CN105404838A - 可变景深条形码扫描仪 - Google Patents

可变景深条形码扫描仪 Download PDF

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CN105404838A
CN105404838A CN201510859712.3A CN201510859712A CN105404838A CN 105404838 A CN105404838 A CN 105404838A CN 201510859712 A CN201510859712 A CN 201510859712A CN 105404838 A CN105404838 A CN 105404838A
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CN105404838B (zh
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S·麦克罗斯基
M·E·L·容维尔特
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Honeywell International Inc
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K7/00—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns
    • G06K7/10—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation
    • G06K7/10544—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation by scanning of the records by radiation in the optical part of the electromagnetic spectrum
    • G06K7/10821—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation by scanning of the records by radiation in the optical part of the electromagnetic spectrum further details of bar or optical code scanning devices
    • G06K7/10831—Arrangement of optical elements, e.g. lenses, mirrors, prisms
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K7/00—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns
    • G06K7/10—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation
    • G06K7/10544—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation by scanning of the records by radiation in the optical part of the electromagnetic spectrum
    • G06K7/10712—Fixed beam scanning
    • G06K7/10722—Photodetector array or CCD scanning
    • G06K7/10752—Exposure time control
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K7/00—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns
    • G06K7/10—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation
    • G06K7/10544—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation by scanning of the records by radiation in the optical part of the electromagnetic spectrum
    • G06K7/10792—Special measures in relation to the object to be scanned
    • G06K7/10801—Multidistance reading
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K7/00—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns
    • G06K7/10—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation
    • G06K7/10544—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation by scanning of the records by radiation in the optical part of the electromagnetic spectrum
    • G06K7/10792—Special measures in relation to the object to be scanned
    • G06K7/10801—Multidistance reading
    • G06K7/10811—Focalisation
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K7/00—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns
    • G06K7/10—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation
    • G06K7/14—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation using light without selection of wavelength, e.g. sensing reflected white light
    • G06K7/1404—Methods for optical code recognition
    • G06K7/146—Methods for optical code recognition the method including quality enhancement steps

Abstract

提供了可变景深条形码扫描仪。本文所讨论的大体上是被配置用于可变景深扫描仪的技术、软件、装置、以及系统。在一个或多个实施例中，一种方法可包括暴露条形码扫描仪的光传感器一指定时间；在所述指定时间中将放置于所述光传感器的光路中的可变焦元件的焦点从第一焦点改变到第二焦点；以及处理由所述光传感器产生的条形码的图像以解模糊化所述图像。

Description

可变景深条形码扫描仪
背景技术
条形码是数据的机器可解码的光学表示。在一个或多个实施例中，条形码表示与条形码被置于其上的对象有关的数据。一维条形码包括各种宽度和空间的平行线。特定宽度的线或空间的一部分可被看做是模块(可表示单个数据片段的基本形状)。二维条形码可包括以矩阵或网格模式布置的基本形状(模块)。一些条形码可包括仅仅以模块(条或基本形状)编码的数据，而其他条形码可包括以模块或在模块间的空间编码的数据。条形码表示的数据可通过对模块的布置进行解码和利用符号学翻译基本形状的模式确定。符号学指定基本模式和它们与字符(例如数位)的关系的编码。
发明内容
在一个或多个实施例中，一种条形码扫描仪可包括：光电探测器；可变焦元件，其被放置使得入射到所述光电探测器上的光穿过所述可变焦元件；以及处理器，耦合到所述光电探测器，用于处理由所述光电探测器捕捉的条形码的图像以至少部分地解模糊化所述图像。
