CN105403535A - Fiber cladding surface Bragg grating biochemical sensor and making method thereof - Google Patents
Fiber cladding surface Bragg grating biochemical sensor and making method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN105403535A CN105403535A CN201510691314.5A CN201510691314A CN105403535A CN 105403535 A CN105403535 A CN 105403535A CN 201510691314 A CN201510691314 A CN 201510691314A CN 105403535 A CN105403535 A CN 105403535A
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/41—Refractivity; Phase-affecting properties, e.g. optical path length
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01K11/00—Measuring temperature based upon physical or chemical changes not covered by groups G01K3/00, G01K5/00, G01K7/00 or G01K9/00
- G01K11/32—Measuring temperature based upon physical or chemical changes not covered by groups G01K3/00, G01K5/00, G01K7/00 or G01K9/00 using changes in transmittance, scattering or luminescence in optical fibres
Abstract
The invention discloses a fiber cladding surface Bragg grating biochemical sensor. The fiber cladding surface Bragg grating biochemical sensor comprises a fiber core and a fiber cladding layer wrapping the fiber core. The fiber cladding surface Bragg grating biochemical sensor is characterized in that the front segment of the fiber core is provided with a long-period fiber grating, the external surface of the middle segment of the fiber cladding layer is provided with a fiber cladding surface Bragg grating, and the fiber cladding surface Bragg grating is formed by a plurality of line-shaped slots or a plurality of point-shaped grooves; the line-shaped slots or the point-shaped grooves are periodically distributed along the axial direction of fibers; the conduits of the line-shaped slots are distributed along the circumference direction of the fibers; and the fiber core behind the long-period fiber grafting is provided with the fiber Bragg grating. The concentrations of biological molecules and chemical components are measured or quantitatively/qualitatively analyzed by using the narrowband reflection resonance characteristic of the fiber cladding surface Bragg grating to a high-order cladding film in order to realize sensing of the biological molecules and the chemical components; and the fiber cladding surface Bragg grating biochemical sensor can be widely applied in the fields of biology, chemical engineering, medical science and life science.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to Fibre Optical Sensor, be specifically related to fibre cladding surface Bragg grating biochemical sensor and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
The advantages such as fiber grating is strong with its miniature sizes, antijamming capability, high sensitivity, absolute measurement, for the application of optical sensor family oil field and many other fields under the structure monitoring, sea of military and civil engineering provides important means.Exploitation has become one of study hotspot of the crossing domain of optical sensing and the subject such as biological chemistry, biomedicine to the fiber grating biochemical sensor of outside medium refraction index sensitivity.As the detection of bacterial virus in the screening of measurement of blood sugar concentration, medicine, food, the in-situ monitoring of DNA hybridization, bio-molecular interaction, the detection etc. of hydrogen, TNT explosive, all measured the change of external agency refractive index by fiber grating biochemical sensor, indirectly estimate the value of tested parameter or the status information of assessment biochemical process parameter.
Fiber grating comprises optical fiber Bragg raster and long period fiber grating two kinds of fundamental types.Wherein, long period fiber grating is to cladding mode in the same way by core mode, the impact that the evanscent field of cladding mode can be subject to outside testing medium causes the change of its resonance wavelength or intensity to be measured, therefore long period fiber grating does not need the sensing that can realize refractive index through any process in essence, but, long period fiber grating is refractive index sensitivity very not only, and to the physical parameter such as temperature, strain also sensitivity very, therefore, when being applied to the sensing of biochemical aspect, serious cross sensitivity problem can be there is; In addition, the general >20nm of 3dB resonant bandwidth of long period fiber grating, therefore it is lower to the accuracy of detection of outside parameter in theory.
And optical fiber Bragg raster be in the same way fibre core basic mode to the coupling of reverse fibre core basic mode, the energy of its evanscent field is only confined to the inside of fibre core, therefore it refractive index is insensitive in essence, only to temperature, strain or presser sensor, but the 3dB resonant bandwidth of optical fiber Bragg raster very narrow (0.1nm ~ 0.5nm), therefore, it is very high to the accuracy of detection of outside parameter in theory; In addition, the temperature/strain sensitivity of the temperature/strain sensitivity longer cycle of optical fiber Bragg raster is much lower, and therefore its cross-sensitivity is very little.More than ten years in past, in order to make traditional fiber Bragg grating pair external agency refractive index responsive, many people adopt chemical solution to corrode or the method for side grinding removes whole covering of optical fiber Bragg raster or most of covering, form the Bragg grating (diameter 3 μm ~ 15 μm of micron diameter magnitude, length 1mm ~ 20mm), so the evanscent field of its core mode can be made to be transmitted in outside testing medium, then optical fiber Bragg raster will will very responsive to the change of outside medium refraction index, thus can biological chemistry be applied to, medical science, the various parameter of the association areas such as life science and detection.But there is many shortcomings in the method for chemical corrosion or side grinding optical fiber Bragg raster covering, such as: the homogeneity that grating surface 1) cannot be ensured, therefore make the harmonic light spectrum widening of grating, cause the measuring accuracy in sensing to reduce, even cannot use; 2) reduce the physical strength of optical fiber Bragg raster, cause operating difficulties in use procedure, easily fracture.3) process of chemical corrosion or side grinding is consuming time longer, the bad control of process, and repeatability is bad.
