CN105359798B - A kind of utilization buckwheat prevents and treats the cultural method of club-root - Google Patents
A kind of utilization buckwheat prevents and treats the cultural method of club-root Download PDFInfo
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- CN105359798B CN105359798B CN201510809450.XA CN201510809450A CN105359798B CN 105359798 B CN105359798 B CN 105359798B CN 201510809450 A CN201510809450 A CN 201510809450A CN 105359798 B CN105359798 B CN 105359798B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
Abstract
The invention belongs to wild cabbage technical field of cultivation, and in particular to a kind of utilization buckwheat prevents and treats the cultural method of club-root.The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide a kind of new selection for preventing and treating club-root.The technical scheme is that preventing and treating the cultural method of club-root using buckwheat, comprise the following steps:Buckwheat and wild cabbage are entered into the ranks work or crop rotation;Between when making, be colonized wild cabbage in buckwheat both sides after planting planting-line center drilling buckwheat first, 30~40d;During crop rotation, wild cabbage preceding crop is buckwheat, and buckwheat plantation is conventional cultivation, and buckwheat plants wild cabbage after harvesting.Make between in the present invention and crop rotation plant is buckwheat, this kind of plant has good prevention effect to diseases such as root rot, the full rots of crop, have safety and non agricultural chemical residuum compared to traditional chemical pesticide control, the features such as environmentally safe.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to wild cabbage technical field of cultivation, and in particular to the cultural method of preventing and treating club-root.
Background technology
Cabbage (Brassica oleracea L.var.capitata L.) abbreviation wild cabbage, is brassicaceous vegetable.
There is cultivation in China various regions, be one of China staple vegetable crop, occupy critical role in the annual supply of China vegetables.
Club-root be by rape plasmodiophora brassicae (Plasmodiophora brassicae Woron.) infect caused by it is a kind of worldwide
Soil-borne disease, main harm crop in cruciferae.In recent years, China's club-root onset area is sharply increased, and causes production
Amount and quality are greatly lowered, and are even had no harvest when serious.Substantial amounts of research has been carried out to its prevention and controls both at home and abroad, but so far still
Do not find it is effective radical cure clubroot prophylactico-therapeutic measures, explore prevent and treat clubroot new method and new technology have it is important
Realistic meaning.
Buckwheat[1]It is the dicotyledonous cereal crop of polygonaceae (Polygonaceae) Fagopyrum (Fagopyrum Mill.).
It is distributed more widely in the world, country of the grain with crop is almost implanted with throughout all kinds.Zhang Qingping in 1994[2]Experimental study shows
Continuous cropping wheat grave illness field multiple cropping buckwheat, next year wheat yield increase, take-all evil is significantly reduced.The golden buckwheat of same section's category
Wheat, also there is relevant report.Wang Libo in 2005[3]With Feng Lisha in 2006[4]In studying bacteriostasis of Fagopyrum cymosum Meisn, golden buckwheat is drawn
Wheat has certain inhibitory action to bacterium and fungi.
The content of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide a kind of new selection for preventing and treating club-root.
The technical scheme is that the cultural method of club-root is invented and prevented and treated using buckwheat first, including it is as follows
Step:Buckwheat and wild cabbage are entered into the ranks work or crop rotation;Between when making, 1.6~1.8m of open country field does furrow, plants planting-line center bar first
Broadcast after buckwheat, 30~40d in buckwheat both sides field planting wild cabbage;Being mainly in view of wild cabbage seedling raise period needs 30~40d, while buckwheat root
It is that secretion has certain accumulation in field, wild cabbage distance between rows and hills is 75~90cm × 45~60cm;During crop rotation, wild cabbage preceding crop
For buckwheat, buckwheat plantation is conventional cultivation, and buckwheat plants wild cabbage, open country field 1..1~1.3m beddings, the strain of wild cabbage row after harvesting
Away from for 50~65cm × 45~60cm, furrow are wide and the main difference according to head cabbage varieties of distance between rows and hills is determined.
Wherein, described buckwheat is flower buckwheat kind or bitter buckwheat kind.