在一个或多个实施例中，一种方法可包括暴露条形码扫描仪的光传感器一指定时间；在所述指定时间中将放置于所述光传感器的光路中的可变焦元件的焦点从第一焦点改变到第二焦点；以及处理由所述光传感器产生的条形码的图像以解模糊化所述图像。
在一个或多个实施例中，一种非瞬时性计算机可读介质包括存储在其上的指令，指令当由机器执行时，配置该机器以执行包括以下的操作：暴露光传感器一指定时间；在所述指定时间中将放置于所述光传感器的光路中的可变焦元件的焦点从第一焦点改变到第二焦点；以及处理由光电探测器产生的条形码的图像以解模糊化所述图像。
附图说明
在未必按比例绘制的附图中，类似的数字可在不同的视图中描述类似的组件。具有不同的字母后缀的类似数字可表示类似组件的不同实例。该些附图以举例的方式、但不是以限制的方式总地示出了本文档讨论的各种实施例。
图1示出了根据一个或多个实施例的二维条形码扫描系统的示例的框图。
图2示出了根据一个或多个实施例的可变形透镜和传感器的示例的框图。
图3示出了根据一个或多个实施例的一维条形码扫描系统的示例的框图。
图4示出了根据一个或多个实施例的技术示例的流程图。
图5示出了根据一个或多个实施例的计算设备系统的示例的框图。
具体实施方式
尽管本公开的实施例可以采取很多不同的形式，但是在附图中示出了其特定实施例，以及在本文中将详细描述该些特定实施例，应该理解的是本公开要被看作是本公开的原理的实施例，以及实践这些原理的最好模式，并且并不意图将本公开限制到示出的特定实施例。
条形码扫描仪大体上局限于景深，在所述景深上扫描仪可适当地扫描条形码。一些该局限可归咎于空间分辨率(即不能解析在远处的基本形状)，而一些该局限可归咎于光学模糊。由于机械复杂性、鲁棒性、快门迟滞、或在条形码扫描仪中包括可变焦距元件的成本带来的问题，至少一些条形码扫描仪具有固定焦距的光学器件。
在标准光学布置中，固定形状透镜可沿着摄像机光轴移动。在一个或多个实施例中，条形码扫描仪可并入可变焦组件，其中修改特定透镜(在沿着光轴的固定位置中)的形状以实现聚焦。对于这样的系统，聚焦控制和怎样协调在聚焦位置的改变与图像捕捉以及解码可能是很困难，以及可能引入在触发图像捕捉和实际图像捕捉间的不可接受的快门迟滞。
一种协调可变聚焦与图像捕捉的方式将增加深度感测元件，其确定到条形码的距离并且调整该聚焦元件以在场景中产生具有那个深度的聚焦图像。这可能增加成本，该成本过于高昂而没有销路。
另一个选项是不断地改变聚焦元件以扫描整个场景深度范围，并且在该过程中捕捉一系列图像。为了避免伪影，在每一个图像的曝光期间透镜的改变必须最小化。这在低光情况下加剧了系统迟滞，因为任何曝光时间的增加会成倍增加捕捉图像的数量。
在一个或多个实施例中，在焦距元件经历若干个聚焦状态(如从第一焦点到第二焦点，诸如通过从第一焦点到第二焦点单调增或单调减焦点)期间，捕捉单个图像。这样的实施例可不包括深度传感器。单个图像的使用减少了计算负载，这是因为仅仅有在其上试图解码的单个图像。因为透镜在曝光期间改变聚焦位置，原始图像将会模糊。然而，对于特定深度(其大于与任何特定聚焦位置相关联的景深)范围内的条形码，模糊点扩散函数(PSF)可能大约是相同的。从而，可利用可被先验计算的逆PSF解模糊化原始图像，并且在一个或多个实施例中可不需要模糊估计。
现在将参考附图来进一步描述本公开的实施例的细节。
图1示出了根据一个或多个实施例的条形码扫描仪系统100的示例。该系统100可包括条形码扫描仪102和处理模块112。虽然示出了处理模块112与条形码扫描仪102分开，但是处理模块112可被包括以作为条形码扫描仪102的一部分。图1的条形码扫描仪102可对一维和二维条形码进行成像或解码。
条形码扫描仪102可以是二维条形码扫描仪。条形码扫描仪102可包括盖104、可变焦元件106、或传感器110。盖104可有助于保护条形码扫描仪102各项免受外部元件影响。
描绘了可变焦元件106在条形码扫描仪102的内部，但是可以是条形码扫描仪102的附件，或以其他方式在其外部。在图2中描绘了可变焦元件106的实施例。可变焦元件106可包括一个或多个聚焦元件(如透镜)。除了其他机械聚焦元件之外，可变焦元件106还可包括一个或多个变焦镜头或变焦透镜。可变焦元件106可包括可变形透镜，其可被配置(如通过改变可变形的形状或大小)以具有不同的焦点。可变焦元件106可包括玻璃的、塑料的、树脂的、或在其上改变入射光路径的其他至少部分透明的元件，以诸如有助于聚焦入射光。可变焦元件106可包括在透射(如至少部分透明的)板间的光学液体。在光学液体中的泡泡的大小或形状可被控制，并且泡泡的大小或形状可改变可变焦元件106的焦点。可通过改变应用到光学液体的电场量值改变泡泡的大小或形状。光学液体和透射板可包括各种折射率。可变焦元件106可耦合到处理模块112。处理模块112可控制应用到可变焦元件106的电场量值，以诸如控制可变焦元件106的焦点。在包括机械可变焦元件的实施例中，可手动或机电地从第一焦点到第二焦点调整可变焦元件106。
