CN105393855A - 一种油用牡丹田间除草方法 - Google Patents

一种油用牡丹田间除草方法 Download PDF

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CN105393855A
CN105393855A CN201510965112.5A CN201510965112A CN105393855A CN 105393855 A CN105393855 A CN 105393855A CN 201510965112 A CN201510965112 A CN 201510965112A CN 105393855 A CN105393855 A CN 105393855A
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王亚波
蒋泽平
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    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01M—CATCHING, TRAPPING OR SCARING OF ANIMALS; APPARATUS FOR THE DESTRUCTION OF NOXIOUS ANIMALS OR NOXIOUS PLANTS
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    • A01M7/00—Special adaptations or arrangements of liquid-spraying apparatus for purposes covered by this subclass
    • A01M7/0025—Mechanical sprayers
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    • A01M7/0042—Field sprayers, e.g. self-propelled, drawn or tractor-mounted
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01M—CATCHING, TRAPPING OR SCARING OF ANIMALS; APPARATUS FOR THE DESTRUCTION OF NOXIOUS ANIMALS OR NOXIOUS PLANTS
    • A01M7/00—Special adaptations or arrangements of liquid-spraying apparatus for purposes covered by this subclass
    • A01M7/005—Special arrangements or adaptations of the spraying or distributing parts, e.g. adaptations or mounting of the spray booms, mounting of the nozzles, protection shields
    • A01M7/0064—Protection shields
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    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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    • A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
    • A01N43/34—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
    • A01N43/40—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom six-membered rings
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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    • A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
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    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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    • A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
    • A01N43/64—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with three nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
    • A01N43/66—1,3,5-Triazines, not hydrogenated and not substituted at the ring nitrogen atoms
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    • A01N43/70—Diamino—1,3,5—triazines with only one oxygen, sulfur or halogen atom or only one cyano, thiocyano (—SCN), cyanato (—OCN) or azido (—N3) group directly attached to a ring carbon atom

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Abstract

本发明涉及一种油用牡丹田间除草方法，主要包括除草剂的选择、喷洒方法以及除草时间，本发明选用的除草剂为唑草酮、高效氟吡甲禾灵、扑草净、助剂与填料的混合物，各原料重量百分比为唑草酮1-5％、高效氟吡甲禾灵3-15％、扑草净2-30％、助剂2-10％、填料40-92％；除草剂的喷洒方法为采用加装喷雾器罩的喷雾器进行针对性喷洒；第一次除草时间选择在春季气温低风小之时，后视杂草情况及时进行喷洒。本发明的除草方法能有效去除阔叶科、禾本科、莎草科等油用牡丹田间常见杂草，防效高、见效快，且采用加装喷雾器罩的喷雾器进行喷洒能够避免对油用牡丹生长产生危害。