Independent of index sensor Problems existing for comprehensively solving long period fiber grating or corrosion/grinding type optical fiber Bragg grating, the have 2010 year M.Hans etc. similar with the present invention propose based on " long period fiber grating-optical fiber Bragg raster " knockdown refractive index-temperature sensor, the cladding mode of optical fiber Bragg raster is wherein utilized to realize the sensing of refractive index, its principle is: the broadband light that bandwidth light source sends first through long period fiber grating, and then is transferred to optical fiber Bragg raster; When optical transport is to long period fiber grating place, the energy of segment core mould will be coupled in cladding mode to be propagated, when this part with the luminous energy of cladding mode form transmission and the energy transmission of remaining core mode to optical fiber Bragg raster place time, the luminous energy meeting the cladding mode of optical fiber Bragg raster and the wavelength of core mode condition of resonance respectively will be reflected back; Same, when the cladding mode transmission reflected is to long period fiber grating, by partial coupling in fibre core, when the core mode reflected is transferred to long period fiber grating, portion of energy is coupled in covering again and transmits, remaining core mode energy through long period fiber grating continue transmission, so two harmonic peaks can be detected at reflection end, the former to temperature and refractive index all responsive, and the latter is only to responsive to temperature, and there is almost identical temperature control.Advantage based on " long period fiber grating-optical fiber Bragg raster " knockdown refractive index-temperature sensor is can refractive index and temperature sensing simultaneously, and maintain the feature at the narrow band resonances peak of optical fiber Bragg raster, improve the sensing accuracy of refractive index, in addition, do not need to do any process to optical fiber, keep integrality and the robustness of sensor.But its shortcoming is: what optical fiber Bragg raster wherein adopted is that traditional uv-exposure phase masks makes, and need to use and have the special optical fiber material of the covering of photon-sensitive to make optical fiber Bragg raster, to ensure while write fibre core Bragg grating, the Bragg grating of covering inside is formed near the interface of covering and fibre core, but the intensity of the Bragg grating of the covering inside that the method is formed is very little, therefore the reflection strength of cladding mode resonant is very faint, and the resonance of cladding mode and core mode is through twice Energy Coupling of long period fiber grating, the reflection strength that therefore can detect is also very low, in addition, the inner Bragg grating of covering due to it is near the interface of covering and fibre core, therefore this Bragg optical grating construction impact on low order cladding mode is larger, and it is very little on the impact of high-order cladding mode, and the refractive index sensitivity of the cladding mode of low order is very low, test to only about 2.3nm/RIU, far below the refractive index sensitivity of traditional long period fiber grating.
Summary of the invention
For the defect that above-mentioned prior art exists, technical matters to be solved by this invention is to provide fibre cladding surface Bragg grating biochemical sensor and preparation method thereof.
In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, according to technical scheme of the present invention, fibre cladding surface Bragg grating biochemical sensor, comprise the fibre cladding of fiber core and parcel fiber core, it is characterized in that: the leading portion of described fiber core arranges long period fiber grating, this long period fiber grating as the photoresonance coupling mechanism of fiber core and fibre cladding, for core mode being coupled to cladding mode or cladding mode is coupled to core mode in the same way; Arrange fibre cladding surface Bragg grating at the stage casing outside surface of fibre cladding, this fibre cladding surface Bragg grating is made up of several point-like grooves or is made up of some the linear channel be parallel to each other; Described linear channel or point-like groove present periodic distribution along the axis of optical fiber, and carry out structural damage to fibre cladding outside surface; The conduit of described linear channel is along the distribution of optical fiber circumferencial direction, and point-blank, and this straight line is parallel with fiber optic hub axle for the Axisymmetric Distributed Line of all linear channel; The central point of all point-like grooves is positioned on straight line, and this straight line is parallel with fiber optic hub axle; This fibre cladding surface Bragg grating is as the reflection device of fibre cladding mould resonance; The fiber core at long period fiber grating rear is provided with optical fiber Bragg raster, and this optical fiber Bragg raster, as the reflection device of optical fiber fundamental resonance, plays temperature compensation.