当捕捉图像时，可电清除传感器110的值。在特定时间结束时(如当可变焦元件完成它的从第一焦点到第二焦点的转移时)，可读取由传感器110确定的值，诸如由处理模块112来进行。以该方式，可控制传感器110的曝光时间。曝光时间可基于条形码扫描仪102的景深。曝光时间可以足以将可变焦元件106的焦点从第一点改变到第二点(第二点位于第一点的一定距离处)，以诸如横贯整个景深或仅仅条形码扫描仪的景深的一部分。
传感器110可将光线(如光子)转换成电信号。传感器110可包括电荷耦合器件(CCD)或主动像素传感器。可使用金属氧化物半导体(MOS)技术实现CCD或主动像素传感器，金属氧化物半导体(MOS)技术诸如有互补MOS(CMOS)、N型MOS(NMOS)或LiveMOS等等。传感器110可以是光电探测器或光传感器。传感器110可被耦合到处理模块112，使得来自传感器110的图像数据可传送到处理模块112。
处理模块112可从传感器110接收电信号并且在信号上执行操作，以诸如帮助解模糊化由电信号表示的图像。处理模块112可从图像解卷积PSF，以诸如帮助解模糊化图像。PSF可通过以下来确定：捕捉先验的参考对象的图像，并且基于捕捉的图像确定PSF。参考图像可包括在参考场景中的光(如激光光斑)的光斑(如点源)。可使用与当在场中使用条形码扫描仪102时(如当将可变焦元件的焦点从第一焦点改变到第二焦点时)将会使用的同样的操作条件(如曝光时间、可变焦元件106的开始和终止焦点等)捕捉被捕捉的图像。处理模块112可对由传感器108创建的图像解卷积。
由传感器110捕捉的图像I可被描述为清晰图像J和PSFB的卷积(如I＝B*J，其中*表示卷积)。给定I和B(或至少的B的估计)，可估计图像J，如通过从图像解卷积PSF。在其中参考图像是点光源的示例中，PSFB是与图像I一样的(即B＝I)。
可通过对与光学系统的图像平面相距一定距离的点光源成像来测量PSF。对于与光学系统的图像平面的不同距离，PSF可以不同。当使用点源时，图像等于PSF。PSF可以是像素值阵列(二维或一维阵列)。需要当心的是将图像置于阵列的中心，以诸如避免傅里叶变换。
对于系统的“点源”是这样的对象，该对象的近轴像比瑞利分辨率小，瑞利分辨率定义为D＝2.44*λ*F#，其中D是最小的解析光斑的直径、λ是波长、以及F#是系统f-数。然后，使用对象直径和分辨率，可确定在光学系统图像平面和对象之间的距离。
可使用通用传递函数理论描述对PSF的解码。在一维中呈现分析。如本文描述的图像I。确定PSFB在频域中可以较为容易地执行。令F(X)作为函数X的频域表示，使得F[I＝B*J]是F(I)＝F(B)F(J)和F(J)＝F-1(B)F(I)。可使用矩阵求逆技术确定逆PSF。可将函数F(J)传递到时域空间以产生经解卷积的图像。
图像系统的PSF可依赖于在图像系统和被成像的对象之间的距离(如模糊成像量可依赖于成像系统的焦点或在成像系统的项(如透镜和光电探测器)和焦点之间的距离)。当将传感器110暴露于其上的入射光时，扫描仪100可被配置成从第一焦点到第二焦点扫过可变焦元件106的焦点。各种PSF可被应用到创建的图像，其中每一个PSF对应于可变焦元件106的不同焦点和在可变焦元件106与被成像的对象之间的对应距离。由此创建的图像可被比较并且一个或多个图像可被用在解码中(如创建的最清晰的图像可被用于解码)。这样的系统在被成像的对象和扫描仪100(或扫描仪100的项)之间的距离是未知的情况中可以是有用的。这样的系统可创建清晰图像以被解码，诸如在对象驻留在可变焦元件106的第一焦点和第二焦点处、附近或之间的某处的情况中。例如，系统可允许扫描仪保持静止并且捕捉在距扫描仪不同距离处的对象的清晰图像。
处理模块112可包括解码器114。解码器114可从使用条形码扫描仪102成像的条形码图像中提取数据。解码器114可提取成像的代码的内容，诸如通过解释由成像符号学表示的数据。
