CN105381697A - Organic acid ammonia gas decontaminant, preparation method therefor and application thereof - Google Patents

Organic acid ammonia gas decontaminant, preparation method therefor and application thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105381697A
CN105381697A CN201510664821.XA CN201510664821A CN105381697A CN 105381697 A CN105381697 A CN 105381697A CN 201510664821 A CN201510664821 A CN 201510664821A CN 105381697 A CN105381697 A CN 105381697A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
decontaminant
organic acid
ammonia
surfactant
decontamination
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Pending
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CN201510664821.XA
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
潘旭海
华敏
郭秀霞
张娟
蒋军成
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Nanjing Tech University
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Nanjing Tech University
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Priority to CN201510664821.XA priority Critical patent/CN105381697A/en
Publication of CN105381697A publication Critical patent/CN105381697A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
    • B01D53/77—Liquid phase processes
    • B01D53/78—Liquid phase processes with gas-liquid contact
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
    • B01D53/54—Nitrogen compounds
    • B01D53/58—Ammonia
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2251/00—Reactants
    • B01D2251/70—Organic acids

Abstract

The present invention discloses an organic acid ammonia gas decontaminant, a preparation method therefor and an application thereof. The decontaminant comprises organic acid, a surfactant and water, wherein the amount of substance concentration of the organic acid is 0.01 mol/L-0.09 mole/L, and the amount of substance concentration of the surfactant is 0.03 mol/L. The decontaminant, the preparation method therefor and the application thereof have the following advantages: (1) shortcomings that when used for decontaminating leaked ammonia gas, a conventional pure water curtain is low in decontamination efficiency, decontamination products are not stable, and secondary pollution on the environment is easily caused are overcome; according to the decontaminant disclosed by the present invention, ammonia gas decontamination efficiency is improved, and the effect of stopping the leaked ammonia gas from spreading by using a water curtain is enhanced; (2) the organic acid ammonia gas decontaminant disclosed by the present invention has relatively weak acidity, corrosion on equipment is low, and decontamination products have little influence on the environment; and (3) the preparation method is easy, raw materials are inexpensive and easy to obtain, and the organic acid ammonia gas decontaminant is suitable for a fire protection water curtain.