Sensor construction unique distinction of the present invention is to adopt fibre cladding surface Bragg grating as external agency refractive index sensing unit, very strong refractive index fringe-adjusted can be caused at cladding surface, it is very large on the impact of high-order cladding mode, therefore, very strong cladding mode resonant can be obtained in covering, there is very high refractive index sensitivity simultaneously; In addition, fibre cladding surface Bragg grating maintains the narrow resonant bandwidth characteristic of traditional fiber Bragg grating, and therefore have the very high Q value factor, the measuring accuracy of refractive index is far above long period fiber grating; Secondly, fibre cladding surface Bragg optical grating construction also retains traditional fiber Bragg grating temperature, the gage factor much lower relative to long period fiber grating, therefore, fibre cladding surface Bragg grating longer cycle fiber grating has much lower temperature/strain cross-sensitivity; Finally, fibre cladding surface Bragg grating biochemical sensor does not need to do fibre cladding to corrode or milled processed, maintains integrality and the robustness of sensor.Optical fiber resonance coupling mechanism required for whole sensor and long period fiber grating, fibre cladding surface Bragg grating, temperature compensation unit and optical fiber Bragg raster are all integrated on one section of optical fiber, make the complete fiberize of whole sensor, microminiaturization, and structure is simple, volume is little, adaptive capacity to environment is strong, accurately determine the drift of the narrow band resonances wavelength of this fibre cladding surface Bragg grating, test result is reliable and stable.
Bragg grating biochemical sensor refractive index very responsive principle in fibre cladding of the present invention surface is: because Bragg optical grating construction is in the outer wall periphery of covering, so the reflection meeting the optical wavelength of condition of resonance in this Bragg grating pair high-order cladding mode light wave fields is much larger than to the reflection meeting the optical wavelength of condition of resonance in low order cladding mode light wave fields, again due to external agency variations in refractive index on the impact of high-order cladding mode evanscent field much larger than the impact on low order cladding mode evanscent field, therefore, when the refractive index of outside testing medium changes time, the effective refractive index of each rank cladding mode can be changed, thus the drift of the resonance wavelength of each rank cladding mode causing fibre cladding surface Bragg grating to reflect, and the resonance wavelength drift of high-order cladding mode is drifted about much larger than the resonance wavelength of low order cladding mode.
According to a preferred version of fibre cladding surface of the present invention Bragg grating biochemical sensor, the adsorption of described fibre cladding surface Bragg grating has silylation layer, and the outer surface of all the other fibre claddings has fiber optic protection coat; The surface of described silylation layer is fixed with fit layer, the characteristic of layer has target biological molecules or chemical composition to be measured selective absorbing or sensitivity that this is fit.
According to a preferred version of fibre cladding surface of the present invention Bragg grating biochemical sensor, the groove depth <0.5 μm of point-like groove or linear channel, well width is less than the half of fibre cladding surface Bragg screen periods, and the length of fibre cladding surface Bragg grating is between 10mm ~ 20mm; Long period fiber grating has the resonance loss peak that bandwidth is >10nm between 1500nm ~ 1600nm; The resonance peaks of certain high-order cladding mode of fibre cladding surface Bragg grating is near the resonance centre wavelength of long period fiber grating between 1500nm ~ 1600nm; The resonance peaks of optical fiber Bragg raster is outside the resonance band of long period fiber grating; When fibre cladding surface Bragg grating by some be parallel to each other have periodic linear channel form time, the length of linear channel conduit be fibre cladding section girth 1/4 ~ 1 between.
According to a preferred version of fibre cladding surface of the present invention Bragg grating biochemical sensor, be outside equipped with protective sleeve at fit layer, this protective sleeve be provided with molecule hole sizer.
Second technical scheme of the present invention is: fibre cladding surface Bragg grating biochemical sensor method for making, is characterized in that: comprise the steps:
The first step: get a single mode bare fibre, this single mode bare fibre only has the fibre cladding of fiber core and parcel fiber core; This single mode bare fibre is through the process of overload hydrogen;
Second step: make long period fiber grating: adopt ultraviolet light by the leading portion write long period fiber grating of amplitude mask plate exposure method at fiber core;
3rd step: make optical fiber Bragg raster: use double frequency Ar
+laser instrument, as light source, uses phase masks, the fiber core at long period fiber grating rear makes optical fiber Bragg raster;
4th step: make fibre cladding surface Bragg grating: with the pulse of femto-second laser Emission Lasers, electronic switch controls the break-make of light path, by controlled half-wave plate and the Gram prism formation linearly polarized light of decaying, with light beam beam splitting chip, beam splitting is carried out to light beam again, focus the laser beam to the outside surface in the stage casing of fibre cladding finally by inverted microcobjective, pointwise writes several point-like grooves or by-line writes some linear channel; Described linear channel or point-like groove present periodic distribution along the axis of optical fiber, and carry out structural damage to fibre cladding outside surface; Point-blank, and this straight line is parallel with fiber optic hub axle for the Axisymmetric Distributed Line of all linear channel; The central point of all point-like grooves is positioned on straight line, and this straight line is parallel with fiber optic hub axle; The conduit of described linear channel distributes along optical fiber circumferencial direction;
5th step: use optical fiber coating machine, applies last layer polymer fiber optic protection coat on the surface at the leading portion of fibre cladding and back segment;
6th step: working concentration is the nitric acid clean optical fiber surface of 5% ~ 8%, utilizes silane coupler solution to carry out silanization treatment to the outside surface in fibre cladding stage casing, forms silylation layer at its outside surface;
7th step: fix fit layer on the surface of silylation layer, the characteristic of layer has target biological molecules or chemical composition to be measured selective absorbing or sensitivity that this is fit.
