CN105370315B - A kind of frost zone tunnel drainage construction technology - Google Patents
A kind of frost zone tunnel drainage construction technology Download PDFInfo
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- CN105370315B CN105370315B CN201510904655.6A CN201510904655A CN105370315B CN 105370315 B CN105370315 B CN 105370315B CN 201510904655 A CN201510904655 A CN 201510904655A CN 105370315 B CN105370315 B CN 105370315B
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- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 231100000241 scar Toxicity 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000001174 ascending effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000010412 perfusion Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005273 aeration Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009415 formwork Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011440 grout Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000011017 operating method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002775 capsule Substances 0.000 description 2
- 210000003205 muscle Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 238000004078 waterproofing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241001074085 Scophthalmus aquosus Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000679 solder Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000037303 wrinkles Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F16/00—Drainage
- E21F16/02—Drainage of tunnels
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/38—Waterproofing; Heat insulating; Soundproofing; Electric insulating
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Lining And Supports For Tunnels (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of frost zone tunnel drainage construction technologies, include the following steps：（1）Surveying and locating；（2）Longitudinal drainage pipe, transverse drain, ring direction drainpipe are installed；（3）Modify the concrete surface of scar and preliminary bracing；（4）Splash guard is installed；（5）Blocking plate and waterstop are installed.Construction technology of the present invention is simple, and construction equipment is few, and the construction period is short, has directive function to the guarded drainage construction in frozen ground regions tunnel.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to highway construction technology fields, more particularly to refer to a kind of frost zone tunnel drainage construction work
Skill.
Background technology
In recent years, although China achieves many achievements in terms of tunnel construction, progress is achieved on tunnel water handling,
But there is also many problems to varying degrees for tunnel water handling, and great challenges are constituted to safe driving.Waterproof and Drainage Construction of Tunnel
It is the key that ensure that tunnel is smoothly built up, it haves laid a good foundation for works waterproofing work；Carry out structure guarded drainage work
Journey is the important prerequisite for ensureing tunnel normal operation.For this purpose, highway road owner pays much attention to, it is based on this, studies and develops
Devise a kind of frost zone tunnel water proofing construction technology.
Invention content
It is an object of the invention to：A kind of frost zone tunnel drainage construction technology is provided, is frozen mainly for seasonality
The guarded drainage construction of tunnel highway under soil area complex geological condition, and the working procedure is simple, construction equipment is few, the construction period
It is short, there is directive function to the guarded drainage construction in extremely frigid zones tunnel.
What the present invention was achieved through the following technical solutions：A kind of frost zone tunnel drainage construction technology, including it is following
Step：（1）Surveying and locating measures and releases tunnel center line, per 1 point of 5.0m, measures and releases longitudinal drainage pipe plan-position, often
1 point of 5m is used in combination spirit level to measure longitudinal drainage pipe tube bottom designed elevation, measures and releases short abutment wall sideline, per 1 point of 5m, is used in combination
Spirit level measures short abutment wall top mark height, calculates short abutment wall top mark height according to trolley formwork, short abutment wall top mark height is in cable duct top
20cm；
（2）Longitudinal drainage pipe, transverse drain, ring direction drainpipe are installed, one per 10m of transverse drain is short pouring
Transverse drain is supported by steel bracket when abutment wall, and transverse drain horizontal slope is 2%, and longitudinal row is determined according to transverse drain absolute altitude
Longitudinal drainage pipe is fixed on the concrete band of wide 20cm by water pipe elevation, and longitudinal drainage pipe is laid along the full tunnel holing through in both sides corner,
Transverse drain, longitudinal drainage pipe are connect with ring direction drainpipe by threeway, and junction uses non-woven wraps；
（3）The concrete surface for modifying scar and preliminary bracing, to concrete skin cut steel at preliminary bracing before installing splash guard
Muscle head and anchor pole head are repaiied chisel to uneven position and are filled spray with mortar levelling；
（4）Splash guard is installed, both sides are symmetrically hung from top to bottom from vault when hanging up, and are bored with qi of chong channel ascending adversely by being tied up on waterproof material
The spacing of band bores the deep 5-holes 10cm, has the wooden unit of thin wire to squeeze into hole on bolt in the early stage on supporting concrete, then steel wire with
Bandage on splash guard is fixedly connected；
（5）Blocking plate and waterstop are installed.
