共20个小区,小区面积20m2,随机区组排列。
施药当天调查活虫数,药后1,3,7天调查残虫量,调查方法:每小区对角线5点取样,每点调查4株,各小区共调查20株的菜青虫数量,计算虫口减退率及防效。
计算方法:
虫口减退﹪﹦[(各小区药前虫口基数-该小区药后残虫量)/各小区药前虫口基数]×100﹪
防效﹪﹦[(防治区虫口减退率-对照区虫口减退率)/(1-对照区虫口减退率)]×l00﹪
表1:2013年药效试验结果表
注:表中数据为4个重复的平均值
表2 2014年药效试验结果表
注:表中数据为4个重复的平均值
表3两年平均校正防治效果方差分析表
通过2013、2014连续两年田间药效试验结果表明:
处理1即本发明菜青虫杀虫剂,在虫口减退率和防效上显著好于其它处理,其虫口减退率为80.37~89.63%,防效达82.4~91%。经两年平均校正防效方差分析显示,药后1天、3天和7天,处理1与其它各处理间差异显著。说明处理1在防治菜青虫上效果最好。
处理4与处理2、处理3之间均存在显著差异,说明处理4在防治菜青虫上比处理2、处理3防治效果好。
处理2和处理3有一定防治效果,校正防效为38.2~47.4%,处理2和处理3无显著差异。
综合两年药效结果显示,处理1防治效果最好,与其它各处理差异显著,有推广应用前景。四个药剂处理区白菜生长正常,未见任何不良反应,安全性好。
Claims (2)
1.一种菜青虫杀虫剂,其特征在于由以下组分组成:
虎掌草母液4份,青蒿母液2份,黄花烟叶母液2份,石灰水1份,食盐水1份,清水6份,每份以质量为单位;所述虎掌草母液是将虎掌草碎片50份放入100份清水中浸泡1小时,过滤取汁液为虎掌草母液;所述青蒿母液是将青蒿碎片50份放入100份清水中浸泡1小时,过滤取汁液为青蒿母液;所述黄花烟叶母液是将黄花烟叶碎片10份放入100份清水中浸泡1小时,过滤取汁液为黄花烟叶母液;所述石灰水是将石灰0.2份放入100份清水中搅拌均匀,取其澄清液为石灰水;所述食盐水是将食盐2份放入98份清水中搅拌均匀为食盐水。
2.权利要求1所述的一种菜青虫杀虫剂的制备方法:其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)原材料选择及处理
取新鲜的虎掌草、新鲜的青蒿和晒干的黄花烟叶分别切成碎片;
(2)制备母液
①将虎掌草碎片50份放入100份清水中浸泡1小时,过滤取汁液为虎掌草母液,备用;
②将青蒿碎片50份放入100份清水中浸泡1小时,过滤取汁液为青蒿母液,备用;
③将黄花烟叶碎片10份放入100份清水中浸泡1小时,过滤取汁液为黄花烟叶母液,备用;
④将石灰0.2份放入100份清水中搅拌均匀,取其澄清液为石灰水,备用;
⑤将食盐2份放入98份清水中搅拌均匀为食盐水,备用;
(3)菜青虫杀虫剂的制备
称取虎掌草母液4份,青蒿母液2份,黄花烟叶母液2份,石灰水1份,食盐水1份,与清水6份混合即为菜青虫杀虫剂。
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