According to the preferred version of fibre cladding surface of the present invention Bragg grating biochemical sensor method for making, the groove depth <0.5 μm of point-like groove or linear channel, well width is less than the half of fibre cladding surface Bragg screen periods, and the length of fibre cladding surface Bragg grating is between 10mm ~ 20mm; Long period fiber grating has the resonance loss peak that bandwidth is >10nm between 1500nm ~ 1600nm; The resonance peaks of certain high-order cladding mode of fibre cladding surface Bragg grating is near the resonance centre wavelength of long period fiber grating between 1500nm ~ 1600nm; The resonance peaks of optical fiber Bragg raster is outside the resonance band of long period fiber grating.
According to the preferred version of fibre cladding surface of the present invention Bragg grating biochemical sensor method for making, when fibre cladding surface Bragg grating be by some be parallel to each other there is periodic linear channel time, the length of conduit is between 1/4 ~ 1 of fibre cladding section girth.
According to the preferred version of fibre cladding surface of the present invention Bragg grating biochemical sensor method for making, the method also comprises the 8th step: outside fit layer, arrange protective sleeve; This protective sleeve is provided with molecule hole sizer, to enable target biological molecules or chemical molecular permeable molecule hole sizer to be measured.
The beneficial effect of fibre cladding surface of the present invention Bragg grating biochemical sensor and preparation method thereof is that structure of the present invention is unique, and method for making is simple, microminiaturized, fiberize; The present invention utilizes the narrowband reflection resonance characteristic of fibre cladding surface Bragg grating pair high-order cladding mode to measure or quantitatively/qualitative analysis biomolecule, chemical composition concentration, utilize the Bragg of optical fiber Bragg raster to reflect resonance characteristic and carry out temperature compensation, can the resonance wavelength of its reflectance spectrum of real-time monitored and the change of resonant intensity by spectroanalysis instrument, realize the sensing of biomolecule or chemical composition; The fields such as biology, chemical industry, medical science, life science can be widely used in.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is elaborated.
Fig. 1 is fibre cladding surface Bragg grating biochemical sensor structural representation; Wherein, fibre cladding surface Bragg grating is linear channel structure.
Fig. 2 is fibre cladding surface Bragg grating biochemical sensor structural representation; Wherein, fibre cladding surface Bragg grating is point-like groove structure.
The light wave coupling optical path schematic diagram of Fig. 3 fibre cladding surface Bragg grating.
Fig. 4 femto-second laser makes the system schematic of fibre cladding surface Bragg grating.
Fig. 5 fibre cladding surface Bragg grating biochemical sensor system diagram.
The reflectance spectrum signal graph of Fig. 6 fibre cladding surface Bragg grating biochemical sensor.
Embodiment
See Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, fibre cladding surface Bragg grating biochemical sensor, comprises the fibre cladding 2 of fiber core 3 and parcel fiber core 3; The leading portion of described fiber core 3 arranges long period fiber grating 4, this long period fiber grating 4 as the photoresonance coupling mechanism of fiber core 3 and fibre cladding 2, for core mode being coupled to cladding mode or cladding mode is coupled to core mode in the same way; Arrange fibre cladding surface Bragg grating 5 at the stage casing outside surface of fibre cladding 2, this fibre cladding surface Bragg grating 5 is made up of several point-like grooves or is made up of some the linear channel be parallel to each other; Described linear channel or point-like groove present periodic distribution along the axis of optical fiber, and carry out structural damage to fibre cladding outside surface; When fibre cladding surface Bragg grating 5 is made up of linear channel, the conduit of described linear channel is along the distribution of optical fiber circumferencial direction, and point-blank, and this straight line is parallel with fiber optic hub axle for the Axisymmetric Distributed Line of all linear channel; When fibre cladding surface Bragg grating 5 is made up of point-like groove, the central point of all point-like grooves is positioned on straight line, and this straight line is parallel with fiber optic hub axle; This fibre cladding surface Bragg grating 5 is as the reflection device of fibre cladding mould resonance; The fiber core 3 at long period fiber grating 4 rear is provided with optical fiber Bragg raster 6, and this optical fiber Bragg raster 6, as the reflection device of optical fiber fundamental resonance, plays temperature compensation.
