CN105401724A - Printing forming method for overhung part to achieve building printing - Google Patents
Printing forming method for overhung part to achieve building printing Download PDFInfo
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- CN105401724A CN105401724A CN201510673678.0A CN201510673678A CN105401724A CN 105401724 A CN105401724 A CN 105401724A CN 201510673678 A CN201510673678 A CN 201510673678A CN 105401724 A CN105401724 A CN 105401724A
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- printing
- building
- shower nozzle
- backing material
- encorbelmenting
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 74
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 60
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 70
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052602 gypsum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010440 gypsum Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000122 acrylonitrile butadiene styrene Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000032798 delamination Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012778 molding material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010146 3D printing Methods 0.000 abstract description 15
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000004566 building material Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004134 energy conservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- IXSZQYVWNJNRAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N etoxazole Chemical compound CCOC1=CC(C(C)(C)C)=CC=C1C1N=C(C=2C(=CC=CC=2F)F)OC1 IXSZQYVWNJNRAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000012805 post-processing Methods 0.000 description 1
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
- E04G21/00—Preparing, conveying, or working-up building materials or building elements in situ; Other devices or measures for constructional work
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B1/00—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B1/00—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material
- B28B1/001—Rapid manufacturing of 3D objects by additive depositing, agglomerating or laminating of material
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a forming method for adopting various printing materials and a plurality of printing heads to manufacture a building with an overhung part. The method comprises the steps that a three-dimensional CAD solid model of the building is established according to the pre-printed building, and corresponding supporting structures are generated for the overhung part of the pre-printed building; slicing layering is carried out on the three-dimensional CAD solid model comprising supporting structures, and the structure information and machining information of a solid part and a supporting part of each layer are obtained; the structure of each solid part is formed through building materials, and the structure of each supporting part is formed through other types of materials; the building printing process and the fuse wire deposition manufacturing technology during three-dimensional printing are similar, and nozzle extrusion forming materials and layering stacking are carried out for printing forming; and after printing is finished, the supporting materials are removed, and the building with the overhung structure is obtained accordingly. According to the method, various materials and multiple nozzles are combined with the 3D printing technology, printing forming of the overhung part of the building is achieved, the procedure is simple, the manufacturing cost is low, and the supporting materials can be repeatedly utilized.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of forming method of encorbelmenting built in printing, be specifically related to the 3D printing shaping field of the building with cantilevered structure.
Background technology
Building prints (also claim building 3D prints, 3D print building etc.) is a kind of 3D printing shaping method adopting 3D printing technique to make large-sized object (comprising sculpture for city, Landscape Architecture, functional architecture etc.), and the method is integrated with that computer, automation, machinery, electronics, material etc. are multidisciplinary to be integrated.
The target that building 3D prints and function are: architect can go out digital building structure by 3D design software system rapid Design, print equipment by heavy construction, adopt three-dimensional printing technology to build large-scale, baroque sculpture for city or complete function fast and automatically and take into account the entity building of Aesthetic Art.
Building 3D printing technique, compared with traditional architectural technology, has the feature of low-carbon (LC), green, environmental protection, is embodied in: 1) intensity is high---and owing to being one-body molded, impact strength is far above traditional architecture; 2) speed is fast---fast more than 10 times of comparable traditional architectural technology; 3) cost is low---the free forming feature utilizing 3D to print, and significantly can save material, the sculpture for city utilizing waste coal slag, steel slag to print or the theme art work have twice laid, advantage with low cost; 4) quality is high---and print procedure is full automation almost, does not need the construction worker of substantial amounts, substantially increases production efficiency, improve construction quality; 5) environmental protection, art and function integration---be combined with other kinds 3D printing technique, Robotics and advanced forming technique, the high cost measure and positioning that other modes are difficult to build can be printed, the especially artistic ecotecture combined together with environmental protection.