Further, in order to preferably realize the present invention, the step（5）The installation method of middle waterstop is：5-1, root
According to lining thickness, waterstop is placed among blocking plate, waterstop is located at lining cutting concrete center, every 70-90cm on blocking plate
It is close to drill under waterstop；5-2, reinforcing bar card is penetrated by the one lateral other side of concrete to be built, the one of inside clamping waterstop
Half, the other half of waterstop is contacted with blocking plate；5-3, blocking plate is removed after concrete setting, waterstop is stretched, is evened up,
It is fastened on waterstop through bar bending.Construction joint is subjected to artificial chiseling processing before pouring concrete and is rinsed using high-pressure blast, then
It carries out next plate two and serves as a contrast concrete placings.
Further, it in order to preferably realize the present invention, further limits, the step（2）Middle ring direction drainpipe construction
Specific method be：Using detecting water by pilot hole geophysical prospecting, determines that face anteriorly descends moisture distribution situation, carry out pre-pouring grout envelope
It is stifled.
Further, it in order to preferably realize the present invention, further limits, the step（2）Middle ring direction drainpipe construction
Specific method be：Ring direction drainpipe uses spring drainpipe, leads to tunnel drainage ditch, encryption arrangement spring circle draining side by side
Pipe, the effective reinforcing bar of circle draining are made circumferential snap ring and are fixed every 1m.
Further, it in order to preferably realize the present invention, further limits, the step（2）Middle ring direction drainpipe construction
Specific method be：Scar is close to using drain bar, two pieces of suspension holdfasts of interval 50cm are set every 1m, and will using steel wire
Drain bar is fixed.
Further, it in order to preferably realize the present invention, further limits, the step（2）Middle ring direction drainpipe construction
Specific method be：Using installation splash guard processing.
Further, it in order to preferably realize the present invention, further limits, the step（4）The specific of splash guard is installed
Step includes：Splash guard cuts out blanking, bond in hole or welding, seam inspection, be laid with rack in place, along the longitudinally disposed gas of vault
Capsule is longitudinally laid with steel wire on rack, splash guard is laid on rack, rises supporting rack, airbag aeration, hangs and hold iron wire, phase
Neighbour's cycle joint treatment falls supporting rack, deflation and takes out air bag, laying quality inspection.
Further, it in order to preferably realize the present invention, further limits, the specific method of the installation splash guard is：
4-1, it can be in close contact with preliminary bracing concrete under the extruding of perfusion concrete, the length of splash guard is than preliminary bracing concrete profile line length
Spend big 5% -10%；4-2, using suitable Mobile workbench, from vault, both sides symmetrically hang splash guard from top to bottom, and qi of chong channel ascending adversely brill is pressed
The spacing of waterproof material bandage bores the hole of deep 5-10m on supporting concrete in the early stage, has the wooden unit of finer wire to insert in the hole on bolt, so
Steel wire and the bandage on splash guard are tightly fastened afterwards.
Compared with prior art, the present invention haing the following advantages and advantageous effect：
Construction technology of the present invention is simple, and construction equipment is few, and the construction period is short, to the guarded drainage in frozen ground regions tunnel
Construction has directive function.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the construction flow chart of the present invention.
Specific implementation mode
The present invention is described in further detail with reference to embodiment, embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto,
Without departing from the idea case in the present invention described above, according to ordinary skill knowledge and customary means, various replace is made
It changes and changes, should all be included within the scope of the invention.