The adsorption of described fibre cladding surface Bragg grating 5 has silylation layer 7, and the outer surface of all the other fibre claddings has fiber optic protection coat 1; The surface of described silylation layer 7 is fixed with fit layer 8, and this is fit layer 8 pairs of target biological molecules or chemical composition to be measured have the characteristic of selective absorbing or sensitivity.
In concrete enforcement, the length of long period fiber grating is 20mm ~ 50mm, has the resonance loss peak that bandwidth is >10nm, the stiffness of coupling >10dB at resonance loss peak between 1500nm ~ 1600nm; The length of fibre cladding surface Bragg grating is the groove depth <0.5 μm of 10mm ~ 20mm, point-like groove or linear channel, and well width is less than the half of fibre cladding surface Bragg screen periods; The resonance peaks of certain high-order cladding mode of fibre cladding surface Bragg grating 5 is near the resonance centre wavelength of long period fiber grating 4 between 1500nm ~ 1600nm; The length of optical fiber Bragg raster 6 is 10mm ~ 40mm, and its resonance peaks is outside the resonance band of long period fiber grating 4.The horizontal range of the front end of the rear end of described long period fiber grating 4 and fibre cladding surface Bragg grating 5 is 20mm ~ 30mm.
Biochemical sensitive principle of the present invention be utilize the narrowband reflection resonance characteristic of fibre cladding surface Bragg grating 5 pairs of high-order cladding modes to measure or quantitatively/qualitative analysis biomolecule, chemical composition concentration, utilize the Bragg of optical fiber Bragg raster to reflect resonance characteristic and carry out temperature compensation.The transmission light path schematic diagram of sensor is see Fig. 3, and when broadband light λ is transferred to long period fiber grating 4, the energy meeting the light of condition of resonance will will be coupled to transmission in fibre cladding 2 and form cladding mode; When this part propagates into fibre cladding surface Bragg grating 5 and optical fiber Bragg raster 6 respectively with the light of cladding mode form transmission and the light of remaining core mode, meet the wavelength of the narrow band resonances condition of the high-order cladding mode of fibre cladding surface Bragg grating 5 respectively namely
with the wavelength of Bragg condition of resonance of fibre core basic mode and the λ that meet optical fiber Bragg raster 6
braggto be reflected back; Wherein,
evanscent field through fibre cladding surface, and act on the solution of biomolecule or chemical composition or a tiny area of its responsive rete.In the mechanism of evanescent wave, the change of the kind of biomolecule or chemical composition, quantity or concentration will affect the refractive index of the responsive rete of the outer biological or chemical molecular of covering or its solution etc., thus change the condition of resonance of the high-order cladding mode of fibre cladding surface Bragg grating 5, thus cause high-order cladding mode resonant wavelength
drift, the variation relation between them is determined, the light be reflected back in covering
when propagating arrival long period fiber grating 4, portion of energy again will be coupled and get back in fibre core.And by light λ that optical fiber Bragg raster 6 reflects in fibre core
bragglong period fiber grating will be passed completely through and continue transmission.So, two harmonic peaks can be detected namely at reflection end,
and λ
bragg, the harmonic peak of fibre cladding surface Bragg grating 5
to temperature and refractive index all responsive, special refractive index sensitivity very, and the harmonic peak λ of optical fiber Bragg raster 6
braggonly to responsive to temperature.Can the resonance wavelength of reflectance spectrum of its reflection end of real-time monitored and the change of resonant intensity by spectroanalysis instrument, just can to the concentration of biomolecule or chemical composition, realize biomolecule or chemical composition carries out real-time sensing.
Fibre cladding surface Bragg grating biochemical sensor can represent with following formula sensing while biochemical mediators refractive index and temperature:
Wherein, Δ n and Δ T represents the change size of biochemical mediators refractive index and environment temperature respectively,
with Δ λ
braggrepresent the high-order cladding mode resonant wavelength of fibre cladding surface Bragg grating 5 respectively
drift value and the Bragg resonance wavelength of optical fiber Bragg raster 6
braggdrift value.The refractive index sensitivity of the high-order cladding mode of α, β difference fibre cladding surface Bragg grating 5 and temperature control, γ represents the temperature control of optical fiber Bragg raster 6.
