CN112023453B - Self-generating foaming agent for removing hydrogen sulfide from oil extraction well head foam isolation - Google Patents
Self-generating foaming agent for removing hydrogen sulfide from oil extraction well head foam isolation Download PDFInfo
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- CN112023453B CN112023453B CN202011206597.7A CN202011206597A CN112023453B CN 112023453 B CN112023453 B CN 112023453B CN 202011206597 A CN202011206597 A CN 202011206597A CN 112023453 B CN112023453 B CN 112023453B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D19/00—Degasification of liquids
- B01D19/02—Foam dispersion or prevention
- B01D19/04—Foam dispersion or prevention by addition of chemical substances
- B01D19/0404—Foam dispersion or prevention by addition of chemical substances characterised by the nature of the chemical substance
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Abstract
The invention relates to the field of harmful gas removal in oil exploitation, and discloses a self-generating gas type foaming agent for removing hydrogen sulfide from an oil extraction wellhead foam isolation, wherein the self-generating gas type foaming agent comprises the following components in parts by mass based on 100 parts by mass: (1) 2.0-4.0 parts of sodium bicarbonate; (2) 3.0-5.0 parts of aluminum sulfate octadecahydrate; (3) 1.0-3.0 parts of surfactant; (4) 2.0-4.0 parts of tackifier; (5) 1.0-3.0 parts of gelatin; (6) 4.0-6.0 parts of a chemical desulfurizer; (7) and the balance: deionized water. The invention has a wonderful idea across fields, creatively introduces the foam isolation fire extinguishing technology in the fire fighting field into the hydrogen sulfide removing technology of the well site in the oil exploitation field, fundamentally stops the leakage of hydrogen sulfide, and ensures that well site workers are prevented from being harmed; the consumption of desulfurizer at the oil extraction well mouth is greatly reduced; the problem of non-naphthalene well sealing caused by over standard of hydrogen sulfide is solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of removing harmful gas in oil exploitation, in particular to a self-generating foaming agent for removing hydrogen sulfide by foam isolation of an oil extraction wellhead.
Background
During oil production, the mixed liquor of crude oil and water in the production well often contains hydrogen sulfide in varying concentrations. Hydrogen sulfide is a highly toxic gas; if the oil well construction leads to the leakage of hydrogen sulfide, atmospheric pollution can be caused.
After the crude oil is led out from the oil well, some crude oil directly enters the pipeline, and hydrogen sulfide gas cannot be leaked on the oil well construction site, so that the hydrogen sulfide removing process can be carried out by pushing the crude oil to a gathering and transportation station. A considerable number of oil wells are provided, produced liquid is not directly transported away through a pipeline during single-well oil extraction, but is injected into a normal-pressure buffer tank which is open to the atmosphere in a well site from a closed pressure pipeline and is stored for a period of time, and part of hydrogen sulfide escapes from crude oil to pollute the air in the oil extraction well site and harm the health of workers.
The existing commonly used technology for removing hydrogen sulfide at an oil extraction wellhead is to adopt a chemical desulfurization method before crude oil enters a buffer tank; according to the concentration of the hydrogen sulfide in the crude oil, a proper amount of chemical desulfurizer is added, so that the hydrogen sulfide separated out from the crude oil in the buffer tank is reduced as much as possible, the concentration of the hydrogen sulfide in a wellhead operation area is lower than the allowable concentration, and no harm is caused to operation workers.
The chemical desulfurizing agents commonly used at present mainly comprise the following chemical desulfurizing agents:
(1) hydroxide desulfurizing agent: the potassium hydroxide and the sodium hydroxide can effectively remove hydrogen sulfide in crude oil, but can form stable alkaline emulsion, and increase the difficulty of downstream dehydration. Ammonium hydroxide can also be used as a crude oil desulfurizer, ammonium salt generated by reaction is easier to remove than sodium salt and potassium salt, but ammonia gas is easy to volatilize at high temperature, and copper equipment parts of a well site are easy to corrode.
(2) A formaldehyde desulfurizer: the formaldehyde has good desulfurization effect, but the time is long, the reverse reaction occurs, and the hydrogen sulfide is regenerated. In addition, formaldehyde is a gas harmful to humans and also requires strict precautions.
(3) Strong oxide desulfurizing agent: hydrogen peroxide can well remove hydrogen sulfide in crude oil through oxidation, but hydrogen peroxide is easy to decompose under the condition of metal catalysis to generate oxygen and water and generate a large amount of heat; if the control is not good, explosion is easily caused.