It will be subversive that building 3D prints the change brought environmental protection, builing industry, premixed concrete industry.When whole world environment pollution is increasingly serious, development environment-friendly type industry is the inevitable requirement of various countries' sustainable development, and what building 3D printing technique and industry were brought is not only a field technology revolution, an environmental protection revolution especially.China's the ninth five-year plan is pointed out while builing industry and building material industry are classified as pillar industry, " building materials industry should with adjust structure, energy-conservation, save land, economize on water, decreasing pollution attaches most importance to; increase quality product energetically; development commercial concrete; actively utilize industrial residue, walk the road of sustainable development ".Building 3D prints and not only more effectively can utilize concrete material, and greatly reduce cement demand, more can increase substantially building service life, this measure greatly reduces again the generation of building waste undoubtedly, decreases repeated construction.Premixed concrete industry is also bound to become from the industry development of a low technical threshold Gold Industry of a high technology content, high added value.
3D building prints and can replace traditional build model, becomes the principal mode of future architecture industry.It is for current building trade, will be to have revolutionary character, subversive meaning.Cause domestic and international multiple country at present, especially American-European and domestic great attention.
But current building prints, the material such as concrete or gypsum is commonly due to what adopt, the weak weakness of slow, the shaping early strength of its shaping speed is obvious, if therefore adopt single printed material and single printhead, the object of simple shape can only be printed, and helpless for the building structure containing encorbelment (or claiming cantilever, overarm etc.).
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to, overcome the technological deficiency that prior art exists, a kind of forming method adopting multiple printed material and multiple printhead to make the building containing cantilever part is provided.
The present invention uses following technical scheme to realize goal of the invention:
1) set up its three-dimensional CAD physical model according to the building of pre-print, for its part of encorbelmenting, generate corresponding braced structures;
2) slicing delamination is carried out to the three-dimensional CAD physical model comprising braced structures, obtain the entity part of every layer and the structural information of support section and machining information;
3) structure of entity part adopts constructional materials shaping;
4) structure of support section adopts other class forming materials;
5) the fused deposition modeling technique in the print procedure of building and 3 D-printing is similar, all takes shower nozzle extrusion molding material, successively piles up and printing shaping;
6) remove backing material again after having printed, thus obtain the building with cantilevered structure.
For the forming method of described entity structure, its method is: computer controls printing head and does the printing campaign set according to the structural information of every one deck, and extrudes concrete or gypsum or other selectively according to machining information and be built into shaped material; In the process that shower nozzle is extruded, carrying out rapid curing or bonding reaction by spraying accelerating admixture or reaction dissolvent or light curing agent, forming the entity synusia with some strength and thickness.
For the forming method of described braced structures, its method is: computer controls printing head and does the printing campaign set according to the structural information of every one deck, and according to machining information extrusion plastic or other moulding material easily removed selectively; In the process that shower nozzle is extruded, melt by causing it to powder plastics or block plastic heating, utilize screw rod or other extrusion mechanisms to make it extrude the support synusia being formed and have some strength and thickness; Selected backing material and solid material should easily be peeled off, and easily reclaim, and preferred Plastic dusty material is as fid; According to the braced structures of the structure design various ways of building cantilever part, inclined beam type or rectilinear or packaging type can be generally; For accelerating the print speed of support zone, multiple printhead also can be adopted to spray backing material.
The printing head of the solid material described in the method adopts pumping and screw rod compound extruded mode, and the printing head of backing material adopts electrical heating and screw rod compound extruded mode; The nozzle bore of the printing head of solid material and backing material is generally 1 ~ 500mm, and typical injection diameter is 5 ~ 100mm; In the process printing every one deck, as needs print backing material and solid material simultaneously, generally first to print backing material, rear printing solid material.