有各种二维(2D)条形码符号学，包括快速参考(QR)码、垂直重复给定的线性符号学的堆叠符号学、阿兹特克码(Azteccode)、码1(Code1)、颜色码(ColorCode)、颜色结构码(ColorConstructCode)、赛博码(CyberCode)、数位风景(d-touch)、dataglyph、数据矩阵、数据带码、数字纸、EZ码、高容量颜色条形码、色彩码、InterCode、MaxiCode、MMCC、NexCode、任天堂e-Reader#dot码、PDF417、Qode、ShotCode、或者SPARQCode。
图2示出了根据一个或多个实施例的可变焦元件200的示例。可变焦元件200可包括由光学液体204分开的透射板202A和202B。在光学液体204中可存在泡泡206。泡泡206的大小或形状可改变入射到可变焦元件200上的光208的焦点210。可通过改变应用到光学液体204的电场的量值改变泡泡206的大小或形状。可变焦元件106可以是类似于可变焦元件200的。
图3示出了根据一个或多个实施例的一维条形码扫描仪系统300的示例。一维条形码扫描仪系统300可包括一维条形码扫描仪302和处理模块112。
条形码扫描仪302可包括发光元件304、可选的反射表面306、可变焦元件308、以及传感器310。发光元件304可包括激光器、发光二极管、或其他发光元件。来自发光元件304的光可传输穿过可变焦元件308。来自发光元件304的光可传输到反射表面306。反射表面306可包括镜子。反射表面306可将来自发光元件304的光重新导向为朝可变焦元件308。发光元件304或反射表面306可以是可旋转的。通过旋转发光元件304或反射表面306，来自发光元件304的光可入射到多个点上，以诸如跨条形码扫描来自于发光元件304的光。
来自于发光元件304的光可入射到可变焦元件308上。可变焦元件308可改变其上的入射光的散射。可变焦元件308可包括可配置的焦点，以诸如提供这样的可变焦元件308，可变焦元件308可包括在第一点、第二点及其间的点(诸如其间任何或所有点)处的焦点。
传感器310可基于入射光的强度将其上的入射光转换为电脉冲。传感器310可包括一个或多个光电二极管、或光电二极管阵列，等等。
处理模块312可以是类似于处理模块112的。解码器314可以是类似于解码器114的。
有各种一维条形码符号学，包括统一商品代码(UPC)、库德巴(CodaBar)、码25(5个中2个非交错/交错)、码11、码39、码128、CPC二进制、DUN14、EAN2、EAN3、EAN5、EAN8、EAN13、面对识别标志、GS1-128、GS1数据条、HIBC/HIBCC、智能邮件条形码、ITF-14、JAN、KarTrakACI、潜像码、MSI、制药二进制代码、行星(PLANET)、普莱西(Plessy)、PostBar、POSTNET、RM4SCC/KIX、以及Telepen。
图4示出了根据一个或多个实施例的方法400的示例的流程图。方法400如图所示包括：在操作402处，暴露条形码扫描仪的光传感器一指定时间；在操作404处，将可变焦元件的焦点从第一焦点改变到第二焦点；以及在操作406处，处理由光传感器产生的条形码的图像。可变焦元件可位于光传感器的光路中。在406处的操作可至少部分地解模糊化图像。
在404处的操作可包括将可变焦元件的焦点从第一焦点改变到第二点。在404处的操作可包括改变可变焦元件的焦点，其包括通过改变应用到可变焦元件的电场单调地改变可变焦元件的焦点。在406处的操作可包括从图像解卷积点扩散函数。
方法400可包括解码条形码以提取嵌入在条形码中的数据。方法400可包括确定与图像相关联的点扩散函数，其中确定点扩散函数包括暴露参考场景给激光器光源并且基于从其产生的图像确定点扩散函数。点扩散函数与将可变焦元件的焦点从第一焦点改变到第二焦点相关联。确定点扩散函数包括确定多个点扩散函数，每一个点扩散函数与在可变焦元件和条形码之间的不同距离相关联。从图像解卷积点扩散函数可包括多次解卷积图像，每一次使用多个点扩散函数中的不同点扩散函数。以这种方式，可产生在视场内的第一聚焦平面处聚焦的图像和在视场内的第二聚焦平面中聚焦的图像。这样的实施例可在其中到被成像的对象的距离是可变的或未知的情况(诸如当使用诸如手持设备的设备捕捉条形码的图像时)中是有帮助的。
方法400可包括在解码图像前确定多个经解卷积的图像中的哪一个图像是最清晰的。