Description

A kind of organic acid ammonia decontaminant and its preparation method and application
Technical field
The invention belongs to environmental technology field, relate to the field utilizing decontaminant to carry out decontamination leakage ammonia, particularly relate to a kind of organic acid ammonia decontaminant and its preparation method and application.
Background technology
Ammonia is a kind of colourless gas, has strong impulse smell, very easily water-soluble, and belong to explosion hazard gases, aerial LEL is 15.7%.The ammonia of low concentration has spread effect to mucous membrane, and high concentration ammonia can cause histolysis downright bad.The performance of ammonia acute poisoning is as follows: slightly person occur shedding tears, pharyngalgia, hoarseness, cough, expectoration etc.; Eye conjunctiva, schneiderian membrance, congestion of throat, oedema; Chest x-ray sign meets peribronchitis.Ammonia inhaled concentration raises then above-mentioned poisoning symptom aggravation, occurs expiratory dyspnea, cyanosis; Chest x-ray sign meets pneumonia or interstitial pneumonia.Severe patient generation toxic pulmonary edema, or have respiratory distress syndrome, patient acutely coughs, cough a large amount of pink foam phlegm, respiratory distress, stupor, shock etc., larynx water lung or tunica mucosa bronchiorum necrosis can occur and come off and suffocate.In addition, high concentration ammonia also can cause reflectivity to breathe stopping.Liquefied ammonia or high concentration liquefied ammonia can cause eyes and burn, and liquefied ammonia also can cause skin burn.
Can explosive mixture be formed after ammonia mixes with air, cause combustion explosion with naked light, high heat energy.Contact with fluorine, chlorine etc. and violent chemical reaction can occur, increase if meet pressure in high heat, container, then have the danger of cracking and blast.
Mostly water curtain for fire-proof at present for decontamination leakage ammonia is pure water curtain, the principle mainly physical dissolution effect of pure water curtain decontamination ammonia.There is decontamination efficiency with pure water curtain decontamination leakage ammonia poor, ammonia can not by complete decontamination; Decontamination product ammoniacal liquor is unstable, and has stronger corrosivity, easily causes secondary pollution.And mostly current done decontaminant experiment is to leak the decontamination again of quantitative gas in advance, do not mate with reality, the theory of gained and data effectively can not support the application of water curtain decontamination.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is the deficiency for only using pure water curtain decontamination ammonia in prior art, providing that a kind of decontamination efficiency is high, decontamination product environmental pollution is little, little to the corrosivity of equipment, with leak ammonia have amass compared with large contact surface, organic acid ammonia decontaminant that the simple and cheaper starting materials of preparation technology is easy to get.
To achieve these goals, the present invention is by the following technical solutions:
A kind of organic acid ammonia decontaminant, comprise organic acid, surfactant and water, in described decontaminant, organic acid substance withdrawl syndrome is 0.01mol/L ~ 0.09mol/L, and the amount concentration of surfactant materials is 0.03mol/L.
In decontamination solution, add the surface property that surfactant significantly can improve solution, reduce the surface tension of solution.The surface tension of surfactant solution comprises static surface tension and dynamic surface tension two aspects.Usually said surface tension mainly refers to static surface tension, its essence is the surfactant molecule surface tension value that solution has when Adsorption at surface of solution balances.The lowest surface tension value of surfactant corresponding concentration solution is the important indicator of surfactant properties.The surface tension adding the decontamination solution of surfactant reduces, and average grain diameter reduces, and the specific area of droplet increases, so make the contact area of water curtain and ammonia increase, enhances the decontaminating effect of water curtain to ammonia.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, described organic acid is the one in citric acid, malic acid, acetic acid.Its principle is, the water-soluble formation ammoniacal liquor of ammonia, and organic acid and ammoniacal liquor react and generates acylate that is soluble in water and that can not pollute environment, and reaction principle is as follows:
NH 3+H 2O→NH 3H 2O→NH 4 ++OH -
C 6H 8O 7+3NH 3H 2O→C 6H 5O 7(NH 4) 3+3H 2O
C 4H 6O 5+2NH 3H 2O→C 4H 4O 5(NH 4) 2+2H 2O
CH 3COOH+NH 3H 2O→CH 3COONH 4+H 2O
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, described surfactant is emulsifier op-10.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, described citric acid is monohydrate potassium.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, described citric acid, acetic acid and surfactant are analyzes pure AR, and described malic acid is food-grade.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, described decontaminant is made up of citric acid, emulsifier op-10 and water, and wherein citric acid substance withdrawl syndrome is 0.09mol/L, and emulsifier op-10 substance withdrawl syndrome is 0.03mol/L.