When the building that some moulding of printing are comparatively complicated, due to the solidification of the concrete that adopts or the moulding material such as gypsum or setting time longer, early strength is more weak, when the Curvature varying of cantilever part is larger, be easy to occur collapsing, at this moment just need to adopt less thickness, namely print thickness and reduce; And during for printing vertical wall, for reducing the time-write interval, at this moment just need to adopt larger thickness, namely printing thickness increases.The method is called the thick dicing method of change layer.In implementation process, can according to the Curvature varying of cantilever part, adopt the thick dicing method of change layer, namely Curvature varying is larger, and its slice thickness is about thin; In forming process, the position that Curvature varying is larger, the material output quantity of solid material and the printing head corresponding to backing material is about little, and its shaping thickness is consistent with the slice thickness numerical value of Practical computer teaching.The thick dicing method of this change layer can adopt flexibly according to the actual demand of building.Generally, advise when the Curvature varying of building print position is little, the thickness dicing methods such as employing; When changing greatly, adopt the thick dicing method of change layer.Two kinds of method flexibilities are used.
Beneficial effect: 1. at architectural CAD model design phase, just for its suitable braced structures of printed design of cantilever part; In print procedure, adopt multiple printhead and multiple moulding material, to ensure the shaping smoothly of cantilever part.2. backing material adopts Plastic dusty material, easily removes, easily reclaims, after printing completes, just can remove when solid building materials reaches its enough intensity, and last handling process is comparatively simple, low cost of manufacture.
The inventive method adopts multiple material, multiple shower nozzle to print technique in conjunction with 3D, realizes the printing shaping of the cantilever part of building, and operation is simple, low cost of manufacture, backing material can reuse.The inventive method is particularly useful for the printing shaping of the building of labyrinth, has a wide range of applications in this type of the building forming field such as landscape sculpture, small building, artificial hillock.
Accompanying drawing illustrates: trouble teacher all to make black and white into figure.
Shown in Fig. 1 is the building 3D printing shaping method schematic diagram with cantilever part;
Shown in Fig. 2 is have the vertical support adding method schematic diagram in the building 3D printing shaping process of cantilever part;
Shown in Fig. 3 is have the lattice support adding method schematic diagram in the building 3D printing shaping process of cantilever part;
Shown in Fig. 4 is that the optimization had in the building 3D printing shaping process of cantilever part supports adding method schematic diagram;
Shown in Fig. 5 is that the parcel had in the building 3D printing shaping process of cantilever part supports adding method schematic diagram.
Above figure comprises the building 1 that 3D prints, the thick section 2 in the thick section of change layer, the slice 3 in the thick section of change layer, shower nozzle installing rack 4, solid material shower nozzle 5, solid material 6, backing material shower nozzle 7, backing material 8, the support 9 of printing, the substrate 10 of support, the vertical-type printed supports 91, the grid type printed supports 92, and the Optimization-type of printing supports 93, and the coated of printing supports 94.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the present invention is further illustrated.
As Fig. 1: to print 1 in diagram, adopt two kinds of printing heads: be respectively solid material shower nozzle 5 and backing material shower nozzle 7, the solid material 6 contained in solid material shower nozzle 5 is concrete, and the backing material 8 contained in backing material shower nozzle 7 is ABS plastic particle.Solid material shower nozzle 5 and backing material shower nozzle 7 are arranged on shower nozzle installing rack 4 respectively.Shower nozzle installing rack 4 as former moving component first under control of the computer, according to the shaping information of computer settings successively complete 3D print motion.
The detailed process that employing 3D printing and making contains the building of cantilever part is as follows:
Set up its three-dimensional CAD physical model according to the building 1 of pre-print, for its part of encorbelmenting, generate corresponding braced structures; The thick section of change layer is carried out to the three-dimensional CAD physical model comprising braced structures, obtains existing the slicing delamination that thickness does not wait, obtain the entity part of every layer and the structural information of support section and machining information; When the position that printing Curvature varying is little, the concrete material 6 that shower nozzle 5 sprays can strengthen output quantity under control of the computer, thus produces the thick section 2 in the thick section of change layer, and now backing material shower nozzle 7 does not work; When the position that printing Curvature varying is larger, the concrete material 6 that shower nozzle 5 sprays can reduce output quantity under control of the computer, thus produces the slice 3 in the thick section of change layer, and now backing material shower nozzle 7 is started working; When needing to print support 9 for every layer, backing material shower nozzle 7 first works, work after solid material shower nozzle 5; For guaranteeing that the support 9 pairs of cantilever parts printed have enough strength support, according to actual conditions, the substrate 10 of printing thicker support bottom building with backing material can be adopted.