(4) Nitrogen-based desulfurizing agent: at present, the triazine desulfurizer is commonly used, and the comprehensive effect is good.
The common desulfurizer is added at a well mouth, and is not added in an oil pipe/casing gap or an oil extraction pipe of a wellhead Christmas tree; because the operation is continuously carried out, the converging path of the desulfurizer and the crude oil is limited, and the time is short; even if the dispersant is added, ideal and sufficient mixing cannot be achieved, and hydrogen sulfide in the crude oil cannot be effectively removed. Therefore, some crude oil wells with high hydrogen sulfide concentration are difficult to treat, and some hydrogen sulfide is always volatilized due to insufficient amount of added desulfurizer or uneven mixing; it is more difficult to remove the well fluid if it has a particularly high hydrogen sulfide concentration. Many oil wells cost a lot of money, but because hydrogen sulfide exceeds standard, have to close it, cause the enormous waste. In addition, since the addition of the desulfurizing agent is a continuous process, the amount of the desulfurizing agent added is large in accumulation, and the cost is high.
Disclosure of Invention
The basic design idea of the invention is as follows: aiming at the defects of the method for removing hydrogen sulfide by adding a medicament into an oil extraction well mouth in the prior art, the mature technology that fire can be quickly extinguished by isolating air by using a foam extinguishing agent in fire fighting practice is used for reference, and the process of adding the hydrogen sulfide removing agent into crude oil is changed into the process of covering a layer of foam on the crude oil in a buffer tank. The foam layer can isolate crude oil and air, prevent hydrogen sulfide in the crude oil from dissipating to the atmosphere, and trap and eliminate the hydrogen sulfide dissipated to the foam due to the components for removing the hydrogen sulfide in the foam. In the above process for removing hydrogen sulfide by foam isolation, the quality of the foaming agent is an important factor for the success of foaming. The invention provides a self-gas-generating foaming agent for removing hydrogen sulfide by foam isolation of an oil extraction wellhead based on a self-gas-generating foaming method.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the self-generating gas type foaming agent for removing hydrogen sulfide in oil extraction well head foam isolation comprises the following components in parts by mass based on 100 parts of total mass:
(1) 2.0-4.0 parts of sodium bicarbonate;
(2) 3.0-5.0 parts of aluminum sulfate octadecahydrate;
(3) 1.0-3.0 parts of surfactant;
(4) 2.0-4.0 parts of tackifier;
(5) 1.0-3.0 parts of gelatin;
(6) 4.0-6.0 parts of a chemical desulfurizer;
(7) and the balance: deionized water.
The above technical solution can be further optimized as follows:
the self-generating gas type foaming agent for removing hydrogen sulfide in oil extraction well head foam isolation comprises the following components in parts by mass based on 100 parts of total mass:
(1) 2.0 parts of sodium bicarbonate;
(2) 3.0 parts of aluminum sulfate octadecahydrate;
(3) 1.0 part of a surfactant;
(4) 2.0 parts of a tackifier;
(5) 1.0 part of gelatin;
(6) 4.0 parts of chemical desulfurizer.
(7) And the balance: deionized water.
The self-generating gas type foaming agent for removing hydrogen sulfide in oil extraction well head foam isolation comprises the following components in parts by mass based on 100 parts of total mass:
(1) 3.0 parts of sodium bicarbonate;
(2) 4.0 parts of aluminum sulfate octadecahydrate;
(3) 2.0 parts of a surfactant;
(4) 3.0 parts of a tackifier;
(5) 2.0 parts of gelatin;
(6) 5.0 parts of a chemical desulfurizer;
(7) and the balance: deionized water.
The self-generating gas type foaming agent for removing hydrogen sulfide in oil extraction well head foam isolation comprises the following components in parts by mass based on 100 parts of total mass:
(1) 4.0 parts of sodium bicarbonate;
(2) 5.0 parts of aluminum sulfate octadecahydrate;
(3) 3.0 parts of a surfactant;
(4) 4.0 parts of a tackifier;
(5) 3.0 parts of gelatin;
(6) 6.0 parts of a chemical desulfurizer;
(7) and the balance: deionized water.
The surfactant is sodium dodecyl sulfate.
The tackifier is carboxymethyl cellulose.
The chemical desulfurizer adopts triazabenzene.