A preparation method for organic acid ammonia decontaminant, comprises following steps: organic acid is added to the water to be stirred to and dissolves completely, makes the amount concentration of organic acidic material be 0.01mol/L ~ 0.09mol/L by (1); (2) add surfactant in the organic acid soln obtained to step (1), make its substance withdrawl syndrome in the solution be 0.03mol/L, to be mixedly can obtain organic acid ammonia decontaminant to uniform solution.
The organic acid ammonia decontaminant prepared through above scheme can be applicable to water curtain for fire-proof.
The inspection of decontaminant decontaminating effect in the present invention is mainly considered to the water curtain decontamination efficiency at nearly source place, namely need only consider the decontamination of water curtain when processing the diffusion at nearly source place and the dispersal behavior of air can be ignored; And the relatively near source place of the water curtain decontamination efficiency studying source far away place is more complicated, because the efficiency value of water curtain is not only relevant with its decontaminating effect, the barrier etc. also will considered the condition of the feature of source of the gas, air, ambient wind velocity (speed and wind direction) and exist.
The absorption blocking capability of water curtain is called the decontamination efficiency of water curtain, and its mathematic(al) representation is:
Definition water curtain decontamination efficiency eta 0for:
η 0 = 1 - C f o r c e d _ d i s e r s i o n C f r e e _ d i s e r s i o n
In formula: η 0---water curtain decontamination efficiency;
C free_dispersion---harmful gas concentration during free diffusing, ppm;
C forced_dispersion---harmful gas concentration during water curtain effect, ppm.
The present invention is the mist of the ammonia that provides of Nanjing riel special gas Co., Ltd and nitrogen to the ammonia adopted in the inspection of decontaminant decontaminating effect experiment, because the aerial LEL of ammonia is 15.7%, consider safety problem, therefore the concentration of ammonia is 10%.
beneficial effect
Organic acid ammonia decontaminant disclosed by the invention and its preparation method and application has the following advantages:
(1) overcome that decontamination efficiency when ammonia is leaked in traditional pure water curtain decontamination is low, decontamination unstable products, easily cause the deficiency of secondary environmental pollution, decontaminant disclosed by the invention improves the decontamination efficiency to ammonia, strengthens water curtain and stops the effect of leaking ammonia diffusion;
(2) organic acid ammonia decontaminant acidity disclosed by the invention is more weak, little to the corrosivity of equipment, and decontamination product is little to ambient influnence;
(3) the adding of surfactant, reduce the surface tension of solution, the particle diameter of droplet reduces thereupon, and specific area increases, and the contact area of water curtain and ammonia is increased, and decontamination efficiency is further enhanced.
(4) simple, the cheaper starting materials of preparation method is easy to get, and is applicable to water curtain for fire-proof.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is that free diffusing and pure water curtain are to ammonia decontaminating effect figure;
Fig. 2 is that citric acid decontaminant is to ammonia decontaminating effect figure;
Fig. 3 is that malic acid decontaminant is to ammonia decontaminating effect figure;
Fig. 4 is that acetic acid decontaminant is to ammonia decontaminating effect figure;
Fig. 5 is that the decontaminant that obtains of citric acid and surfactant compound is to ammonia decontaminating effect figure;
Fig. 6 is that the decontaminant that obtains of malic acid and surfactant compound is to ammonia decontaminating effect figure;
Fig. 7 is that the decontaminant that obtains of acetic acid and surfactant compound is to ammonia decontaminating effect figure;
Fig. 8 is the test macro schematic diagram that ammonia effect is leaked in water curtain decontamination;
Wherein, 1 is ammonia bottle, and 2 is ammonia special pressure reducing valve, and 3 is rotor gas flowmeter, 4 is pipeline, and 5 is ammonia leakage mouth, and 6 is water tank, 7 is shower nozzle, and 8 is Pressure gauge, and 9 is water pump, 10 is water pipe, and 11 is ammonia concentration sensor, and 12 is data acquisition module, 13 is computer data processing system, and 14 is ventilated box, and 15 is explosion-proof fan, 16 is frequency converter, and 17 is containment housing, and 18 is observation window.
Fig. 9 is the surface tension that citric acid solution adds before and after surfactant;
Figure 10 is the surface tension that malic acid solution adds before and after surfactant;
Figure 11 is the surface tension that acetum adds before and after surfactant.
Detailed description of the invention
By the following examples the present invention is described in further details.A kind of organic acid ammonia decontaminant, comprise organic acid, surfactant and water, wherein concrete proportioning is as shown in table 1: prepare satisfactory organic acid decontaminant respectively by table 1, and wherein surfactant adopts emulsifier op-10, and substance withdrawl syndrome is 0.03mol/L in decontaminant.
Table 1 embodiment 1 ~ 6 decontaminant proportioning
The organic acid ammonia decontaminant adopting the test macro detection comparative example of water curtain decontamination leakage ammonia effect and embodiment 1 ~ 6 to prepare is applied to water curtain for fire-proof, to the decontaminating effect leaking ammonia.