图5是示出了示例计算机系统机器的框图，任何一种或多种本文讨论的技术可运行于其上。在一个或多个实施例中，处理模块112或312或条形码扫描仪102或302可包括计算机系统500的一个或多个项。计算机系统500可体现为计算设备，提供处理模块112或312或条形码扫描仪102或302或任何其他本文描述的或涉及的处理或计算平台或组件的操作。在可替换的实施例中，该机器可作为独立的设备操作或可连接到(如联网到)其他机器。在网络化的部署中，该机器可在服务器-客户端网络环境中的服务器或者客户端机器的能力上操作，或它可在对等(或分布式)网络环境中充当对等机器。计算机系统机器可以是个人计算机(PC)(诸如可以是便携式的PC(如笔记本或上网本)或不是方便便携式的PC(如台式PC))、平板电脑、机顶盒(STB)、游戏控制台、个人数字助理(PDA)、移动电话或智能电话、web器件、网络路由器、交换机或桥接器、或任何能够执行指定将由机器所采取的行动的指令(顺序的或其他方式的)的机器。而且，虽然仅仅示出了单个机器，但是术语“机器”也应该被认为包括任何机器的集合，这些机器个体地或联合地执行指令集合(多个集合)以执行任何本文讨论的一个或多个方法。使用计算机处理器和其他逻辑实现技术可导致自动化的摄像机条件改变检测(如不包括人工干预的检测)。
示例计算机系统500可包括处理器502(如中央处理单元(CPU)、图形处理单元(GPU)或两者)、主存储器504和静态存储器506，它们通过互联508(如链路、总线等)彼此通信。计算机系统500可进一步包括视频显示单元510、字母数字输入设备512(如键盘)、以及用户接口(UI)导航设备514(如鼠标)。在一个实施例中，视频显示单元510、输入设备512和UI导航设备514是触摸屏显示器。计算机系统500可另外包括存储设备516(如驱动单元)、信号生成设备518(如扬声器)、输出控制器532、功率管理控制器534、或网络接口设备520(其可包括一个或多个天线530、收发器、或其他无线通信硬件或可操作地与一个或多个天线530、收发器、或其他无线通信硬件通信)、或一个或多个传感器528，诸如GPS传感器、罗盘、位置传感器、加速度计、或其他传感器。
存储设备516包括机器可读介质522，在其上存储有由本文描述的任何一个或多个方法或功能体现或使用的一个或多个数据结构和指令524(如软件)的集合。指令524也可全部或至少部分驻留于主存储器504、静态存储器506内、和/或在其由计算机系统500执行期间驻留于处理器502内，其中主存储器504、静态存储器506、或处理器502也包括机器可读介质。处理器502被配置以执行操作可包括配置存储器或耦合到处理器的其他机器可读介质的指令，所述指令当由处理器执行时引起处理器502执行操作。
虽然机器可读介质522在示例实施例中示出的是单个介质，但是术语“机器可读介质”可包括存储一个或多个指令524的单个介质或多个介质(如集中式或分布式数据库、和/或相关联的高速缓存和服务器)。术语“机器可读介质”也应该被考虑为包括任何有形的介质，所述介质能够存储、编码或载有指令或能够存储、编码或载有由这些指令使用的或与这些指令相关联的数据结构，所述指令由机器执行并且引起机器执行任何本公开的一个或多个方法。术语“机器可读介质”应相应地被考虑包括但不限于固态存储器、光学介质、和磁介质。机器可读介质的特定示例包括非易失性存储器，以举例的方式，其包括半导体存储器设备(如电可编程只读存储(EPROM)、电可擦除可编程只读存储器(EEPROM))和闪存设备；磁盘，诸如内部硬盘或可移除盘；磁光盘；以及CD-ROM和DVD-ROM盘。
可进一步使用传输介质经由网络接口设备520利用数个熟知的传送协议中的任何一个(如HTTP)在通信网络526上发送或接收指令524。通信网络的示例包括局域网(LAN)、广域网(WAN)、因特网、移动电话网络、普通老式电话(POTS)网络、以及无线数据网络(如Wi-Fi、3G和4GLTE/LTE-A或WiMAX网络)。术语“传输介质”应该被考虑为包括任何能够存储、编码、或载有由机器执行的指令以及包括数字或模拟通信信号的非有形的介质，或者其他促进这样的软件的通信的非有形介质。
其他注释和示例
可以通过若干示例的方式描述本主题。
示例1可包括或使用主题(诸如装置、方法、执行动作的单元、或包括指令的设备可读存储器，指令当由设备执行时，可引起设备执行动作)，诸如可包括或使用光电探测器；可变焦元件，其被放置使得入射到光电探测器的光穿过可变焦元件；以及耦合到光电探测器的处理器，用于处理由光电探测器捕捉的条形码的图像以至少部分地解模糊化图像。