Embodiment 1：
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of frost zone tunnel drainage construction technology, and the technique is primarily adapted for use in frost zone
Vcehicular tunnel guarded drainage in tunnel is constructed under regional complex geological condition, which mainly includes the following steps that：
（1）Surveying and locating measures and releases tunnel center line, per 1 point of 5.0m, measures and releases longitudinal drainage pipe plan-position,
Per 1 point of 5m, spirit level is used in combination to measure longitudinal drainage pipe tube bottom designed elevation, measures and release short abutment wall sideline, per 1 point of 5m, and
Short abutment wall top mark height is measured with spirit level, short abutment wall top mark height is calculated according to trolley formwork, short abutment wall top mark height is in cable duct
Push up 20cm；
（2）Longitudinal drainage pipe, transverse drain, ring direction drainpipe are installed, one per 10m of transverse drain is short pouring
Transverse drain is supported by steel bracket when abutment wall, and transverse drain horizontal slope is 2%, and longitudinal row is determined according to transverse drain absolute altitude
Longitudinal drainage pipe is fixed on the concrete band of wide 20cm by water pipe elevation, and longitudinal drainage pipe is laid along the full tunnel holing through in both sides corner,
Transverse drain, longitudinal drainage pipe are connect with ring direction drainpipe by threeway, and junction uses non-woven wraps；
（3）The concrete surface for modifying scar and preliminary bracing, to concrete skin cut steel at preliminary bracing before installing splash guard
Muscle head and anchor pole head are repaiied chisel to uneven position and are filled spray with mortar levelling；
（4）Splash guard is installed, splash guard should supporting in the early stage it is stable and be laid with after reporting management acceptance(check)；
According to the material of plate when splash guard is hanged up, and ensure there is certain surplus capacity, hang up unsuitable tension, in squeezing for perfusion concrete
Pressure can be closely connected with preliminary bracing concrete, the length of splash guard and the profile line length big 5% -10% of preliminary bracing concrete.
Splash guard is installed, using Mobile workbench, when installation, from vault, both sides are symmetrically hung from top to bottom, with qi of chong channel ascending adversely bore according to
The spacing of bandage bores the hole of deep 5 ~ 10cm on supporting concrete in the early stage on waterproof material, and the wooden unit for fastening finer wire is squeezed into hole,
Then the bandage on steel wire and splash guard is posted and is tied admittedly.Waterproof plate surface should smooth out, non-wrinkle, no disrepair phenomenon, and and hole
Wall is closely connected, elastic appropriateness, and nothing tightens phenomenon.
The adjacent splash guard lap of splice is not less than 10cm, and the weld width of splash guard meets design specification requirement, when welding
It is welded with special Hot welding.When splash guard breakage, repair welding is carried out using the same material more than damaged crack.Weld seam, benefit eye are answered
It is closely knit full, must not there are bubble, gap.Repair welding is answered at solder skip, dry joint, if having at burned, burn-through, is welded using same splash guard
Covering is handled by supervising engineer's instruction.
（5）Blocking plate and waterstop are installed.
Embodiment 2：
The present embodiment further limits on the basis of embodiment 1, the step（5）The installation method of middle waterstop is：
5-1, according to lining thickness, waterstop is placed among blocking plate, waterstop is located at lining cutting concrete center, is being kept off every 70-90cm
It is close to drill under waterstop in head plate；5-2, reinforcing bar card is penetrated by the one lateral other side of concrete to be built, inside clamping sealing
The half of band, the other half of waterstop are contacted with blocking plate；5-3, blocking plate is removed after concrete setting, waterstop is drawn
Directly, it evens up, is fastened on waterstop through bar bending.Construction joint is subjected to artificial chiseling processing before pouring concrete and is rushed using high-pressure blast
It washes, then carries out next plate two and serve as a contrast concrete placings.
Embodiment 3：
The present embodiment further limits on the basis of the above embodiments, the step（2）Middle ring direction drainpipe construction
Specific method is：Using detecting water by pilot hole geophysical prospecting, determines that face anteriorly descends moisture distribution situation, carries out pre-pouring grout closure,
The operating method seeps water mainly for water burst, gushing water section in tunnel, i.e., in tunnel when rainy season the water flush region of formation in a tubular form.
Embodiment 4：
The present embodiment further limits on the basis of the above embodiments, the step（2）Middle ring direction drainpipe construction
Specific method is：Ring direction drainpipe uses spring drainpipe, leads to tunnel drainage ditch, encryption arrangement spring circle draining side by side
Pipe, the effective reinforcing bar of circle draining are made circumferential snap ring and are fixed every 1m, and the operating method is mainly for water burst, gushing water in tunnel
Section, i.e., the water flush region for formation of seeping water in a tubular form when rainy season in tunnel.
Embodiment 5：
The present embodiment further limits on the basis of the above embodiments, the step（2）Middle ring direction drainpipe construction
Specific method is：Scar is close to using drain bar, two pieces of suspension holdfasts of interval 50cm are set every 1m, and will arrange using steel wire
Water plate is fixed, the side by drain bar and splash guard combination processing which is taken mainly for location of dripping in tunnel
Method.