When concrete utilization, above-mentioned fibre cladding surface Bragg grating biochemical sensor can be formed sensor-based system, as shown in Figure 5, this system comprises: bandwidth light source 20, three-dB coupler 21, fibre cladding surface Bragg grating biochemical sensor 22, fiber spectrometer 23 and computing machine 24; Bandwidth light source 20 uses the ASE light source of centre wavelength 1550nm, bandwidth >100nm; Bandwidth light source 20 by Fiber connection to three-dB coupler 21, three-dB coupler 21 by Fiber connection to the long period fiber grating 4 in fibre cladding surface Bragg grating biochemical sensor 22; The another one port of three-dB coupler 21 is by Fiber connection to fiber spectrometer 23, and fiber spectrometer 23 is connected with computing machine 24 by data-interface.
Be described for the glucose molecule concentration of testing blood sugar solution below.
Because long period fiber grating 4 has optical fiber coating, not by the impact of extraneous variations in refractive index; The fit layer of glucose oxidase on the surface of fibre cladding surface Bragg grating 5 is to the sensitivity of the glucose molecule of blood sugar solution, the change of glucose molecule concentration of blood sugar solution and the change of environment temperature will cause the condition of resonance change of fibre cladding surface Bragg grating 5, thus cause the resonance wavelength of fibre cladding surface Bragg grating and the change of resonant intensity, the spectral information of this change by Optical Fiber Transmission to fiber spectrometer.So, light in optical fiber is coupled to the evanscent field of high-order cladding mode in the surface formation of fibre cladding surface Bragg grating 5 through long period fiber grating 4, act on the fit layer of glucose oxidase, when sensor is exposed under blood sugar solution environmental, the glucose molecule of blood sugar solution will to combine reaction with the fit layer of glucose oxidase, thus change the condition of resonance of fibre cladding surface Bragg grating 5, be reflected in the resonance wavelength of reflection end spectrum and the change of resonant intensity.And the change of environment temperature also can affect the condition of resonance of optical fiber Bragg raster simultaneously, be also reflected in reflection end spectrally; The spectral signal that fiber spectrometer 23 obtains delivers to computing machine 24 by data-interface, and the signal spectrum that computing machine obtains as shown in Figure 6.Computing machine 24 processes spectroscopic data and shows concentration and the environment temperature of the glucose molecule of blood sugar solution.During measurement, this sensor is placed in tested blood sugar solution, the delta data of the computing machine Real-time Obtaining reflectance spectrum in sensor-based system, and calculate glucose molecule concentration and the environment temperature of tested blood sugar solution according to the sensitivity coefficient demarcated, thus realize the glucose molecule concentration of blood sugar solution and the sensing of environment temperature.
Fibre cladding surface Bragg grating biochemical sensor method for making, comprises the steps:
The first step: get a single mode bare fibre, this single mode bare fibre only has the fibre cladding 2 of fiber core 3 and parcel fiber core 3; This single mode bare fibre is through the process of overload hydrogen;
Second step: make long period fiber grating 4: adopt ultraviolet light by the leading portion write long period fiber grating 4 of amplitude mask plate exposure method at fiber core 3; In concrete enforcement, the length of long period fiber grating is 20mm ~ 50mm, has the resonance loss peak that bandwidth is 20nm ~ 30nm, the stiffness of coupling >10dB at resonance loss peak between 1500nm ~ 1600nm;
3rd step: make optical fiber Bragg raster 6: use double frequency Ar
+laser instrument, as light source, uses phase masks, the fiber core 3 at long period fiber grating 4 rear makes optical fiber Bragg raster; In concrete enforcement, the length of optical fiber Bragg raster is 10mm ~ 40mm, and its Bragg resonance wavelength is in outside the resonance band of long period fiber grating.
In manufacturing process, the Bragg resonance wavelength of optical fiber Bragg raster is as follows:
λ
Bragg＝2n
eff·Λ
co2
In formula, λ
braggrepresent the Bragg resonance wavelength of optical fiber Bragg raster, n
effrepresent the effective refractive index of fiber core basic mode, Λ
corepresent the cycle of optical fiber Bragg raster.Therefore, the effective refractive index n of fiber core basic mode first can be calculated according to the structural parameters of known single-mode fiber
eff, and the Bragg resonance wavelength that design is wanted
bragg, the cycle size Λ of the optical fiber Bragg raster needing write can be calculated by formula 2
co.