示例2可包括或使用、或可以可选地与示例1的主题相结合以包括或使用，其中处理器控制可变焦元件的焦点和将可变焦元件的焦点从第一焦点改变到第二焦点。
示例3可包括或使用，或可以可选地与示例1-2的至少一个的主题相结合以包括或使用，其中改变可变焦元件的焦点花费指定时间量，并且其中处理器通过在指定时间的开始处清除光电探测器的值来控制光电探测器的曝光时间和在指定时间结束处读取光电探测器的值。
示例4可包括或使用，或可以可选地与示例1-3的至少一个的主题相结合以包括或使用，其中处理器处理图像包括处理器从图像解卷积点扩散函数，点扩散函数与焦点从第一焦点改变到第二焦点相关联。
示例5可包括或使用，或可以可选地与示例1-4的至少一个的主题相结合以包括或使用，其中可变焦元件包括在两个透射板之间的光学液体，在光学液体中具有泡泡。
示例6可包括或使用，或可以可选地与示例5的主题相结合以包括或使用，其中泡泡的大小改变可变焦元件的焦点，并且通过改变应用到可变焦元件的电场来改变泡泡的大小。
示例7可包括或使用，或可以可选地与示例1-6的至少一个的主题相结合以包括或使用，其中处理器将控制应用到可变焦元件的电场以将可变焦元件的焦点从第一焦点单调地增加或降低到第二焦点。
示例8可包括或使用，或可以可选地与示例1-7的至少一个的主题相结合以包括或使用耦合到处理器的解码器，用于提取嵌入到二维条形码内的信息。
示例9可包括或使用，或可以可选地与示例1-8的至少一个的主题相结合以包括或使用，其中处理器计算数个图像，每个图像与条形码和可变焦元件之间的不同距离相关联，并且基于可变焦元件的焦点大约等于可变焦元件和条形码之间的距离解卷积每个图像。
示例10可包括或使用主题(诸如装置、方法、执行动作的单元、或包括指令的设备可读存储器，指令当由设备执行时，可引起设备执行动作)，诸如可包括或使用：暴露条形码扫描仪的光传感器一指定时间；在指定时间中将放置于光传感器的光路中的可变焦元件的焦点从第一焦点改变到第二焦点；以及处理由光传感器产生的条形码的图像以至少部分地解模糊化图像。
示例11可包括或使用、或可以可选地与示例10的主题相结合以包括或使用，其中改变可变焦元件的焦点包括通过改变应用到可变焦元件的电场来单调地改变可变焦元件的焦点。
示例12可包括或使用，或可以可选地与示例10-11的至少一个的主题相结合以包括或使用，其中处理由光传感器产生的图像包括从图像解卷积点扩散函数。
示例13可包括或使用，或可以可选地与示例10-12的至少一个的主题相结合以包括或使用：解码条形码以提取嵌入在条形码中的数据。
示例14可包括或使用，或可以可选地与示例10-13的至少一个的主题相结合以包括或使用：确定与图像相关联的点扩散函数，其中确定点扩散函数包括将参考场景暴露给激光光源并且基于从中产生的图像确定点扩散函数。
示例15可包括或使用，或可以可选地与示例10-14的至少一个的主题相结合以包括或使用，其中点扩散函数与将可变焦元件的焦点从第一焦点改变到第二焦点相关联。
示例16可包括或使用，或可以可选地与示例10-15的至少一个的主题相结合以包括或使用，其中确定点扩散函数包括确定多个点扩散函数，每一个点扩散函数与可变焦元件和条形码之间的不同距离相关联，并且其中从图像解卷积点扩散函数包括解卷积图像多次，每一次使用多个点扩散函数中的不同点扩散函数。
示例17可包括或使用，或可以可选地与示例10-16的至少一个的主题相结合以包括或使用：在解码图像前确定多个经解卷积的图像中的哪一个图像是最清晰的。
示例18可包括或使用主题(诸如装置、方法、执行动作的单元、或包括指令的设备可读存储器，指令当由设备执行时，可引起设备执行动作)，诸如可包括或使用：暴露光传感器一指定时间；在指定时间中将放置于光传感器的光路中的可变焦元件的焦点从第一焦点改变到第二焦点；以及处理由光电探测器产生的条形码的图像以解模糊化图像。
示例19可包括或使用，或可以可选地与示例18的主题相结合以包括或使用：确定多个点扩散函数，每一个点扩散函数与在可变焦元件和条形码之间的不同距离相关联，并且解卷积图像多次，每一次使用多个点扩散函数中的不同点扩散函数。
示例20可包括或使用，或可以可选地与示例19的主题相结合以包括或使用：在解码图像前确定多个经解卷积的图像中的哪一个图像是最清晰的。
示例21可包括或使用，或可以可选地与示例19-20的至少一个的主题相结合以包括或使用在示例10-15的至少一个中所引用的主题。