Meanwhile, the preparation and use process of the self-generating foaming agent is as follows:
(1) preparing No. 1 liquid: adding 10 times of water into sodium bicarbonate, and storing the sodium bicarbonate after dissolving;
(2) preparing No. 2 liquid: adding 15 times of water into aluminum sulfate octadecahydrate, and then dissolving the aluminum sulfate octadecahydrate, the hydroxymethyl cellulose, the gelatin and the triazabenzene together;
(3) and respectively injecting the No. 1 liquid and the No. 2 liquid into a self-generating foam generator on the surface of crude oil in a wellhead buffer tank, mixing the No. 1 liquid and the No. 2 liquid in the self-generating foam generator, and reacting to generate foam.
Compared with the prior art, the invention mainly has the following beneficial technical effects:
1. the foam isolation fire extinguishing technology in the field of fire fighting is creatively introduced into the process technology for removing hydrogen sulfide in the well site in the field of oil exploitation to form a unique process for removing hydrogen sulfide in the well site foam isolation, so that the leakage of hydrogen sulfide is fundamentally avoided, and personnel in the well site are prevented from being harmed.
2. The self-generating foaming agent has excellent performance, can maintain the half-life period of the foam to be more than 5000 minutes in the process of removing hydrogen sulfide in well site foam isolation, and has good durability.
3. The target object for removing the hydrogen sulfide is completely removed from the whole produced liquid and is changed into the isolation removal of the surface of the produced liquid of the buffer tank, so that the using amount of a chemical desulfurizer at an oil extraction well mouth is greatly reduced, the workload of crude oil dehydration cleaning in the later period is reduced, and the production cost is obviously reduced.
4. Aiming at the problem that the problem of non-naphthalene well shut-in caused by the fact that hydrogen sulfide cannot reach the standard when a part of oil wells with too much hydrogen sulfide in produced liquid are removed by adopting a chemical desulfurizer at present, a foam isolation removal method can be used for solving the problem.
5. The application range is wide, and besides well site application, when a tank truck is adopted to transport crude oil, foam isolation can be carried out in a vehicle-mounted oil tank so as to prevent hydrogen sulfide from leaking on the way of transportation.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to examples.
The sodium bicarbonate, aluminum sulfate octadecahydrate, sodium dodecyl sulfate, carboxymethylcellulose, gelatin and triazobenzene described in the examples below were all derived from commercially available products, which are readily available on the market. The CAS number for triazabenzene is 68505-69-1.
Example 1
The self-generating gas type foaming agent for removing hydrogen sulfide in oil extraction well head foam isolation comprises the following components in parts by mass based on 100 parts of total mass:
(1) 2.0 parts of sodium bicarbonate;
(2) 3.0 parts of aluminum sulfate octadecahydrate;
(3) 1.0 part of a surfactant;
(4) 2.0 parts of a tackifier;
(5) 1.0 part of gelatin;
(6) 4.0 parts of chemical desulfurizer.
(7) And the balance: deionized water.
Example 2
The self-generating gas type foaming agent for removing hydrogen sulfide in oil extraction well head foam isolation comprises the following components in parts by mass based on 100 parts of total mass:
(1) 3.0 parts of sodium bicarbonate;
(2) 4.0 parts of aluminum sulfate octadecahydrate;
(3) 2.0 parts of a surfactant;
(4) 3.0 parts of a tackifier;
(5) 2.0 parts of gelatin;
(6) 5.0 parts of a chemical desulfurizer;
(7) and the balance: deionized water.
Example 3
The self-generating gas type foaming agent for removing hydrogen sulfide in oil extraction well head foam isolation comprises the following components in parts by mass based on 100 parts of total mass:
(1) 4.0 parts of sodium bicarbonate;
(2) 5.0 parts of aluminum sulfate octadecahydrate;
(3) 3.0 parts of a surfactant;
(4) 4.0 parts of a tackifier;
(5) 3.0 parts of gelatin;
(6) 6.0 parts of a chemical desulfurizer;
(7) and the balance: deionized water.
Example 4
Based on the technical solutions described in examples 1, 2 and 3, sodium lauryl sulfate was used as a surfactant, and the foaming power was high.
Example 5
Carboxymethyl cellulose was used as a thickener in addition to the embodiment described in example 4.
Example 6
Based on the technical scheme recorded in the embodiment 5, the chemical desulfurizer adopts triazabenzene, can efficiently remove hydrogen sulfide and has low cost.