4th step: make fibre cladding surface Bragg grating 5: production program as shown in Figure 4, femto-second laser 11 launches the 800nm laser pulse of 120fs ~ 150fs, electronic switch 12 controls the break-make of light path, then linearly polarized light is formed by a controlled half-wave plate 13 of decay and Gram prism 14, beam splitting is carried out again with light beam beam splitting chip 15 pairs of light beams, finally by an enlargement factor be 100 × inverted microcobjective 16 focus the laser beam to the stage casing outside surface of fibre cladding 2, pointwise writes several point-like grooves or by-line writes some linear channel, point-like groove or linear channel all carry out structural damage to fibre cladding outside surface, described linear channel or point-like groove present periodic distribution along the axis of optical fiber, namely the Axisymmetric Distributed Line of all linear channel point-blank, and this straight line is parallel with fiber optic hub axle, the central point of all point-like grooves is positioned on straight line, and this straight line is parallel with fiber optic hub axle, the conduit of described linear channel distributes along optical fiber circumferencial direction,
In concrete enforcement, automatically controlled 2D precision displacement platform 17 is fixed with the plate fiber clamp 18 that a surface is extremely smooth, optical fiber is fixed on X or Y-direction by fiber clamp 18.Whole manufacturing process uses ccd video camera 19 to monitor.Available computer program control 2D precision displacement platform 17 prepared in advance is in the displacement of X, Y-direction, electronic switch 12 is coordinated to control the break-make of laser optical path, thus the focus point controlling laser beam writes the point-like groove or linear channel that design in advance on the surface of fibre cladding, the fibre cladding surface Bragg grating 5 required for final formation.
In concrete enforcement, the high-order cladding mode resonant wavelength of fibre cladding surface Bragg grating 5 is determined by following formula:
In formula, m represents the exponent number of fibre cladding surface Bragg grating 5, and k represents the exponent number of fibre cladding mould,
represent the resonance wavelength of kth rank cladding mode,
represent the effective refractive index of kth rank cladding mode, Λ
claddrepresent the cycle of fibre cladding surface Bragg grating 5.Therefore, the effective refractive index of kth rank cladding mode first can be calculated according to the structural parameters of known single-mode fiber
and the resonance wavelength of kth rank cladding mode that design is wanted
and after the Bragg grating 5 exponent number m of fibre cladding surface, the cycle size Λ of the fibre cladding surface Bragg grating 5 needing write can be calculated by formula 3
cladd.
5th step: use optical fiber coating machine, applies last layer polymer fiber optic protection coat 1 on the surface at the leading portion of fibre cladding 2 and back segment.
6th step: working concentration is the nitric acid clean optical fiber surface of 5% ~ 8%, utilizes silane coupler solution to carry out silanization treatment to the outside surface in fibre cladding stage casing, forms silylation layer 7 at its outside surface.
7th step: fix fit layer 8 on the surface of silylation layer 7, this is fit layer 8 pairs of target biological molecules or chemical composition to be measured have the characteristic of selective absorbing or sensitivity.
Such as, when making the sensor of test thrombin proteins biomolecule, use fibrin ferment oligonucleotide aptamers to hatch fibre cladding surface Bragg grating 5, form the fibrin ferment oligonucleotide aptamers layer of thickness about tens nm on the surface of silylation layer 7.As, when making the sensor of test immunoglobulin (Ig) antigen, use immune globulin antibody to hatch fibre cladding surface Bragg grating 5, form the immune globulin antibody layer of thickness about tens nm on the surface of silylation layer 7; For another example, when making the sensor of the glucose molecule concentration of test blood sugar solution, use glucose oxidase to hatch fibre cladding surface Bragg grating 5, form the fit layer of glucose oxidase of thickness about tens nm on the surface of silylation layer 7.
8th step: protective sleeve 9 is set outside fit layer 8; This protective sleeve 9 is provided with molecule hole sizer, to enable target biological molecules or chemical molecular permeable molecule hole sizer to be measured.In concrete enforcement, at leading portion and the back segment outside surface of optical fiber, transition buffer cover 10 is installed, is fractureed to avoid optical fiber.
Claims (9)
1. fibre cladding surface Bragg grating biochemical sensor, comprise the fibre cladding (2) of fiber core (3) and parcel fiber core (3), it is characterized in that: the leading portion of described fiber core (3) arranges long period fiber grating (4), arrange fibre cladding surface Bragg grating (5) at the stage casing outside surface of fibre cladding (2), this fibre cladding surface Bragg grating (5) is made up of some linear channel or is made up of several point-like grooves; Described linear channel or point-like groove present periodic distribution along the axis of optical fiber; The conduit of described linear channel distributes along optical fiber circumferencial direction; The fiber core (3) at long period fiber grating (4) rear is provided with optical fiber Bragg raster (6).
2. fibre cladding surface according to claim 1 Bragg grating biochemical sensor, it is characterized in that: the adsorption of described fibre cladding surface Bragg grating (5) has silylation layer (7), and the outer surface of all the other fibre claddings has fiber optic protection coat (1); The surface of described silylation layer (7) is fixed with fit layer (8), the characteristic of layer (8) has target biological molecules or chemical composition to be measured selective absorbing or sensitivity that this is fit.