在本文档中，如在专利文档中常见的那样使用术语“一(a、an)”以独立于任何其他“至少一个”或“一个或多个”的实例或使用而包括一个或多于一个。在本文档中，使用术语“或”指代非排他性的或，使得“A或B”包括“A但没有B”、“B但没有A”、以及“A和B”，除非另有指示。在本文档中，术语“包括”或“在其中”用作相应术语“包含”和“其中”的普通英语等同物。同样在所附的权利要求中，术语“包括”和“包含”是开放式的，即包括除了在权利要求中的这样的术语之后列出的那些元件外的元件的系统、设备、物品、组成、配方、或过程仍然被认为落入该权利要求的范围内。而且，在本文档中，术语“第一”、“第二”和“第三”等仅仅用作标签，并不意图在它们的对象上强加数目要求。
从前面的描述将注意到的是，可以实施很多变型和修改而不会背离本发明的精神和范围。应理解的是，不意图有或应当推断出关于本文示出的特定装置的限制。当然，意图通过所附的权利要求覆盖如落入权利要求的范围内的所有这样的修改。
虽然上面详细地描述了几个实施例，但是其他修改是可能的。例如，在附图中描绘的逻辑流程不要求示出的特定顺序或序列顺序以获得期望的结果。可提供其他的步骤，或可从描述的流程中去掉步骤，并且可添加其他组件，或从描述的系统中移除组件。其他的实施例可在所附的权利要求的范围内。

Claims (15)

1.一种条形码扫描仪(100)，包括：
光电探测器(110)；
可变焦元件(106)，其被放置使得入射到所述光电探测器上的光穿过所述可变焦元件；以及
处理器(112)，耦合到所述光电探测器，用于处理由所述光电探测器捕捉的条形码的图像以至少部分地解模糊化所述图像。
2.权利要求2所述的条形码扫描仪，其中所述处理器(112)控制所述可变焦元件的焦点，并且将所述可变焦元件(106)的焦点从第一焦点改变到第二焦点。
3.权利要求1所述的条形码扫描仪，其中改变所述可变焦元件(106)的焦点花费指定时间量，并且其中所述处理器(112)通过在所述指定时间的开始处清除所述光电探测器(110)的值来控制所述光电探测器的曝光时间，并在所述指定时间结束处读取所述光电探测器(110)的值。
4.权利要求3所述的条形码扫描仪，其中所述处理器(112)处理所述图像包括所述处理器从所述图像解卷积点扩散函数，所述点扩散函数与焦点从所述第一焦点改变到所述第二焦点相关联。
5.权利要求4所述的条形码扫描仪，其中所述可变焦元件(106)包括在两个透射板之间的光学液体，在所述光学液体中具有泡泡。
6.权利要求5所述的条形码扫描仪，其中所述泡泡的大小改变可变焦元件(106)的焦点，并且通过改变应用到所述可变焦元件(106)的电场来改变所述泡泡的大小。
7.权利要求6所述的条形码扫描仪，其中所述处理器(110)控制应用到所述可变焦元件(106)的电场以将所述可变焦元件(106)的焦点从所述第一焦点单调地增加或降低到所述第二焦点。
8.权利要求7所述的条形码扫描仪，进一步包括耦合到所述处理器的解码器(114)，用于提取嵌入到二维条形码中的信息。
9.权利要求8所述的条形码扫描仪，其中所述处理器计算数个图像，每个图像与所述条形码和所述可变焦元件之间的不同距离相关联，并且基于所述可变焦元件的焦点大约等于所述可变焦元件和所述条形码之间的距离解卷积每个图像。
10.一种方法，包括：
暴露条形码扫描仪的光传感器一指定时间(402)；
在所述指定时间中将放置于所述光传感器的光路中的可变焦元件的焦点从第一焦点改变到第二焦点(404)；以及
处理由所述光传感器产生的条形码的图像以解模糊化所述图像(406)。
11.权利要求10所述的方法，其中改变所述可变焦元件的焦点包括通过改变应用到所述可变焦元件的电场来单调地改变所述可变焦元件的焦点。
12.权利要求11所述的方法，其中处理由所述光传感器产生的图像包括从所述图像解卷积点扩散函数。
13.权利要求12所述的方法，进一步包括解码所述条形码以提取嵌入在所述条形码中的数据。
14.权利要求13所述的方法，进一步包括确定与所述图像相关联的点扩散函数，其中确定所述点扩散函数包括将参考场景暴露给激光光源并且基于从中产生的图像确定所述点扩散函数。
15.权利要求14所述的方法，其中所述点扩散函数与将所述可变焦元件的焦点从所述第一焦点改变到所述第二焦点相关联。
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