As shown in Figure 8, the test macro that ammonia effect is leaked in described water curtain decontamination is placed in airtight simulation ammonia leakage space, is made up of ammonia leakage system, water curtain system and ammonia concentration data collecting system; Described ammonia leakage system, by ammonia bottle 1, the ammonia special pressure reducing valve 2 being fixed on ammonia bottle 1 exit, is located at the rotor gas flowmeter 3 on pipeline 4 and forms at the ammonia leakage mouth 5 of pipeline 4 port; Described water curtain system connects water tank 6 by water pipe 10 and shower nozzle 7 is formed, and between water tank 6 and shower nozzle 7, be provided with water pump 9 and Pressure gauge 8; Described ammonia concentration data collecting system comprises ammonia concentration sensor 11, data acquisition module 12 and computer data processing system 13.
Wherein, ammonia leakage mouth 5, shower nozzle 7 and ammonia concentration sensor 11 are placed in containment housing 17, and the setting height(from bottom) of described ammonia concentration sensor 11 is higher than shower nozzle 7, and the setting height(from bottom) of shower nozzle 7 is higher than ammonia leakage mouth 5, and described shower nozzle 7 is fan-shaped.
In addition, above containment housing 17, be provided with ventilated box 14, and in ventilating opening place, explosion-proof fan 15 be housed.The operating frequency of described explosion-proof fan 15 regulates and controls frequency converter 16 by computer data processing system 13 and realizes.
Containment housing 17 one side is provided with openable hermatic door, and is provided with observation window 18 thereon.
Ammonia leakage system and water curtain system reasonable Arrangement are arranged on the limited leakage space of simulation, the leak rate of ammonia is 2L/min, the high 1m of leakage hole 5, leakage hole 5 vertical-right horizontal direction is leaked, and shower nozzle 7 hangs on the position of overhead high 1.2m, and shower nozzle 7 is fan-shaped, spray vertically downward, distance between water curtain and leakage hole 5 is 0.8m, and ammonia concentration sensor 11 is arranged on the high iron shelf of 0.5m place, water curtain rear 1.8m, for gathering the change in concentration data of indoor ammonia.All data are controlled to gather, process and record by computer data processing system 13.Open water curtain after ammonia leakage 2min clock, until when the decontaminant solution of pre-configured 10L has sprayed, close ammonia valve and water curtain simultaneously.Test terminates rear unlatching explosion-proof fan 15 and purges lab space, makes ammonia concentration return to concentration in air.Forbid the existence of all incendiary sources in test process, tester will wear cotton work clothes, is equipped with breathing mask.
After test terminates, to data analysis, result, as shown in table 2, Fig. 1 ~ 7, therefrom can be found out, the citric acid decontaminant decontamination efficiency adding the 0.09mol/L of surfactant is maximum.
From table 2, Fig. 1 ~ 7, organic acid adds can improve the decontamination efficiency of water curtain to ammonia to some extent, and ammonia concentration reduces with the increase of organic acid concentration.This is because organic acid concentration is larger, can be more with the material of ammonia gas react, thus the chemical decontamination effect of ammonia is just increased.But the increase of decontamination efficiency and the increase of organic acid concentration not linear, the decontamination of water curtain to ammonia is a complicated process, is the result of many factors effect, not only has chemical decontamination effect to also have physics decontamination effect.Under identical organic acid concentration, three kinds of organic acid decontamination efficiency are: C 6h 8o 7> C 4h 6o 5> CH 3cOOH, because chemically reaction equation, 1molC 6h 8o 7can with the ammonia react of 3mol, 1molC 4h 6o 5can with the ammonia react of 2mol, and 1molCH 3cOOH can only with the ammonia react of 1mol, under the condition of same concentrations, containing C 6h 8o 7decontaminant can with more ammonia gas react.
From Fig. 9 ~ 11, the interpolation of surfactant makes the dynamic surface tension initial value of solution decline rapidly, and the surface tension balance value of solution also obviously declines; The dynamic surface tension initial value of solution declines and is conducive to improving the degree of scatter of solution, and the decline of surface tension balance value illustrates that solution liquid-vapor interface and solid-liquid interface surface energy decline, and finally make mist droplet particle size reduce.The particle diameter of water curtain droplet reduces, and specific area increases, and the contact area of water curtain and ammonia is increased, thus enhances the physics and chemistry decontamination effect of water curtain to ammonia.Comparison diagram 5 ~ 7 is visible with Fig. 2 ~ 4, and adding of surfactant generally improves the decontamination efficiency of decontaminant to ammonia.And adding of surfactant not to change in decontaminant each material to the decontamination performance of ammonia, just facilitate the decontamination effect of decontaminant to ammonia to a certain extent, therefore different organic acids decontaminant does not change the magnitude relationship of the decontamination efficiency of ammonia.
The decontaminant of table 2 comparative example and embodiment is to the decontamination efficiency of leaking ammonia