Description

一种油用牡丹田间除草方法
技术领域
本发明涉及油用牡丹栽培领域，尤其涉及一种油用牡丹田间除草方法。
背景技术
油用牡丹是一种新兴的木本油料作物，具备突出的“三高一低”的特点：高产出(五年生亩产可达300公斤，亩综合效益可达万元)、高含油率(籽含油率22％)、高品质(不饱和脂肪酸含量92％)、低成本(油用牡丹耐旱耐贫瘠，适合荒山绿化造林、林下种植；一年种百年收，成本低)。
新栽植的油用牡丹,第1-2年由于叶面积较小,草害相对严重,但是现有的化学除草剂的应用效果较差，如要达到控制草害的目的，一年中要多次应用，对土壤和植株伤害较大；再加人工锄草兼有松土透气的作用，对牡丹的生长有利。所以一般不提倡在牡丹田间应用化学除草剂灭草，尤其是在杂草生长不旺盛的春季，更应以人工锄草为主，这就造成了油用牡丹种植人工花费大的弊端。
发明内容
为了解决用除草剂控制油用牡丹田间杂草且不伤害牡丹生长这一难题，本发明提供以下技术方案：
一种油用牡丹田间除草方法，包括以下步骤：
S1、除草剂的配比，各原料重量百分比为唑草酮1-5％、高效氟吡甲禾灵3-25％、扑草净2-30％、助剂2-10％、填料40-92％；油用牡丹田常见杂草为阔叶科、禾本科以及莎草科杂草，唑草酮用于防除多种阔叶科杂草，但对禾本科杂草的防效较差；高效氟吡甲禾灵用于防除禾本科杂草，对多年生顽固杂草具有卓越的防除效果；扑草净是一种广谱的除草剂，对刚萌发的杂草防效较好；本发明采用这3种成分进行复配，具有高效、广谱除草作用，同时扩大了除草范围，从刚萌发杂草到多年生顽固杂草均有较好的除草效果，复配后效果超过3个单剂品种的使用，且使用经过改装后的喷雾器进行喷洒能够保证油用牡丹安全，且成本低、见效快。
S2、传统农用喷雾器的改装，具体方法为在传统农用喷雾器上加装喷雾罩，所述喷雾罩主要由喷雾器柄、喷雾器头、固定套、喷射口、基罩和外罩组件组成，所述喷雾器头固定连接在喷雾器柄上，所述基罩通过固定套连接在喷雾器头上，所述喷射口均匀设置在固定套的下端面上，所述外罩组件主要由喇叭状上部和柱状下部组成，所述喇叭状上部和柱状下部通过加强片连接，所述喇叭状上部固定连接在基罩的外表面上；所述柱状下部直径小于油用牡丹株距和行距；采用上述结构后，操作简单方便，利用外罩组件可以将雾状的药液准确的喷洒到指定位置，提高除草效率，且能避免喷到油用牡丹枝叶上造成作物的伤害。
将步骤S1中的除草剂与水混合，装入改装后的喷雾器中进行喷洒，第一次除草时间选择在春季气温低风小、杂草高度小于3cm之时，后视杂草生长情况，在杂草生长高度小于3cm时及时进行喷洒，杂草刚萌发时药效最佳。本发明的除草剂的使用应选准时机，以更好的发挥药效，施药应选在早晚气温低和风小之时；晴天上午8点钟以前、下午4点以后、施药时气温不要超过30℃但不要低于5℃、空气相对湿度高于60％。
进一步的，步骤S1中助剂为分散剂和湿润剂，比例为4-5:1。采用这两种助剂可以使得除草剂在未施用能够混合均匀、不结块。
进一步的，步骤S1中除草剂各原料重量百分比为唑草酮4％、高效氟吡甲禾灵20％、扑草净10％、分散剂8％、湿润剂2％、填料56％。本配方对于多年生杂草的去除效果佳，且见效快、少残留。
进一步的，步骤S2中注意选用的喷雾罩柱状下部直径要比油用牡丹株距和行距中的较小值小10-15cm，喷洒时，将喷雾罩伸入油用牡丹植株间的空隙底部，保证药液不喷洒到油用牡丹植株，直径小于株行距10-15cm能够在保证喷雾罩通行畅通的情况下药物喷洒面积最大化。
本发明的有益效果在于：采用3种除草单剂的复配，扩大了除草范围和除草效果，各种杂草综合防效达到95％以上，且见效快，2-3天即见效；采用改装后的喷雾器进行喷洒，能够有效防止除草剂对油用牡丹造成伤害；同时，采用喷洒除草剂的方式取代人工除草，能够大大降低生产成本，提高经济效益。
具体实施方式
本实施例中将除草剂配置为可湿性粉剂，各原料重量百分比为唑草酮4％、高效氟吡甲禾灵20％、扑草净10％、分散剂8％、湿润剂2％、填料56％，本实施例中分散剂采用木质素磺酸盐，湿润剂采用烷基苯磺酸钙，填料采用轻质碳酸钙。将上述原料混合均匀后吗，经砂磨机砂磨得到产品。
将以上产品与水1:1混合后以80ml/亩、100ml/亩、120ml/亩的施用量对油用牡丹田间反枝苋、稗草、香附子等杂草进行防除，20天防效结果均在90％以上，优于单剂效果，且对牡丹籽产量无影响。下表为采用本产品进行杂草防除的效果数据，其中对照组采用人工除草。
根据上表分析可知，使用本产品的除草剂以及除草方法进行油用牡丹田间杂草防除，效果优异，且随着用量的增加防效密度提高，相应的产量略微降低，相比全程人工除草产量稍低，但是对照组用于人工除草的费用远远大于产值的增加。
本发明的除草剂施用时，采用改装后的农用喷雾器，具体方法为在传统农用喷雾器上加装喷雾罩，所述喷雾罩主要由喷雾器柄、喷雾器头、固定套、喷射口、基罩和外罩组件组成，喷雾器头固定连接在喷雾器柄上，基罩通过固定套连接在喷雾器头上，喷射口均匀设置在固定套的下端面上，外罩组件主要由喇叭状开口上部和柱状下部组成，喇叭状上部固定连接在基罩的外表面上。能够保证除草剂不喷洒至牡丹植株。
其中喇叭状开口上部和柱状下部为一体结构，喇叭状开口上部和柱状下部7之间通过加强片连接。这样可以加强外罩组件的强度，可以更好的保证喷雾器的喷洒范围。喇叭状上部通过紧固螺钉连接在基罩的外表面上。这样可以实现自由装卸，方便操作人员的操作。