Embodiment 6：
The present embodiment further limits on the basis of the above embodiments, the step（2）Middle ring direction drainpipe construction
Specific method is：Using installation splash guard processing, the operating method mainly for the locations infiltration Shao Shui in tunnel, i.e., no matter rain
Whether season, palisades drying is without underwater drop.
Embodiment 7：
The present embodiment further limits on the basis of the above embodiments, the step（4）The specific step of splash guard is installed
Suddenly include：Splash guard cuts out blanking, bond in hole or welding, seam inspection, be laid with rack in place, along the longitudinally disposed gas of vault
Capsule is longitudinally laid with steel wire on rack, splash guard is laid on rack, rises supporting rack, airbag aeration, hangs and hold iron wire, phase
Neighbour's cycle joint treatment falls supporting rack, deflation and takes out air bag, laying quality inspection.
Embodiment 8：
The present embodiment further limits on the basis of the above embodiments, and the specific method of the installation splash guard is：4-
1, it can be in close contact with preliminary bracing concrete under the extruding of perfusion concrete, the length of splash guard is than preliminary bracing concrete profile line length
Big 5% -10%；4-2, using suitable Mobile workbench, from vault, both sides symmetrically hang splash guard from top to bottom, and qi of chong channel ascending adversely is bored by anti-
The spacing of water material bandage bores the hole of deep 5-10m on supporting concrete in the early stage, has the wooden unit of finer wire to insert in the hole on bolt, then
Steel wire and the bandage on splash guard are tightly fastened.
The above is only presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, not does limitation in any form to the present invention, it is every according to
According to the technical spirit of the present invention to any simple modification, equivalent variations made by above example, the protection of the present invention is each fallen within
Within the scope of.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of frost zone tunnel drainage construction technology, which is characterized in that include the following steps,（1）Surveying and locating measures
Tunnel center line is released, per 1 point of 5.0m, measures and releases longitudinal drainage pipe plan-position, per 1 point of 5m, spirit level is used in combination to measure
Longitudinal drainage pipe tube bottom designed elevation measures and releases short abutment wall sideline, per 1 point of 5m, spirit level is used in combination to measure short abutment wall top mark
Height calculates short abutment wall top mark height according to trolley formwork, and short abutment wall top mark height is in cable duct top 20cm；
（2）Longitudinal drainage pipe, transverse drain, ring direction drainpipe are installed, transverse drain together, is pouring short abutment wall per 10m
When transverse drain supported by steel bracket, transverse drain horizontal slope be 2%, longitudinal drainage pipe is determined according to transverse drain absolute altitude
Longitudinal drainage pipe is fixed on the concrete band of wide 20cm by elevation, and longitudinal drainage pipe is laid along the full tunnel holing through in both sides corner, laterally
Drainpipe, longitudinal drainage pipe are connect with ring direction drainpipe by threeway, and junction uses non-woven wraps；
（3）The concrete surface for modifying scar and preliminary bracing, to concrete skin cut steel bar end at preliminary bracing before installing splash guard
Chisel is repaiied to uneven position and is filled spray with mortar levelling with anchor pole head；
（4）Splash guard is installed, both sides are symmetrically hung from top to bottom from vault when hanging up, and are bored by bandage on waterproof material with qi of chong channel ascending adversely
Spacing bores the deep 5-holes 10cm, has the wooden unit of thin wire to squeeze into hole on bolt, then steel wire and waterproof in the early stage on supporting concrete
Bandage on plate is fixedly connected；
（5）Blocking plate and waterstop are installed.
2. a kind of frost zone tunnel drainage construction technology according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The step
（5）The installation method of middle waterstop is：5-1, according to lining thickness, waterstop is placed among blocking plate, waterstop be located at lining
Concrete center is built, is close to drill under waterstop on blocking plate every 70-90cm；5-2, by reinforcing bar card by concrete side to be built
It is penetrated to the other side, the half of inside clamping waterstop, the other half of waterstop is contacted with blocking plate；5-3, concrete setting is waited for
After remove blocking plate, waterstop is stretched, is evened up, is fastened on waterstop through bar bending, by construction joint into pedestrian before pouring concrete
Work dabbing handles and high-pressure blast is used to rinse, and then carries out next plate two and serves as a contrast concrete placings.