Wherein, when making, large-scale head cabbage varieties open country field 1.8m beddings, small-sized head cabbage varieties open country field 1.6m makees
Furrow.
Wherein, when making, wild cabbage is colonized after buckwheat sowing 35d.
Wherein, when making, large-scale head cabbage varieties wild cabbage field planting distance between rows and hills is 90cm × 60cm, small-sized head cabbage varieties field planting row
Spacing in the rows is 75cm × 45cm.
Wherein, during crop rotation, large-scale head cabbage varieties plant open country field 1.3m beddings, small-sized head cabbage varieties plantation open country field
1.1m bedding.
Wherein, during crop rotation, large-scale head cabbage varieties field planting distance between rows and hills is 65cm × 60cm, and small-sized head cabbage varieties are colonized distance between rows and hills
For 50 × 45cm.
Beneficial effects of the present invention:
(1) present invention between make and crop rotation plant be buckwheat, this kind of plant is to diseases such as root rot, the full rots of crop
With good prevention effect.But using seldom in wild cabbage cultivation, particularly prevent and treat in terms of clubroot also in blank, because
This, the present invention helps to improve the understanding to this kind of important plant in terms of vegetable disease preventing and treating.
(2) using the cropping system made between buckwheat and wild cabbage with crop rotation, land utilization ratio can be improved, the wave of luminous energy is reduced
Take, suppress the growth of weeds, reduce cost.Be conducive to transferring the plantation enthusiasm of peasant household, may also aid in planting household and increase income.Enter one
Step has developed the disease-resistant cultivation theory of wild cabbage, is beneficial to set up the cultivation mode that 1 set of wild cabbage prevents and treats clubroot.
(3) disease-resistant principle mainly uses the root exudates of buckwheat, can suppress the sprouting of clubroot resting spores of bacteria, can
To reduce the occurrence degree of club-root.There is safety and non agricultural chemical residuum compared to traditional chemical pesticide control, to environment
Pollution-free the features such as.
Embodiment
Make the prevention effect to seedling stage club-root between embodiment buckwheat and wild cabbage wheel
(1) experimental design:Indoor and field test sets 5 processing, nonoculture wild cabbage (G) altogether;Make (K+ between bitter buckwheat and wild cabbage
G);Make (H+G) between flower buckwheat and wild cabbage;Bitter buckwheat and wild cabbage crop rotation (K-G);Flower buckwheat and wild cabbage crop rotation (H-G), each handle 3 weights
It is multiple.
Laboratory test:Nonoculture is designed per basin 3 plants of wild cabbages (CK), per 2 plants of wild cabbages of basin, 1 plant of buckwheat in dealing with.Buckwheat is given birth to
After long 15d, wild cabbage is sowed.Wheel plants 3 plants of wild cabbage, 20 basins of each processing, phjytotron after dealing with middle buckwheat plantation 50d
Middle culture (25 DEG C/18 DEG C), each processing is repeated 3 times.The a piece of true leaf of wild cabbage sowing dew, two panels true leaf, during three true leaves, using 5
Point sampling method, takes and analysis of the soil sample for PLFA species and content is preserved at wild cabbage rhizosphere same level soil sample, -79 DEG C.Last
The plant height and fresh weight of wild cabbage are determined during secondary soil sampling, and gathers each processing cabbage leaves and is surveyed with root system for protective enzyme activity
It is fixed.
Field experimental design buckwheat and wild cabbage use program request, make cell and are planted by the row wild cabbage mode of 1 row buckwheat 1,
Make 4 buckwheat growth belts in cell, 3 wild cabbage growth belts.August is sowed simultaneously on the 10th within 2014, investigation on October 10th, 2014
And gather the analysis that preservation soil sample at wild cabbage Rhizosphere Soil, -79 DEG C is used for rhizosphere soil microorganism fauna PLFA species and content.
