CN105409929B - 一种农药稳定增效剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种农药稳定增效剂及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN105409929B
CN105409929B CN201510840653.5A CN201510840653A CN105409929B CN 105409929 B CN105409929 B CN 105409929B CN 201510840653 A CN201510840653 A CN 201510840653A CN 105409929 B CN105409929 B CN 105409929B
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张家滔
崔新政
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Cangzhou Dayang Chemical Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明提供一种农药稳定增效剂及其制备方法,其中农药稳定增效剂由以下重量份的组分组成:油酸甲酯60‑80份、助溶剂10‑20份、乳化剂10‑15份、小桐子油5‑8份、稳定剂1‑3份、渗透剂1‑3份,其中油酸甲酯为植物源油酸甲酯。本发明的农药稳定增效剂适合与各种剂型的杀虫剂、杀菌剂、除草剂及植物生长调节剂等混合使用,具有显著的增效、省工、节水、省药的特性,在农药的喷施过程中具有良好的渗透性、扩展性;该发明制备方法简单、原料来源广泛、成本低廉,以植物源物质为主要成分,作为农药的稳定增效成分时,易降解、无残留,适合作为一种环保的生物农药增效剂推广使用。

Description

一种农药稳定增效剂及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及农药技术领域,特别涉及一种农药稳定增效剂及其制备方法。
背景技术
农药是用于预防、消灭或者控制危害农业、林业的病、虫、草和其他有害生物以及有目的地调节、控制、影响植物和有害生物代谢、生长、发育、繁殖过程的化学合成或者来源于生物、其他天然产物及应用生物技术产生的一种物质或者几种物质的混合物及其制剂,是粮食作物、瓜果蔬菜种植、林业中必不可少的产品。
大部分农药不溶于水,不可直接使用,均需和各类助剂加工成适合使用的剂型方可发挥药效。然而,由于植物的表面为疏水蜡质层,用少量的表面活性剂生产的农药制剂产品进行喷洒,其润湿速度较慢,接触面积较小,有些甚至直接滴落到地面造成药液流失;另外,由于毛细孔效应,许多细小的空隙农药渗透不进去,而影响其防治效果,导致了农药有效利用率低,造成浪费。
农药增效剂的作用,主要是抑制或弱化靶标(害虫、杂草、病菌等)对农药活性的解毒防药害作用,延缓药剂在防治对象内的代谢速度,从而增加生物防效。增效剂本身并无活性,但与相应的农药混用时,能明显改善其润湿、展 布、分散、滞留和渗透性能,减少喷雾药液随风(气流)漂移,防止或减轻对邻 近敏感作物等的损害,利于药液在叶面铺展及黏附、减少紫外线对农药制剂中 有效成分的分解,达到延长药效有效期,提高其生物活性,减少用量,降低成本,保护生态环境的目的。农药制剂的药效优劣很大程度上取决于选用合适的优良助剂来实现,好的增效剂不仅能数倍、数十倍提高农药的防治效果,还可延缓抗性产生,延长来之不易的农药品种的生命期。
如前几年推广幅度较大的农药增效剂有机硅,是一种聚硅氧烷类表面活性剂,其特点是降低表面张力、提高润湿铺展,但其本身对酸碱不稳定,水分高时也会分解,而且由于其价格昂贵,鱼龙混杂,对农户使用造成一定风险。