Example 7
Based on the technical solution described in example 6, the foaming process of the self-generating foaming agent is as follows:
(1) preparing No. 1 liquid: adding 10 times of deionized water into sodium bicarbonate, dissolving, and storing separately;
(2) preparing No. 2 liquid: adding the rest deionized water into the aluminum sulfate octadecahydrate, and then co-dissolving the aluminum sulfate octadecahydrate, the hydroxymethyl cellulose, the gelatin and the triazabenzene;
(3) inject No. 1 liquid, No. 2 liquid into the autogenous gas formula foam generator on well head buffer tank crude oil surface respectively, No. 1 liquid mixes and takes place the reaction with No. 2 liquid in the autogenous gas formula foam generator, produces the foam, and wherein sodium bicarbonate and aluminium sulfate take place the formula of reaction of double decomposition and are:
6NaHCO3++Al2(SO4)3=2Al(OH)3(precipitation) +6CO2(gas) +3Na2SO4
To better illustrate the outstanding effects of the present invention, the laboratory and field test cases of the oil well are briefly described as follows:
1. laboratory experiments:
crude oil containing hydrogen sulfide is extracted from an oil field site, divided into two equal parts and respectively placed in two triangular flasks, wherein the two equal parts account for about one half of the capacity of the triangular flasks. Adding gas-liquid foam with the thickness of 20-30 mm and containing a chemical desulfurizer into one of the two triangular flasks, wherein the gas-liquid foam is not added into the other triangular flask; standing for 10 minutes, and plugging a bottle stopper; then, the flask was left for 1 hour, and the inside air of the Erlenmeyer flask was tested for the concentration of hydrogen sulfide. The results show that: the concentration of hydrogen sulfide in the air in the triangular flask added with the gas-liquid foam is nearly zero (can not be detected), and the concentration of hydrogen sulfide in the air in the triangular flask without the gas-liquid foam exceeds the standard.
2. And (3) field test of an oil well:
in the field of oil wells in the oil field, the thickness of a gas-liquid foam layer covering the crude oil surface of a crude oil buffer tank is 10 cm-30 cm. The results show that: the concentration of hydrogen sulfide in the air inside the crude oil buffer tank 5 is close to zero (cannot be detected); in addition, through measurement and calculation, compared with the prior art, the consumption of the chemical desulfurizer can be saved by 50-60%, and the cost for removing the hydrogen sulfide is greatly reduced.
Claims (1)
1. The method for removing hydrogen sulfide from the foam isolation of the oil extraction wellhead is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) preparing No. 1 liquid: adding 10 times of deionized water into sodium bicarbonate, dissolving, and storing separately;
(2) preparing No. 2 liquid: adding the rest deionized water into the aluminum sulfate octadecahydrate, and then co-dissolving the aluminum sulfate octadecahydrate, the hydroxymethyl cellulose, the gelatin and the triazabenzene;
(3) respectively injecting the No. 1 liquid and the No. 2 liquid into an autogenous gas type foam generator on the surface of crude oil in a wellhead buffer tank, mixing the No. 1 liquid and the No. 2 liquid in the autogenous gas type foam generator, and reacting to generate foam;
(4) covering the crude oil surface of the crude oil buffer tank with a gas-liquid foam layer with the thickness of 10cm to 30 cm;
the self-generating foaming agent consists of the No. 1 liquid and the No. 2 liquid, and comprises the following components in parts by mass based on 100 parts of the total mass:
(1) 2.0-4.0 parts of sodium bicarbonate;
(2) 3.0-5.0 parts of aluminum sulfate octadecahydrate;
(3) 1.0-3.0 parts of surfactant; the surfactant adopts sodium dodecyl sulfate;
(4) 2.0-4.0 parts of tackifier; the tackifier is carboxymethyl cellulose;
(5) 1.0-3.0 parts of gelatin;
(6) 4.0-6.0 parts of a chemical desulfurizer; the chemical desulfurizer adopts triazabenzene;
(7) and the balance: deionized water.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6726849B2 (en) * | 2002-02-01 | 2004-04-27 | Construction Research & Technology Gmbh | Method of dusting coal mine surfaces |
| CN104449810B (en) * | 2013-09-24 | 2016-04-13 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Low-temp desulfurization agent in crude oil |
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Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103883347A (en) * | 2014-03-26 | 2014-06-25 | 辽宁工程技术大学 | Multifunctional liquid foam used for underground coal mine and using method thereof |
| CN106281281A (en) * | 2015-05-18 | 2017-01-04 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | A kind of oil well H2S SCAVENGER and using method thereof |
| CN106731775A (en) * | 2017-01-22 | 2017-05-31 | 广州市佰好惠医疗科技有限公司 | A kind of expansion type compound biological enzyme deodorant and preparation method and application |
| CN106928945A (en) * | 2017-03-13 | 2017-07-07 | 西南石油大学 | A kind of self-generating foam well killing fluid and preparation method thereof and self-generating foam composition |
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