In printing shaping process, the structure of the support 9 of printing can be selected as the case may be flexibly, and 4 embodiments illustrate several difference and support addition manner below.
Embodiment 1:
Support addition manner shown in Fig. 2 is the simplest a kind of, and it is simple that the vertical-type printed supports 91 structures, is applicable to the simple building of moulding, and this type of supports and is easy to remove.But this type of support strength is more weak, be unsuitable for the support of heavier cantilever part, and supporting the contact surface position of bottom of encorbelmenting with building, comparatively coarse, need the suitable post processing such as to polish.
Embodiment 2:
Support addition manner shown in Fig. 3 is form of structure and the adding method that grid type supports 92, and this type of support strength is better, but it is longer to support the time-write interval, and waste backing material phenomenon is relatively more serious, and the contact surface position supporting bottom of encorbelmenting with building is also more coarse.
Implement 3:
Support addition manner shown in Fig. 4 is form of structure and the adding method that Optimization-type supports 93, this type of adding method supported is the structure according to building and cantilever part, and the factor such as the mechanical property of solid material and backing material and physical property, generate after carrying out comprehensive analysis and optimization.The method with use minimum backing material produce enough support strengths for according to and carry out designing.The method has that backing material use amount is minimum, supporting removal easily, support time-write interval shorter advantage, but still more coarse at the contact surface position supporting bottom of encorbelmenting with building.
Implement 4:
Support addition manner shown in Fig. 5 is form of structure and the adding method that coated supports 94, and this type of interpolation supported and above-mentioned 3 kinds of implementation methods can be used in combination, and namely embodiment 1 and 4, embodiment 2 and 4, embodiment 3 and 4 can use respectively simultaneously.The interpolation of this kind of coated support goes out the integument consistent with it according to the curve printing of cantilever part, similarly is the partial shell (general only needs prints the partial shell that can support this cantilever part, incomplete type) of this cantilever part.This kind of method has the advantage of embodiment 3, in turn ensure that contact surface position smooth supporting bottom of encorbelmenting with building simultaneously, and easily peels off.
Below be only be concrete material and backing material be ABS particle according to solid material be example, set forth this working of an invention process.If adopt two or more solid materials and two or more backing materials, or when adopting plural solid material shower nozzle and the making of plural backing material shower nozzle to have the building of cantilever part, implementation process and above-mentioned implementation method similar, suitable change can be done.
Claims (8)
1. realize the printing shaping method building the part of encorbelmenting printed, its step is as follows:
1) set up its three-dimensional CAD physical model according to the building of pre-print, for its part of encorbelmenting, generate corresponding braced structures;
2) slicing delamination is carried out to the three-dimensional CAD physical model comprising braced structures, obtain the entity part of every layer and the structural information of support section and machining information;
3) shaping structures of entity part adopts constructional materials shaping;
4) shaping structures of support section adopts other class forming materials;
5) the fused deposition modeling technique in the print procedure of building and 3 D-printing is similar, all takes shower nozzle extrusion molding material, successively piles up and printing shaping;
6) remove backing material again after having printed, thus obtain the building with cantilevered structure.
2. the printing shaping method realizing the part of encorbelmenting that building prints according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the forming process of entity structure is as follows: computer controls printing head and does the printing campaign set according to the structural information of every one deck, and extrudes concrete or gypsum or other selectively according to machining information and be built into shaped material; In the process that shower nozzle is extruded, carrying out rapid curing or bonding reaction by spraying accelerating admixture or reaction dissolvent or light curing agent, forming the entity synusia with some strength and thickness.