在这种背景下,寻求增效物质作为农药的增效成分,提高农药的杀虫毒力,降低虫口密度,降低害虫危害程度以及延缓害虫抗药性的发生,且增效成分在自然界易降解,对环境安全,是选择增效成分的原则,增效物质单独使用无杀虫活性或者只有极低的杀虫活性,当添加到农药中时能够显著提高制剂的活性。然而,目前农药增效剂的研究和开发,仍是农药剂应用领域中的一个薄弱的环节。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的问题是提供一种无毒害、易降解,具有优良的润湿铺展性、植物表面的附着能力、耐雨水冲刷能力以及低挥发性等优点的农药稳定增效剂。
为实现上述目的,本发明的所采用的技术方案是:
一种农药稳定增效剂,其特征在于,由以下重量份的组分组成:油酸甲酯60-80份、助溶剂10-20份、乳化剂10-15份、小桐子油5-8份、稳定剂1-3份、渗透剂1-3份,其中油酸甲酯为植物源油酸甲酯。
进一步地,所述植物源油酸甲酯的合成方法为:采用沸石分子筛作为固体催化剂的载体,采用浸渍法将磷钼杂多酸负载于沸石分子筛表面,经100~180℃焙烧得到沸石分子筛负载磷钼杂多酸固体催化剂;使用这种催化剂在常压条件下,催化植物油中的油酸、三油酸甘油酯与甲醇进行反应,反应结束后,冷却,用布氏漏斗过滤除去催化剂后,减压蒸馏除去甲醇和副产物,得到产品油酸甲酯;其中,反应温度为60~90℃,反应时间为2~8小时,植物油与甲醇的摩尔比为1:1-1:5,催化剂与反应物总质量比为1:30-50。
优选的,反应温度为80℃,反应时间为6小时,植物油与甲醇的摩尔比为1:3,催化剂与反应物的总质量比为1:40。
优选的,所述乳化剂由曲拉通X-100和吐温-20复配得到,曲拉通X-100与吐温-20的质量比为1:3-8。
优选的,所述助溶剂为水杨酸钠、聚乙二醇、正丁醇中的一种或多种组合。
优选的,所述稳定剂为环氧大豆油或茶多酚。
优选的,所述渗透剂为噻酮或脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚。
优选的,所述农药稳定增效剂由以下重量份的组分组成:油酸甲酯70份、助溶剂15份、乳化剂13份、小桐子油7份、稳定剂2份、渗透剂2份,其中油酸甲酯为植物源油酸甲酯。
一种上述农药稳定增效剂的制备方法,其特征在于包括以下步骤:首先将稳定剂和渗透剂加入到油酸甲酯中,混合均匀;然后加入乳化剂、助溶剂,机械搅拌20-40分钟,控制转速在200-400转/分钟;将上述所得的混合物经过超声处理10-30分钟,即得所述的农药稳定增效剂。
优选的,超声处理时间为20分钟。
本发明具有的优点和积极效果是:
(1)本发明的农药稳定增效剂适合与各种剂型的杀虫剂、杀菌剂、除草剂及植物生长调节剂等混合使用,具有显著的增效、省工、节水、省药的特性,在农药的喷施过程中具有良好的渗透性、扩展性;该发明制备方法简单、原料来源广泛、成本低廉,以植物源物质为主要成分,作为农药的稳定增效成分时,易降解、无残留,适合作为一种环保的生物农药增效剂推广使用;所述农药稳定增效剂组分简单、配伍合理,降低了经济成本,降低了农药制剂的用量,减少了农药残留,避免了其它助剂及农药有效成分降解不完全造成的水土污染;且本发明的农药稳定增效剂适合于农民自用,操作简便,便于一家一户操作,可现配现用,最大程度发挥农药的效能,利于大面积的推广;