Claims (8)

1. an organic acid ammonia decontaminant, is characterized in that, comprises organic acid, surfactant and water, and in described decontaminant, organic acid substance withdrawl syndrome is 0.01mol/L ~ 0.09mol/L, and the amount concentration of surfactant materials is 0.03mol/L.
2. a kind of organic acid ammonia decontaminant according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described organic acid is the one in citric acid, malic acid, acetic acid.
3. a kind of organic acid ammonia decontaminant according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described surfactant is emulsifier op-10.
4. a kind of organic acid ammonia decontaminant according to claim 2, it is characterized in that, described citric acid is monohydrate potassium.
5. a kind of organic acid ammonia decontaminant according to claim 2, is characterized in that, described citric acid, acetic acid and surfactant are analyzes pure AR, and described malic acid is food-grade.
6. a kind of organic acid ammonia decontaminant according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described decontaminant is made up of citric acid, emulsifier op-10 and water, and wherein citric acid substance withdrawl syndrome is 0.09mol/L, and emulsifier op-10 substance withdrawl syndrome is 0.03mol/L.
7. the preparation method of a kind of organic acid ammonia decontaminant according to claim 1, is characterized in that, comprise following steps: organic acid is added to the water to be stirred to and dissolves completely, makes the amount concentration of organic acidic material be 0.01mol/L ~ 0.09mol/L by (1); (2) add surfactant in the organic acid soln obtained to step (1), make its substance withdrawl syndrome in the solution be 0.03mol/L, to be mixedly can obtain organic acid ammonia decontaminant to uniform solution.
8. the application of a kind of organic acid ammonia decontaminant described in claim 1, described organic acid ammonia decontaminant can be used for water curtain for fire-proof.
CN201510664821.XA 2015-10-15 2015-10-15 Organic acid ammonia gas decontaminant, preparation method therefor and application thereof Pending CN105381697A (en)

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Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR20110066317A (en) * 2009-12-11 2011-06-17 윤재근 Vacuum-type dust collecting for a water ejector
CN102327737A (en) * 2011-06-22 2012-01-25 华北电力大学（保定） Synergistic agent for flue gas desulfurization process adopting wet limestone-gypsum method and application thereof
CN103285551A (en) * 2013-06-20 2013-09-11 中国科学技术大学 Liquid ammonia elimination reagent and preparation method thereof

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR20110066317A (en) * 2009-12-11 2011-06-17 윤재근 Vacuum-type dust collecting for a water ejector
CN102327737A (en) * 2011-06-22 2012-01-25 华北电力大学（保定） Synergistic agent for flue gas desulfurization process adopting wet limestone-gypsum method and application thereof
CN103285551A (en) * 2013-06-20 2013-09-11 中国科学技术大学 Liquid ammonia elimination reagent and preparation method thereof

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Application publication date: 20160309