3. a kind of frost zone tunnel drainage construction technology according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：The step
（2）The specific method of middle ring direction drainpipe construction is：Using detecting water by pilot hole geophysical prospecting, determine that face anteriorly descends moisture distribution
Situation carries out pre-pouring grout closure.
4. a kind of frost zone tunnel drainage construction technology according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：The step
（2）The specific method of middle ring direction drainpipe construction is：Ring direction drainpipe uses spring drainpipe, leads to tunnel drainage ditch side by side,
Encryption arrangement spring ring direction drainpipe, the effective reinforcing bar of circle draining are made circumferential snap ring and are fixed every 1m.
5. a kind of frost zone tunnel drainage construction technology according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：
The step（2）The specific method of middle ring direction drainpipe construction is：Scar is close to using drain bar, is arranged every 1m and is spaced
Two pieces of suspension holdfasts of 50cm, and fixed drain bar using steel wire.
6. a kind of frost zone tunnel drainage construction technology according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：The step
（2）The specific method of middle ring direction drainpipe construction is：Using installation splash guard processing.
7. according to a kind of frost zone tunnel drainage construction technology of claim 3 to 6 any one of them, it is characterised in that：
The step（4）Installation splash guard specific steps include：Splash guard cuts out blanking, bonds in hole or welding, seam inspection, spreads
If rack is in place, is longitudinally laid with steel wire along the longitudinally disposed air bag of vault, on rack, splash guard is laid on rack, is risen
Supporting rack, airbag aeration hang and hold iron wire, adjacent circulation joint treatment, fall supporting rack, deflation and take out air bag, laying quality
It checks.
8. according to a kind of frost zone tunnel drainage construction technology of claim 3 to 6 any one of them, it is characterised in that：
It is described installation splash guard specific method be：4-1, it can be in close contact with preliminary bracing concrete under the extruding of perfusion concrete, waterproof
The length of plate is bigger by 5% -10% than preliminary bracing concrete profile line length；4-2, using suitable Mobile workbench, from top to bottom from vault
Both sides symmetrically hang splash guard, and the hole for boring deep 5-10cm on supporting concrete in the early stage by the spacing of waterproof material bandage is bored in qi of chong channel ascending adversely, will
Bolt has the wooden unit of finer wire to insert in the hole, and then steel wire and the bandage on splash guard are tightly fastened.
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| CN201510904655.6A CN105370315B (en) | 2015-12-09 | 2015-12-09 | A kind of frost zone tunnel drainage construction technology |
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| CN201510904655.6A CN105370315B (en) | 2015-12-09 | 2015-12-09 | A kind of frost zone tunnel drainage construction technology |
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| CN105370315B true CN105370315B (en) | 2018-09-28 |
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Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN106014478A (en) * | 2016-05-30 | 2016-10-12 | 爱佩仪中测（成都）精密仪器有限公司 | Cooling circulation system used for single-arm three-dimensional measurement scribing instrument |
| CN106385837A (en) * | 2016-08-29 | 2017-02-15 | 山东胜伟园林科技有限公司 | Drainage construction process for improvement of saline-alkali land |
| CN108222979B (en) * | 2017-12-29 | 2019-11-22 | 中铁二局第一工程有限公司 | Rich water karst waterproof and Drainage Construction of Tunnel method |
| CN108999635A (en) * | 2018-08-14 | 2018-12-14 | 湖南科技大学 | A kind of pilot drainage arrangement and construction method for the weak cementing roadway surrounding rock of rich water |
| CN113464202A (en) * | 2021-07-22 | 2021-10-01 | 陕西聚博德新材料科技有限公司 | Mounting process of tunnel drainage plate |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102678174A (en) * | 2012-05-28 | 2012-09-19 | 中交第一公路勘察设计研究院有限公司 | Tunnel drainage system passing through permafrost region and non-frozen ground region and arrangement method thereof |
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2015
- 2015-12-09 CN CN201510904655.6A patent/CN105370315B/en active Active
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102678174A (en) * | 2012-05-28 | 2012-09-19 | 中交第一公路勘察设计研究院有限公司 | Tunnel drainage system passing through permafrost region and non-frozen ground region and arrangement method thereof |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
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| 冻土隧道防排水浅探;罗定伦;《西部探矿工程》;20110831(第８期);第192-193,196页 * |
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