(2)本发明应用了植物源油酸甲酯、小桐子油、茶多酚等组分,与植物有更好亲和性,对环境友好、安全,对人和作物安全性高,有效地减少了芳烃类有机溶剂等对土壤、水源等环境和农作物的污染危害;植物源油酸甲酯具有优良的展着渗透性、抗漂移性和与靶标有较强的亲合性,因此对农药活性成分具有显著的增效作用(参见实施例药效试验),应用植物源油酸甲酯配制的农药的综合防效均优于应用芳烃类溶剂配制的乳油制剂,且增强了药剂的抗干旱性,延长了药剂有效期;由于植物源油酸甲酯闪点高,燃点高,生产的农药乳油制剂安全性能好,生产、储运和使用过程中安全性高;
(3)本发明选用的具有特定组成的复合乳化剂、助溶剂,以及制备过程中经过特殊的超声处理步骤,有效提高了与农药组分的相溶性,解决了制剂分层、产品沉淀和结块、不分散或分散不理想的问题;
(4)噻酮和脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚的高效渗透作用是影响活性生物体表角质层,促使有效成分通过表皮层进入体内,由于活性组织表面的细胞之间空隙增大,防御能力降低,有效药物就能迅速通过表皮进入体内直达标靶,使药物发挥效力,可降低农药有效成分的含量;此外,小桐子油和茶多酚还能抑制昆虫体内某些解毒酶的活性,避免害虫抗性的产生;
(5)本发明选用的稳定剂具有优异的抗辐射功能,可吸收放射性物质,被称为天然的紫外线过滤器,进而减少紫外线对农药制剂中有效成分的分解,达到延长药效有效期,提高其生物活性,减少用量,降低成本,保护生态环境的目的此外,对于含有重金属离子的农药,本发明的组合物还可以控制重金属离子的释放速度,多余的重金属离子或者农药中的重金属离子杂质可形成稳定螯合物不被植物吸收,该组合物自身还具有增加植物抗环境胁迫的功能,诱导植物产生防御机制,增强对病虫害的抵抗能力;
(6)本发明提供了油酸甲酯的制备方法,采用以沸石分子筛为载体负载的固体酸催化剂,提高了催化剂活性,节约甲醇用量,与传统催化剂相比,具有低温高活性、可重复使用利于连续化生产,为环境友好型催化剂,具有广阔的应用前景。
下面通过实施例对本发明进行具体描述和说明:
实施例1
一种农药稳定增效剂,其特征在于,由以下重量份的组分组成:油酸甲酯60份、助溶剂10份、乳化剂10份、小桐子油5份、稳定剂1份、渗透剂1份,其中油酸甲酯为植物源油酸甲酯。
实施例2
一种农药稳定增效剂,其特征在于,由以下重量份的组分组成:油酸甲酯80份、助溶剂20份、乳化剂15份、小桐子油8份、稳定剂3份、渗透剂3份,其中油酸甲酯为植物源油酸甲酯。
实施例3
一种农药稳定增效剂,其特征在于由以下重量百分比的组分组成:由以下重量份的组分组成:油酸甲酯70份、助溶剂15份、乳化剂13份、小桐子油7份、稳定剂2份、渗透剂2份。其中,油酸甲酯为植物源油酸甲酯,助溶剂为水杨酸钠,乳化剂中曲拉通X-100与吐温-20的质量比例为1:5,稳定剂为茶多酚,渗透剂为噻酮。
实施例4
一种农药稳定增效剂,其特征在于由以下重量百分比的组分组成:由以下重量份的组分组成:油酸甲酯70份、助溶剂15份、乳化剂13份、小桐子油7份、稳定剂2份、渗透剂2份。其中,油酸甲酯为植物源油酸甲酯,助溶剂为水杨酸钠,乳化剂中曲拉通X-100与吐温-20的质量比例为1:7,稳定剂为环氧大豆油,渗透剂为噻酮。
实施例5
一种农药稳定增效剂,其特征在于由以下重量百分比的组分组成:由以下重量份的组分组成:油酸甲酯65份、助溶剂13份、乳化剂11份、小桐子油6份、稳定剂1.5份、渗透剂2.5份。其中,油酸甲酯为植物源油酸甲酯,助溶剂为水杨酸钠,乳化剂中曲拉通X-100与吐温-20的质量比例为1:8,稳定剂为茶多酚,渗透剂为脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚。
实施例6
一种农药稳定增效剂,其特征在于由以下重量百分比的组分组成:由以下重量份的组分组成:油酸甲酯75份、助溶剂18份、乳化剂14份、小桐子油7份、稳定剂2.5份、渗透剂1.5份。其中,油酸甲酯为植物源油酸甲酯,助溶剂为水杨酸钠,乳化剂中曲拉通X-100与吐温-20的质量比例为1:3,稳定剂为茶多酚,渗透剂为噻酮。