3. fibre cladding surface according to claim 1 and 2 Bragg grating biochemical sensor, it is characterized in that: the groove depth <0.5 μm of point-like groove or linear channel, well width is less than the half in fibre cladding surface Bragg grating (5) cycle, and the length of fibre cladding surface Bragg grating (5) is between 10mm ~ 20mm; Long period fiber grating (4) has the resonance loss peak that bandwidth is >10nm between 1500nm ~ 1600nm; The resonance peaks of certain high-order cladding mode of fibre cladding surface Bragg grating (5) is near the resonance centre wavelength of long period fiber grating (4) between 1500nm ~ 1600nm; The resonance peaks of optical fiber Bragg raster (6) is outside the resonance band of long period fiber grating (4).
4. fibre cladding surface according to claim 3 Bragg grating biochemical sensor, it is characterized in that: when fibre cladding surface Bragg grating (5) by some be parallel to each other have periodic linear channel form time, the length of linear channel conduit is between 1/4 ~ 1 of fibre cladding section girth.
5. fibre cladding surface according to claim 4 Bragg grating biochemical sensor, it is characterized in that: be outside equipped with protective sleeve (9) at fit layer (8), (9) are provided with molecule hole sizer to this protective sleeve.
6. fibre cladding surface Bragg grating biochemical sensor method for making, is characterized in that: comprise the steps:
The first step: get a single mode bare fibre, this single mode bare fibre only has the fibre cladding (2) of fiber core (3) and parcel fiber core (3); This single mode bare fibre is through the process of overload hydrogen;
Second step: make long period fiber grating (4): adopt ultraviolet light by leading portion write long period fiber grating (4) of amplitude mask plate exposure method at fiber core (3);
3rd step: make optical fiber Bragg raster (6): use double frequency Ar
+laser instrument, as light source, uses phase masks, the fiber core (3) at long period fiber grating (4) rear makes optical fiber Bragg raster;
4th step: make fibre cladding surface Bragg grating (5): with femto-second laser (11) Emission Lasers pulse, electronic switch (12) controls the break-make of light path, by decaying half-wave plate (13) controlled and Gram prism (14) forms linearly polarized light, light beam beam splitting chip (15) is used to carry out beam splitting to light beam again, focus the laser beam to the outside surface in the stage casing of fibre cladding (2) finally by inverted microcobjective (16), pointwise writes several point-like grooves or by-line writes some linear channel; Described linear channel or point-like groove present periodic distribution along the axis of optical fiber; The conduit of described linear channel is along the distribution of optical fiber circumferencial direction, and point-blank, and this straight line is parallel with fiber optic hub axle for the Axisymmetric Distributed Line of all linear channel; The central point of all point-like grooves is positioned on straight line, and this straight line is parallel with fiber optic hub axle;
5th step: use optical fiber coating machine, applies last layer polymer fiber optic protection coat (1) on the surface at the leading portion of fibre cladding (2) and back segment;
6th step: working concentration is the nitric acid clean optical fiber surface of 5% ~ 8%, utilizes silane coupler solution to carry out silanization treatment to the outside surface in fibre cladding stage casing, forms silylation layer (7) at its outside surface;
7th step: fix fit layer (8) on the surface of silylation layer (7), the characteristic of layer (8) has target biological molecules or chemical composition to be measured selective absorbing or sensitivity that this is fit.
7. fibre cladding surface according to claim 6 Bragg grating biochemical sensor method for making, it is characterized in that: the groove depth <0.5 μm of point-like groove or linear channel, well width is less than the half in fibre cladding surface Bragg grating (5) cycle, and the length of fibre cladding surface Bragg grating (5) is between 10mm ~ 20mm; Long period fiber grating (4) has the resonance loss peak that bandwidth is >10nm between 1500nm ~ 1600nm; The resonance peaks of certain high-order cladding mode of fibre cladding surface Bragg grating (5) is near the resonance centre wavelength of long period fiber grating (4) between 1500nm ~ 1600nm; The resonance peaks of optical fiber Bragg raster (6) is outside the resonance band of long period fiber grating (4).
8. the fibre cladding surface Bragg grating biochemical sensor method for making according to claim 6 or 7, it is characterized in that: when fibre cladding surface Bragg grating (5) is for during by some linear channel, the length of conduit is between 1/4 ~ 1 of fibre cladding section girth.
9. fibre cladding surface according to claim 8 Bragg grating biochemical sensor method for making, is characterized in that: the method also comprises the 8th step: outside fit layer (8), arrange protective sleeve (9); (9) are provided with molecule hole sizer to this protective sleeve, to enable target biological molecules or chemical molecular permeable molecule hole sizer to be measured.
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