3. the printing shaping method realizing the part of encorbelmenting that building prints according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the forming process of braced structures is as follows: computer controls printing head and does the printing campaign set according to the structural information of every one deck, and according to machining information extrusion plastic or other moulding material easily removed selectively; In the process that shower nozzle is extruded, melt by causing it to powder plastics or block plastic heating, utilize screw rod or other extrusion mechanisms to make it extrude the support synusia being formed and have some strength and thickness; Selected backing material and solid material should easily be peeled off, and easily reclaim, and preferred Plastic dusty material is as backing material.
4. the printing shaping method of the part of encorbelmenting that the realization building according to any one of claim 1,2,3 prints, is characterized in that:
1) printing head of solid material adopts pumping and screw rod compound extruded mode, and the printing head of backing material adopts electrical heating and screw rod compound extruded mode;
2) nozzle bore of the printing head of solid material and backing material is generally 1 ~ 500mm, and typical injection diameter is 5 ~ 100mm;
3) in the process printing every one deck, as needs print backing material and solid material simultaneously, generally first backing material to be printed, rear printing solid material.
5. the printing shaping method of the part of encorbelmenting that the realization building according to any one of claim 1,2,3 prints, is characterized in that:
1) structure design of building cantilever part is the braced structures of various ways;
2) shower nozzle is multiple.
6. the printing shaping method of the part of encorbelmenting that the realization building according to any one of claim 1,2,3 prints, it is characterized in that: the printing of cantilever part, according to its Curvature varying, adopt the thick section Method of printing of change layer, namely Curvature varying is larger, and its slice thickness is about thin; In forming process, the position that Curvature varying is larger, the material output quantity of solid material and the printing head corresponding to backing material is about little, and its shaping thickness is consistent with the slice thickness numerical value of Practical computer teaching.
7. the printing shaping method realizing the part of encorbelmenting that building prints according to claim 5, is characterized in that: braced structures is that vertical-type supports or grid type supports or Optimization-type supports or coated supports.
8. the printing head in any one of claim 1 to 7 claim, it is characterized in that, shower nozzle is two kinds, is respectively solid material shower nozzle and backing material shower nozzle, the solid material contained in solid material shower nozzle is concrete, and the backing material contained in backing material shower nozzle is ABS plastic particle.Solid material shower nozzle and backing material shower nozzle 7 are arranged on shower nozzle installing rack respectively.Shower nozzle installing rack as former moving component first under control of the computer, according to the shaping information of computer settings successively complete 3D print motion.
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| CN201510673678.0A CN105401724A (en) | 2015-10-13 | 2015-10-13 | Printing forming method for overhung part to achieve building printing |
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| CN201510673678.0A CN105401724A (en) | 2015-10-13 | 2015-10-13 | Printing forming method for overhung part to achieve building printing |
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Cited By (18)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN105643943A (en) * | 2016-03-31 | 2016-06-08 | 周宏志 | Generating method and generating system for support of additive manufacturing |
| CN105904573A (en) * | 2016-05-06 | 2016-08-31 | 河海大学 | Manufacture method for transparent rock masses based on 3D printing technology |
| CN106623786A (en) * | 2016-12-23 | 2017-05-10 | 浙江萌宠日记信息科技股份有限公司 | Three-dimensional printer for jewelry production and printing method thereof |
| CN106863771A (en) * | 2017-01-22 | 2017-06-20 | 宁夏共享模具有限公司 | A kind of method that FDM prints die cavity class mould |
| CN107035149A (en) * | 2017-05-17 | 2017-08-11 | 都书鹏 | Without mould 3D printing casting concrete technique and application |
| CN107471651A (en) * | 2017-03-03 | 2017-12-15 | 珠海赛纳打印科技股份有限公司 | Supporting construction, the Method of printing of supporting construction and print system |
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| CN112942837A (en) * | 2021-01-22 | 2021-06-11 | 河北工业大学 | Cantilever structure concrete 3D printing method and system |
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