Club-root individual plant grade scale:
0 grade:Root growth is normal, without tumour;
1 grade:Root system main root is not fallen ill or expanded not substantially, and its diameter≤2 times basal part of stem or fibrous root have little tumour;
2 grades:The obvious enlargement of main root, diameter≤2-3 times of basal part of stem;
3 grades:The obvious enlargement of main root, diameter≤3-4 times of basal part of stem;
4 grades:More than the obvious enlargement of main root, diameter≤4 times basal part of stem or roots blacking rot, no fibrous root.
The individual plant number of the incidence of disease=infection clubroot/material participates in total strain number × 100% of statistics.
Disease index=∑ (the diseased plant numbers at different levels × sick level value)/(investigation total strain number × superlative degree value).
(2) influence to wild cabbage rhizosphere soil microorganism fauna is made between buckwheat and wild cabbage wheel
1. the extraction of lipoid fatty acid (PLFA):For determine the fresh soil sample of microbes biomass first remove it is visible it is dynamic,
Plant residue, crosses 2mm sieves, weighs the soil equivalent to 8g dry weights according to Water coefficient, be placed in 35ml centrifuge tubes, to centrifugation
5ml phosphate buffers, 6ml chloroforms, 12ml methanol are added in pipe;285~320r, vibrates 2 hours by 26 DEG C;First preheat from
Scheming 2h, 25 DEG C, 3500rpm centrifuges 10 minutes, takes supernatant to pour into Boiling tube A;Lower soil sample repeat step one
(adding 5ml phosphate buffers, 6ml chloroforms, 12ml methanol), fluctuates two minutes, 285~320R, shakes by 26 DEG C by hand
Swing 30 minutes, 3500rpm, 25 DEG C, centrifuge 10 minutes, supernatant is poured into Boiling tube A;Plus 12ml CHCL3,12ml phosphoric acid are slow
Fliud flushing seals up sealed membrane in Boiling tube A, shakes 2 minutes, left undisturbed overnight;Lower floor's solution in Boiling tube A is sucked with suction pipe new
In the Boiling tube B got ready, label is posted;30-32 DEG C of water-bath, N2 concentration dryings;Take 500ml CHCL3Rinse Boiling tube B bottoms
And extraction pillar is transferred to, this step is repeated 2 times;Plus 3ml CHCL3Reconcile extraction pillar;Add and sequentially add to extraction pillar
5ml CHCL3, 5ml acetone;Take methanol to clean the small column bottom of extraction with 1ml rifles, abandon small test tube A;Add 5ml first into extraction pillar
Alcohol, small test tube B collects leacheate;4ul internal standards are added for the first time with 10ul liquid-transfering gun, add leacheate with liquid-transfering gun for the second time
Internal standard, small test tube B wall portions are rinsed, is shaken, then repeatedly rinses test tube with liquid-transfering gun and is allowed to mix.32 DEG C of water-baths, N2Concentration drying;
Plus 1ml 1:1 methanol:Toluene 1ml 0.2M KOH solutions, shake up;37 DEG C of heating water baths 15 minutes;Plus 0.3ml 1M acetic acid is molten
Liquid, 2ml hexanes, 2ml ultra-pure waters;Low-speed oscillation 10 minutes (120-200R), upper strata hexane solution moves into small test tube C;Lower floor adds
2ml hexanes vibrate 10 minutes again;Upper strata hexane solution moves into small test tube C;Small test tube C, N2Dehydrate, without water-bath;Add
200ul n-hexane rinses small test tube C bottoms and wall portion, shakes, then repeatedly rinses test tube with glue head glass dropper and be allowed to mix,
- 20 DEG C of preservations of detection in the special internal lining pipes of GC, 2-3 days are transferred to glue head glass dropper.Detected more than 3 days, -80 DEG C of preservations.
2. PLFA detection:PLFA composition is analyzed using the gas chromatographs of U.S. Agilent 6850 (FID) detector.
Parallel analysis fatty acid methyl ester admixture standard specimen and sample to be checked under following chromatographic conditions:HP-5 posts (the μ m of 25.0m × 200
0.33 μm), the μ l of sample size 1, split ratio 1:1 carrier gas H2 make-up gas high-purity N 2, helps gas-air, flow velocity 0.8mL/min.Vaporizer
250 DEG C of temperature, 300 DEG C of detector temperature, press 10.0psi (1psi=6.895kpa) before post.Second order program raises column temperature:l70
DEG C starting, 5 DEG C/min rises to 260 DEG C, and then 40 DEG C/min is warming up to 310 DEG C, maintains 1.5min.Each constituents fats acid passes through
MIDI Sherlock microbial identification systems (Version 6.1, MIDI, Inc., Newark, DE), standard items are purchased from the U.S.