Claims (4)

1.一种油用牡丹田间除草方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
S1、除草剂的配比，各原料重量百分比为唑草酮1-5％、高效氟吡甲禾灵3-25％、扑草净2-30％、助剂2-10％、填料40-92％；
S2、采用加装喷雾罩的农用喷雾器对油用牡丹田逐行逐株进行除草剂的喷洒，尽量防止除草剂喷洒到牡丹植株；第一次除草时间选择在春季气温低风小、杂草高度小于3cm之时，后视杂草生长情况，在杂草高度小于3cm时及时进行喷洒。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种油用牡丹田间除草方法，其特征在于：步骤S1中助剂为分散剂和湿润剂，比例为4-5:1。
3.如权利要求1或2中任意一项所述的一种油用牡丹田间除草方法，其特征在于：步骤S1中除草剂各原料重量百分比为唑草酮4％、高效氟吡甲禾灵20％、扑草净10％、分散剂8％、湿润剂2％、填料56％。
4.如权利要求1所述的一种油用牡丹田间除草方法，其特征在于：步骤S2除草时间选择上午8点之前或是下午4点之后。
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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107950262A (zh) * 2017-12-04 2018-04-24 江苏省林业科学研究院 一种丘陵岗地栽培油用牡丹的除草方法
CN111616151A (zh) * 2020-07-15 2020-09-04 青海省农林科学院 一种化学除草剂组合物及其应用

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CN101410015A (zh) * 2006-03-06 2009-04-15 伊萨罗里斯卡公司 新的协同除草组合物
CN103002743A (zh) * 2010-05-21 2013-03-27 拜耳知识产权有限责任公司 用于耐药性或抗药性油菜作物的除草剂
CN103493820A (zh) * 2013-09-05 2014-01-08 江苏东宝农药化工有限公司 除草剂
WO2014184071A1 (en) * 2013-05-14 2014-11-20 Syngenta Limited Mixtures of haloalkylsulfonanilide derivatives and herbicides
CN104322529A (zh) * 2014-10-08 2015-02-04 江苏东宝农药化工有限公司 具有广谱除草作用的除草剂组合物

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101410015A (zh) * 2006-03-06 2009-04-15 伊萨罗里斯卡公司 新的协同除草组合物
CN103002743A (zh) * 2010-05-21 2013-03-27 拜耳知识产权有限责任公司 用于耐药性或抗药性油菜作物的除草剂
WO2014184071A1 (en) * 2013-05-14 2014-11-20 Syngenta Limited Mixtures of haloalkylsulfonanilide derivatives and herbicides
CN103493820A (zh) * 2013-09-05 2014-01-08 江苏东宝农药化工有限公司 除草剂
CN104322529A (zh) * 2014-10-08 2015-02-04 江苏东宝农药化工有限公司 具有广谱除草作用的除草剂组合物

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107950262A (zh) * 2017-12-04 2018-04-24 江苏省林业科学研究院 一种丘陵岗地栽培油用牡丹的除草方法
CN111616151A (zh) * 2020-07-15 2020-09-04 青海省农林科学院 一种化学除草剂组合物及其应用

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