实施例1-6所述的农药稳定增效剂的制备方法为:首先将稳定剂和渗透剂加入到油酸甲酯中,混合均匀;然后加入乳化剂、助溶剂,机械搅拌30分钟,控制转速在230转/分钟;将上述所得的混合物经过超声处理15分钟,即得所述的农药稳定增效剂。
其中,植物源油酸甲酯的制备方法为:采用沸石分子筛作为固体催化剂的载体,采用浸渍法将磷钼杂多酸负载于沸石分子筛表面,经120℃焙烧得到沸石分子筛负载磷钼杂多酸固体催化剂;使用这种催化剂在常压条件下,催化植物油中的油酸、三油酸甘油酯等与甲醇进行反应,反应结束后,冷却,用布氏漏斗过滤除去催化剂后,减压蒸馏除去甲醇和副产物,得到产品油酸甲酯;其中,反应温度75℃,反应时间5小时,植物油与甲醇的摩尔比为1:3,催化剂与反应物总质量比为1:40。
实际应用效果
试验作物:玉米田
试验处理:共设42个试验田区域,每个区域30平方米,每个处理重复3次,于玉米播种前后进行施药,均匀喷于地表,农药用量80毫升/亩,稳定增效剂用量30毫升/亩,制剂兑水量30公斤/亩。
表1 用于玉米田的农药稳定增效剂的性能表
试验作物:江苏泗阳棉花田
试验处理:共设42个试验田区域,每个区域30平方米,每个处理重复3次,于棉铃虫三龄期,均匀喷施棉花植株,农药量80毫升/亩,稳定增效剂用量10毫升/亩,制剂兑水量30公斤/亩。
表2 用于棉花田的农药稳定增效剂的性能表
从表1-2的数据中可以看出,本发明的农药稳定增效剂由于其特有的成分和组合具有明显的增效作用,本发明的稳定增效剂与农药配合使用的防治效果比对比例明显提高,降低了农药的使用剂量。本发明提供的杀虫剂比对比例速效性强、防治效果好、持效期较长。本发明的农药稳定增效剂降低了有效成分的用药量,节约了成本,减轻了对环境的污染。

Claims (4)

1.一种农药稳定增效剂,其特征在于,由以下重量份的组分组成:油酸甲酯60-80份、助溶剂10-20份、乳化剂10-15份、小桐子油5-8份、稳定剂1-3份、渗透剂1-3份,其中油酸甲酯为植物源油酸甲酯;
所述植物源油酸甲酯的合成方法为:采用沸石分子筛作为固体催化剂的载体,采用浸渍法将磷钼杂多酸负载于沸石分子筛表面,经100~180℃焙烧得到沸石分子筛负载磷钼杂多酸固体催化剂;使用这种催化剂在常压条件下,催化植物油中的油酸、三油酸甘油酯与甲醇进行反应,反应结束后,冷却,用布氏漏斗过滤除去催化剂后,减压蒸馏除去甲醇和副产物,得到产品油酸甲酯;其中,反应温度为60~90℃,反应时间为2~8小时,植物油与甲醇的摩尔比为1:1-1:5,催化剂与反应物总质量比为1:30-50;
所述渗透剂为噻酮或脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚;
所述稳定剂为环氧大豆油或茶多酚;
所述乳化剂由曲拉通X-100和吐温-20复配得到,曲拉通X-100与吐温-20的质量比为1:3-8。
2.根据权利要求1所述的农药稳定增效剂,其特征在于:反应温度为80℃,反应时间为6小时,植物油与甲醇的摩尔比为1:3,催化剂与反应物的总质量比为1:40。
3.根据权利要求1所述的农药稳定增效剂,其特征在于,所述助溶剂为水杨酸钠、聚乙二醇、正丁醇中的一种或多种组合。
4.根据权利要求1所述的农药稳定增效剂,其特征在于,由以下重量份的组分组成:油酸甲酯70份、助溶剂15份、乳化剂13份、小桐子油7份、稳定剂2份、渗透剂2份,其中油酸甲酯为植物源油酸甲酯。
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