The C9-C20 of MIDI companies fatty acid methyl ester, quantitative analysis is with the sour methyl esters (19 of NSC 77136:0) it is internal standard.
According to the method for Frostegard (1993), PLFAs is named.Represent the markup phospholipid fatty of bacterium
Acid has 14:00、14:0iso、15:0anteiso、15:0iso、15:1iso G、16:00、16:0anteiso、16:0iso、16:
1 2OH、16:1iso G、16:1w5c、16:1w9c、17:0anteiso、17:0cyclo、17:0iso、17:1w8c、18:00、
18:1w7c11-methyl、19:0cyclo w8c、20:1w9c、12:00、17:00、10:0 3OH、13:00;Represent actinomyces
Markup lipoid fatty acid has 17:0 10-methyl、18:0 10-methyl, TBSA;Represent fungal marker phospholipid fatty
Acid 18:1w9c;Representing the markup lipoid fatty acid of protist has 20:4w6,9,12,15c, 18:3w6c (6,9,12).
(3) influence of the buckwheat root exudates to club-root
1. a small amount of collection of buckwheat root exudates:Buckwheat, bitter buckwheat seed vernalization 2d under the conditions of 25 DEG C will be spent, sowing is being contained
Have on the gauze of small beaker of 1/2Hoagland nutrient solutions, every glass is broadcast 15, closed lighttight environment is built, in 25 DEG C of people
In work climatic chamber cultivate 7d after collect the solution containing root exudates, young plant cultivate during need into beaker add nutrient solution with
Keep its constancy of volume.By the solution containing root exudates of collection on superclean bench with biofilter (its filter membrane
Aperture is 0.22um) filtration sterilization, the filtrate of filtration sterilization is stored in 4 DEG C of refrigerators, the sprouting for clubroot resting spores of bacteria
Experiment.
2. the preparation of clubroot resting spores of bacteria suspension:Improved to some extent with reference to Xiao Chonggang method, should according to native re-computation
The daetylorhiz amount weighed, after being rinsed well under running water, by about 1:3 ratios add sterilized water to stir into homogenate with tissue pulper,
Filtered with 8 layers of hospital gauze, filtrate moves into centrifuge tube, 5min centrifuged with 500r/min, the gray precipitate on supernatant and upper strata is taken,
Plus sterile aqueous suspension, 3100r/min centrifugation 15min, supernatant is removed, precipitation is dissolved in sterilized water, 3100r/min centrifugation 10min,
Supernatant (this step is repeatable 2-3 times) is removed, precipitation is dissolved in a certain amount of sterilized water, it is 2 × 10 to be configured to concentration8Individual/
Ml mother liquor (being counted using Neubauer blood counting chamber), is stored in standby in 4 DEG C of refrigerators.
3. resting spore sprouting test is designed:Resting spore suspension is added to the root exudates solution of filtration sterilization
In, spore concentration is diluted to 108Individual/ml.The 4.5ml root exudates solution for containing clubroot resting spores of bacteria suspension is added
Enter into the test tube of sterilizing, sterilized water is used as control.Each 3 repetitions of processing, carry out dark culturing in 24 DEG C of incubator,
Microscopy spore germination situation after 10d.
4. the judgement that resting spore is sprouted:A certain amount of stop is taken using Sun Liangfei etc. 1% cudbear dye liquor dyeing judgement
Dormancy spore suspension is uniformly applied on slide, spontaneously dries or low-grade fever is dried on alcolhol burner, instills 1% cudbear dye
Liquid dyes 2-3min, and the cudbear dye liquor of residual is then fallen with 95% alcohol rinse, a certain amount of after being instilled after its drying
15% glycerine (sterilizing) is used as floating supporting agent and covered observation.Whole spore all catches color by cudbear under microscope
For the resting spore do not sprouted, color is caught at the only edge of spore, and the spore of central, clear is the resting spore sprouted.Will
After the resting spore of pathogen plasmodiophora to be measured is dyed with cudbear dye liquor, microscopy spore germination number under microscope records spore germination
Situation simultaneously calculates inhibition of germination.Calculate the influence that buckwheat root exudates is sprouted to resting spore.
Resting spore germination rate=spore germination number/investigation spore sum × 100%;
Resting spore Germination suppression rate=(control spore germination rate-processing spore germination rate)/control spore germination rate ×
100%.
5. a large amount of collections of buckwheat root exudates:Using self-control buckwheat hydroponic system, by plastic tub, cystosepiment, ventilation
Pump is constituted.It is 1/2Hoagland nutrient solutions that dosage is made of distilled water, and 5L nutrient solutions are contained per basin.It is fixed in aperture on cystosepiment
Buckwheat Seedlings are planted, do not hinder root as far as possible, growth 20d buckwheat plant is colonized per basin, closed lighttight environment are built, in 25 DEG C of people
Ventilate and cultivate in work climatic chamber.One time of nutrition liquid is changed per 7d, the nutrient solution changed every time is stored in standby at 4 DEG C, co-cultivation
50d, for pouring wild cabbage.
6. inoculation method:With bacterium local method (2 × 108G/ dry ground) inoculation plasmodiophora brassicae, 5d prior to seeding, during sowing, after planting
Every 5d, poured with the buckwheat root exudates obtained, set nutrient solution to handle control (CK), 50d or so investigation plant
The incidence of disease and disease index,.
7. the measure of the resting spore content in soil:Soil samples of the 10g containing resting spore is taken to be dissolved in 20ml 0.05%
In Tween80 (polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate) solution, it is placed on shaking table and shakes 2-3h.Mixed liquor according to
The secondary screen cloth by 100,120,200,50 mesh, filters off organic substance and sand grains, collects and is centrifuged under filtrate, filtrate 3100r/min
15min, abandons supernatant, and precipitation is dissolved in 50ml aqua sterilisas again, and 3100r/min centrifugation 10min, this step operation is repeatable 2-3 times.
Supernatant is abandoned, the sucrose solutions of 5ml 50% are added in precipitation, after mixing, 3100r/min centrifugation 10min, with liquid-transfering gun supernatant
Liquid carefully moves into a clean centrifuge tube, plus 25ml aqua sterilisas, and 3100r/min centrifugation 10min abandon supernatant, precipitation is dissolved in again
25ml aqua sterilisas, 3100r/min centrifugation 10min, repeatable 2 times of this step operation, finally to be dissolved in 5ml aqua sterilisas standby for precipitation.Take
One drop dormancy is embraced on sub- extract solution and slide, covered, in microscopy under 400 power microscopes, and on blood counting chamber
Count, the spore content in the every milliliter of solution that carries disease germs is calculated according to following formula.
(4) experimental result
As can be seen from Table 1:The incidence of disease of the club-root of flower buckwheat processing is 80.0%, the wild cabbage knee of bitter buckwheat processing
The incidence of disease of disease is 87.5%, reduces 20.0%, 12.5% respectively compared with the incidence of disease of nonoculture 100%.Bitter buckwheat and flower buckwheat
Between make after disease index respectively than control reduce 14.38%, 13.13%.Field result shows:Wild cabbage nonoculture clubroot is fallen ill
Rate is 88.5%, is dealt with wild cabbage, and the incidence of disease of the club-root of bitter buckwheat processing is 58.0%, the wild cabbage of flower buckwheat processing
The clubroot incidence of disease is 67.5%.Relative to wild cabbage nonoculture control, the club-root disease index of bitter buckwheat processing is reduced
23.63%, what flower buckwheat was handled reduces 13.13%.
The generation of clubroot has effectively been prevented and treated by wild cabbage and buckwheat crop rotation.Control efficacy experiment is found:With wild cabbage nonoculture
Compare, bitter buckwheat and the incidence of disease, the disease index of wild cabbage crop rotation reduce 77.5%, 77.87% respectively;Flower buckwheat and wild cabbage crop rotation
The incidence of disease, disease index respectively reduce 80%, 84.10%.Field efficacy result:The wild cabbage nonoculture clubroot incidence of disease is
88.5%.Bitter buckwheat and wild cabbage crop rotation, the incidence of disease of club-root is 20.0%.Flower buckwheat is the same with wild cabbage crop rotation, with wild cabbage list
Compare, the incidence of disease reduces 68.5%.The disease index of the club-root of bitter buckwheat processing is 11.25, is dropped compared with the control
It is low by 39.38%.The disease index of the club-root of flower buckwheat processing is 15.63, and 35.00% is reduced compared with the control.
Influence of the different disposal of table 1 to club-root
Find that the generation to club-root has good prevention effect by pouring the root exudates of buckwheat.Do not pour
The club-root incidence of disease pole for filling buckwheat root exudates is significantly higher than pouring flower buckwheat root exudates, and it is significantly higher than pole again
Pour the incidence of disease of bitter buckwheat root exudates.
Bibliography:
[1] Wang Can, Ruan Renwu, Yuan Xiaohui, wait buckwheat stalk anatomical structures and lignin metabolism and its pass with lodging resistance
It is [J] Acta Agronomica Sinicas, 2014,10 phases (10):1846-1856.
[2] suppression and rhizosphere microorganism population number of the emerging buckwheats root exudates to gaeumannomyces graminis in Zhang Qingping, Liu
Amount observation [J] Inner Mongol agricultural science and technology, 1994, (01):8-9.
[3] Wang Libo, Shao Meng, Gao Huiyuan wait bacteriostasis of Fagopyrum cymosum Meisn to study the Chinese microecology magazines of [J], and 2005,
(05):330-331.
[4] Feng Lisha, Fu Xianlong, are displayed, and wait Rhizoma Fagopyri Dibotryis extracts to Bacteriostatic Activities [J] tetra- of phytopathogen
River college journal:Natural science edition, 2006, (03):688-691.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of utilization buckwheat prevents and treats the cultural method of club-root, it is characterised in that:Comprise the following steps:By buckwheat with it is sweet
Indigo plant enters in the ranks work or crop rotation;Between when making, the 1.6~1.8m beddings of open country field, after the central drilling buckwheat of furrow, 30~40d
Buckwheat both sides are colonized wild cabbage, and wild cabbage distance between rows and hills is 75~90cm × 45~60cm;During crop rotation, wild cabbage preceding crop is buckwheat, buckwheat
It is to plant wild cabbage after conventional cultivation, buckwheat harvest that wheat seeds, which are planted, the 1.1~1.3m beddings of open country field, wild cabbage distance between rows and hills is 50~
65cm × 45~60cm.
2. the method as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that:Described buckwheat is flower buckwheat kind or bitter buckwheat kind.
3. the method as described in claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that:Between when making, large-scale head cabbage varieties open country field
1.8m beddings, small-sized head cabbage varieties open country field 1.6m beddings.
4. the method as described in claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that:Between when making, be colonized wild cabbage after buckwheat sowing 35d.
5. the method as described in claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that:Between when making, large-scale head cabbage varieties wild cabbage is colonized distance between rows and hills
For 90cm × 60cm, small-sized head cabbage varieties field planting distance between rows and hills is 75cm × 45cm.
6. the method as described in claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that:During crop rotation, large-scale head cabbage varieties plantation open country field
1.3m beddings, small-sized head cabbage varieties plant open country field 1.1m beddings.
7. the method as described in claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that:During crop rotation, large-scale head cabbage varieties field planting distance between rows and hills is
65cm × 60cm, small-sized head cabbage varieties field planting distance between rows and hills is 50 × 45cm.
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CN106011222A (en) * | 2016-05-23 | 2016-10-12 | 中国农业科学院郑州果树研究所 | Agrobacterium tumefaciens resistance identification method of peach trees and sibling species plants thereof |
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